181 lines
17 KiB
XML
181 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A0358759FF25AA5B11D1F68B" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sorex navigator" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="422" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="422" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6869750" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6869750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0358759FF25AA5B11D1F68B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A0358759FF25AA5B11D1F68B" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<heading pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<subSubSection box="[168,224,284,330]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[165,1250,284,374]" box="[168,224,284,330]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<figureCitation box="[168,224,284,330]" captionStart="Plate 15: Soricidae" captionStartId="2.[139,168,3219,3244]" captionTargetBox="[12,2756,14,3635]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="0. Radde’s Shrew (Sorex raddei), 1. Alpine Shrew (Sorex alpinus), 2. Ussuri Shrew (Sorex mwrabilis), 3. Chinese Highland Shrew (Sorex excelsus), 4. Greater Striped Shrew (Sorex cylindricauda), 5. Lesser Striped Shrew (Sorex bedfordiae), 7. Flat-skulled Shrew (Sorex roboratus), 8. Eurasian Least Shrew (Sorex munutissimus), 9. Azumi Shrew (Sorex hosonoi), 10. Slender Shrew (Sorex gracillimus), 11. Laxmann’s Shrew (Sorex caecutiens), 12. Shinto Shrew (Sorex shinto), 13. Taiga Shrew (Sorex isodon), 14. Long-clawed Shrew (Sorex unguiculatus), 15. Chinese Shrew (Sorex sinalis), 16. Common Shrew (Sorex araneus), 17. Iberian Shrew (Sorex granarius), 18. Valais Shrew (Sorex antinorn), 19. Crowned Shrew (Sorex coronatus), 20. Caucasian Shrew (Sorex satunin), 21. Siberian Large-toothed Shrew (Sorex daphaenodon), 22. Gansu Shrew (Sorex cansulus), 23. Tundra Shrew (Sorex tundrensis), 24. Tian Shan Shrew (Sorex asper), 25. Apennine Shrew (Sorex samniticus), 26. Arctic Shrew (Sorex arcticus), 27. Maritime Shrew (Sorex maritimensis), 28. Eurasian Pygmy Shrew (Sorex minutus), 29. Caucasian Pygmy Shrew (Sorex volnuchini), 30. Buchara Shrew (Sorex buchariensis), 31. Tibetan Shrew (Sorex thibetanus), 32. Kashmir Shrew (Sorex planiceps), 33. Trowbridge’s Shrew (Sorex trowbridgu), 34. Arizona Shrew (Sorex arizonae), 35. Merriam’s Shrew (Sorex merriami), 36. Alto Shrew (Sorex altoensis), 37. Jalisco Shrew (Sorex mediopua), 38. Saussure’s Shrew (Sorex saussurei), 39. San Cristobal Shrew (Sorex cristobalensis), 40. McCarthy's Shrew (Sorex mccarthyi), 41. Salvin’s Shrew (Sorex salvini), 42. Sclater’s Shrew (Sorex sclateri), 43. Pale-toothed Shrew (Sorex stizodon)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6870999/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">78.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[239,689,284,330]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[165,1250,284,374]" box="[239,689,284,330]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<vernacularName box="[239,689,284,330]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Western Water Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[740,1034,284,330]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[165,1250,284,374]" box="[740,1034,284,330]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Baird" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[740,1034,284,330]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="navigator">
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<emphasis box="[740,1034,284,330]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Sorex navigator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[167,1249,348,369]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[165,1250,284,374]" box="[167,1249,348,369]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[167,242,348,369]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[252,525,348,369]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Musaraigne de Washington</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[546,637,348,369]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[644,926,348,369]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Westliche Wasserspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[946,1037,348,369]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1048,1249,348,369]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Musgano occidental</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[780,1369,415,448]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[780,1372,415,842]" box="[780,1369,415,448]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[780,935,415,448]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Baird, 1858" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1858" box="[949,1364,415,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Neosorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="navigator">Neosorex navigator Baird, 1858</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[780,1372,415,842]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<materialsCitation country="United States of America" location="Fort Vancouver, W. T." pageId="29" pageNumber="422" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington">
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“
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0358759FF25AA5B11D1F68B:B031AD99A0358759FC95AA88161CFE11" box="[792,1090,463,488]" country="United States of America" name="Fort Vancouver, W. T." pageId="29" pageNumber="422" stateProvince="Washington">Fort Vancouver, W. T.</location>
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[= Washington Territory],”
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<collectingRegion box="[901,1071,494,527]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Washington</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1088,1153,494,527]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">USA</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[780,1372,415,842]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<taxonomicName box="[782,984,534,567]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sorex navigator</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Richardson" authorityYear="1828" box="[1128,1274,534,567]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">S. palustris</taxonomicName>
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group and subgenus Ofisorex; it is sister to S. bendiru. It was previously included in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Richardson" authorityYear="1828" box="[1224,1364,613,646]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">S. palustris</taxonomicName>
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, although genetic and morphometric studies have justified its distinct status. There is apparent hybridization between it and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Richardson" authorityYear="1828" box="[781,925,771,804]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">S. palustris</taxonomicName>
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where their distributions meet in Alberta and British Columbia. Distribu-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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tional limits between the two species are uncertain, and additional studies are needed. Distributional limits between
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Richardson" authorityYear="1828" box="[590,733,888,921]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">S. palustris</taxonomicName>
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and S. navigator are still very uncertain, and because of this, much of the ecological data cannot be reliably attributed to one species. Thus, all ecological data for S. albibarbis, S. navigator, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Richardson" authorityYear="1828" box="[1030,1170,967,1000]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">S. palustris</taxonomicName>
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are presented under
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Richardson" authorityYear="1828" box="[261,403,1005,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">S. palustris</taxonomicName>
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here. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871038/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" targetBox="[164,756,423,837]" targetPageId="29">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" box="[165,565,1044,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[165,565,1044,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<taxonomicName authority="Baird, 1858" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1858" box="[166,528,1085,1118]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="navigator" subSpecies="navigator">S.n.navigatorBaird,1858—NorthAmericanCordilleraandWesternCoastalRegionsinSAlaska,WCanada,andWUSA;specificdistributionuncertain.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" box="[166,1039,1168,1197]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<taxonomicName authority="R. M. Anderson, 1934" authorityName="R. M. Anderson" authorityYear="1934" box="[166,633,1168,1197]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="navigator" subSpecies="brooksi">S. n. brooksi R. M. Anderson, 1934</taxonomicName>
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— Vancouver I (SW Canada).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,408,1211,1236]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 56-85 mm, tail 62-79 mm, hindfoot 17-20-5 mm; weight 6-5-21-5 g. The Western Water Shrew is a large semi-aquatic shrew, very similar to the American Water Shrew (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Richardson" authorityYear="1828" box="[508,654,1282,1315]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">S. palustris</taxonomicName>
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), although it is smaller in size on average and has a longertail. Pelage is highly variable; dorsum is generally blackish brown and occasionally flecked with white, giving it grizzled appearance. Venteris silvery white to buffy brown. Occasionally, there is a nearly all blackish form, with lighter throat and chest, although this is rare. Feet are large and broad, and hindfeet are partially webbed and have small white hairs protruding on their sides. Tail is long, somewhat laterally flattened, and bicolored, being dark blackish brown above and lighter below, with small tip of fur at end. Skull has relatively longer unicuspid toothrow, smaller first unicuspid, and longer rostrum compared with the American Water Shrew. Teeth are pigmented dark red. There are five unicuspids, third is smaller than fourth, and fifth is much smaller.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,274,1676,1709]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Around streams, ponds, lakes, swamps, marshes, and bogs. Western Water Shrews are most common around small, fast-moving streams surrounded by dense overhanging riparian vegetation and rocks. Although they are most commonly associated with water, individuals have been captured far from water sources, which probably represents dispersing individuals.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,424,1872,1905]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diets of Western Water Shrews are probably similar to those of the American Water Shrew.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,297,1952,1985]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproduction of the Western Water Shrew is probably similar to that of the American Water Shrew.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[161,398,2034,2063]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Western Water Shrews are semi-aquatic, with activity patterns probably similar to those of the American Water Shrew.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,869,2109,2142]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Western Water Shrew is probably similar to the American Water Shrew.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,509,2188,2221]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Western Water Shrew is common and widespread, butit is threatened by localized habitat destruction and water pollution.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="422" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="29.[161,1370,848,2418]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,316,2315,2340]" pageId="29" pageNumber="422">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Beneski & Stinson (1987), Brown (1967), Catania (2006), Conaway (1952), Conaway & Pfitzer (1952), Cook et al. (1997), Craig et al. (2001), Gusztak & Campbell (2004), Himes & Kenagy (2010), Hope et al. (2014), Mycroft et al. (2011), Nagorsen et al. (2017), Sorenson (1962).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |