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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A00B8760FAF6A2991741FB02" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Cryptotis nigrescens" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="430" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="429" updateTime="1658509080743" updateUser="tatiana">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>332</mods:start>
<mods:end>551</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6869789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6869789" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A00B8760FAF6A2991741FB02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A00B8760FAF6A2991741FB02" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">
<heading pageId="35" pageNumber="429">
<subSubSection box="[1403,1460,2526,2572]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1401,2598,2526,2616]" box="[1403,1460,2526,2572]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">
<figureCitation box="[1403,1460,2526,2572]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="33.[127,157,3021,3046]" captionTargetBox="[1398,1989,2508,2923]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="On following pages: 90. Grizzled Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis obscurus); 91. Phillips's Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis phillipsii); 92. Eastern Cordillera Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis brachyonyx); 93. Colombian Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis colombianus); 94. Honduran Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis hondurensis); 95. Darien Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis merus); 96. Blackish Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis nigrescens); 97. Lacandona Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis lacandonensis); 98. Yucatan Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis mayensis); 99. Merriam's Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis merriami); 100. Berlandiers Least Shrew (Cryptotis berlandieri); 101. Central American Least Shrew (Cryptotis orophilus); 102. North American Least Shrew (Cryptotis parvus); 103. Puebla Least Shrew (Cryptotis pueblensis); 104. Mexican Least Shrew (Cryptotis soricinus); 105. Tropical Least Shrew (Cryptotis tropicalis); 106. Popocatepetl Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis alticola); 107. Goldman's Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis goldmani); 108. Oaxacan Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis peregrinus); 109. Talamancan Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis gracilis); 110. Santa Barbara Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis cavatorculus); 111. Celaque Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis celague); 112. Dark Mexican Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis griseoventris); 113. Omoa Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis mccarthy); 114. Muscular Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis lacertosus); 115. Honduran Broad-Clawed Shrew (Cryptotis magnimana); 116. Mam Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis mam); 117. Goodwin's Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis goodwini); 118. Highland Broad-clawed Shrew (Cryptotis oreoryctes); 119. Monteverde Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis monteverdensis); 120. Enderss Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis endersi); 121. Aroa Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis aroensis); 122. Thomas's Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis thomasi); 123. Dinira Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis dinirensis), 124. Venezuelan Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis venezuelensis), 125. Merida Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis meridensis); 126. Tama Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis tamensis); 127. Perija Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis perijensis); 128. Medellin Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis medellinius); 129. Western Colombian Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis squamipes); 130. Ecuadorean Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis equatoris); 131. Osgood's Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis osgoodi); 132. Wandering Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis montivagus); 133. Blind Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis niausa); 134. Evaristo's Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis evaristoi); 135. Peruvian Small-eared Shrew (Cryptotis peruviensis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871911/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">96.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1478,2051,2526,2572]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1401,2598,2526,2616]" box="[1478,2051,2526,2572]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">
<vernacularName box="[1478,2051,2526,2572]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">Blackish Small-eared Shrew</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[2121,2467,2526,2572]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1401,2598,2526,2616]" box="[2121,2467,2526,2572]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[2121,2467,2526,2572]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis box="[2121,2467,2526,2572]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">Cryptotis nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1403,2597,2590,2611]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1401,2598,2526,2616]" box="[1403,2597,2590,2611]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1403,1477,2590,2611]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[1486,1655,2590,2611]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">Musaraigne noire</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1676,1765,2590,2611]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[1774,2087,2590,2611]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">Schwarzliche Kleinohrspitzmaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2107,2197,2590,2611]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[2207,2597,2590,2611]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">Musarana de orejas pequenas negruzca</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</heading>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="429" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="35.[2014,2611,2660,3082]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2015,2170,2660,2689]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens" subGenus="Soriciscus">Blarina (Soriciscus) nigrescens J. A. Allen, 1895</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="429" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="35.[2014,2611,2660,3082]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">
<materialsCitation country="Costa Rica" location="San Isidro" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A00B8760FAF6A2991741FB02:B031AD99A00B8767F731A1C81B17F551" box="[2236,2377,2703,2728]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Isidro" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" stateProvince="San Jose">San Isidro</location>
(
<collectingRegion box="[2398,2514,2703,2728]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">San José</collectingRegion>
[Province]),
<collectingCountry box="[2121,2272,2743,2768]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.”
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="429" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="35.[2014,2611,2660,3082]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[2018,2272,2778,2807]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Cryptotis nigrescens</taxonomicName>
is in the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[2439,2609,2778,2807]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">C. nigrescens</taxonomicName>
group and previously included many of the currently recognized species of Neotropical
<taxonomicName box="[2143,2253,2891,2924]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptotis</taxonomicName>
as synonyms or subspecies. A. B. Baird and colleagues in 2018 found that
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[2190,2357,2970,3003]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">C. nigrescens</taxonomicName>
was basal to the rest of the sequenced species in the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">C. nigrescens</taxonomicName>
group (C. lacandonensis, C. mayen-
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="35.[1404,2610,3089,3476]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">
sis, and a paraphyletic
<taxonomicName authorityName="Choate" authorityYear="1970" box="[1737,1891,3089,3122]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merriami">C. merriami</taxonomicName>
) and determined that the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[2288,2453,3089,3122]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">C. nigrescens</taxonomicName>
group was sister to a clade including the C. parvus group,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[2107,2266,3128,3161]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldmani">C. goldmani</taxonomicName>
group, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jackson" authorityYear="1933" box="[2456,2610,3128,3161]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goodwini">C. goodwini</taxonomicName>
group, with the C. mexicanus group being the most basal lineage in Cryplotis. The
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">C. nigrescens</taxonomicName>
group also includes
<taxonomicName authorityName="Woodman" authorityYear="2003" box="[1798,1974,3212,3241]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyonyx">C. brachyonyx</taxonomicName>
, C. colombianus,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Woodman &amp; Timm" authorityYear="1992" box="[2205,2394,3212,3241]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hondurensis">C. hondurensis</taxonomicName>
, C. merus, C. lacandonensis,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1576,1723,3255,3280]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mayensis">C. mayensis</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Choate" authorityYear="1970" box="[1801,1950,3255,3280]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merriami">C. merriami</taxonomicName>
, but in another recent study by H. Zeballos and colleagues in 2018, C. niausa was sister to the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[2069,2233,3285,3318]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">C. nigrescens</taxonomicName>
group even though it was morphologically in the C. thomas: group. In the same study, the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[2320,2456,3325,3358]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomasi">C. thomasi</taxonomicName>
group was sister to the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1579,1740,3364,3397]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">C. nigrescens</taxonomicName>
group, although additional sampling from all species in both groupsis needed to clarify these relationships. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1404,2158,3443,3476]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" type="distribution">
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871084" box="[1404,2158,3443,3476]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871084/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="429" targetBox="[1400,1992,2667,3081]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1404,2610,3089,3476]" box="[1404,2158,3443,3476]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1404,1580,3443,3476]" pageId="35" pageNumber="429">Distribution.</emphasis>
Highlands of Costa Rica and W Panama.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="430" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="36.[160,1371,302,1277]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,409,304,329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 55-83 mm, tail 19-37 mm, hindfoot 13-14 mm; weight 5-8 g. The Blackish Small-eared Shrew is mid-sized to large, with relatively short and broad snout. Dorsum is dark brownish black, occasionally sprinkled with paler hairs, and venter is slightly paler charcoal gray. Feet are small and slim, with tiny claws, and dusky in color. Tail is short (c.40% of head-body length), covered with short hair, and blackish. Eyes are diminutive, and ears are small and barely visible under fur. Typical of the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Cryptotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">C. nigrescens</taxonomicName>
group, anterior border of coronoid process joins horizontal ramus of mandible at high angle, anterior element of ectoloph of M' is about equal in size to posterior element, and unicuspids are typically large in lateral view of skull, with straight or convex postero-ventral margins. Teeth are reddish, and there are four unicuspids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="430" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="36.[160,1371,302,1277]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,274,690,723]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">Habitat.</emphasis>
Cool evergreen forests, forest edges, and occasionally drier open woodlands on the Pacific slopes at elevations of 800-2900 m (above 800 m in Costa Rica and above 1000 m in Panama). In some areas, the Blackish Small-eared Shrew is found in pastures and other open areas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[162,758,851,880]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph blockId="36.[160,1371,302,1277]" box="[162,758,851,880]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[162,424,851,880]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Probably insectivorous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[162,1118,886,919]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430" type="breeding">
<paragraph blockId="36.[160,1371,302,1277]" box="[162,1118,886,919]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[162,296,886,919]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">Breeding.</emphasis>
Litters of the Blackish Small-eared Shrew have 1-3 young.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[160,966,926,959]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430" type="activity">
<paragraph blockId="36.[160,1371,302,1277]" box="[160,966,926,959]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,396,926,959]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Probably nocturnal and a strong digger.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[162,1102,965,998]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="36.[160,1371,302,1277]" box="[162,1102,965,998]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[162,863,965,998]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="430" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="36.[160,1371,302,1277]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[162,510,1005,1038]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Blackish Small-eared Shrew is apparently common and found in multiple protected areas with no major threats, although its distribution is relatively small and very little is known ofits natural history.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="430" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph blockId="36.[160,1371,302,1277]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[162,315,1171,1196]" pageId="36" pageNumber="430">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Baird et al. (2018), Choate (1970), Guevara &amp; Cervantes (2014), He et al. (2015), Hutterer (2005b), Moreno (2017), Naylor &amp; Roach (2016¢), Reid (2009), Woodman (2011a, 2011b), Woodman &amp; Gaffney (2014), Woodman &amp; Morgan (2005), Woodman &amp; Péfaur (2008), Woodman &amp; Timm (1993), Zeballos et al. (2018).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>