treatments-xml/data/DA/3B/5B/DA3B5BB38F68525382C98C1481F6FA0E.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225233" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-97-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239255" ModsDocID="1314-2003-97-1" checkinTime="1524638383340" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Johnson, David M. &amp; Murray, Nancy A." docDate="2018" docId="DA3B5BB38F68525382C98C1481F6FA0E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 97: 1-252" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 97" docPubDate="2018-04-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" docTitle="Xylopia aurantiiodora De Wildeman &amp; T. Durand, Ann. Mus. Congo, Sér. 2, Bot. 1 (1): 4. 1899." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" masterDocTitle="A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1643467003316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Johnson, David M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Murray, Nancy A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">namurray@owu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2018-04-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number>97</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225233" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA3B5BB38F68525382C98C1481F6FA0E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA3B5BB38F68525382C98C1481F6FA0E" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
5. 
<taxonomicName LSID="DA3B5BB3-8F68-5253-82C9-8C1481F6FA0E" authority="De Wildeman &amp; T. Durand, Ann. Mus. Congo, Ser. 2, Bot. 1 (1): 4. 1899." authorityName="De Wildeman &amp; T. Durand, Ann. Mus. Congo, Sér. 2, Bot. 1 (1): 4. 1899." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aurantiiodora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurantiiodora">
Xylopia aurantiiodora De Wildeman &amp; T. Durand, Ann. Mus. Congo, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sér">Ser</normalizedToken>
. 2, Bot. 1(1): 4. 1899.
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Xylopia quintasii, X. congolensis, and X. aurantiiodora. A-F X. quintasii A Seed, lateral view B Outer petal, adaxial view C Monocarp, lateral view D Flower, lateral view E Inner petal, adaxial view F Leaf G X. congolensis, flower, lateral view. H-K X. aurantiiodora H Leaf I Inner petal, adaxial view showing tooth J Flower, lateral view K Monocarp, attached to pedicel L Outer petal, adaxial view. A, C from Reitsma 1423 (WAG) B, D-F from de Wilde et al. 9156 (WAG) G from Tutin 80 (MO) H, K from Harris 752 (MO) I, J, L from Harris &amp; Fay 1846 (MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199099" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 14H-K</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engler &amp; Diels" authorityYear="1901" baseAuthorityName="De Wild. &amp; T. Durand" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Artabotrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artabotrys aurantiiodorus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurantiiodorus">Artabotrys aurantiiodorus</taxonomicName>
[
<normalizedToken originalValue="“aurantiodorus”">&quot;aurantiodorus&quot;</normalizedToken>
] (De Wildeman &amp; T. Durand) Engler, Monogr. afrik. Pflanzen-Fam. 6: 76. 1901. Type. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO [&quot;Belgian Congo&quot;]. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Équateur">Equateur</normalizedToken>
Province [
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Région">&quot;Region</normalizedToken>
III&quot;], Mbandaka [
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Coquilhatville”">&quot;Coquilhatville&quot;</normalizedToken>
], 24 Jan 1896, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dewèvre">Dewevre</normalizedToken>
660
</emphasis>
(holotype: BR!; isotypes: BR! [8824271, 8824677, 8824684, 8824691]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia bequaertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bequaertii">Xylopia bequaertii</taxonomicName>
[
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bequaerti”">&quot;bequaerti&quot;</normalizedToken>
] De Wildeman, Pl. bequaert. 1: 469-470. 1922. Type. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO [&quot;Belgian Congo&quot;]. Tshopo Province, Kisangani [
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Stanleyville”">&quot;Stanleyville&quot;</normalizedToken>
], bords 
<normalizedToken originalValue="boisés">boises</normalizedToken>
de la Tshopo, 27 Feb 1915, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">J. C. C. Bequaert 6994</emphasis>
(holotype: BR!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Tree or shrub</emphasis>
2-10 m tall, d.b.h. up to 30 cm; bark light colored. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Twigs</emphasis>
brown to gray, glabrous or with sparse hairs 0.2-0.3 mm long, usually marked by two ridges decurrent from each petiole base, epidermis eventually exfoliating. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Leaf</emphasis>
with larger blades 6.3-11.1 cm long, 2.5-4.7 cm wide, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, discolorous, the lower surface tan-colored, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, occasionally oblanceolate or obovate, apex rounded, obtuse, or acute, occasionally emarginate, base cuneate and decurrent, glabrous adaxially, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs abaxially; midrib plane to slightly raised adaxially, raised and somewhat keeled abaxially, secondary veins brochidodromous, 10-14 per side, diverging at 60-70° from the midrib, these and higher-order veins forming a raised reticulum on both surfaces; petiole 2.5-7 mm long, shallowly canaliculate, glabrate or sparsely pubescent. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Inflorescences</emphasis>
axillary, 1-5-flowered, occasionally with two pedicels borne on a common peduncle, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; peduncle 1.5-2.0 mm long; pedicels 3.5-7.1 mm long, 0.5-1.0 mm thick; bracts 2-3, the uppermost often just beneath the sepals, caducous, 1.1-1.5 mm long, semicircular, apex rounded; buds panduriform, apex obtuse. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sepals</emphasis>
free and somewhat imbricate at the base, 1.5-2.1 mm long, 1.9-2.4 mm wide, coriaceous, semicircular to triangular, apex apiculate, pubescent abaxially with hairs extending beyond margins to form cilia. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Petals</emphasis>
white or pale yellow to greenish yellow 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">in vivo</emphasis>
; outer petals erect with the apices slightly spreading at anthesis, 8.9-12 mm long, 2.4-3.5 mm wide, 1.8 mm wide at midpoint, fleshy, ligulate-lanceolate, apex obtuse, pubescent except for glabrous center of basal concavity adaxially, buff-brown pubescent abaxially; inner petals with apices divergent, 9.3-11.2 mm long, 1.2-2.3 mm wide at base, ca. 0.8 mm wide at midpoint, narrowly oblong, apex obtuse, base with differentiated margin, with a truncate tooth 0.8-1.1 mm long overhanging basal concavity, densely puberulent on both surfaces except for the glabrous differentiated margins and basal concavity. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Stamens</emphasis>
40-60; fertile stamens ca. 1.8 mm long, oblong, apex of connective 0.2-0.3 mm long, globose, not overhanging the anther thecae, papillate, anthers 6-8-locellate, filament ca. 0.5 mm long; outer staminodes ca. 1 mm long, broadly clavate, apex rounded, emarginate, or bilobed; inner staminodes absent; staminal cone absent. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Carpels</emphasis>
3-5; ovaries 0.7-1 mm long, globose, pubescent; stigmas discrete, not connivent, 0.6-0.8 mm long, narrowly oblong, glabrous except for fine setae at the apex. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Torus</emphasis>
flat, 1.5-1.8 mm in diameter. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fruit</emphasis>
of up to 3 glabrate monocarps borne on a pedicel 6.5-10 mm long, 1.2-1.8 mm thick, slightly curved, sparsely pubescent to glabrate; torus 2.8-4 mm in diameter, 2-2.5 mm high, depressed-globose. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Monocarps</emphasis>
green 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">in vivo</emphasis>
, 3.3-6.5 cm long, 0.7-0.9 cm wide, 0.7-0.8 cm thick, finger-shaped to narrowly oblong, strongly torulose, apex acute to rostrate, beak up to 5 mm long, base abruptly contracted into a stipe 5.5-9.5 mm long, 2-3 mm thick, wrinkled and somewhat flattened, striate and somewhat shining; pericarp 0.1-0.4 mm thick. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Seeds</emphasis>
1-4 per monocarp, in a single row, parallel or slightly oblique to long axis, 13.3-21 mm long, 5.5-8.3 mm wide, 5.5-7.5 mm thick, narrowly ovoid to oblong, circular to elliptic in cross-section, obliquely truncate at micropylar end, distinctly pointed at the chalazal end, light reddish brown, smooth, raphe/antiraphe not evident, micropylar scar 2.7-4.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, elliptic; sarcotesta absent; aril red 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">in vivo</emphasis>
, orange-brown when dried, fimbriate, extending the length of the seed, membranous, smooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Specimens with flowers have been collected from January to March and from May to November; fruits have been collected in May, June, August, and September.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distributions of Xylopia aurantiiodora, X. congolensis, and X. quintasii. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199100" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">15</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aurantiiodora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurantiiodora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Xylopia aurantiiodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in the Congo River basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the southern Central African Republic, and eastern Cameroon, with disjunct occurrences in the Cabinda Province of Angola and near Lolodorf in southern Cameroon. It grows in riparian forest, on riverbanks, and in inundated forest, from near sea level up to 470 m.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239295" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199100" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Distributions of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aurantiiodora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurantiiodora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Xylopia aurantiiodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. congolensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">X. congolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. quintasii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="quintasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">X. quintasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="local name">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Local name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Gongo-sange (Bangala, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Robyns 465</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Eastern Province, west bank of the Sangha River, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.3833332">02°23'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.166666">16°10'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date value="1988-05-22">22 May 1988</date>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Harris &amp; Fay 752</emphasis>
(K, OWU); 
<collectingRegion country="Cameroon" name="East">Est</collectingRegion>
, west bank of Sangha River opposite Ndakan camp and 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
S, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.35">02°21'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="16.133333">16°08'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date value="1989-02-12">12 Feb 1989</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Harris &amp; Fay 1846</emphasis>
(GH, MO); Mbekou 
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
Moloundou, 
<date value="1949-10-17">17 Oct 1949</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Letouzey SRFK 1374</emphasis>
(P); env. de Lolodorf, 1919 (fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Rouyer s. n.</emphasis>
(L). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<collectingCountry name="Central African Republic">CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion country="Central African Republic" name="Sangha-Mbaere">Sangha-Mbaere</collectingRegion>
, west bank of Sangha River, opposite Bayanga, ca. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
upstream, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.9166667">02°55'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="16.35">16°21'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date value="1991-02-20">20 Feb 1991</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Harris 2750</emphasis>
(OWU); bord. Riv. 
<collectingRegion country="Central African Republic" name="Ouaka">Ouaka</collectingRegion>
[
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Waka”">&quot;Waka&quot;</normalizedToken>
] 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
N Bambari, 
<date value="1923-01-29">
29 
<pageBreakToken pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">Jan</pageBreakToken>
1923
</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Tisserant 936</emphasis>
(BM, P, US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Bas-Uele: Terr. Bambesa, bord de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Uéle">l'Uele</normalizedToken>
, 
<date value="1956-02-20">20 Feb 1956</date>
(st), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gerard 2162</emphasis>
(WAG).-
<normalizedToken originalValue="Équateur">
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Equateur">Equateur</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
: Eala, 
<date value="1933-07-07">7 Jul 1933</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Corbisier-Baland 1687</emphasis>
(BM, K, MO, P, US); Scierie de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Loukoléla">Loukolela</normalizedToken>
, 
<date value="1912-08-26">26 Aug 1912</date>
(st), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Chevalier 28289</emphasis>
(P); Eala, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Couteaux 425</emphasis>
(K, P); Botsima, parc au layon central, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.15">1°09'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="21.95">21°57'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date value="1991-03-28">28 Mar 1991</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dhetchuvi 1067</emphasis>
(BR); District de la Tshuapa [Basankusu, fide 
<bibRefCitation author="Boutique, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'Etat" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="B21" refString="Boutique, R, 1951b. Annonaceae. Pp. 256-389 in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi: Spermatophytes, Volume 2. L'Institut National pour L'Etude Agronomique du Congo Belge, Brussels." title="Annonaceae. Pp. 256 - 389 in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi: Spermatophytes, Volume 2. L'Institut National pour L'Etude Agronomique du Congo Belge, Brussels." year="1951 b">Boutique 1951b</bibRefCitation>
], 
<date value="1934-07">Jul 1934</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dubois 485</emphasis>
(K, MO, P); district de la Tshuapa, 
<date value="1938-08">Aug 1938</date>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dubois 972</emphasis>
(K); Popolo, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="inondée">inondee</normalizedToken>
de la Mongala, 
<date value="1955-08-10">10 Aug 1955</date>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Evrard 1594</emphasis>
(BR); Popolo, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="marécageuse">marecageuse</normalizedToken>
de la Mongala, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Evrard 1658</emphasis>
(P); Territ. Bolomba, R. Busisa or Busira, en amont de Isalo, Oubangui, 
<date value="1958-03-02">2 Mar 1958</date>
(bud), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Evrard 3601</emphasis>
(K); Territ. Monkoto, river Yenge, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
from mouth, 
<date value="1958-08-02">2 Aug 1958</date>
(bud), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Evrard 4431</emphasis>
(K); Territ. Bokota, Watsi Kengo, inundated forest of the Salonga (hautes eaux), 
<date value="1957-11-14">14 Nov 1957</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Evrard 2964</emphasis>
(K); Wangata, 
<date value="1930-08">Aug 1930</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lebrun 922</emphasis>
(A, K, MO, P, PR); entre Eala et Boyeka, rive droite de la Ruki, 
<date value="1925-09-08">8 Sep 1925</date>
(fl, fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Robyns 465</emphasis>
(B, BR-2 sheets, K); environs de Mbandaka [
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Coquilhatville”">&quot;Coquilhatville&quot;</normalizedToken>
], 
<date value="1925-09-15">15 Sep 1925</date>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Robyns 580</emphasis>
(A, B, K-2 sheets, P).-
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Maniema">Maniema</collectingRegion>
: Secteur Bangengele, Parc National 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Proposé">Propose</normalizedToken>
de la Lomami, ca. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" unit="km" value="3.9">3.9 km</quantity>
au NNO de Katopa (en ligne directe) en descendant la 
<normalizedToken originalValue="rivière">riviere</normalizedToken>
Lomami, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-2.7166667">02°43'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="025" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="25.084167">025°05'03&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" unit="m" value="430.0">430 m</quantity>
, 
<date value="2015-05-03">3 May 2015</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gereau et al. 7632</emphasis>
(MO).-Mongala: Monza (village) along the Loika (Itimberi), 
<geoCoordinate degrees="02.0491" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="2.0491">02.0491°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="022.743" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="22.743">022.743°E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" unit="m" value="335.0">335 m</quantity>
, 
<date value="2009-06-30">30 Jun 2009</date>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Stoffelen 453</emphasis>
(MO).-Nord-Ubangi: entre Banzyville et Yakoma (Ubangi), 
<date value="1931-02">Feb 1931</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lebrun 2167</emphasis>
(K, MO, P).-Tshopo: Terr. Isangi, Yangambi, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="île">ile</normalizedToken>
Tutuku, 
<date value="1963-07">Jul 1963</date>
(fl) 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bolema 1192</emphasis>
(K, P, WAG-2 sheets); 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.43333334">0°26'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="25.466667">25°28'E</geoCoordinate>
, Ubundu, rives du fleuve Zaire et 
<normalizedToken originalValue="îles">iles</normalizedToken>
en amont 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ubundu">d'Ubundu</normalizedToken>
, 
<date value="1978-03-12">12 Mar 1978</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lejoly 2915</emphasis>
(BR); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ubundu">d'Ubundu</normalizedToken>
, bord 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’une">d'une</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="île">ile</normalizedToken>
sur le Zaire, 
<date value="1978-03-11">11 Mar 1978</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lisowski 47959</emphasis>
(K); env. de Yangambi, bord du Zaire au pied de la Falaise, 
<date value="1979-04-28">28 Apr 1979</date>
(bud), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lisowski 52352</emphasis>
(K); Yangambi, 
<date value="1937-08-17">
17 Aug 
<pageBreakToken pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">1937</pageBreakToken>
</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Louis 5804</emphasis>
(B, BM, F-2 sheets, K, MO, NY, P, US); Yangambi, 
<date value="1938-02-09">9 Feb 1938</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Louis 7839</emphasis>
(B, K, MO, P, US), Yangambi, 
<date value="1938-03-21">21 Mar 1938</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Louis 8542</emphasis>
(MO); Yangambi, 
<date value="1938-07-28">28 Jul 1938</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Louis 10543</emphasis>
(BM, EA, FI-T, K, P), Yangambi, 
<date value="1938-08-03">3 Aug 1938</date>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Louis 10671</emphasis>
(BM, EA, FI-T, K, P); Yangambi, 
<date value="1938-08-13">13 Aug 1938</date>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Louis 10790</emphasis>
(BM, EA, FI-T, K, P), Yangambi, 
<date value="1939-01-29">29 Jan 1939</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Louis 13464</emphasis>
(BM, K); Yangambi, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="île">ile</normalizedToken>
Tutuku, 
<date value="1939-07-31">31 Jul 1939</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Louis 15674</emphasis>
(K, MO, P, US). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry name="Angola">ANGOLA</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Maiombe, banks of river Luali, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Gossweiler 7168</emphasis>
(BM, COI-00067909); banks of the river Luali at Sera, Maiombe, 
<date value="1917-05-07">7 May 1917</date>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Gossweiler 7169</emphasis>
(BM, COI-0067910); Maiombe Portuguesa, Sera, proximum flumen Luali-Chiloango, 
<date value="1924-06">Jun 1924</date>
(fl, fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Gossweiler 9006</emphasis>
(B, BM, K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aurantiiodora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurantiiodora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Xylopia aurantiiodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. congolensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. congolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. quintasii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="quintasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. quintasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a prominent tooth on the inner surface of the inner petals (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Xylopia quintasii, X. congolensis, and X. aurantiiodora. A-F X. quintasii A Seed, lateral view B Outer petal, adaxial view C Monocarp, lateral view D Flower, lateral view E Inner petal, adaxial view F Leaf G X. congolensis, flower, lateral view. H-K X. aurantiiodora H Leaf I Inner petal, adaxial view showing tooth J Flower, lateral view K Monocarp, attached to pedicel L Outer petal, adaxial view. A, C from Reitsma 1423 (WAG) B, D-F from de Wilde et al. 9156 (WAG) G from Tutin 80 (MO) H, K from Harris 752 (MO) I, J, L from Harris &amp; Fay 1846 (MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199099" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">14I</figureCitation>
), strongly striate monocarps that are acute at the apex, and larger pointed seeds. The tooth of the inner petal is especially useful for identification, because it appears early in petal development and is visible even in young buds. The connivance of the bases of the inner petals is more pronounced in this species than in other species of the genus and is reminiscent of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Artabotrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artabotrys" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Artabotrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; presumably on this basis, 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aurantiiodora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="aurantiiodora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. aurantiiodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was moved to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Artabotrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artabotrys" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Artabotrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Engler, A" journalOrPublisher="Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" refId="B50" refString="Engler, A, Diels, L, 1901. VI. Anonaceae. In: Engler A (Ed.) Monographieen Afrikanischer Pflanzen-Familien und Gattungen. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" title="VI. Anonaceae. In: Engler A (Ed.) Monographieen Afrikanischer Pflanzen-Familien und Gattungen." year="1901">Engler and Diels (1901)</bibRefCitation>
, who erected a special section for it. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia aurantiiodora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurantiiodora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Xylopia aurantiiodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. congolensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. congolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. quintasii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="quintasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. quintasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in both habit and habitat, being a riverine tree reaching only 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
in height, while the other two species are trees of upland forest commonly reaching a height of 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
or more. Associated species of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aurantiiodora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="aurantiiodora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. aurantiiodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mentioned on herbarium labels include 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hook fil" authorityYear="1860" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Irvingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Irvingia smithii" order="Apiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smithii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Irvingia smithii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1868" class="Equisetopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trichilia retusa" order="Sapindales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="retusa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Trichilia retusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baill" authorityYear="1860" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Uapaca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uapaca heudelotii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heudelotii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Uapaca heudelotii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species epithet marks the field observation of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dewèvre">Dewevre</normalizedToken>
that the flowers had the scent of citrus flowers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
We treat 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia bequaertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bequaertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Xylopia bequaertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a taxonomic synonym of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aurantiiodora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="aurantiiodora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. aurantiiodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as previous authors have (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation author="Boutique, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'Etat" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="B21" refString="Boutique, R, 1951b. Annonaceae. Pp. 256-389 in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi: Spermatophytes, Volume 2. L'Institut National pour L'Etude Agronomique du Congo Belge, Brussels." title="Annonaceae. Pp. 256 - 389 in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi: Spermatophytes, Volume 2. L'Institut National pour L'Etude Agronomique du Congo Belge, Brussels." year="1951 b">Boutique 1951b</bibRefCitation>
), observing only that, in his original description of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. bequaertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="bequaertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. bequaertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, De Wildeman (1922) made no mention of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. aurantiiodora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="aurantiiodora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. aurantiiodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but instead contrasted 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. bequaertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="bequaertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. bequaertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. striata" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Engler, drawing attention to floral differences between the two species as well as the larger number of secondary veins in the leaves of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. bequaertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="bequaertii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">X. bequaertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>