161 lines
15 KiB
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161 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A0588734FF2DACCC1811FC95" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura obscurior Heim de Balsac 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="508" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="508" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870285" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0588734FF2DACCC1811FC95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A0588734FF2DACCC1811FC95" lastPageNumber="508" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<heading pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<subSubSection box="[160,256,1931,1977]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[157,1341,1931,2101]" box="[160,256,1931,1977]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<figureCitation box="[160,256,1931,1977]" captionStart="Plate 22: Soricidae" captionStartId="109.[130,160,3101,3122]" captionTargetBox="[11,2738,14,3636]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="305. Negev White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura ramona), 306. Katinka’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura katinka), 307. Jackass White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura arispa), 308. Caspian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura caspica), 309. Iranian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura susiana), 310. Pale Gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pergrisea), 311. Kashmir White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pullata), 312. Cretan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura zimmermanni), 313. Sicilian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura sicula), 314. Canarian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura canariensis), 315. West African Pygmy White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura obscurior), 316. Ivory Coast White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura eburnea), 317. Moonshine White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura luna), 318. Greenwood’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura greenwoodae), 319. Somali Dwarf White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nana), 320. Bekele’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura afeworkbekelei), 321. Yalden’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura yaldeni), 322. Glass’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura glassi), 323. Bale White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura bottegoides), 324. Bailey’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura baileyi), 325. Macmillan’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura macmillani), 326. LLucina’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lucina), 327. Thalia’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura thalia), 328. Guramba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura phaeura), 329. Harenna White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura harenna), 330. Bottego’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura bottegi), 331. Smoky White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fumosa), 332. Zaphiro’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura zaphiri), 333. Ugandan Lowland White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura selina), 334. MacArthur’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura macarthur), 335. Nyiro White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura macowi), 336. Ulumate White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura ultima), 337. Rainey’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura raineyi), 338. East African Highland White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura allex), 339. Xanthippe’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura xantippe), 340. Elgon White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura elgonius), 341. Fischer's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fischeri), 342. Peters’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura gracilipes), 343. Desperate White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura desperata), 344. Telford’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura telfordi), 345. Kilimanjaro White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura monax)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871923/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">315.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[257,1125,1931,1977]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[157,1341,1931,2101]" box="[257,1125,1931,1977]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<vernacularName box="[257,1125,1931,1977]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">West African Pygmy White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[164,530,1974,2016]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[157,1341,1931,2101]" box="[164,530,1974,2016]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1958" box="[164,530,1974,2016]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="112" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurior">
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<emphasis box="[164,530,1974,2016]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Crocidura obscurior</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[157,1341,1931,2101]" box="[159,1340,2034,2055]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,234,2034,2055]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[242,421,2034,2055]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Crocidure obscure</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[441,530,2034,2055]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[536,846,2034,2055]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Westafrika-\WeiRzahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[866,956,2034,2055]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[965,1340,2034,2055]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Musarafia pigmea de Africa occidental</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="112.[157,1341,1931,2101]" box="[158,1008,2074,2095]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,405,2074,2095]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[415,721,2074,2095]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Obscure White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[731,1008,2074,2095]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">West African Pygmy Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[770,1362,2145,2568]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[770,925,2145,2174]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Heim de Balsac, 1958" authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1958" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="112" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bottegi" subSpecies="obscurior">Crocidura bottegi obscurior Heim de Balsac, 1958</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[770,1362,2145,2568]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<materialsCitation country="Guinea-Bissau" location="montane prairie" pageId="112" pageNumber="508" specimenCount="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0588734FF2DACCC1811FC95:B031AD99A0588734FC78A3CA1681F75F" box="[1013,1247,2189,2214]" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="montane prairie" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">montane prairie</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0588734FF2DACCC1811FC95:B031AD99A0588734FB7EA3CA113CF734" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="Mount Nimba" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Mount Nimba</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[883,987,2220,2253]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[770,1362,2145,2568]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">This species previously included C. eburnea but genetic and morphological data have shown that the two are separate, cryptic sister species. They are distinct karyologically, but the chromosomal complementis uncertain: either 2n = 40 and FN = 60, or 2n = 36 and FN = 56, as these two combinations were recorded where this species</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="112.[155,1360,2574,3472]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">and C. eburnea are sympatric, but the identity of the specimens tested is unknown. There seem to be three subclades that may represent distinct subspecies, but further studies are needed. Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871609" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871609/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="508" targetBox="[155,746,2151,2565]" targetPageId="112">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[155,1360,2574,3472]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[157,332,2692,2725]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SE Guinea, E Liberia, S Ivory Coast, and W Ghana; populations ofeither this species, the Ivory Coast White-toothed Shrew (C. eburnea), or both species are found in S Sierra Leone and are included in the range map ofthis species but have not been investigated genetically and could represent either species. There are apparently records that represent this species from S Nigeria, although further research is needed to confirm thatthis speciesis truly found there.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[155,1360,2574,3472]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[156,419,2928,2961]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 45-61 mm, tail 30-38 mm, ear 6-8 mm, hindfoot 9-11 mm; weight 2-5-4-3 g. The West African Pygmy White-toothed Shrew is a very small species with short, soft, dense, velvety pelage. Dorsal pelage is dark brown with a slight rufous tinge and a silky sheen; ventral pelage is grayish brown. Ears are darkly pigmented and covered in very short dark hairs, although appearing naked. Tail is relatively long (c.60-70% of head-body length), covered in long white bristle hairs, and bicolored, being dark brown above and slightly paler below. Braincase is high-domed and first upper incisor is long and hooked; tooth row is longer than in the Ivory Coast White-toothed Shrew. M? is wide; there are three unicuspids.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[155,1360,2574,3472]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,266,3322,3355]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The West African Pygmy White-toothed Shrew is a forest-dwelling species, but it is also recorded from the elevated grassland on Mount Nimba and from the transition zone between rainforests and Guinean savanna at Simandou. It occurs at elevations up to ¢.600 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[1435,2643,291,883]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1438,1707,291,324]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Common prey items found in the stomachs of animals in Ivory Coast were ants (71%), spiders (52-5%), crickets (17%), adult beetles (15-3%), centipedes (11-9%), sowbugs (10-2%), cockroaches (8:5%), heteropterans (7-7%), termites (3-4%), adult lepidopterans (5-1%), and beetle larvae (3-4%). Adult flies, lepidopteran larvae, gastropods, earthworms, some plant material, and grasshoppers also were found in stomach contents but at much lower densities. The species has exceptionally long intestinesforits size.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1438,1810,570,599]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[1435,2643,291,883]" box="[1438,1810,570,599]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1438,1572,570,599]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Breeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[1435,2643,291,883]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1435,1676,611,640]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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West African Pygmy White-toothed Shrews seem to be terrestrial, since much of their prey matches that of other terrestrial species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1437,2376,685,718]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[1435,2643,291,883]" box="[1437,2376,685,718]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1437,2137,685,718]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[1435,2643,291,883]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1437,1788,725,758]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The West African Pygmy White-toothed Shrew is common throughoutits extensive range but may be locally threatened by logging operations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1438,2639,851,876]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="112.[1435,2643,291,883]" box="[1438,2639,851,876]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1438,1587,851,876]" pageId="112" pageNumber="508">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Churchfield et al. (2004), Hutterer (2013r), Jacquet et al. (2014), Nicolas, Dando & Kennerley (2017).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |