treatments-xml/data/EF/27/87/EF2787D6DD0C4C7AFF7F1A58AD69938F.xml
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<document id="8BF83C5B7F7352AB8B925ED97CE40200" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.175524" ID-GBIF-Dataset="80f089c6-4ecd-4946-8474-2e49f8c38b15" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="175524" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459812368320" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dellacasa, Marco, Gordon, Robert D. &amp; Dellacasa, Giovanni" docDate="2007" docId="EF2787D6DD0C4C7AFF7F1A58AD69938F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01407p042.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1407" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Liothorax subaeneus LeConte 1857, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="131EFFAEDD024C75FFE8196FA8209373" masterDocTitle="Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1698221129907" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="79356B7FA1652BEA97EB77F88C729B84">Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E1034EDFA5BC929EDE1827C78D25C17">Dellacasa, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="54DE27BD1EA72D2B4676D102F3B5E76C">Dellacasa, Giovanni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="20048ACD9E2FB6FECA8D56149968E404">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="EF2787D6DD0C4C7AFF7F1A58AD69938F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6251294" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119354075" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6251294" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF2787D6DD0C4C7AFF7F1A58AD69938F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF2787D6DD0C4C7AFF7F1A58AD69938F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="3C7981ACDD0C4C7BFF7F1A58AB699022" bold="true" box="[151,841,823,849]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF7F1A58AB699022" bold="true" box="[151,841,823,849]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD0C4C7BFF7F1A58AA469022" authority="LeConte, 1857" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,614,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Liothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaeneus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF7F1A58A9B69022" bold="true" box="[151,406,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Liothorax subaeneus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFE4D1A58AA7E9022" author="LeConte" box="[421,606,823,849]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1857) Report upon the Insects collected on the survey. Explorations and surveys for a railroad route from Mississippi river to the Pacific Ocean. - War Department. Route near the forty-seventh and forty-ninth parallels, explored by I. I. Stevens, governor of Washington Territory, in 1853 - ' 55. Zoological Report. 72 pp." type="book" year="1857">LeConte, 1857</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4EC957A9DD0C4C7BFD9C1A58AB699022" box="[628,841,823,849]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="673136C0DD0C4C7BFF7F1A35A9159007" blockId="14.[151,841,823,884]" box="[151,309,858,884]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
(
<figureCitation id="FFB52A45DD0C4C7BFF771A35A90D9007" box="[159,301,858,884]" captionStart="FIGURES 54 60" captionStartId="15.[151,270,1250,1274]" captionTargetBox="[436,1147,319,1201]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[417,1170,306,1228]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 54 60. Liothorax subaeneus (LeConte, 1857) (Modesto, California, U. S. A.): 54. habitus of male; 55 56. aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view; 57. epipharynx; 58 60. color variations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175534/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Figs. 5460</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F94654BDD0C4C7BFF7F1ACAAAD2974F" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="673136C0DD0C4C7BFF7F1ACAAC6290AF" blockId="14.[151,1362,933,1084]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="479E11EEDD0C4C7BFF7F1ACAAC6290AF" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD0C4C7BFF7F1ACAAA6290CF" authority="LeConte 1857: 41" authorityName="LeConte" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,578,933,956]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaeneus">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF7F1ACAA95190CF" box="[151,369,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Aphodius subaeneus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFE971ACAAA6290CF" author="LeConte" box="[383,578,933,956]" page="41" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1857">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFE971ACAAA3B90CF" author="LeConte" box="[383,539,933,956]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1857) Report upon the Insects collected on the survey. Explorations and surveys for a railroad route from Mississippi river to the Pacific Ocean. - War Department. Route near the forty-seventh and forty-ninth parallels, explored by I. I. Stevens, governor of Washington Territory, in 1853 - ' 55. Zoological Report. 72 pp." type="book" year="1857">LeConte 1857</bibRefCitation>
: 41
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFDA51ACAAACB90CF" author="Horn" box="[589,747,933,956]" page="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFDA51ACAAAE490CF" author="Horn" box="[589,708,933,956]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="Horn, G. H. (1887) A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 14, 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1887">Horn 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 21
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFD1E1ACAAB9990CF" author="Gordon" box="[758,953,933,956]" page="159" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFD1E1ACAABA790CF" author="Gordon" box="[758,903,933,956]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1977) Studies on the genus Aphodius of the United States and Canada. V. An evaluation of Horn's group F. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1977">Gordon 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 159
</treatmentCitation>
(
<typeStatus id="B8358862DD0C4C7BFC2F1ACAAC0B90CF" box="[967,1067,933,956]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation)
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD0C4C7BFF7F1AAAAA8690AF" authority="Schmidt 1913: 43" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,678,965,988]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaeneus" subGenus="Volinus">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF7F1AAAA9F890AF" box="[151,472,965,988]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Aphodius (Volinus) subaeneus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFE0E1AAAAA8690AF" author="Schmidt" box="[486,678,965,988]" page="43" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFE0E1AAAAA5F90AF" author="Schmidt" box="[486,639,965,988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="42" refString="Schmidt, A. (1913) Erster Versuch einer Einteilung der exotischen Aphodien in Subgenera und als Anhang einige Neubeschreibungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abt. A, 79, 117 - 178." type="journal article" year="1913">Schmidt 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 43
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFD591AAAAB5E90AF" author="Schmidt" box="[689,894,965,988]" page="176" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFD591AAAAB6A90AF" author="Schmidt" box="[689,842,965,988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="42" refString="Schmidt, A. (1922) Coleoptera Aphodiinae (Das Tierreich). W. de Gruyter, Berlin &amp; Leipzig, 45, 1 - 614." type="journal article" year="1922">Schmidt 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 176
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFC611AAAAC6290AF" author="Hatch" box="[905,1090,965,988]" page="454" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFC611AAAAC2F90AF" author="Hatch" box="[905,1039,965,988]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="Hatch, M. H. (1971) The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part V: Rhypiceroidea, Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhynchophora and Lamellicornia. Publications in Biology. University of Washington, 16, 1 - 662." type="journal article" year="1971">Hatch, 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 454
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="673136C0DD0C4C7BFF7F1A8AAAD2974F" blockId="14.[151,1362,933,1084]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="479E11EEDD0C4C7BFF7F1A8AAAD2974F" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD0C4C7BFF7F1A8AAA3D908F" authority="Hatch 1971: 457" authorityName="Hatch" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,541,997,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gentneri">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF7F1A8AA97B908F" box="[151,347,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Aphodius gentneri</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFE811A8AAA3D908F" author="Hatch" box="[361,541,997,1020]" page="457" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFE811A8AA9C8908F" author="Hatch" box="[361,488,997,1020]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="Hatch, M. H. (1971) The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part V: Rhypiceroidea, Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhynchophora and Lamellicornia. Publications in Biology. University of Washington, 16, 1 - 662." type="journal article" year="1971">Hatch 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 457
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFDC01A8AAACB908F" author="Gordon" box="[552,747,997,1020]" page="159" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFDC01A8AAA99908F" author="Gordon" box="[552,697,997,1020]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1977) Studies on the genus Aphodius of the United States and Canada. V. An evaluation of Horn's group F. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1977">Gordon 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 159
</treatmentCitation>
(as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD0C4C7BFC581A8AAC1C908F" box="[944,1084,997,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaeneus">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFC581A8AABE0908F" box="[944,960,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFC251A8AAC1C908F" box="[973,1084,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">subaeneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFBBB1A8AAD0C908F" author="Dellacasa" box="[1107,1324,997,1020]" page="335" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFBBB1A8AACDA908F" author="Dellacasa" box="[1107,1274,997,1020]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="Dellacasa, M. (1988) Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). (1987). Memorie della Societa entomologica Italiana, 66 [1987], 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1988">Dellacasa 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 335
</treatmentCitation>
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD0C4C7BFF7F1D6AAA62976F" authority="Gordon 1973: 439" authorityName="Gordon" authorityPageNumber="439" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,578,1029,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpolitus">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF7F1D6AA94E976F" box="[151,366,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Aphodius perpolitus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFE941D6AAA62976F" author="Gordon" box="[380,578,1029,1052]" page="439" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFE941D6AAA2D976F" author="Gordon" box="[380,525,1029,1052]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1973) Studies on the genus Aphodius of the United States and Canada: I. Two new species from Oregon and California. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 75 (4), 435 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Gordon 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 439
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFDA51D6AAB30976F" author="Gordon" box="[589,784,1029,1052]" page="159" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFDA51D6AAAFE976F" author="Gordon" box="[589,734,1029,1052]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1977) Studies on the genus Aphodius of the United States and Canada. V. An evaluation of Horn's group F. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1977">Gordon 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 159
</treatmentCitation>
(as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD0C4C7BFC3D1D6AAC41976F" box="[981,1121,1029,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaeneus">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFC3D1D6AABC5976F" box="[981,997,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFC1A1D6AAC41976F" box="[1010,1121,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">subaeneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFB901D6AAD72976F" author="Dellacasa" box="[1144,1362,1029,1052]" page="236" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFB901D6AAD3F976F" author="Dellacasa" box="[1144,1311,1029,1052]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="Dellacasa, M. (1988) Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). (1987). Memorie della Societa entomologica Italiana, 66 [1987], 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1988">Dellacasa 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 236
</treatmentCitation>
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD0C4C7BFF7F1D4AAAD2974F" authority="Dellacasa 1988: 203" authorityName="Dellacasa" authorityPageNumber="203" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,754,1061,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaeneus" subGenus="Chilothorax">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF7F1D4AAA2A974F" box="[151,522,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Aphodius (Chilothorax) subaeneus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD0C4C7BFDF01D4AAAD2974F" author="Dellacasa" box="[536,754,1061,1084]" page="203" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0C4C7BFDF01D4AAAE0974F" author="Dellacasa" box="[536,704,1061,1084]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="Dellacasa, M. (1988) Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). (1987). Memorie della Societa entomologica Italiana, 66 [1987], 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1988">Dellacasa 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 203
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F94654BDD0C4C7BFF7F1D04A8D9941C" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="673136C0DD0C4C7BFF7F1D04AC2697F7" blockId="14.[151,1436,1130,2015]" box="[151,1030,1130,1156]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF7F1D04A90D97F7" box="[151,301,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<typeStatus id="B8358862DD0C4C7BFF7F1D04A8EE97F7" box="[151,206,1131,1156]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
: San Francisco, California,
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD0C4C7BFD9D1D05AAE697F7" box="[629,710,1130,1156]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
(for
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD0C4C7BFCE91D04ABD697F7" box="[769,1014,1131,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Liothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaeneus">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFCE91D04ABD697F7" box="[769,1014,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Liothorax subaeneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="673136C0DD0C4C7BFF2E1DFFA9BD97BC" blockId="14.[151,1436,1130,2015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF2E1DFFA9A597DA" box="[198,389,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<typeStatus id="B8358862DD0C4C7BFF2E1DFFA8DD97DA" box="[198,253,1168,1193]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
depository
</emphasis>
: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD0C4C7BFAFC1DFFAD4597D9" box="[1300,1381,1168,1194]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
(for
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD0C4C7BFF7F1DDAA9AC97BD" box="[151,396,1205,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Liothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaeneus">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF7F1DDAA9AC97BD" box="[151,396,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Liothorax subaeneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="673136C0DD0C4C7BFF2E1DB4A8D9941C" blockId="14.[151,1436,1130,2015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF2E1DB4A9499787" box="[198,361,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Redescription</emphasis>
: Length 4.05.0 mm; body oblong, moderately convex, weakly shiny except second and fourth elytral interstriae roughly alutaceous so strongly dull, glabrous. Color black; clypeal margin and pronotal sides weakly red; pronotum with aeneous tinge; elytra widely dirty yellow on disc with first interstria and lateral margin black; antennal club piceous; legs rufo-piceous (
<figureCitation id="FFB52A45DD0C4C7BFC231C25AC079617" box="[971,1063,1354,1380]" captionStart="FIGURES 54 60" captionStartId="15.[151,270,1250,1274]" captionTargetBox="[436,1147,319,1201]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[417,1170,306,1228]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 54 60. Liothorax subaeneus (LeConte, 1857) (Modesto, California, U. S. A.): 54. habitus of male; 55 56. aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view; 57. epipharynx; 58 60. color variations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175534/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
); some individuals have elytra black with dirty yellow rounded spot on preapical declivity (
<figureCitation id="FFB52A45DD0C4C7BFC981C1FABEA96F9" box="[880,970,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 54 60" captionStartId="15.[151,270,1250,1274]" captionTargetBox="[436,1147,319,1201]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[417,1170,306,1228]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 54 60. Liothorax subaeneus (LeConte, 1857) (Modesto, California, U. S. A.): 54. habitus of male; 55 56. aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view; 57. epipharynx; 58 60. color variations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175534/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
); some individuals have elytra entirely black (
<figureCitation id="FFB52A45DD0C4C7BFF0F1CFAA96096DC" box="[231,320,1429,1455]" captionStart="FIGURES 54 60" captionStartId="15.[151,270,1250,1274]" captionTargetBox="[436,1147,319,1201]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[417,1170,306,1228]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 54 60. Liothorax subaeneus (LeConte, 1857) (Modesto, California, U. S. A.): 54. habitus of male; 55 56. aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view; 57. epipharynx; 58 60. color variations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175534/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
). Head anteriorly at middle moderately convex, with coarse evenly spaced punctures, punctation denser distally. Clypeus moderately sinuate medially, widely rounded laterally, with thin border, border weakly upturned; genae widely rounded, with short setae, protruding beyond eyes; frontal suture obsolete; front with coarse evenly spaced punctures. Pronotum transverse, convex, with evenly spaced coarse moderately dense punctures throughout but with a smooth median longitudinal line; lateral margins weakly arcuate anteriorly, subparallel posteriorly, with distinct border; hind angles obtuse; base evenly arcuate with vestiges of border near hind angles. Scutellum weakly excavate, alutaceous, with fine and sparse punctures. Elytra oval-elongate, finely striate; striae with fine and close punctures, not crenulate; interstriae flat, second and fourth roughly alutaceous so strongly dull, other polished, all with small punctures irregularly spaced.
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD0C4C7BFA891FAFADBC95A9" box="[1377,1436,1728,1754]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibiae with superior apical spur nearly as long as first tarsomere, first tarsomere somewhat longer than following two combined. Male fore tibiae with apical spur hooked inward at apex; pronotum more transverse, less convex and with punctures more sparse than in female. Female fore tibiae with apical spur evenly acuminate apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F94654BDD0C4C7AFF2E1E14A95593C2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="673136C0DD0C4C7BFF2E1E14A8EC94C9" blockId="14.[151,1436,1130,2015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF2E1E14A97594E7" box="[198,341,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD0C4C7BFE8E1E15A99E94E7" box="[358,446,1914,1940]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Canada</collectingCountry>
(Vernon, British
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD0C4C7BFD641E15AB2194E7" box="[652,769,1914,1940]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Columbia</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD0C4C7BFCAC1E15ABB594E7" box="[836,917,1914,1940]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
(from northern Oregon to southern California).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="673136C0DD0C4C7AFF2E1EAAA95593C2" blockId="14.[151,1436,1130,2015]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,152,252]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0C4C7BFF2E1EAAA90E94AD" box="[198,302,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Bionomy</emphasis>
: This species is active in spring and early summer and is collected at pond margins (Gordon, personal observation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F94654BDD0D4C7AFF2E19D2AD69938F" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="673136C0DD0D4C7AFF2E19D2AD69938F" blockId="15.[151,1436,152,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD0D4C7AFF2E19D2A98A93A5" box="[198,426,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Systematic remarks</emphasis>
: This is a polymorphic species varying in elytral sculpture and color. These morphological characters overlap, and
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD0D4C7AFDEC198DAA92938F" author="Gordon" box="[516,690,226,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="41" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1977) Studies on the genus Aphodius of the United States and Canada. V. An evaluation of Horn's group F. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1977">Gordon (1977)</bibRefCitation>
considered them as simple variations of the same taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>