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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="96203" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.83573" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38647357-14c5-4ea5-8150-909a6e855a8f" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D26F15B3027C5EB1A9EB757140DA81E6" ID-ZooBank="DFF7CEB320384CA7B057CD5BFACC9510" ModsDocID="2535-0730-6-2-103" checkinTime="1657813459907" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Framenau, Volker W. &amp; Kuntner, Matjaz" docDate="2022" docId="AAC94D3B402C5669936A7401E5781C9A" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 6(2): 103-133" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 6 (2)" docPubDate="2022-07-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.83573" docTitle="Leviana Framenau &amp; Kuntner 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4DA6D7EB-7B17-478A-BB2D-6B57EDBD7806" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="D26F15B3027C5EB1A9EB757140DA81E6" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="D26F15B3027C5EB1A9EB757140DA81E6" masterDocTitle="The new Australian leaf-curling orb-weaving spider genus Leviana (Araneae, Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1732778754629" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="6F974FFD0AD66F8FBE621330D37126F7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3C2AD31D62E53F08219F63E37FDD96F2">
<mods:title id="AD0E38596A20F70A26CA6B9A12850B7D">The new Australian leaf-curling orb-weaving spider genus Leviana (Araneae, Araneidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B899A5DC3602B0BC9B6EE63C3AB2211E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3C6804D799F67DC1F4943CE05DE16B9A">
<mods:roleTerm id="12DD348F87D3F92614E5F46B0547F762">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="96B1AF33740C323752377371534A2719">Framenau, Volker W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5B4D26433089B4FAFA56F7C0E1F0D4B6" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-3831</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="44E3CB8E4F75557DFF0E7745ADC352F6">Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia &amp; Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia &amp; Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibnitz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Centre for Taxonomy &amp; Morphology, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D76CD310457B2C52A1E23328FAC0091A" type="email">volker.framenau@murdoch.edu.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="88083943313AE3BFEFE2F761732CE82B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="186F009F63ED0E909E895C0C1A83E646">
<mods:roleTerm id="885EE866858DC2A662B4E15010CF0194">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F54015EC74F11A842AF269A18D170A00">Kuntner, Matjaz</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D47A4901D2A39297BED36994E7C595DF">Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia &amp; Jovan Hadzi Institute of Biology, ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia &amp; Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA &amp; Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="510BFB347B7B6FF425011FB5082212F4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3D3385C6BE9CAFE57CE49B172AEDBD63">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="16483A1ED9870D86EC9F5C58F66F2311">
<mods:date id="C35C569870A02A3F3C34ED4BFEA81FE9">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A15C18ED98AA1E2D9D05AECBDE216014" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A6D314920AD955D7058C874392DDC465">2022-07-13</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="235817608FA99DAE7D414741536091D1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4FD0A56897C26C01F2F2EE08583116D9">6</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="8AC24C57DE70ABBBB9CA88FF6B9594DA" type="issue">
<mods:number id="90260DDB1F6C7B7D41B21C29E3514087">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7D4D34D390C2055AAB181C1A2BBAC235">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7F2ADC4CEFFEBBC2D045378F802D03F1" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.83573</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EF0960B3CED5DCAD113D5371E60D4E76" type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-2-103</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AAC94D3B402C5669936A7401E5781C9A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197528493" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4DA6D7EB-7B17-478A-BB2D-6B57EDBD7806" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AAC94D3B402C5669936A7401E5781C9A" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" scope_class="Arachnida" scope_family="Araneidae" scope_order="Araneae">
<subSubSection id="4927E75580EFC79A0D60E2481871865A" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2406A25604EA8F477AA90B534F2CB64B" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="AC8EC435BC5E04BC36783179A0742CAC" LSID="https://zoobank.org/4DA6D7EB-7B17-478A-BB2D-6B57EDBD7806" authority="Framenau &amp; Kuntner, 2022" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Leviana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leviana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Leviana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A37461571FA1ECBB24E4D737ACE90E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EDC7B1716A1B4876A5638E26A4116074" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="type species">
<paragraph id="B5D8BB116FECDFF2567E468BB841CB39" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94F988AF194976FB76B78C328A741CBF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="A5DF3BFB285EEE70A64D04FD6AFA1B32" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira dimidiata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="2DB970EB78BA5468ADC55141B279CC8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Epeira dimidiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. Koch, 1871 (designated here).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0316E48CBA9127CAE7B29B9CA73861F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5AB1913F9BD0CD7907848A65FCD9727D" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3670A76B832E2166E322D34281EA517" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">The generic name honours the late Herbert Levi (1921-2014) for his contribution to araneid taxonomy and systematics. The gender of the genus-group name is feminine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4200062707DCB0F5C3B6A199302C652D" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="900C7CAC39D9C65731F207BA429E9458" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4AE9EAC63AFD425A13B69504C2C5122E" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
The following morphological and behavioural synapomorphies unequivocally diagnose
<taxonomicName id="BEFDCB5CD9E9589AC1422665B29A7DF5" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Leviana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leviana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A6D289016B8EB55FFD6FA4DA8DAAF4C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Leviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. from other genera of the
<taxonomicName id="476558FCE3DE1CCE2CAACC55189D9D94" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
, specifically those of the putative backobourkiines (
<taxonomicName id="5C5DCB848E6E96FF096CA4AFB9C06F73" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1878" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Acroaspis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acroaspis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB46B0936F5949157A364C67F079F828" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Acroaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Karsch, 1878;
<taxonomicName id="7F09A7E9A38A1A5770B121F93BA0A4A6" authorityName="Framenau, Duperre, Blackledge &amp; Vink" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Backobourkia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Backobourkia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7E1797110151E21B8D250CB6C2A7BDEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Backobourkia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Framenau,
<normalizedToken id="EA9958B360BD40A150E0162C88047BCF" originalValue="Dupérré">Duperre</normalizedToken>
, Blackledge &amp; Vink, 2010;
<taxonomicName id="44CDEDEA40B54F52122037A24A51D839" authorityName="L.Koch" authorityYear="1872" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Carepalxis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carepalxis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FA0FC254408D35D261AB8EC7C3F8BE6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Carepalxis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. Koch, 1872,
<taxonomicName id="F42B0067B02B96A2759C55EA2C75B1E2" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="717FB2927F7FFF136440442E48B91C2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Hortophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Framenau &amp; Castanheira, 2021;
<taxonomicName id="D2AE7C7170746409BEDBA27BEA6C7DD6" authorityName="Framenau" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Lariniophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lariniophora" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B66798BA70C9DC1834581E1406E72ED6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Lariniophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Framenau, 2011;
<taxonomicName id="C64DBF2A0C238C774485DFEDF9D20F55" authorityName="Court &amp; Forster" authorityYear="1993" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Novakiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Novakiella" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="73851D341986E6E36DEE0335C2A85431" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Novakiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Court &amp; Foster, 1993;
<taxonomicName id="B80FEF30D75BE1EEB769AE609CA18CF7" authorityName="Joseph &amp; Framenau" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Plebs" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plebs" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0C3705B5EF4B05359B1D9F767606F9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Plebs</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Joseph &amp; Framenau, 2012;
<taxonomicName id="5103488CE5CD0C3435DD1D69F49E5E06" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Salsa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salsa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="305F12DEA05AEE1FC81B8227503D848A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Salsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Framenau &amp; Castanheira, 2022,
<taxonomicName id="4DD96C49012DF95B3E506DFE54EE6059" genus="Socca" lsidName="Socca" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9D5BBE8DDB9050074AC67846246A00C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Socca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Framenau, Castanheira &amp; Vink, 2022): abdomen without humeral or posterior dorsal humps; basal arch of the median apophysis of the male pedipalp internally with basally directed spine (e.g. Figs
<figureCitation id="76FCEA321F84ECF3E6C0D263042CCB95" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0A08F47155A85990398612D9CE1D68C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., interpretation of the male pedipalp anatomy (QM S 54745). A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714521" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="11235990A18DB102AA5AF2EEC8385FA5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., male (QM S 111921). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714524" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">7C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="106E8D888D8F8CE139C4D4F2D5A306D4" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Leviana folium sp. nov., male holotype (QM S 111932). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. folium sp. nov. and L. dimidiata comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714529" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">12C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2B8795DE6CBD16122C9F86AE606F1E8D" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Leviana minima sp. nov., male holotype (AM KS. 131102). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714532" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">15C</figureCitation>
); female epigyne generally wider than long, ovoid atrium, scape broad to triangular without terminal pocket, but broken off in most specimens (e.g. Figs
<figureCitation id="25C089D8D6AB7ED781EE75C3132D3BCD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DED40C6BDF92C0C2E38A842048FA9FCF" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 67628; C-E QM S 25402). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view (scape broken off). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714525" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">8C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6AAA7468349AD671885FACBA53E538C2" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Leviana cincinnata sp. nov., female (A-E QM S 111931; F NHMD 12202). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714528" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">11C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C29618507EF79D886EE569A5012E8F22" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Leviana minima sp. nov., female (A, B, D AM KS. 131103; C, E AM KS. 131104). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, ventral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714533" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">16C, D</figureCitation>
); incorporation of a curled leaf as retreat into the periphery of an open V-section in the web (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AB588ACA56163DB3D3915484AD24556E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov. natural history (at Whites Hill, Queensland): A. Female vertical orb-web with spider in curled leaf retreat connected with hub via signal line; B. Same web, close up; note V-shaped open sector with signal line, closed hub with abrupt transition between hub loops and sticky spiral, and all radii originating at hub; C. Female in defensive pose after her leaf-retreat had been torn open; D. Leaf retreat with female (not seen) feeding on dragonfly prey." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714518" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">1A</figureCitation>
) (but details on web-building in some species unknown).
</paragraph>
<caption id="66928CD966D49A5ED973B42DC4337DF6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="E6278ECC164D157FB656D8A3D9B87862" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="12055D0716F64D34E3217448E797B9C7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56A558374482F67E8A9C34ECF8FCB567" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Leviana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leviana folium" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="folium">
<emphasis id="812F4B903FBBE12032E70E18B28F5DA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Leviana folium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (
<emphasis id="B7A0AEA3ABC03306E305D1963147DF05" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A-D</emphasis>
; ZMUC 12203) and female (
<emphasis id="B2CC3C2C98619FA1F6F59D55EEAD62B8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E-F</emphasis>
; ZMUC 12199) genitalia.
<emphasis id="F7E50E6FEE04AE1D7449DD22A2EC9E48" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A.</emphasis>
Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B8A9BE66E232A4338EC3C339C644D2F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B.</emphasis>
Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view;
<emphasis id="CC05C4A7D9C91730D8B5E1C6B650E0A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C.</emphasis>
Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view;
<emphasis id="BFBD31856040DC8FC0F771A3CE6AA851" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D.</emphasis>
Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view;
<emphasis id="405E6665E86467837B23D1C504E2FCC5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F.</emphasis>
Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
<emphasis id="134A8EDC0D8B17E422AA0630F99C3AC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A, B, F</emphasis>
); 0.05 mm (
<emphasis id="B2220A8D31765B42B08253639BEE830A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C-E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="91E572DBE05524EFCA84F185AEE437A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="E675E9F6FA52A4EE1C1E972BF77949E5" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Leviana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leviana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="437669D459B82E548AB838D87C31CF6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Leviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. superficially resemble those of the leaf-curling genera
<taxonomicName id="50A4144F8C6C5C0E77F5396D9E616DCA" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Artifex" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="36A277E48D72B9936C132A1A9636C9E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Artifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kallal &amp; Hormiga, 2018,
<taxonomicName id="7AF747D82CBA42ACBBF8CC6D9B412F5B" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Deliochus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deliochus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6153B12A9F2518C9E97BC1BDBED71AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Deliochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1894 and
<taxonomicName id="36368A442C2BCDC0110DA4BBD211325D" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Phonognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phonognatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D26EAC939D0908921CC27490C8236E41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Phonognatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly in the cylindrical shape of the abdomen and the lack of abdominal humps. However, this is likely a reflection of the leaf-curling behaviour which appears to favour such body shape.
<taxonomicName id="A1F9F76507CF32C2334052161FC98D43" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Artifex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Artifex" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B2214F645CCA90007941EA081724DF77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Artifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A1DB3B7F767E25E98EE0112E228D017" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Deliochus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deliochus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="477D9032E96614189C2CAC3DE9047B9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Deliochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B9C5A800C6444F708617C811C583EE57" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Phonognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phonognatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5AE53F00477F4781AF81054CE36D8B84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Phonognatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to the araneid subfamily
<taxonomicName id="C8F281474A55930E896067E8643E9DE3" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phonognathinae">Phonognathinae</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="F824DD4C96B528AEDB2316589D0261DE" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2004" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zygiellinae">Zygiellinae</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="308D4451DDB9AF42AE7B62D0589BEA59" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly014" author="Kallal, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1055 - 1141" refId="B18" refString="Kallal, RJ, Hormiga, G, 2018. Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1055 - 1141, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly014" title="Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zly014" volume="184" year="2018">Kallal and Hormiga (2018)</bibRefCitation>
) or
<taxonomicName id="3422E402D85064093D1FF449325E7F1B" family="Phonognathidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="family">Phonognathidae</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="A7E7181B05169EA478EF4C577187872D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="90A7A69F49CF76A31AA029CC062952FA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy082" author="Kuntner, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="555 - 572" refId="B29" refString="Kuntner, M, Hamilton, CA, Cheng, RC, Gregoric, M, Lupse, N, Lokovsek, T, Lemmon, EM, Lemmon, AR, Agnarsson, I, Coddington, JA, Bond, JE, 2019. Golden orbweavers ignore biological rules: phylogenomic and comparative analyses unravel a complex evolution of sexual size dimorphism. Systematic Biology 68: 555 - 572, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy082" title="Golden orbweavers ignore biological rules: phylogenomic and comparative analyses unravel a complex evolution of sexual size dimorphism." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy082" volume="68" year="2019">Kuntner et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
), whereas
<taxonomicName id="3A0CB919F0C6BA662147579CE6EE959E" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Leviana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leviana" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4B1E6EA9E1D055302C21DE85AB64C5AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Leviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. morphology is consistent with the backobourkiines (
<emphasis id="000DB1D5418489640EC5F2AC11118CAE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA645A0FFA1711CDF24C93FDB7FD8AB3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12382" author="Scharff, N" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B37" refString="Scharff, N, Coddington, JA, Dimitrov, D, Agnarsson, I, Framenau, VW, Szuets, T, Blackledge, TA, 2020. Phylogeny of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae (Araneae, Araneoidea). Cladistics 36: 1 - 21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12382" title="Phylogeny of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae (Araneae, Araneoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12382" volume="36" year="2020">Scharff et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7534285C6793D6B3247E7ABCBF605D5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="A37AD7B3106BC87609FC5F1A17C4484D" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B82B5D83171596FFAC99AE1F9C1BC3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Small to medium-sized (total length males ca. 2.0-7.0, females 2.5-10.0 mm) orb-weaving spiders, with males slightly smaller than females. This difference in the size of sexes can be considered as very moderate sexual size dimorphism (
<bibRefCitation id="67973373FEBB12EB41D079150AA548F2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025032" author="Kuntner, M" journalOrPublisher="Annual Review of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="57 - 80" refId="B26" refString="Kuntner, M, Coddington, JA, 2020. Sexual size dimorphism: evolution and perils of extreme phenotypes in spiders. Annual Review of Entomology 65: 57 - 80, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025032" title="Sexual size dimorphism: evolution and perils of extreme phenotypes in spiders." url="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025032" volume="65" year="2020">Kuntner and Coddington 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="2C07226156C123F328A9849ABC90D297" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Carapace</emphasis>
(e.g. Figs
<figureCitation id="32F0BFAEEA0DC11993406A7BF0CD861F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., male (QM S 111921). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714524" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">7A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="904C51D5C48CACD2E109C2FCE8357673" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 67628; C-E QM S 25402). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view (scape broken off). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714525" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">8A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="05011227031E607FB9F14B8812243BDA" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Leviana cincinnata sp. nov., male holotype (QM S 26364). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character between L. dimidiata sp. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714527" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">10A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="195810E4CD67CC6D47590D6BACFE64C2" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Leviana cincinnata sp. nov., female (A-E QM S 111931; F NHMD 12202). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714528" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">11A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D38E2961EEEADACF943A802D9FC46F50" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Leviana mulieraria comb. nov., male (QM S 116640). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714534" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">17A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EF7AC01A540A6AF83C8FA1ED72056DA2" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Leviana mulieraria comb. nov., female (QM S 116639). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714535" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18A</figureCitation>
) longer than wide, pear-shaped; centre of cephalic region protruding more in males than in females; fovea poorly demarcated both in males and females forming a shallow pit; colouration brown in variable shades, sometimes with darker lateral flanks and cephalic area generally lighter; weak white pubescence both in males and females, particularly in the cephalic area.
<emphasis id="63DE48FD72109707D641B9DBB50CB703" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Eyes</emphasis>
: anterior median eyes largest, their row wider than that of posterior median eyes; row of posterior eyes slightly recurved; lateral eyes almost touching and separated by more than their diameter from posterior median eyes; lateral eye groups elevated, a small horn of this elevation protrudes anteriorly.
<emphasis id="AF0BC2E3EAF099CCB111664D670C0F22" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Sternum</emphasis>
longer than wide.
<emphasis id="6F4B23ED605147BD6391A76CC3DA838B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Labium</emphasis>
wider than long, subtriangular, front end bulging and white.
<taxonomicName id="338A8A171DA4128D93309C1C241EDDDE" genus="Maxillae" lsidName="Maxillae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFBA13ECC999A3C9312D50D990BB920B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Maxillae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with large lateral tooth present in males. Chelicerae with 4 (rarely 3) promarginal teeth, 3 (rarely 2) retromarginal teeth,
<emphasis id="89B736DEF523EBB1B9D48477F8710D7C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Legs</emphasis>
: leg formula I&gt; II&gt; IV&gt; III; tibiae I and II in males strong in some species with more distinct spines, specifically prolaterally (e.g. Figs
<figureCitation id="621F441ACD96624EB20BFB57D4C1EBA6" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Leviana folium sp. nov., male holotype (QM S 111932). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. folium sp. nov. and L. dimidiata comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714529" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">12A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B5D379BD02B0049FB09E07DF7C90FB93" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Leviana minima sp. nov., male holotype (AM KS. 131102). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714532" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">15A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D918CCAA39D58D52C4F16677A83624B2" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Leviana mulieraria comb. nov., male (QM S 116640). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714534" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">17A, B</figureCitation>
); coxae I of male with hook and femora II with opposing groove.
<emphasis id="7FB4F59B0CD62FB1712739792D068484" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Abdomen</emphasis>
longer than wide; ovoid to cylindrical, slightly dorsoventrally flattened in some species (e.g., Figs
<figureCitation id="2A7731B89CD425BE50017E17ACAABA24" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., male (QM S 111921). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714524" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">7A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5D1089ABCE2F6A0C44DDB5D5EA4C7E84" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 67628; C-E QM S 25402). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view (scape broken off). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714525" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">8A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E8F842449CEF3CA66551A381C6144A5B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Leviana folium sp. nov., male holotype (QM S 111932). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. folium sp. nov. and L. dimidiata comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714529" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">12A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C79A38CDFDBF3CB15810B4D38295477D" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Leviana folium sp. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 111922; C-E QM S 116638). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. folium sp. nov. and L. dimidiata comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714530" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8994752DD8CFD31AF8ACDA02A28F9C47" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Leviana mulieraria comb. nov., male (QM S 116640). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714534" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">17A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="401EDB91002A0688F52B6D3E50108C3A" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Leviana mulieraria comb. nov., female (QM S 116639). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714535" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18A</figureCitation>
); booklung covers with grooves; dorsum of abdomen uniform with some dark or light markings (Figs
<figureCitation id="A8A0275E980114731C11884075314E28" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., male (QM S 111921). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714524" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">7A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EEC95C91B476A6524BD4652BC776AC10" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 67628; C-E QM S 25402). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view (scape broken off). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714525" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">8A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDF9EDC2593A6164C240E3B503F30FA" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Leviana cincinnata sp. nov., male holotype (QM S 26364). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character between L. dimidiata sp. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714527" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">10A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DD35283907702969D874CE0B2DD2215E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Leviana cincinnata sp. nov., female (A-E QM S 111931; F NHMD 12202). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714528" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">11A</figureCitation>
) or with more or less distinct
<taxonomicName id="62E2EAC7B1C1A751CA9B887461E8BAEB" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Leviana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leviana folium" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="folium">Leviana folium</taxonomicName>
pattern (e.g., Figs
<figureCitation id="31E625987C98BAF9631B144C0BAE5C8B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Leviana folium sp. nov., male holotype (QM S 111932). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. folium sp. nov. and L. dimidiata comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714529" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">12A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78A3DB516967A037B0ACD5F6D512CC95" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Leviana folium sp. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 111922; C-E QM S 116638). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. folium sp. nov. and L. dimidiata comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714530" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A8FE922EE6FE6D751CD40C5C772E55F" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Leviana minima sp. nov., male holotype (AM KS. 131102). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714532" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">15A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9A8292588F72AE36B58C82FB6BB032FD" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Leviana minima sp. nov., female (A, B, D AM KS. 131103; C, E AM KS. 131104). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, ventral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714533" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">16A</figureCitation>
); ventral abdomen centrally light to dark grey, generally with lateral irregular guanine bands (e.g., Figs
<figureCitation id="AD89CA97F55C65E3D31B53C28B656142" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 67628; C-E QM S 25402). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view (scape broken off). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714525" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D1E1BBE43327A9D0DF95EEFB3FE93215" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Leviana cincinnata sp. nov., male holotype (QM S 26364). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character between L. dimidiata sp. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714527" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">10B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5EE5003BD376B979372D130C82C951D1" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Leviana folium sp. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 111922; C-E QM S 116638). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. folium sp. nov. and L. dimidiata comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714530" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9CB30900D6939029091B7EFFE8F100F4" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Leviana mulieraria comb. nov., female (QM S 116639). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714535" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6B58F945D678DE34D3FDE5433B62BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="252267A1E6A9146A4E412259D82AE071" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Spinnerets</emphasis>
(based on female
<taxonomicName id="75F20039E6BA896194CB90E70DCE7FB6" lsidName="L. folium" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="folium">
<emphasis id="519B27D9FF7B5D424ACFF2CA152E08EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">L. folium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. see Fig.
<figureCitation id="B3DA79C93C196C996EFE20CD96836EF6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of female spinnerets of (NHMD 12199). A. Spinnerets, ventral view; B. Left anterior lateral spinnerets (ALS), ventral view; C. Right posterior median spinnerets (PMS), ventral view; D. Left posterior lateral spinneret (PLS), ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, C, D); 0.05 mm (B)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714519" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">2A-D</figureCitation>
) (nomenclature and abbreviations after
<bibRefCitation id="38CC9970008F575ADE82EFB34EF0EF50" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="71 - 95" refId="B6" refString="Coddington, JA, 1989. Spinneret silk spigot morphology: evidence for the monophyly of orbweaving spiders, Cyrtophorinae (Araneidae), and the group Theridiidae plus Nesticidae. Journal of Arachnology 17: 71 - 95" title="Spinneret silk spigot morphology: evidence for the monophyly of orbweaving spiders, Cyrtophorinae (Araneidae), and the group Theridiidae plus Nesticidae." volume="17" year="1989">Coddington (1989)</bibRefCitation>
): Anterior lateral spinnerets (ALS) with large field of piriform gland spigots (PI) (piriform spigots with normal bases), a major ampullate gland spigot (MAP) and a nubbin (nu) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B3D06E07D4C214AFD5D4BF14F9EB5399" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of female spinnerets of (NHMD 12199). A. Spinnerets, ventral view; B. Left anterior lateral spinnerets (ALS), ventral view; C. Right posterior median spinnerets (PMS), ventral view; D. Left posterior lateral spinneret (PLS), ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, C, D); 0.05 mm (B)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714519" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">2B</figureCitation>
); posterior lateral spinnerets (PLS) with large field of aciniform gland spigots (AC), two aggregate gland spigots (AG) with a flagelliform gland spigot (FL) in between and a cylindriform gland spigot (CY) mesally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="680F25F0B65EA739197D8ED230723D17" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of female spinnerets of (NHMD 12199). A. Spinnerets, ventral view; B. Left anterior lateral spinnerets (ALS), ventral view; C. Right posterior median spinnerets (PMS), ventral view; D. Left posterior lateral spinneret (PLS), ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, C, D); 0.05 mm (B)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714519" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">2C</figureCitation>
); posterior median spinneret with large field of aciniform gland spigots, a central cylindriform gland spigot and a posterior minor ampullate gland spigot (mAP) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EA01BDA48BE22A257A951E1931A9A348" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of female spinnerets of (NHMD 12199). A. Spinnerets, ventral view; B. Left anterior lateral spinnerets (ALS), ventral view; C. Right posterior median spinnerets (PMS), ventral view; D. Left posterior lateral spinneret (PLS), ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, C, D); 0.05 mm (B)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714519" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3817FC339BE971D6E834E2F1AD80FED1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="BD98DB405843AAA842F77D876847FA73" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Male pedipalp</emphasis>
femora with tubercle; patellae with a single strong macroseta (e.g., Fig.
<figureCitation id="737741CC4BCD003154A006271F9630C9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., interpretation of the male pedipalp anatomy (QM S 54745). A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714521" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F68C6C7A76A41CBE2BAA4307C24A6081" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., expanded male pedipalp (QM S 111921). A. Ventral view; B. Apical view; C. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714522" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="57EC1006174D951EDB6A880118F86B64" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., male (QM S 111921). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714524" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">7C, D</figureCitation>
). Paracymbium present, simple and rounded (Figs
<figureCitation id="C0EFBC0D5FEE5786A824EE17F085DEBA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., interpretation of the male pedipalp anatomy (QM S 54745). A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714521" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">4B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1266B8D74B4BE1CC24D5379738123CA3" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., expanded male pedipalp (QM S 111921). A. Ventral view; B. Apical view; C. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714522" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">5C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E4A7A17EFE1CF781ABFD4B1B3BD84B79" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., male (QM S 111921). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714524" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">7D</figureCitation>
). Cymbium narrow. Conductor entire and prominent, heavily sclerotised, with a number of lobes and processes (e.g. Figs
<figureCitation id="881CC996C2FD5CBDC5B87B4F9CBBCAE1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BFD59C91D187D58E214249DE82AF9B84" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., interpretation of the male pedipalp anatomy (QM S 54745). A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714521" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F2A3072EE643F63BBF1A19F4715436D8" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., expanded male pedipalp (QM S 111921). A. Ventral view; B. Apical view; C. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714522" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">5B</figureCitation>
); basal conductor lobe present (e.g. Figs
<figureCitation id="BAD2E59AEE6AE4C988659516F753EC76" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0F7D632CAFC00881D7475B682A66BADD" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., interpretation of the male pedipalp anatomy (QM S 54745). A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714521" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BE1532D661E9C855634AF6818318C1B4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., expanded male pedipalp (QM S 111921). A. Ventral view; B. Apical view; C. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714522" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">5B</figureCitation>
). Median apophysis transverse, tip pointing apically and either broadly lobed (Figs
<figureCitation id="8D9989ADA407E56A9C15EC72349B3BD1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="308FCF31169CB32DBC033EA78E5BA7A7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., interpretation of the male pedipalp anatomy (QM S 54745). A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714521" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1DCB093026D26AA5C35E96B24E0844DE" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., expanded male pedipalp (QM S 111921). A. Ventral view; B. Apical view; C. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714522" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="837D236845C01AF91C4BE1400A5A5635" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., male (QM S 111921). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714524" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">7C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CB32554CDB574562DEB11DB707C9A6F3" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Leviana cincinnata sp. nov., male holotype (QM S 26364). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character between L. dimidiata sp. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714527" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">10C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="90A51290C1EE06E48AA7B73FD9DEAB85" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Leviana folium sp. nov., male holotype (QM S 111932). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. folium sp. nov. and L. dimidiata comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714529" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">12C</figureCitation>
) or more or less tapering (Figs
<figureCitation id="8098254FFCB1CE98972FD23F2CFB350C" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Leviana minima sp. nov., male holotype (AM KS. 131102). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714532" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">15C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5014CB09A8690374624A9781F5B11801" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Leviana mulieraria comb. nov., male (QM S 116640). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714534" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">17C</figureCitation>
), basal arch internally with large spine (Figs
<figureCitation id="DFC2EFBADB53A8B6E6AAAC950BFA5630" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3A, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AA44ECCA460604721A9DB71CE9F754A1" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., interpretation of the male pedipalp anatomy (QM S 54745). A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714521" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CFB583A4EC9D87EF02E4FF15DF046644" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., male (QM S 111921). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714524" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">7C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6BC026193CA2BDC7538C0258894D7C74" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Leviana folium sp. nov., male holotype (QM S 111932). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. folium sp. nov. and L. dimidiata comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714529" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">12C</figureCitation>
). Embolic division with radix, stipes, terminal apophysis and embolus (e.g., Figs
<figureCitation id="66F101021978CDF8F01811D3D1221E96" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9F33A7A2362E3C63BB78DF45F2C5E276" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., expanded male pedipalp (QM S 111921). A. Ventral view; B. Apical view; C. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714522" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">5A-C</figureCitation>
). Radix elongated, partially sclerotised. Stipes a thin, sometimes translucent but prominent lamella (e.g. Figs
<figureCitation id="169CB0D2390FE257EFA5386B5C6C7F2E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3A, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D2F310F5B24EC82FA3E40AFE47B03C9F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., interpretation of the male pedipalp anatomy (QM S 54745). A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714521" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3BA57E2CE49A702B3FF832EBFEA4F1E6" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., expanded male pedipalp (QM S 111921). A. Ventral view; B. Apical view; C. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714522" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">5A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0EFAB667BB8D57F459D8828AAE44FD3F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., male (QM S 111921). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714524" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">7A</figureCitation>
). Terminal apophysis fleshy, elongated and terminating in two lobes or one lobe and spine (Figs
<figureCitation id="7AD811301136F283E2A5EAEC8118A047" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3A, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="805661579127205796F4A8607E0BF398" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., interpretation of the male pedipalp anatomy (QM S 54745). A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714521" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">4A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8CEACCE11CDD38325DB5DDCB50EC3522" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Leviana mulieraria comb. nov., male (QM S 116640). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Left male pedipalp, ventral view; left male pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714534" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">17C</figureCitation>
). Embolus short, curved and heavily sclerotised (e.g. Fig.
<figureCitation id="1F0BEBD8926106CAA038178FB32C8CC2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3A, D</figureCitation>
); tip of the embolus uncapped.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D36E58BBF87D018BE781D595058F4DCD" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714521" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="5F7330E03B6BC825AD2AC4FDA4A482FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="AFE1600B70B34F47D9B34D9B6C0EC822" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="855CCCFD84B280DBE999EFFA477C89AF" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Leviana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leviana dimidiata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="DFEC49062C3AADA344B7D3C540C5602A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Leviana dimidiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov., interpretation of the male pedipalp anatomy (QM S54745).
<emphasis id="8F61E5397732560703E0EF70FFC326D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A.</emphasis>
Ventral view;
<emphasis id="A8D415B07530BC20C57F127854FA40DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B.</emphasis>
Dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="14327A9195217C8EC67006D8241F0748" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="94315C7A3D2566CEDD1FE64CD5F0C75A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Epigyne</emphasis>
ovoid, generally wider than long (e.g. Figs
<figureCitation id="1BD5A95EC9A5F044989A9B8D7A7BD120" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3E, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EB412632427D7ED3358C7E97DBD8AE05" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 67628; C-E QM S 25402). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view (scape broken off). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714525" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">8C, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="755C0D8E84E12F59630BD06500734B8A" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Leviana cincinnata sp. nov., female (A-E QM S 111931; F NHMD 12202). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714528" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">11C, F</figureCitation>
), scape approximately as long as epigyne, thin, broadly lipped or triangular (Figs
<figureCitation id="2B49C51376016EB4803E6B5BFC00B83A" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 67628; C-E QM S 25402). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view (scape broken off). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714525" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">8C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DD7FC8C231E72058C8E5D70B137BE242" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Leviana cincinnata sp. nov., female (A-E QM S 111931; F NHMD 12202). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714528" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">11C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D31FCEFB2AE8DE750D29B9911BCBDC90" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Leviana folium sp. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 111922; C-E QM S 116638). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. folium sp. nov. and L. dimidiata comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714530" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="36AC1AF7A3626307AC4C4A632385358E" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Leviana minima sp. nov., female (A, B, D AM KS. 131103; C, E AM KS. 131104). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, ventral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714533" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">16C</figureCitation>
)), but broken off in most specimens (e.g., Figs
<figureCitation id="DEF72B3D7BD025451DC8EC52C7717015" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leviana folium sp. nov. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of male (A-D; ZMUC 12203) and female (E-F; ZMUC 12199) genitalia. A. Left pedipalp bulb, ventral view; B. Left pedipalp bulb, apico-dorsal view; C. Basal arch and spine of median apophysis, left pedipalp, ventral view; D. Distal section of pedipalp bulb, apical view; E, epigyne, ventral view; F. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, F); 0.05 mm (C-E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714520" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AE814412D45E73227BA04AC52AAF6F56" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Leviana dimidiata comb. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 67628; C-E QM S 25402). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view (scape broken off). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. dimidiata comb. nov. and L. folium sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714525" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">8F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1EA7AFECEE7DD2CD4FF9146A0C8F2EDB" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Leviana folium sp. nov., female (A, B, F QM S 111922; C-E QM S 116638). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, lateral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view; F. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D). Arrow in (A) points to diagnostic character distinguishing L. folium sp. nov. and L. dimidiata comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714530" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0F4FF265103344655F39B3E2DF726FF3" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Leviana minima sp. nov., female (A, B, D AM KS. 131103; C, E AM KS. 131104). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, ventral view; E. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714533" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">16F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9EFF9434E82310574739352E15621E07" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Leviana mulieraria comb. nov., female (QM S 116639). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Epigyne, posterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714535" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18C</figureCitation>
); spermathecae ovoid, fertilization ducts slightly curved an attaching laterally at atrium (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A281A12016782B11935BDCD210210BC5" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Leviana gen. nov., cleared epigynes, posterior view. A. L. dimidiata comb. nov. (AM KS. 81993); B. L. cincinnata sp. nov. (QM S 111931). Scale bars: 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714523" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">6A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4E8B6B130C47DAFD5489D40043D95321" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="composition">
<paragraph id="C901A798680939FF635DB34324C61285" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Composition.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2D2878053345FD63216A36D696E79B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="4304EAEBE4FD032827887AF2F8DE3030" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Kuntner" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Leviana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leviana dimidiata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="AE8AFA7F2A2A7F2C7B0142CE04461962" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Leviana dimidiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L. Koch, 1871) comb. nov.;
<taxonomicName id="8A7B9CC3A2B9AA9FDB15081C6DA69CBD" lsidName="L. cincinnata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="cincinnata">
<emphasis id="B47117A0E065D5053DE13A1A781B6F7D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">L. cincinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.;
<taxonomicName id="4D32841A85B34B1443089E1A0D6927B9" lsidName="L. folium" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="folium">
<emphasis id="8B453DF84094DBAC6CB50922623DF2F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">L. folium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.,
<taxonomicName id="55ECA70815FCC0CE9E3A13CFBFE971A1" lsidName="L. minima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="84B23B21651107A04FB3C99C29069F3C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">L. minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.;
<taxonomicName id="B79C5398BA3893D9ACD2EDE1F1CC96D0" lsidName="L. mulieraria" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mulieraria">
<emphasis id="EF7227FA1CA3EFC2E591FBCCA1A38088" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">L. mulieraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Keyserling, 1887).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16B264CCD0F80B452F91E2C2A4321EC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="900BBE313356C23AB38C413DD1F32ACE" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC665988E2A569929259499DE5EA31BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Tropical, east and south-eastern Australia (Australian Capital Territory (inferred), New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia) (Figs
<figureCitation id="CF92CC7BC621007A6808EC03CA03862D" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Distribution records of Leviana dimidiata comb. nov. and L. cincinnata sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714526" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3E7E4E6A321D50A24A8A29A1B4D9D9C1" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution records of Leviana folium sp. nov., L. minima sp. nov. and L. mulieraria comb. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/714531" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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