600 lines
72 KiB
XML
600 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2022.2157345" ID-GBIF-Dataset="22e69277-aebc-4066-9c68-02ab0ff681ce" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7620262" ID-ZooBank="E46768B9-FD13-4370-8E31-8D1819B724F4" checkinTime="1675670173125" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Field, Jeremy" docDate="2023" docId="03815C6C7434FFD4E8ECFE3CFB6DFA73" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.57.1-4.1-18.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 57" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2157345" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Microstigmus rosae Field 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFB824147437FFDCE931FFAAFFE9FFF9" masterDocTitle="Description and nesting biology of three new species of neotropical silk wasp (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Pemphredoninae: Microstigmus)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1675854939323" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description and nesting biology of three new species of neotropical silk wasp (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Pemphredoninae: Microstigmus)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Field, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>57</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>18</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2157345</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2022.2157345</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">22e69277-aebc-4066-9c68-02ab0ff681ce</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7620262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E46768B9-FD13-4370-8E31-8D1819B724F4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620264" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7620264" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03815C6C7434FFD4E8ECFE3CFB6DFA73" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03815C6C7434FFD4E8ECFE3CFB6DFA73" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[477,839,406,433]" box="[477,839,406,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading bold="true" box="[477,839,406,433]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[477,839,406,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[477,726,406,433]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[477,726,406,433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Microstigmus rosae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[735,839,406,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[160,1156,497,800]" box="[160,301,497,523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,301,497,523]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Recognition</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[160,1156,497,800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Unlike
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[236,333,533,558]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[236,333,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. lydiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[339,424,533,558]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[478,614,533,558]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[478,614,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. mirandae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[621,708,533,558]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, this species has the female 3rd antennal segment (i.e. the first flagellomere) almost square (
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<figureCitation box="[732,824,568,593]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,226,784,807]" captionTargetBox="[166,1148,142,751]" captionTargetId="figure-303@5.[166,1149,142,753]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Electron micrographs showing antenna of female (a) Microstigmus rosae sp. nov., (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., (c) M. mirandae sp. nov. White brackets indicate antennal segment 3 (i.e. the first flagellomere). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620272/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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(a)), and runs to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1972" box="[1009,1127,568,593]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
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<emphasis box="[1009,1127,568,593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. pallidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation author="Richards OW" box="[160,332,602,627]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="123 - 148" refId="ref10040" refString="Richards OW. 1972. The species of the South American wasps of the genus Microstigmus Ducke (Hymenoptera: Sphecoidea, Pemphredoninae). Trans R Entomol Soc Lond. 124 (2): 123 - 148. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1972. tb 00360. x." type="journal article" year="1972">Richards (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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. However, the overall colouration is darker than
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1972" box="[867,984,602,627]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
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<emphasis box="[867,984,602,627]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. pallidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with the head, including clypeus, mainly black (
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<figureCitation box="[526,612,637,662]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[167,1148,1003,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-192@3.[166,1149,1000,1583]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Microstigmus mirandae sp. nov., dorsal view of female with (inset) whole body; (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., dorsal mesosoma of female; faces of females: (c) M. rosae sp. nov., (d) M. lydiae sp. nov. with arrow indicating dark line along top edge of clypeus,(e) M. mirandae sp.nov.; (f) face of male M. mirandae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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(c)); the 3rd antennal segment is slightly squarer than in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1972" box="[247,364,671,696]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
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<emphasis box="[247,364,671,696]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. pallidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; the sculpturing is coarser, e.g. on the mesopleurae; and the striations at the back of the scutum are longer and denser (
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<figureCitation box="[703,793,706,731]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1087,1110]" captionTargetBox="[166,1148,142,1055]" captionTargetId="figure-186@4.[166,1149,142,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Electron micrographs showing dorsal view of mesosoma and propodeum of female (a) Microstigmus rosae sp. nov., (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., (c) M. mirandae sp. nov.; (d) lateral mesosoma of M. mirandae sp. nov. female. White arrows in a–c indicate striations along posterior edge of scutum. Scale bars: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620270/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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(a)). In addition, the centre of the posterior margin of tergite
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<quantity box="[467,509,741,766]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
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male
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[579,671,741,766]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[579,671,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. rosae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[678,766,741,766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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bears a pair of adjacent, upturned and incurved teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[160,1155,847,942]" box="[160,294,847,873]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,294,847,873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[160,1155,847,942]" lastBlockId="5.[160,1156,941,1728]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,253,882,908]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity box="[352,436,883,908]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
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. Colouration: head black except sides of lower face dark orange or pale orange, these lateral orange areas not fully meeting centrally (
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<figureCitation box="[914,999,917,942]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[167,1148,1003,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-192@3.[166,1149,1000,1583]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Microstigmus mirandae sp. nov., dorsal view of female with (inset) whole body; (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., dorsal mesosoma of female; faces of females: (c) M. rosae sp. nov., (d) M. lydiae sp. nov. with arrow indicating dark line along top edge of clypeus,(e) M. mirandae sp.nov.; (f) face of male M. mirandae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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(c)). A narrow line adjacent to the inside of the eyes and a strip running around the back of the head, connecting the back of the eyes to the occipital carina, also orange. Clypeus black with orange lower margin. Mandibles dark yellow or pale yellow, similar in colour to antennal scape, with dark red-edged tips. Antennae blackish brown, somewhat paler/yellowish ventrally, darker towards the tips. Pronotum orange with anterior dark mark centrally, and black areas on underside of pronotum in most specimens. Scutum varying in colour from bright orange to a dirty orange-brown. Scutum coloured homogeneously in most specimens, but a few have a hint of the pattern seen in
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[751,849,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[751,849,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. lydiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[858,946,1530,1555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[962,1050,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[167,1148,1003,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-192@3.[166,1149,1000,1583]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Microstigmus mirandae sp. nov., dorsal view of female with (inset) whole body; (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., dorsal mesosoma of female; faces of females: (c) M. rosae sp. nov., (d) M. lydiae sp. nov. with arrow indicating dark line along top edge of clypeus,(e) M. mirandae sp.nov.; (f) face of male M. mirandae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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(b)), with a central paler strip running antero-posteriorly and slightly darker areas laterally. Scutellum and metanotum orange laterally with central black area. Mesopleurae partly brown or black, with a small orange area postero-centrally. Underside of mesothorax black. Propodeum and abdomen black/dark brown, with a small dark orange area on each side at the base of the second tergite in some specimens. Variable pale marks on sternites in some specimens, sometimes including a whiteish mark at the base of the 6th sternite. Legs pale yelloworange except: coxae and trochanters more yellowy-white; hind femora dark brown or black dorsally; and hind tibiae more or less brown-marked.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7620266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[160,225,1614,1637]" targetBox="[167,1148,1003,1583]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[160,1157,1614,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,254,1614,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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(a)
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[300,528,1614,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[300,528,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Microstigmus mirandae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[539,622,1614,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, dorsal view of female with (inset) whole body; (b)
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[160,246,1643,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[160,246,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. lydiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[253,332,1643,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, dorsal mesosoma of female; faces of females: (c)
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[825,906,1643,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[825,906,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. rosae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[913,993,1643,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, (d)
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[1035,1121,1643,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1035,1121,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. lydiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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with arrow indicating dark line along top edge of clypeus, (e)
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[802,921,1673,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[802,921,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. mirandae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[927,1004,1673,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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; (f) face of male
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[160,281,1702,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[160,281,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. mirandae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[289,367,1702,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7620270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[160,225,1087,1110]" targetBox="[166,1148,142,1055]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[160,1157,1087,1198]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,253,1087,1110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Electron micrographs showing dorsal view of mesosoma and propodeum of female (a)
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[160,346,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[160,346,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Microstigmus rosae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[354,434,1117,1140]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, (b)
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<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[479,566,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[479,566,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. lydiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[574,655,1117,1140]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, (c)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[697,819,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[697,819,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. mirandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[828,908,1117,1140]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; (d) lateral mesosoma of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[160,281,1146,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,281,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. mirandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[289,367,1146,1169]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
female. White arrows in a–c indicate striations along posterior edge of scutum. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620272" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7620272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620272/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[160,226,784,807]" targetBox="[166,1148,142,751]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[160,1156,784,866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,255,784,807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Electron micrographs showing antenna of female (a)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[828,1020,784,807]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[828,1020,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Microstigmus rosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1030,1115,784,807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, (b)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[160,247,814,837]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,247,814,837]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. lydiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[255,335,814,837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, (c)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[376,497,814,837]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[376,497,814,837]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. mirandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[505,583,814,837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
White brackets indicate antennal segment 3 (i.e. the first flagellomere). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[160,1156,941,1728]" lastBlockId="6.[160,1157,142,549]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Maximum width of face across the eyes approximately 1.1 times the distance from top of the head to apex of clypeus when head is viewed face-on. Inner margins of compound eyes approximately parallel on face; minimum interorbital distance (across middle of face) approximately 1.1 times interorbital distance near top of the eyes. Ocelli in a not quite equilateral triangle, with the posterior side shorter and the two posterior ocelli separated by a distance approximately equal to their diameters. Mandibles with upper tooth shorter than lower tooth. Malar space short, approximately equal to the width of antennal segment 3. Clypeus raised, anterior margin weakly convex with a more or less weak central tooth often present. Basal flagellar segments of antennae short and relatively square: fifth antennal segment 1.25 times longer than wide; 3rd segment 1.4 times longer than wide and viewed from above, third segment clearly shorter than pedicel (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1024,1114,1391,1416]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,226,784,807]" captionTargetBox="[166,1148,142,751]" captionTargetId="figure-303@5.[166,1149,142,753]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Electron micrographs showing antenna of female (a) Microstigmus rosae sp. nov., (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., (c) M. mirandae sp. nov. White brackets indicate antennal segment 3 (i.e. the first flagellomere). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620272/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)). Integument predominantly shining. Frons finely reticulate with fairly dense, shallow punctures. Scutum impunctate, finely reticulate, with striations along the posterior margin visible at 60 × (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[378,471,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1087,1110]" captionTargetBox="[166,1148,142,1055]" captionTargetId="figure-186@4.[166,1149,142,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Electron micrographs showing dorsal view of mesosoma and propodeum of female (a) Microstigmus rosae sp. nov., (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., (c) M. mirandae sp. nov.; (d) lateral mesosoma of M. mirandae sp. nov. female. White arrows in a–c indicate striations along posterior edge of scutum. Scale bars: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620270/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)), these striations longer (length 20% of length of scutum) and denser than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[374,470,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[374,470,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. lydiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[476,562,1530,1555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[615,751,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[615,751,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. mirandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[757,843,1530,1555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Pronotum with a transverse carina centrally. Scutellum weakly convex when viewed laterally, and moderately raised centrally. Posterior half of the raised area with a raised longitudinal keel centrally with weaker carinae each side. Metanotum with a sharp, raised longitudinal keel centrally. Mesopleurae mostly coarsely sculptured, especially ventrally, but smooth posterodorsally. Omaular sulcus and hypersternaulus well developed, the former unusually wide, wider than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[387,486,142,167]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[387,486,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. lydiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[494,582,142,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[639,778,142,167]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[639,778,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. mirandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[786,874,142,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Propodeum shining and very coarsely sculptured, more so than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[632,730,177,202]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[632,730,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. lydiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[737,825,177,202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[881,1019,177,202]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[881,1019,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. mirandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1027,1114,177,202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1157,142,549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pilosity: compound eye bare, top of head and dorsal mesosoma with dense, short setae. In perfect specimens there are two longer, erect setae in the ocellar area that are slightly longer than the distance between the outer edges of the two posterior ocelli. Clypeus and lower edge of mandibles with longer setae. Antennae covered with dense, short setae, especially towards the tips; setae so dense that junctions between basal antennal segments hard to discern in some specimens. Dorsal area of propodeum bare, but posterior face moderately setose, setae longer than on head and mesosoma. Mesopleurae with short, dense setae especially towards the venter and beneath. First two abdominal tergites almost bare, with short setae becoming denser towards the tip of the abdomen, including a few longer setae at the posterior edges of tergites and sternites.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1157,608,1223]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,225,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to female except somewhat paler colouration: entire underside of head and pronotum, and the posterior half of tergite 7, pale; and orange area on posterior mesopleurae more extensive than in female, running from wing base to nearly the underside of the mesosoma. Malar space noticeably longer than in the female, approximately 1.5 times the length of the antennal pedicel. Lower face of male is snowy white, starting half-way down the eyes and including the clypeus, and anterior (ventral) side of scape and mandibles pale yellow, contrasting with the white lower face. Male posterior tergites bear central depressions. When the abdomen is in its natural position (segments telescoped), these appear as small, groovelike depressions in the centres of tergites 3–7, the overall impression being of a central flattening of the entire posterior dorsal abdomen, with the black posterior tergal margins appearing emarginate. When the abdominal segments are pulled out, it can be seen that these depressions cover only the apices of tergites 3–5, where they are semi-circular; but cover the entire lengths of the centres of tergites 6–7, where they are oval-shaped. The surface of tergite 2 is smooth, without depressions or grooves. Tergite 7 bears a pair of adjacent, upturned and incurved teeth at the centre of its posterior margin. Sternite 7 narrows towards its bluntly rounded, upturned tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1157,1283,1725]" box="[160,324,1283,1309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,324,1283,1309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1157,1283,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-09-03" collectingDateMax="2014-09-08" collectingDateMin="2014-09-03" collectorName="J. P. Field" country="Ecuador" county="Santa Lucia" elevation="1900" latitude="0.11843" location="Cabana" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.61186" municipality="Nanegal" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,369,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[160,268,1317,1343]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
′
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[389,507,1318,1343]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[522,744,1318,1343]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pichincha Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[758,892,1318,1343]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Santa Lucia</collectingCounty>
|
||
nr
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[939,1033,1318,1343]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nanegal</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[1051,1144,1318,1343]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1900.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1051,1144,1318,1343]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03815C6C7434FFD4E8ECFE3CFB6DFA73:8EF7BBA17431FFDAE991FAE3FF1DFA9B" box="[160,244,1353,1378]" country="Ecuador" county="Santa Lucia" latitude="0.11843" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.61186" municipality="Nanegal" name="Cabana" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Pichincha">Cabana</location>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[254,370,1353,1378]" degrees="0.11843" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="0.11843">N 0.11843</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[379,516,1353,1378]" degrees="78.61186" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="-78.61186">W 78.61186</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. 27/
|
||
<date box="[566,688,1353,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2014-09-08" valueMax="2014-09-03" valueMin="2014-09-08">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[566,688,1353,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2014-09-08" valueMax="2014-09-03" valueMin="2014-09-08">8-3/9/2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName box="[698,791,1353,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">J.P.Field</collectorName>
|
||
̍ with ′12̍ additionally pencilled onto the label (NHM).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[160,1157,1283,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-09-03" collectingDateMax="2014-09-08" collectingDateMin="2014-09-03" collectorName="J. P. Field" country="Ecuador" county="Santa Lucia" elevation="1900" latitude="0.11843" location="Cabana" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.61186" municipality="Nanegal" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
A further
|
||
<specimenCount box="[301,399,1422,1447]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">4 female</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[458,535,1422,1447]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[543,653,1422,1447]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
also deposited at NHM, including
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1047,1155,1422,1447]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[209,294,1457,1482]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
with the same data as the holotype except with pencil numbers 9, 10 and 13 (females, the latter specimen has the head micro-pinned separately onto the same piece of plastozoate as the body) or ′12̍ (one of the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[700,821,1526,1551]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. The second male, also from Santa Lucia, has similar data to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[555,655,1561,1586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but: ′(
|
||
<quantity box="[724,812,1561,1586]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[830,942,1561,1586]" degrees="0.11843" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="0.11843">N 0.11843</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Under
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1025,1155,1561,1586]" degrees="78.61186" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="-78.61186">W 78.61186</geoCoordinate>
|
||
a sign.
|
||
<date box="[240,341,1596,1621]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2014-09-03">3/9/2014</date>
|
||
J.P.Field̍ with ′25̍ additionally pencilled onto the label.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectorName="The & Mashpi" country="Ecuador" elevation="1050" location="Pacto" municipality="Mashpi Reserve" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName box="[975,1016,1596,1621]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">The</collectorName>
|
||
final female
|
||
<typeStatus box="[160,260,1630,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
is from the
|
||
<collectorName box="[405,486,1630,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mashpi</collectorName>
|
||
site and has the abdomen missing, with data: ′
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1036,1153,1630,1655]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[160,271,1665,1690]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pichincha</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[279,453,1665,1690]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mashpi Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
nr
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03815C6C7434FFD4E8ECFE3CFB6DFA73:8EF7BBA17431FFDAE8D9F92BFDCFF963" box="[488,550,1665,1690]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Mashpi Reserve" name="Pacto" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Pichincha">Pacto</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[563,649,1665,1690]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1050.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[563,649,1665,1690]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[666,1152,1665,1690]" collectingDate="2014-09-18" collectingDateMax="2014-09-24" collectingDateMin="2014-09-18" collectionCode="R" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.16284999" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.871185" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[666,803,1665,1690]" degrees="00" direction="north" minutes="09.771" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="0.16284999">N 00°09.771</geoCoordinate>
|
||
̍
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[811,966,1665,1690]" degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="52.271" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="-78.871185">W 078°52.271</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[975,1129,1665,1690]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2014-09-18" valueMax="2014-09-24" valueMin="2014-09-18">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[975,1129,1665,1690]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2014-09-18" valueMax="2014-09-24" valueMin="2014-09-18">18–24/9/2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1135,1152,1665,1690]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Bonifacii̍ with ′104̍ additionally pencilled onto the label.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,1156,142,410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectorName="Of" country="Ecuador" elevation="1050" location="Pacto" municipality="Mashpi Reserve" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName box="[192,218,142,167]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Of</collectorName>
|
||
two additional female
|
||
<typeStatus box="[488,601,142,167]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, both with the abdomen missing, one has data: ′
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[164,281,177,202]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[290,401,177,202]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pichincha</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[409,583,177,202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mashpi Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
nr
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03815C6C7434FFD4E8ECFE3CFB6DFA73:8EF7BBA17430FFDBEB5BFF1BFD41FF33" box="[618,680,177,202]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Mashpi Reserve" name="Pacto" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Pichincha">Pacto</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[693,779,177,202]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1050.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[693,779,177,202]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[797,934,177,202]" degrees="00" direction="north" minutes="09.771" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="0.16284999">N 00°09.771</geoCoordinate>
|
||
̍
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[942,1096,177,202]" degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="52.271" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="-78.871185">W 078°52.271</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2014-09-06" valueMax="2014-09-07" valueMin="2014-09-06">6–7/ 9/2014</date>
|
||
J.Field, 34̍.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-09-18" collectingDateMax="2014-09-24" collectingDateMin="2014-09-18" collectionCode="R" collectorName="The" country="Ecuador" elevation="1050" location="Pacto" municipality="Mashpi Reserve" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName box="[375,416,212,237]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The</collectorName>
|
||
second female has the same data except that the date, collector and pencil label are:
|
||
<date box="[390,545,246,271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2014-09-18" valueMax="2014-09-24" valueMin="2014-09-18">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[390,545,246,271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2014-09-18" valueMax="2014-09-24" valueMin="2014-09-18">18–24/9/2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[552,568,246,271]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.Bonifacii, 101.
|
||
<collectorName box="[731,796,246,271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">These</collectorName>
|
||
last
|
||
<specimenCount box="[848,1008,246,271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
are currently in the author̍s collection but the intention is to deposit them at
|
||
<collectionCode box="[912,982,281,306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">NIBEQ</collectionCode>
|
||
once a visit to
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03815C6C7434FFD4E8ECFE3CFB6DFA73:8EF7BBA17430FFDBE991FE96FF12FEAC" box="[160,251,316,341]" country="Ecuador" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Pichincha">Ecuador</location>
|
||
is possible, post-Covid pandemic.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-09" collectionCode="NIBEQ" collectorName="An & Mashpi" country="Ecuador" location="Mashpi" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
An additional
|
||
<specimenCount box="[804,902,316,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[961,1037,316,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1045,1155,316,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from the Mashpi site have already been deposited at
|
||
<collectionCode box="[763,836,350,375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">NIBEQ</collectionCode>
|
||
, and these have similar data to the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03815C6C7434FFD4E8ECFE3CFB6DFA73:8EF7BBA17430FFDBE9DAFE2BFED5FE63" box="[235,316,385,410]" country="Ecuador" name="Mashpi" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Pichincha">Mashpi</location>
|
||
paratypes above except dates in
|
||
<date box="[697,885,385,410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2017-09">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[697,885,385,410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2017-09">September 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,1155,463,523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,291,463,489]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named after Rosa Bonifacii in recognition of her excellent PhD work focussing on its biology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,1157,576,1156]" lastBlockId="8.[160,1155,142,271]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,254,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Hundreds of nests of this species were located at the two principal study sites, particularly at Mashpi. Nests (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[507,603,611,636]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,1214,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-371@7.[166,1149,1214,1614]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Nests of (a) Microstigmus rosae sp. nov., (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., (c) M. mirandae sp. nov. Arrows indicate nest entrances. (a) and (b) are in situ beneath leaves of Xanthosoma sagittifolium. The scale in (c) is millimetres. Photo credits - (a) and (b): R. Bonifacii; (c) C. Savill and J. Field." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620274/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) were found throughout the
|
||
<quantity box="[983,1155,611,636]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1375.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="750.0">750–2000 masl</quantity>
|
||
altitudinal range investigated, and were commoner than nests of the other two species. Nests were found hanging under the leaves of a variety of plants, less often from manmade structures. At Mashpi, they were particularly common beneath the large leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[160,444,750,775]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittifolium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,444,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Xanthosoma sagittifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[459,555,750,775]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with more than one nest commonly found on the same plant and sometimes hanging under the same leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[825,987,785,810]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittifolium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[825,987,785,810]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">X. sagittifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Each nest was suspended by a thin, normally straight, petiole. Nests were typically brown in colour with a rough external appearance, apparently constructed from tiny pieces of plant material (often with the appearance of wood fragments) interwoven with strands of silk with occasional fragments of arthropod exoskeleton embedded. The nest entrance is located at the apex, where the petiole meets the main nest structure, and the lower part is divided into between 1 and 9 vertically orientated cells, visible externally as bumps on the surface of the nest. The nest entrance diameter was
|
||
<quantity box="[668,780,1027,1052]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the nest petiole was usually straight but occasionally slightly or strongly curved, shorter (
|
||
<quantity box="[831,939,1062,1087]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mean 7.25) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[160,309,1097,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,309,1097,1122]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. mirandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[324,420,1097,1122]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Each nest cell contained a single offspring or was empty. Approximately 80% of nests contained just a single adult female, but there could be up to
|
||
<specimenCount box="[192,332,142,167]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[391,527,142,167]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
|
||
. Each offspring was mass provisioned with between 30 and 80 nymphal thrips (Thysanoptera). Cells sometimes contained pupae of braconid wasps (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": Marsh and Melo 1999" authorityName=": Marsh and Melo" authorityYear="1999" box="[245,637,212,237]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,377,212,237]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heterospilus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marsh PM & Melo GAR" box="[390,637,212,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="13 - 22" refId="ref9671" refString="Marsh PM, Melo GAR. 1999. Biology and systematics of New World Heterospilus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking Pemphredoninae (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). J Hymenopt Res. 8: 13 - 22." type="journal article" year="1999">Marsh and Melo 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or chalcidid wasps, and parasite larvae were observed feeding externally on
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ducke" authorityYear="1907" box="[518,662,246,271]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[518,662,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Microstigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae and prepupae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620274" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7620274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620274/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[160,225,1645,1668]" targetBox="[167,1147,1214,1612]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,1155,1645,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,249,1645,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Nests of (a)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[369,552,1645,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[369,552,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Microstigmus rosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[557,635,1645,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, (b)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[675,760,1645,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[675,760,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. lydiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[766,844,1645,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, (c)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[880,1000,1645,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[880,1000,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. mirandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1006,1082,1645,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Arrows indicate nest entrances. (a) and (b) are
|
||
<emphasis box="[541,599,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
beneath leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[784,1029,1675,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Xanthosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittifolium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[784,1029,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Xanthosoma sagittifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The scale in (c) is millimetres. Photo credits - (a) and (b): R. Bonifacii; (c) C. Savill and J. Field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[160,1156,316,445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The following two new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[552,768,316,341]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[552,768,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Microstigmus lydiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[775,862,316,341]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[918,1056,316,341]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[918,1056,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. mirandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1063,1153,316,341]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, run to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1971" box="[243,355,350,375]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[243,355,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(couplet 7) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richards OW" box="[532,709,350,375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="123 - 148" refId="ref10040" refString="Richards OW. 1972. The species of the South American wasps of the genus Microstigmus Ducke (Hymenoptera: Sphecoidea, Pemphredoninae). Trans R Entomol Soc Lond. 124 (2): 123 - 148. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1972. tb 00360. x." type="journal article" year="1972">Richards (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Based on the material examined and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richards OW" box="[160,327,385,410]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="643 - 645" refId="ref10002" refString="Richards OW. 1971. Two new species of the genus Microstigmus Ducke (Hymenoptera: Sphecoidea). J Nat Hist. 5 (6): 643 - 645. doi: 10.1080 / 00222937100770481." type="journal article" year="1971">Richards (1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richards OW" box="[342,397,385,410]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="123 - 148" refId="ref10040" refString="Richards OW. 1972. The species of the South American wasps of the genus Microstigmus Ducke (Hymenoptera: Sphecoidea, Pemphredoninae). Trans R Entomol Soc Lond. 124 (2): 123 - 148. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1972. tb 00360. x." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) descriptions of
|
||
<emphasis box="[591,883,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1971" box="[591,730,385,410]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberhardi">M. eberhardi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1972" box="[792,883,385,410]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soror">M. soror</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, they can be separated from other described species that run to couplet 7 as follows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
|
||
<key pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyStep pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[160,1155,489,583]" box="[161,1155,489,514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead box="[161,1155,489,514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
1. Scutum black. Prey on thrips............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1971" box="[872,1009,489,514]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eberhardi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[872,1009,489,514]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. eberhardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1972" box="[1067,1155,489,514]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soror">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1067,1155,489,514]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. soror</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[160,1155,489,583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
- Scutum entirely orange or with large orange areas both anteriorly and posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[210,299,558,583]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[167,1148,1003,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-192@3.[166,1149,1000,1583]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Microstigmus mirandae sp. nov., dorsal view of female with (inset) whole body; (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., dorsal mesosoma of female; faces of females: (c) M. rosae sp. nov., (d) M. lydiae sp. nov. with arrow indicating dark line along top edge of clypeus,(e) M. mirandae sp.nov.; (f) face of male M. mirandae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620266/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prey on Homoptera (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[555,694,558,583]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicadellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (prey of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1971" box="[800,908,558,583]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[800,908,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
unknown)......... 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[160,1156,612,914]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
2. Head (and mesosoma plus the dorsal surface of the petiole in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Melo" authorityYear="1992" box="[938,1148,612,637]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrophthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[938,1148,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. nigrophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) entirely orange, except the male lower face is white, and sometimes the tiny area between the ocelli is black. Larger species (female length
|
||
<quantity box="[883,1018,681,706]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="4.85" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with more spherical nests where cells are not visible from the outside.................................................... .......................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1971" box="[783,891,750,775]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[783,891,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Melo" authorityYear="1992" box="[948,1155,750,775]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrophthalmus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[948,1155,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. nigrophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[160,1156,612,914]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
- Dark patches on the head (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[539,633,785,810]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[167,1148,1003,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-192@3.[166,1149,1000,1583]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Microstigmus mirandae sp. nov., dorsal view of female with (inset) whole body; (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., dorsal mesosoma of female; faces of females: (c) M. rosae sp. nov., (d) M. lydiae sp. nov. with arrow indicating dark line along top edge of clypeus,(e) M. mirandae sp.nov.; (f) face of male M. mirandae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620266/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) as well as the mesosoma, least so in pale specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[373,516,819,844]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[373,516,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. mirandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[528,619,819,844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[638,729,819,844]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[167,1148,1003,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-192@3.[166,1149,1000,1583]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Microstigmus mirandae sp. nov., dorsal view of female with (inset) whole body; (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., dorsal mesosoma of female; faces of females: (c) M. rosae sp. nov., (d) M. lydiae sp. nov. with arrow indicating dark line along top edge of clypeus,(e) M. mirandae sp.nov.; (f) face of male M. mirandae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620266/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)). Dorsal surface of petiole black/ brown or with black/brown marks. Smaller species (female length
|
||
<quantity box="[971,1039,854,879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with less spherical nests that have cells visible as bumps on the outside (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[925,1018,889,914]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,1214,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-371@7.[166,1149,1214,1614]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Nests of (a) Microstigmus rosae sp. nov., (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., (c) M. mirandae sp. nov. Arrows indicate nest entrances. (a) and (b) are in situ beneath leaves of Xanthosoma sagittifolium. The scale in (c) is millimetres. Photo credits - (a) and (b): R. Bonifacii; (c) C. Savill and J. Field." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620274/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).................. 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[160,1157,942,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
3. Colouration of female head and mesosoma darker, with a thick black line along top edge of clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[459,551,977,1002]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[167,1148,1003,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-192@3.[166,1149,1000,1583]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Microstigmus mirandae sp. nov., dorsal view of female with (inset) whole body; (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., dorsal mesosoma of female; faces of females: (c) M. rosae sp. nov., (d) M. lydiae sp. nov. with arrow indicating dark line along top edge of clypeus,(e) M. mirandae sp.nov.; (f) face of male M. mirandae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620266/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)). Mesopleurae lacking striations latero-ventrally. Short striations present at the back of the scutum at high power (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1012,1112,1011,1036]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1087,1110]" captionTargetBox="[166,1148,142,1055]" captionTargetId="figure-186@4.[166,1149,142,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Electron micrographs showing dorsal view of mesosoma and propodeum of female (a) Microstigmus rosae sp. nov., (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., (c) M. mirandae sp. nov.; (d) lateral mesosoma of M. mirandae sp. nov. female. White arrows in a–c indicate striations along posterior edge of scutum. Scale bars: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620270/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)). Anterior face of male antennal scape pale yellow, contrasting with white lower face and mandibles. Surface of male second tergite smooth, without depressions or grooves.................................................... ....................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[951,1053,1115,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lydiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[951,1053,1115,1140]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. lydiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1064,1156,1115,1140]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[160,1157,942,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
- Colouration of female head and mesosoma paler, with the clypeus entirely pale, lacking a thick black line along its top edge (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[740,830,1185,1210]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[167,1148,1003,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-192@3.[166,1149,1000,1583]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Microstigmus mirandae sp. nov., dorsal view of female with (inset) whole body; (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., dorsal mesosoma of female; faces of females: (c) M. rosae sp. nov., (d) M. lydiae sp. nov. with arrow indicating dark line along top edge of clypeus,(e) M. mirandae sp.nov.; (f) face of male M. mirandae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620266/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)). Mesopleurae with clear striations latero-ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[503,597,1219,1244]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1087,1110]" captionTargetBox="[166,1148,142,1055]" captionTargetId="figure-186@4.[166,1149,142,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Electron micrographs showing dorsal view of mesosoma and propodeum of female (a) Microstigmus rosae sp. nov., (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., (c) M. mirandae sp. nov.; (d) lateral mesosoma of M. mirandae sp. nov. female. White arrows in a–c indicate striations along posterior edge of scutum. Scale bars: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620270/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)). Striations absent or very weak at the back of the scutum, even at high power (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[592,686,1254,1279]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1087,1110]" captionTargetBox="[166,1148,142,1055]" captionTargetId="figure-186@4.[166,1149,142,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Electron micrographs showing dorsal view of mesosoma and propodeum of female (a) Microstigmus rosae sp. nov., (b) M. lydiae sp. nov., (c) M. mirandae sp. nov.; (d) lateral mesosoma of M. mirandae sp. nov. female. White arrows in a–c indicate striations along posterior edge of scutum. Scale bars: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7620270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7620270/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)). Anterior face of male antennal scape white (except yellowish distally at the junction with segment 2), concolorous with lower face and mandibles. Male second tergite with a central, narrow, groove-like depression running along the posterior three-quarters or more of the segment.......... ...............................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Field, 2023" authorityName="Field" authorityYear="2023" box="[923,1061,1393,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[923,1061,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. mirandae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1069,1156,1393,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |