175 lines
16 KiB
XML
175 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A03C8750FAFDA8FB17B2F447" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sorex nanus Merriam 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="413" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="413" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6869696" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6869696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A03C8750FAFDA8FB17B2F447" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A03C8750FAFDA8FB17B2F447" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<heading pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<subSubSection box="[1392,1449,956,998]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1390,2430,956,1078]" box="[1392,1449,956,998]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<figureCitation box="[1392,1449,956,998]" captionStart="Plate 15: Soricidae" captionStartId="2.[139,168,3219,3244]" captionTargetBox="[12,2756,14,3635]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="0. Radde’s Shrew (Sorex raddei), 1. Alpine Shrew (Sorex alpinus), 2. Ussuri Shrew (Sorex mwrabilis), 3. Chinese Highland Shrew (Sorex excelsus), 4. Greater Striped Shrew (Sorex cylindricauda), 5. Lesser Striped Shrew (Sorex bedfordiae), 7. Flat-skulled Shrew (Sorex roboratus), 8. Eurasian Least Shrew (Sorex munutissimus), 9. Azumi Shrew (Sorex hosonoi), 10. Slender Shrew (Sorex gracillimus), 11. Laxmann’s Shrew (Sorex caecutiens), 12. Shinto Shrew (Sorex shinto), 13. Taiga Shrew (Sorex isodon), 14. Long-clawed Shrew (Sorex unguiculatus), 15. Chinese Shrew (Sorex sinalis), 16. Common Shrew (Sorex araneus), 17. Iberian Shrew (Sorex granarius), 18. Valais Shrew (Sorex antinorn), 19. Crowned Shrew (Sorex coronatus), 20. Caucasian Shrew (Sorex satunin), 21. Siberian Large-toothed Shrew (Sorex daphaenodon), 22. Gansu Shrew (Sorex cansulus), 23. Tundra Shrew (Sorex tundrensis), 24. Tian Shan Shrew (Sorex asper), 25. Apennine Shrew (Sorex samniticus), 26. Arctic Shrew (Sorex arcticus), 27. Maritime Shrew (Sorex maritimensis), 28. Eurasian Pygmy Shrew (Sorex minutus), 29. Caucasian Pygmy Shrew (Sorex volnuchini), 30. Buchara Shrew (Sorex buchariensis), 31. Tibetan Shrew (Sorex thibetanus), 32. Kashmir Shrew (Sorex planiceps), 33. Trowbridge’s Shrew (Sorex trowbridgu), 34. Arizona Shrew (Sorex arizonae), 35. Merriam’s Shrew (Sorex merriami), 36. Alto Shrew (Sorex altoensis), 37. Jalisco Shrew (Sorex mediopua), 38. Saussure’s Shrew (Sorex saussurei), 39. San Cristobal Shrew (Sorex cristobalensis), 40. McCarthy's Shrew (Sorex mccarthyi), 41. Salvin’s Shrew (Sorex salvini), 42. Sclater’s Shrew (Sorex sclateri), 43. Pale-toothed Shrew (Sorex stizodon)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6870999/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">53.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1466,1734,956,998]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1390,2430,956,1078]" box="[1466,1734,956,998]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<vernacularName box="[1466,1734,956,998]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Dwarf Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1785,2015,956,998]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1390,2430,956,1078]" box="[1785,2015,956,998]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" box="[1785,2015,956,998]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanus">
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<emphasis box="[1785,2015,956,998]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Sorex nanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1390,2430,956,1078]" box="[1391,2428,1014,1035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1391,1467,1014,1035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1477,1654,1014,1035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Musaraigne naine</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1675,1766,1014,1035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1772,2142,1014,1035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">\Westamerikanische Zwergspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2163,2254,1014,1035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2264,2428,1014,1035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Musarana enana</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1390,2430,956,1078]" box="[1391,1950,1055,1076]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1391,1638,1055,1076]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1648,1950,1055,1076]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Rocky Mountain Dwarf Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[2003,2599,1127,1545]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2003,2159,1127,1152]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Merriam, 1895" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tenellus" subSpecies="nanus">Sorex tenellus nanus Merriam, 1895</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[2003,2599,1127,1545]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<materialsCitation country="United States of America" county="Larimer Co." location="Estes Park" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colorado">
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“
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A03C8750FAFDA8FB17B2F447:B031AD99A03C8750F7B3AFC81A86FB51" box="[2110,2264,1167,1192]" country="United States of America" county="Larimer Co." name="Estes Park" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" stateProvince="Colorado">Estes Park</location>
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[
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<collectingCounty box="[2295,2485,1167,1192]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Larimer Co.</collectingCounty>
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],
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingCountry box="[2099,2165,1207,1232]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">USA</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[2003,2599,1127,1545]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" box="[2006,2160,1237,1270]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanus">Sorex nanus</taxonomicName>
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is closest to S.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" box="[2362,2456,1237,1270]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenellus">tenellus</taxonomicName>
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, and both are in the S.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1892" box="[2185,2299,1276,1309]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oreopolus">oreopolus</taxonomicName>
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group and subgenus Otisorex. Although S.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" box="[2310,2404,1316,1349]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenellus">tenellus</taxonomicName>
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and S.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" box="[2518,2599,1316,1349]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanus">nanus</taxonomicName>
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are similar and once considered conspecific, they are morphologically distinguishable and distinct based on allozyme frequencies. They seem to have only recently diverged, but their specific status needs
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1393,2603,1553,3006]" box="[1393,2398,1553,1586]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">additional assessment with genetic nd morphometric data. Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870974" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6870974/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" targetBox="[1389,1980,1130,1543]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1393,2603,1553,3006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1393,1569,1593,1626]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Distribution.</emphasis>
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WC USA from Montana S through Wyoming, SW South Dakota, extreme NW Nebraska, Utah, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico; probably SE Idaho as well.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1393,2603,1553,3006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1393,1642,1710,1743]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 50-60 mm, tail 27-45 mm, hindfoot 10-11 mm; weight 2-4 g. The Dwarf Shrew is very small, similar to the Inyo Shrew (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" box="[2291,2420,1755,1784]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenellus">S. tenellus</taxonomicName>
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) but smaller in size with proportionally shortertail. Dorsal pelage is pale gray, with brownish wash; venteris silvery gray. Winter pelageis lighter than summer pelage. Feet are pale; ears are rounded and small. Tail is ¢.60-75% of head-body length and bicolored, being pale brown above and paler below, with small blackish tuft at tip. Teeth are pigmented dark red. There are five unicuspids,third is smaller than first, second, and fourth, and fifth is significantly smaller than the rest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1393,2603,1553,3006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1394,1506,2026,2059]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Various alpine habitats including rocky areas of alpine tundra, sedge marshes, subalpine meadows, dry brushy slopes,arid shortgrass prairies, dry stubble fields, and pinyon-juniper woodlands. Dwarf Shrews most often occur in high-elevation open areas, although they occasionally occur in subalpine coniferous forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1393,2603,1553,3006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1395,1674,2184,2217]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Dwarf Shrews primarily eat rock-dwelling small invertebrates (worms,snails, centipedes, insects, spiders), especially soft-bodied spiders and insects. They also eat carcasses of small vertebrates (e.g. mice and other shrews), salamanders, and some plant material on rare occasions. They are known to cache extra prey to eat later.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1393,2603,1553,3006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1395,1530,2380,2413]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Although breeding season of Dwarf Shrews is not completely known, they seem to begin breeding in June because first litter is generally produced in late July or early August. Dwarf Shrews might breed earlier and have more offspring at lower elevations. Two litters, sometimes three, are produced each year, with second appearing around late August or early September. Litters have 4-8 young (average c.6-5).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1395,2535,2577,2610]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1393,2603,1553,3006]" box="[1395,2535,2577,2610]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1395,1629,2577,2610]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Dwarf Shrews seem to be active day and nightlike other shrews.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1393,2603,1553,3006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1396,2115,2616,2649]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Dwarf Shrews are solitary except when breeding and rearing young.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1393,2603,1553,3006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1745,2695,2728]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Dwarf Shrew has a wide distribution and does not seem to have any major threats; however, because of their high-elevation lifestyle, they might be affected by global climate change. They have been considered rare, although this could be due to difficulty in capturing them.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="413" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="20.[1393,2603,1553,3006]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1551,2900,2925]" pageId="20" pageNumber="413">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Backlund (1995), Berna (1990), Brown (1967), Cassola (2016p), Clark & Stromberg (1987), George (1988, 1990), Hafner & Stahlecker (2002), Hoffmann & Owen (1980), MacCracken et al. (1985), Thompson (1977).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |