264 lines
41 KiB
XML
264 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="823D1F2E2AE5A84C7B2D72746BFAF337">Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3F78880069842D497AFB6C5BAB98E75C">Mitov, Plamen G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7C11D90DA458452AACE850D80D4DC2CD">Dunlop, Jason A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9B21A451F38FB877E374F93F3882DAD5">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038106260C7B716318C0FC5DFAF94139" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5217244" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184587105" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5217244" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038106260C7B716318C0FC5DFAF94139" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038106260C7B716318C0FC5DFAF94139" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C7B716518C0FC5DFBE941C2" box="[151,1033,906,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7B716518C0FC5DFBE941C2" blockId="18.[151,1033,906,969]" box="[151,1033,906,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="D0DF005C0C7B716518C0FC5DFBE941C2" bold="true" box="[151,1033,906,933]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B716518C0FC5DFBE941C2" bold="true" box="[151,1033,906,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7B716518C0FC5DFC7741C3" ID-CoL="9X5HY" authority="(C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854)" authorityName="Mitov & Perkovsky & Dunlop" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch & Berendt" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[151,919,906,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Parahistricostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B716518C0FC5DFDFF41C2" bold="true" box="[151,543,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Parahistricostoma tuberculatum</emphasis>
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(C. L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B71651A22FC5CFC6E41C3" author="Koch, C. L. & Berendt, G. C." box="[629,910,906,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" refId="ref17431" refString="Koch, C. L. & Berendt, G. C. (1854) Die im Bernstein befindlichen Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt. In: Berendt, G. C. (Ed.), Die in Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt gesammelt in Verbindung mit mehreren bearbeitetet und herausgegeben 1. Berlin, Nicolai, 124 pp." type="book" year="1854">Koch & Berendt, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FD6590C7B71651BC9FC5CFBE941C2" box="[926,1033,907,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C7B716518C0FC78FEF541AE" box="[151,277,943,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7B716518C0FC78FEF541AE" blockId="18.[151,1033,906,969]" box="[151,277,943,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
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<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7B716518C0FC78FEF541AE" box="[151,277,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–24" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,239,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-43@19.[213,1374,237,1787]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 22–24. Parahistricostoma tuberculatum (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854), males, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 22 SIZK K-25396, detail of the body and limbs, ventro-lateral view. 23 SIZK K-25396, detail of 22, closer view showing the chelicerae with characteristic ‘ice-cream scoop’ shaped apophyses (ap) and its secretion area (white arrow), and also the basal segments of the legs and pedipalps; note the spinule-like microsculptural elements of the leg trochanters (Tr, black arrow). 24 SIZK K-7460, detail of body and limbs in ventral view, showing basally dilated palpal tibia (Ti) and baseball bat-shaped palpal tarsus (Ta). Scale bars: 22, 24: 1 mm; 23: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928518/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Figs 22–24</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C7B716518C0FC2EFDCF46D2" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7B716518C0FC2EFE2A4648" blockId="18.[151,1437,1016,1133]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB38901E0C7B716518C0FC2EFE2A4648" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8991210C7B716518C0FC2EFCED4676" author="Koch, C. L. & Berendt, G. C." box="[151,781,1016,1041]" page="98" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" year="1854">
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7B716518C0FC2EFCED4676" ID-CoL="9WXW8" authority="C. L. Koch & Berendt 1854: 97 - 98" authorityName="C. L. Koch & Berendt" authorityPageNumber="97 - 98" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,781,1016,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Nemastoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B716518C0FC2EFE7B4677" box="[151,411,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Nemastoma tuberculatum</emphasis>
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C. L.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B7165198BFC2FFCED4676" author="Koch, C. L. & Berendt, G. C." box="[476,781,1016,1041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" refId="ref17431" refString="Koch, C. L. & Berendt, G. C. (1854) Die im Bernstein befindlichen Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt. In: Berendt, G. C. (Ed.), Die in Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt gesammelt in Verbindung mit mehreren bearbeitetet und herausgegeben 1. Berlin, Nicolai, 124 pp." type="book" year="1854">Koch & Berendt 1854: 97–98</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 11: fig. 97. For a full description of the
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<typeStatus id="549309920C7B71651C9DFC2FFAC34677" box="[1226,1315,1016,1040]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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see
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8991210C7B71651D07FC2FFED84648" author="Dunlop, J. A." page="176" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B71651D07FC2FFED84648" author="Dunlop, J. A." pageId="18" pageNumber="61" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref15734" refString="Dunlop, J. A. (2006) Baltic amber harvestman types (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi and Dyspnoi). Fossil Record, 9, 167 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmng. 200600006" type="journal article" year="2006">Dunlop (2006: 176</bibRefCitation>
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, 179, fig. 5B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7B716518C0FBE1FE0A460B" blockId="18.[151,1437,1016,1133]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB38901E0C7B716518C0FBE1FE0A460B" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7B716518C0FBE1FD1C4629" ID-CoL="7PKH5" authority=": Starega 2002: pp. 602 - 603" authorityName="Starega" authorityPageNumber="602 - 603" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,764,1078,1102]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Histricostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B716518C0FBE1FEC7462A" box="[151,295,1078,1101]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Histricostoma</emphasis>
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(?)
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B71651906FBE1FE374629" box="[337,471,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">tuberculatum</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B716519B2FBE1FD904629" author="Starega, W." box="[485,624,1078,1102]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" pagination="601 - 604" refId="ref21542" refString="Starega, W. (2002) Baltic amber harvestmen (Opiliones) from Polish collections. Annales Zoologici [Polska Akademia Nauk], 52, 601 - 604." type="journal article" year="2002">Staręga 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: pp. 602–603
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8991210C7B71651B51FBE1FC3E4629" author="Dunlop, J. A." box="[774,990,1078,1102]" page="179" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B71651B51FBE1FC714629" author="Dunlop, J. A." box="[774,913,1078,1102]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref15734" refString="Dunlop, J. A. (2006) Baltic amber harvestman types (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi and Dyspnoi). Fossil Record, 9, 167 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmng. 200600006" type="journal article" year="2006">Dunlop 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 179
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8991210C7B71651BBEFBE1FAD84629" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791606" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791606" author="Dunlop, J. A. & Mitov, P. G." box="[1001,1336,1078,1102]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392774B7851106BB6DD56DEFB89FD7F" page="351" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B71651BBEFBE1FAD84629" author="Dunlop, J. A. & Mitov, P. G." box="[1001,1336,1078,1102]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" pagination="347 - 375" refId="ref15864" refString="Dunlop, J. A. & Mitov, P. G. (2009) Fossil harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) from Bitterfeld amber. ZooKeys, 16, 347 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 16.224" type="journal article" year="2009">Dunlop & Mitov 2009: 351–355</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 1–2, 6–8;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8991210C7B716518ACFB83FE06460B" author="Elsaka, M. & Mitov, P. G. & Dunlop, J. A." box="[251,486,1108,1133]" page="156" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" year="2019">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B716518ACFB83FE06460B" author="Elsaka, M. & Mitov, P. G. & Dunlop, J. A." box="[251,486,1108,1133]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" pagination="155 - 169" refId="ref16250" refString="Elsaka, M., Mitov, P. G. & Dunlop, J. A. (2019) New fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in the Hoffeins amber collection. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie-Abhandlungen, 292 (2), 155 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / njgpa / 2019 / 0815" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Elsaka
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B71651913FB82FE98460B" box="[324,376,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
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2019: 156
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7B716518C0FB4DFDCF46D2" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2033]" box="[151,559,1178,1205]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B716518C0FB4DFEFB46D3" bold="true" box="[151,283,1178,1204]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Synonymy.</emphasis>
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B71651906FB4CFDCF46D2" author="Dunlop, J. A." box="[337,559,1179,1205]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref15734" refString="Dunlop, J. A. (2006) Baltic amber harvestman types (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi and Dyspnoi). Fossil Record, 9, 167 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmng. 200600006" type="journal article" year="2006">Dunlop (2006: 179)</bibRefCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C7B71651890FB68FE41469A" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7B71651890FB68FE41469A" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B40BD6D0C7B71651890FB68FE41469A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3335965302" collectionCode="MB" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B71651890FB68FED446BE" bold="true" box="[199,308,1215,1241]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
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<typeStatus id="549309920C7B71651890FB68FED446BE" box="[199,308,1215,1241]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED392FF50C7B71651913FB68FE9446BE" box="[324,372,1215,1241]" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">MB</collectionCode>
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||
.A. 1612; ex Berendt collection, repository number 7248. Baltic amber; Palaeogene (Eocene); precise locality unclear.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C7B71651890FAD1FF004722" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7B71651890FAD1FF004722" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
|
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B71651890FAD1FEB94747" bold="true" box="[199,345,1286,1312]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Distribution</emphasis>
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||
. Baltic and Bitterfeld amber (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B71651AE6FAD0FCAB4746" author="Starega, W." box="[689,843,1287,1313]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" pagination="601 - 604" refId="ref21542" refString="Starega, W. (2002) Baltic amber harvestmen (Opiliones) from Polish collections. Annales Zoologici [Polska Akademia Nauk], 52, 601 - 604." type="journal article" year="2002">Staręga 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B71651B0FFAD0FC114746" author="Dunlop, J. A." box="[856,1009,1287,1313]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref15734" refString="Dunlop, J. A. (2006) Baltic amber harvestman types (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi and Dyspnoi). Fossil Record, 9, 167 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmng. 200600006" type="journal article" year="2006">Dunlop 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B71651BAAFAD0FAE14746" author="Dunlop, J. A. & Mitov, P. G." box="[1021,1281,1287,1313]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" pagination="347 - 375" refId="ref15864" refString="Dunlop, J. A. & Mitov, P. G. (2009) Fossil harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) from Bitterfeld amber. ZooKeys, 16, 347 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 16.224" type="journal article" year="2009">Dunlop & Mitov 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B71651D58FAD0FF344722" author="Elsaka, M. & Mitov, P. G. & Dunlop, J. A." pageId="18" pageNumber="61" pagination="155 - 169" refId="ref16250" refString="Elsaka, M., Mitov, P. G. & Dunlop, J. A. (2019) New fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in the Hoffeins amber collection. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie-Abhandlungen, 292 (2), 155 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / njgpa / 2019 / 0815" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Elsaka
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B71651D35FAD0FA7D4746" box="[1378,1437,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C7B71651890FA99FDE7470E" box="[199,519,1358,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7B71651890FA99FDE7470E" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2033]" box="[199,519,1358,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B71651890FA99FEDA470F" bold="true" box="[199,314,1358,1384]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: As for the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C7B71651890FAA5FDE547B1" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7B71651890FAA5FDE547B1" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B71651890FAA5FDA247EA" bold="true" box="[199,578,1394,1421]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C7B716519E2FAA5FDD947EB" box="[437,569,1394,1420]" name="Ukraine" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">UKRAINE</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED392FF50C7B71651A1FFAA4FD6647EA" box="[584,646,1395,1421]" country="Ukraine" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c442-9tdv" name="Schmaulhausen Institute of Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">SIZK</collectionCode>
|
||
K-25396,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED392FF50C7B71651AAAFAA4FCDB47EA" box="[765,827,1395,1421]" country="Ukraine" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c442-9tdv" name="Schmaulhausen Institute of Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">SIZK</collectionCode>
|
||
K-7460.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EC79D20C7B71651BF4FAA4FBDD47EA" box="[931,1085,1395,1421]" country="Ukraine" name="Rivne" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Rovno region</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Sarny District, Klesov, Pugach quarry; late Eocene; (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7B716519DDFA40FDEE47D6" box="[394,526,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–24" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,239,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-43@19.[213,1374,237,1787]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 22–24. Parahistricostoma tuberculatum (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854), males, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 22 SIZK K-25396, detail of the body and limbs, ventro-lateral view. 23 SIZK K-25396, detail of 22, closer view showing the chelicerae with characteristic ‘ice-cream scoop’ shaped apophyses (ap) and its secretion area (white arrow), and also the basal segments of the legs and pedipalps; note the spinule-like microsculptural elements of the leg trochanters (Tr, black arrow). 24 SIZK K-7460, detail of body and limbs in ventral view, showing basally dilated palpal tibia (Ti) and baseball bat-shaped palpal tarsus (Ta). Scale bars: 22, 24: 1 mm; 23: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928518/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Figs 22–24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Syninclusions:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED392FF50C7B71651A99FA40FCEC47D6" box="[718,780,1431,1457]" country="Ukraine" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c442-9tdv" name="Schmaulhausen Institute of Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">SIZK</collectionCode>
|
||
K-25396, decaying plant remnants; insect larva;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED392FF50C7B71651D6EFA40FA9747D6" box="[1337,1399,1431,1457]" country="Ukraine" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c442-9tdv" name="Schmaulhausen Institute of Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">SIZK</collectionCode>
|
||
K- 7460, two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7B7165195AFA6CFEAB47B2" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1817" box="[269,331,1467,1493]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acari" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Acari</taxonomicName>
|
||
(one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7B716519DCFA6CFE1A47B1" box="[395,506,1467,1494]" pageId="18" pageNumber="70" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Oribatida">Oribatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C7B71631890FA09FDB7415E" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7B71651890FA09FDC145CD" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7B71651890FA09FEB9479F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1502,1528]" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
SIZK K-25396 is a male specimen, body and legs covered by a white emulsion dorsally; the prosoma and part of the opisthosoma obscured by an air-pocket. The fossil is clearly visible only ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7B71651D38F9D4FF574426" captionStart="FIGURES 22–24" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,239,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-43@19.[213,1374,237,1787]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 22–24. Parahistricostoma tuberculatum (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854), males, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 22 SIZK K-25396, detail of the body and limbs, ventro-lateral view. 23 SIZK K-25396, detail of 22, closer view showing the chelicerae with characteristic ‘ice-cream scoop’ shaped apophyses (ap) and its secretion area (white arrow), and also the basal segments of the legs and pedipalps; note the spinule-like microsculptural elements of the leg trochanters (Tr, black arrow). 24 SIZK K-7460, detail of body and limbs in ventral view, showing basally dilated palpal tibia (Ti) and baseball bat-shaped palpal tarsus (Ta). Scale bars: 22, 24: 1 mm; 23: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928518/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body and limbs (in amber) black. L: 1.25, abdomen width: 0.88. The armament of the scutum and the dorsal granulation/microsculpture of the body as well as the ocular tubercle are not visible. Only the tips of three of the four pairs of dorsal spines are visible. Chelicerae: basal segment equivocal, length of distal segment: 0.43, movable digit length: 0.17; basal article distally with apophysis; the cheliceral apophyses are shaped like an ‘ice cream scoop’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7B716518F7F960FF1344B6" box="[160,243,1719,1745]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–24" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,239,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-43@19.[213,1374,237,1787]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 22–24. Parahistricostoma tuberculatum (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854), males, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 22 SIZK K-25396, detail of the body and limbs, ventro-lateral view. 23 SIZK K-25396, detail of 22, closer view showing the chelicerae with characteristic ‘ice-cream scoop’ shaped apophyses (ap) and its secretion area (white arrow), and also the basal segments of the legs and pedipalps; note the spinule-like microsculptural elements of the leg trochanters (Tr, black arrow). 24 SIZK K-7460, detail of body and limbs in ventral view, showing basally dilated palpal tibia (Ti) and baseball bat-shaped palpal tarsus (Ta). Scale bars: 22, 24: 1 mm; 23: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928518/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
), directed slightly downwards and resemble boxing gloves in dorso-lateral outline; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7B71651CADF960FEF24492" author="Dunlop, J. A. & Mitov, P. G." pageId="18" pageNumber="61" pagination="347 - 375" refId="ref15864" refString="Dunlop, J. A. & Mitov, P. G. (2009) Fossil harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) from Bitterfeld amber. ZooKeys, 16, 347 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 16.224" type="journal article" year="2009">Dunlop & Mitov (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The length/height of the apophyses is 0.126. The cheliceral apophyses and the frontal distal segment of the chelicerae bear strong setae. One of the setae, located distally at the apex of the apophysis, is twice as long (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD01AD50C7B7165189FF8F4FECE455A" box="[200,302,1827,1853]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
) as the others. The opening of the cheliceral glands/secretion area is probably located on the medial depressions of the apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7B716519BFF890FDDC4506" box="[488,572,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–24" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,239,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-43@19.[213,1374,237,1787]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 22–24. Parahistricostoma tuberculatum (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854), males, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 22 SIZK K-25396, detail of the body and limbs, ventro-lateral view. 23 SIZK K-25396, detail of 22, closer view showing the chelicerae with characteristic ‘ice-cream scoop’ shaped apophyses (ap) and its secretion area (white arrow), and also the basal segments of the legs and pedipalps; note the spinule-like microsculptural elements of the leg trochanters (Tr, black arrow). 24 SIZK K-7460, detail of body and limbs in ventral view, showing basally dilated palpal tibia (Ti) and baseball bat-shaped palpal tarsus (Ta). Scale bars: 22, 24: 1 mm; 23: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928518/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
: white arrow). Cheliceral basal segment laterally spinulate; Palps with article lengths of: Tr: 0.25, Fe: 0.84, Pa: 0.77, Ti: 0.53, Ta: 0.29; as Ta:Ti = 0.55. Pedipalps elongate and slender, without apophyses (spurs/thorns/denticles).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7B71641890F864FBF842B2" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2033]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,214]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Palpal trochanters more cylindrical than oval. Palpal coxa and trochanter ventrally covered with denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7B71651D38F864FF574596" captionStart="FIGURES 22–24" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,239,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-43@19.[213,1374,237,1787]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 22–24. Parahistricostoma tuberculatum (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854), males, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 22 SIZK K-25396, detail of the body and limbs, ventro-lateral view. 23 SIZK K-25396, detail of 22, closer view showing the chelicerae with characteristic ‘ice-cream scoop’ shaped apophyses (ap) and its secretion area (white arrow), and also the basal segments of the legs and pedipalps; note the spinule-like microsculptural elements of the leg trochanters (Tr, black arrow). 24 SIZK K-7460, detail of body and limbs in ventral view, showing basally dilated palpal tibia (Ti) and baseball bat-shaped palpal tarsus (Ta). Scale bars: 22, 24: 1 mm; 23: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928518/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="61">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal end of the patella slightly curved downwards. Palpal tibia slender, baseball bat-shaped – basally dilated; palpal tarsus slender, club-shaped in dorsal/ventral view, laterally machete-shaped – distally rounded and slightly dilated. Palpal articles (except trochanters) ventral with clavate setae (L: 0.042).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF57E7B80C7A716418C0F8C5FC4545B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928518/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" startId="19.[151,264,1810,1834]" targetBox="[213,1374,239,1786]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7A716418C0F8C5FC4545B9" blockId="19.[151,1437,1810,2015]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7A716418C0F8C5FEB4454C" bold="true" box="[151,340,1810,1835]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">FIGURES 22–24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7A7164190DF8C4FC3D454C" authority="(C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854)" authorityName="Mitov & Perkovsky & Dunlop" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch & Berendt" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[346,989,1811,1835]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Parahistricostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7A7164190DF8C4FD43454C" box="[346,675,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="62">Parahistricostoma tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
(C. L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7A71641ABBF8C4FC36454C" author="Koch, C. L. & Berendt, G. C." box="[748,982,1811,1835]" pageId="19" pageNumber="62" refId="ref17431" refString="Koch, C. L. & Berendt, G. C. (1854) Die im Bernstein befindlichen Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt. In: Berendt, G. C. (Ed.), Die in Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt gesammelt in Verbindung mit mehreren bearbeitetet und herausgegeben 1. Berlin, Nicolai, 124 pp." type="book" year="1854">Koch & Berendt, 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, males, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 22 SIZK K-25396, detail of the body and limbs, ventro-lateral view. 23 SIZK K-25396, detail of 22, closer view showing the chelicerae with characteristic ‘ice-cream scoop’ shaped apophyses (ap) and its secretion area (white arrow), and also the basal segments of the legs and pedipalps; note the spinule-like microsculptural elements of the leg trochanters (Tr, black arrow). 24 SIZK K-7460, detail of body and limbs in ventral view, showing basally dilated palpal tibia (Ti) and baseball bat-shaped palpal tarsus (Ta). Scale bars: 22, 24: 1 mm; 23: 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7D71631890FF40FD1B4302" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,862]" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Legs long and slender. Femur length (pseudoarticulations of leg femora in parentheses): Fe I: 1.33 (with three pseudoarticulations, middle); second pair of legs missing; Fe III: 1.44 (with 3 pseudoarticulations, central); Fe IV: 1.33 (with 5 pseudoarticulations, centro-basal). Trochanters of the legs with spinule-like microsculptural elements (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7D716318F7FED4FF15437A" box="[160,245,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–24" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,239,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-43@19.[213,1374,237,1787]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 22–24. Parahistricostoma tuberculatum (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854), males, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 22 SIZK K-25396, detail of the body and limbs, ventro-lateral view. 23 SIZK K-25396, detail of 22, closer view showing the chelicerae with characteristic ‘ice-cream scoop’ shaped apophyses (ap) and its secretion area (white arrow), and also the basal segments of the legs and pedipalps; note the spinule-like microsculptural elements of the leg trochanters (Tr, black arrow). 24 SIZK K-7460, detail of body and limbs in ventral view, showing basally dilated palpal tibia (Ti) and baseball bat-shaped palpal tarsus (Ta). Scale bars: 22, 24: 1 mm; 23: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928518/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
: black arrow), similar to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7D71631A25FED4FC9A437B" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[626,890,259,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Histricostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="20" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7D71631A25FED4FC9A437B" box="[626,890,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">Histricostoma creticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7D71631BE5FED4FBCE437A" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1958" box="[946,1070,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Histricostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="20" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drenskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7D71631BE5FED4FBCE437A" box="[946,1070,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">H. drenskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Microsculpture elements of the leg femurs include loose-textured denticles and granules. Metatarsal and tarsal leg segments densely setose. Legs with 10–16 tarsal segments, ending with a single claw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7D71631890FEB9FDB7415E" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,862]" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7D71631890FEB9FEB943EF" bold="true" box="[199,345,366,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
K-7460 is a male specimen, ventrally covered by a white emulsion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7D71631C26FEB8FB2643EE" box="[1137,1222,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–24" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,239,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-43@19.[213,1374,237,1787]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 22–24. Parahistricostoma tuberculatum (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854), males, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 22 SIZK K-25396, detail of the body and limbs, ventro-lateral view. 23 SIZK K-25396, detail of 22, closer view showing the chelicerae with characteristic ‘ice-cream scoop’ shaped apophyses (ap) and its secretion area (white arrow), and also the basal segments of the legs and pedipalps; note the spinule-like microsculptural elements of the leg trochanters (Tr, black arrow). 24 SIZK K-7460, detail of body and limbs in ventral view, showing basally dilated palpal tibia (Ti) and baseball bat-shaped palpal tarsus (Ta). Scale bars: 22, 24: 1 mm; 23: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928518/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
), dorsally not well visible due to fractures in the amber and due to an air-pocket adjacent to the legs and body. Four pairs of slender, pillar-like spines, each slightly bulbous at the top, can be seen. The dorsal granulation/microsculpture of the body is not visible. Body and limb color (in amber) black. Body length: 1.3–1.4, abdomen width: 0.80. Ocular tubercle: length: 0.15 and width: 0.25; diameter of each lens: 0.06; Chelicerae: basal article distally with apophysis. Pedipalps elongate and slender, without apophyses. Palpal trochanter more cylindrical than oval. Palpal tibia slender, baseball bat-shaped – basally dilated; palpal tarsus slender, baseball bat-shaped in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7D71631C27FD90FB254006" box="[1136,1221,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–24" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,239,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-43@19.[213,1374,237,1787]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 22–24. Parahistricostoma tuberculatum (C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854), males, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 22 SIZK K-25396, detail of the body and limbs, ventro-lateral view. 23 SIZK K-25396, detail of 22, closer view showing the chelicerae with characteristic ‘ice-cream scoop’ shaped apophyses (ap) and its secretion area (white arrow), and also the basal segments of the legs and pedipalps; note the spinule-like microsculptural elements of the leg trochanters (Tr, black arrow). 24 SIZK K-7460, detail of body and limbs in ventral view, showing basally dilated palpal tibia (Ti) and baseball bat-shaped palpal tarsus (Ta). Scale bars: 22, 24: 1 mm; 23: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928518/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palps with article lengths of: Ti: 0.69–0.73, Ta: 0.38; Ta:Ti = 0.52–0.55; the remaining palpal segments cannot be measured correctly. The distal end of the patella curves slightly downwards. Palpal segments (except trochanters) with clavate setae (L: 0.042) ventrad. Legs long and slender. Segments of Leg I with lengths of: Fe: 1.58, Pa: 0.32, Ti: 0.85; Leg III with article lengths of: Fe: 1.71, Pa: 0.32, Ti: 0.80; tarsus ends in a single claw. The pseudoarticulations and the microsculpture of the leg femora are obscured. The leg trochanters are spinulate – their microsculpture is similar to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7D716318C0FCC8FE7E415F" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[151,414,799,824]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Histricostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="20" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7D716318C0FCC8FE7E415F" box="[151,414,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">Histricostoma creticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7D71631983FCC8FDAF415E" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityYear="1958" box="[468,591,799,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemastomatidae" genus="Histricostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="20" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drenskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7D71631983FCC8FDAF415E" box="[468,591,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">H. drenskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C7D71631890FC94FAF94139" box="[199,1305,834,862]" pageId="20" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7D71631890FC94FAF94139" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,862]" box="[199,1305,834,862]" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7D71631890FC94FEDB413A" bold="true" box="[199,315,835,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="63">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
For additional morphological data see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7D71631AA5FC94FB89413A" author="Dunlop, J. A. & Mitov, P. G." box="[754,1129,834,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="63" pagination="347 - 375" refId="ref15864" refString="Dunlop, J. A. & Mitov, P. G. (2009) Fossil harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) from Bitterfeld amber. ZooKeys, 16, 347 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 16.224" type="journal article" year="2009">Dunlop & Mitov (2009: 351–355</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 1–2, 6–8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |