170 lines
18 KiB
XML
170 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A016877AFF0FA1971B2EF46F" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Neomys fodiens" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="457" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="457" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6869966" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6869966" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A016877AFF0FA1971B2EF46F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A016877AFF0FA1971B2EF46F" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<heading pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<subSubSection box="[130,210,2768,2814]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[125,1030,2768,2893]" box="[130,210,2768,2814]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<figureCitation box="[130,210,2768,2814]" captionStart="Plate 18: Soricidae" captionStartId="48.[122,151,3054,3079]" captionTargetBox="[12,2744,15,3636]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="136. Elliot’s Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina hulophaga), 137. Northern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicaudus), 138. Southern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina carolinensis), 139. Everglades Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina peninsulae), 140. Sherman’s Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina shermani), 141. Sichuan Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella quadraticauda), 142. Burmese Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella wardi), 143. Indochinese Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella griselda), 144. Chinese Mole Shrew (Anourosorex squamaipes), 145. Taiwanese Mole Shrew (Anowrosorex yamashinai), 146. Assam Mole Shrew (Anowrosorex assamensis), 147. Giant Mole Shrew (Anourosorex schmid), 148. Desert Gray Shrew (Notiosorex crawfordi), 149. Cockrum’s Gray Shrew (Notiosorex cockrumi), 150. Large-eared Gray Shrew (Notiosorex evolis), 151. Villa’s Gray Shrew (Notiosorex villa), 152. Mexican Shrew (Megasorex gigas), 153. Taiwanese Brown-toothed (Shrew Epusoriculusfumidus), 154. Arboreal Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus macrurus), 155. Bailey's Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus baileyi), 156. Long-tailed Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus leucops), 157. Hodgson’s Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus caudatus), 158. Sichuan Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus sacratus), 159. Hidden Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus umbrinus), 160. Nepalese Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus soluensis), 161. Himalayan Shrew (Soriculus nigrescens), 162. De Winton’s Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa hypsibia), 163. Pygmy Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa parva), 164. Smith’s Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa smithii), 165. Salenski’s Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa salenskii), 166. Dusky Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa furva), 167. Lesser Taiwanese Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa sodalis), 168. Van Sung’s Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa caovansunga), 169. Hoffmann’s Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa hoffmanni), 170. Lowe’s Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa parca), 171. Bornean Water Shrew (Chimarrogale phaeura), 172. Sumatran Water Shrew (Chimarrogale sumatrana), 173. Malayan Water Shrew (Chimarrogale hantu), 174. Chinese Water Shrew (Chimarrogale styani), 175. Himalayan Water Shrew (Chimarrogale himalayica), 176. Leander’s Water Shrew (Chimarrogale leander), 177. Japanese Water Shrew (Chimarrogale platycephala), 178. Elegant Water Shrew (Nectogale elegans), 179. Mediterranean Water Shrew (Neomys anomalus), 180. Transcaucasian Water (Shrew Neomysteres), 181. Eurasian Water Shrew (Neomys fodiens)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871913/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">181.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[227,686,2768,2814]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[125,1030,2768,2893]" box="[227,686,2768,2814]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<vernacularName box="[227,686,2768,2814]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Eurasian Water Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[756,1019,2768,2814]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[125,1030,2768,2893]" box="[756,1019,2768,2814]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pennant" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[756,1019,2768,2814]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Neomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fodiens">
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<emphasis box="[756,1019,2768,2814]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Neomys fodiens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[125,1030,2768,2893]" box="[127,1029,2832,2853]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,203,2832,2853]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[211,411,2832,2853]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Crossope aquatique</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[431,522,2832,2853]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[528,706,2832,2853]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">\Wasserspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[727,818,2832,2853]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[828,1029,2832,2853]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Musgano patiblanco</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="62.[125,1030,2768,2893]" box="[127,750,2872,2893]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,373,2872,2893]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[383,608,2872,2893]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Northern Water Shrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[619,750,2872,2893]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Water Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[126,672,2942,2971]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[125,922,2942,2978]" box="[126,672,2942,2971]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,282,2942,2971]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1771" box="[294,668,2942,2971]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fodiens">Sorex fodiens Pennant, 1771</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[125,922,2942,2978]" box="[684,921,2942,2971]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<materialsCitation box="[684,921,2942,2971]" country="Germany" location="Berlin" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Berlin">
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<collectingRegion box="[684,772,2942,2971]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Berlin</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[788,917,2942,2971]" name="Germany" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Germany</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="62.[2005,2598,291,717]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Subspecies niethammeri in north-western Spain is morphologically distinct from other populations and may warrant species status. Further taxonomic research is needed. Four subspecies recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871269/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" targetBox="[1390,1981,301,714]" targetPageId="62">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[2005,2598,291,717]" box="[2005,2406,488,521]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2005,2406,488,521]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="62.[2005,2598,291,717]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<taxonomicName authority="Pennant, 1771" authorityName="Pennant" authorityYear="1771" baseAuthorityName="Pennant" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[2006,2370,527,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Neomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fodiens" subSpecies="fodiens">N.f.fodiensPennant,1771—fromAtlanticcoastofcontinentalEuropeEtoObRiverandAltaisteppes(WSiberia).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="62.[2005,2598,291,717]" box="[2006,2580,645,678]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<taxonomicName authority="G. Shaw, 1791" authorityName="G. Shaw" authorityYear="1791" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[2006,2352,645,678]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Neomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fodiens" subSpecies="bicolor">N.f.bicolorG.Shaw,1791—GreatBritain.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="62.[2005,2598,291,717]" box="[2006,2571,684,717]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<taxonomicName authority="Buhler, 1963" authorityName="Buhler" authorityYear="1963" box="[2006,2418,684,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Neomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fodiens" subSpecies="niethammeri">N.f.niethammeriBuhler,1963—NSpain.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1394,2609,725,2966]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1914" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[1395,1762,725,758]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" form="orientis" genus="Neomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="form" species="fodiens" subSpecies="orientis">N. f. orientis Thomas, 1914</taxonomicName>
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— from Ob River and Altai steppes (W Siberia) E to Pacific coast.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1394,2609,725,2966]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1394,1641,804,837]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 75-103 mm,tail 58-73 mm, hindfoot 16-21 mm; weight 8-5-25 g. The Eurasian Water Shrew is large. Keel occurs along entire length oftail, and swimming borders on feet are well formed with long stiff hairs. Tail is usually longer than 65% of head-body length. Pelage is relatively short. Back and sides are black-brown or black, sometimes with weak grayish tint. Belly is silvery gray, sometimes with brownish tint. White spot behind eye is commonly distinct. Dark spot is occasionally found on chest and chin, varying in shape and size. Tail is bicolored, with dark color of back above contrasting with silvery gray of belly below. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 52 and FN = 98. X-chromosomeis large subtelocentric, Y-chromosome is small subtelocentric. There are 44 metacentric and submetacentric autosomes and SIX acrocentric autosomes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1394,2609,725,2966]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1395,1507,1237,1270]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Forest zone and foreststeppe and forest-tundra neighboring subzones. The Eurasian Water Shrew avoids extended wooded areas, especially coniferous forests with well-developed moss layer. It inhabits banks of streams and stagnant waters; riverside meadows with quiet pools or other regions of low water velocity are preferred. It is occasionally found far from the water, usually at sites with tall grasses, especially in desolated vegetable gardens or settlements.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1394,2609,725,2966]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1396,1659,1474,1507]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Eurasian Water Shrew eats terrestrial and water invertebrates, the latter prevailing in the diet. Isopods (Asellus), caddis worms, and larvae of various dipterans are most common dietary components among water invertebrates. Earthworms, mollusks, and various beetles are preferred among terrestrial invertebrates. Vertebrates (fish fry, tadpoles, and young frogs) are regularly found in diets, but their overall contribution is insignificant. The Eurasian Water Shrew dives to catch water invertebrates, occasionally reaching depths of 50-70 cm. Saliva enzymes exert a paralytic effect and serve to immobilize prey.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1394,2609,725,2966]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1539,1789,1822]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Breeding season of the Eurasian Water Shrew lasts throughout the warm period of the year (e.g. April-September in England), but most young are born in summer. Gestation averages 20 days; litters usually have 5-8 young, although captures of pregnant females with 15 embryos are known. Nests are built in hollows between plant roots, driftwood along banks, and rodent burrows. Nests are constructed with plant debris. There is evidence that longevity can occasionally reach 19 months in the wild (i.e. capable of overwintering twice). This feature distinguishes the Eurasian Water Shrew from other shrews, such as those of the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[1736,1807,2104,2137]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="62" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sorex</taxonomicName>
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. Nevertheless, such cases seem to be extremely rare because long-term observations of many marked Eurasian Water Shrews in southern England showed that they all died after the end of a breeding season and first overwintering. Eurasian Water Shrews can live up to 3-4 years in laboratory conditions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1394,2609,725,2966]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1638,2301,2334]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Eurasian Water Shrew is semi-aquatic. Activity occurs almost around the clock, most often peaking during dark hours. Maximal activity is observed before sunrise and after sunset. Time spent in nests in winter is generally longer than In summer.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1394,2609,725,2966]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,2112,2463,2492]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Eurasian Water Shrew is solitary and promiscuous. Shifting home ranges are characteristic ofits spatial organization; i.e. home range of an individual shifts during its life following a shift in vital resources, such as when the water’s edge moves as a water body dries out.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1394,2609,725,2966]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1750,2617,2650]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Eurasian Water Shrew is generally low in abundance, although it is common in favorable habitats and is occasionally codominant in the community of small mammals in Barabinsk Lowland in western Siberia. The Eurasian Water Shrew is on the Red Lists of Latvia, Kyrgyzstan, and 17 regions of the Russian Federation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="457" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="62.[1394,2609,725,2966]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1402,1554,2822,2847]" pageId="62" pageNumber="457">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Aloise et al. (2005), Cantoni (1993), Churchfield (1984a, 1984b, 1990), Dehnel (1950), Kalyakin (1985), Kowalski & Rychlik (2018), Lopez-Fuster et al. (1990), Maksimov (1959), Nesterenko (1999), Okhotina (1984), Reimers & Voronov (1963), Revin (1989), Rychlik (1998), Sheftel (1983), Spitzenberger (1990c), Volpert & Danilov (1999), Won Chang-Man & Smith (1999), Yanushevich et al. (1972), Zima et al. (1998).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |