treatments-xml/data/6C/A5/B2/6CA5B2679C23504E8146A93CF8C6D779.xml

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<mods:title id="E024ACD56261ED1C6ECA92BAEDC72427">Studies of Neotropical tree pathogens in Moniliophthora: a new species, M. mayarum, and new combinations for Crinipellis ticoi and C. brasiliensis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A4C23DCD619D6644AD04279C94AD500">Niveiro, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CDE255B416DDA16F18ECFD53CF65EEE2">Instituto de Botanica del Nordeste (IBONE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (CONICET). Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209 Corrientes Capital, CP 3400, Argentina &amp; Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes Capital, CP 3400, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C75995DEBB574533F340A34BE57E325" type="email">niconiveiro@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="21B63BEA428531062A3D1DAEC8C443FC">Ramirez, Natalia A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="73C656EFFBC155B6E461DD266442DDDF">Instituto de Botanica del Nordeste (IBONE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (CONICET). Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209 Corrientes Capital, CP 3400, Argentina &amp; Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes Capital, CP 3400, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5C438F6F4E94C63F3B3F7A6035314E35">Michlig, Andrea</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="86F3BCAC57C815979A8151E1AA321B61">Instituto de Botanica del Nordeste (IBONE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (CONICET). Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209 Corrientes Capital, CP 3400, Argentina &amp; Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes Capital, CP 3400, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8B4F916007E96760FEB67566857509C1">Lodge, D. Jean</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="37196F7845D5EB5E840BF2DE3446FDD0">Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A90F03628FB70A53FD13ECEBE85151F3" type="email">dlodgester@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E2A1691BE503C3233A0E9ED90EB4E3EB">Aime, M. Catherine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4801B329635AF67BAAA1BEAD78B72C14">Department of Botany &amp; Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 - 2054, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F64A89A6F9FEECFD518A0250BCDFB626" type="email">maime@purdue.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="6CA5B2679C23504E8146A93CF8C6D779" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163417271" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6CA5B2679C23504E8146A93CF8C6D779" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6CA5B2679C23504E8146A93CF8C6D779" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection id="C2F1C62900045094376CE00681F5B08B" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0F45E4A24D7F7EB22A4B8A97C74A9B6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="90CDA6F266CB9FB31BF9E842F262821E" ID-CoL="9ZBXZ" LSID="6CA5B267-9C23-504E-8146-A93CF8C6D779" authority="(Halling) Niveiro, Ramirez, Lodge &amp; Aime" authorityName="Niveiro, Ramirez, Lodge &amp; Aime" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Niveiro, Ramirez, Lodge &amp; Aime" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Moniliophthora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Moniliophthora ticoi" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ticoi" status="comb. nov.">
Moniliophthora ticoi (Halling) Niveiro, 
<normalizedToken id="093B6AF784A6C45EDC621203D126DD8A" originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
, Lodge &amp; Aime
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9DC0521FBD57B05BBE6BC3F16F980CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="2D42108EE5C6F88AAB8DDFBD6382778C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Photographs of sister species, Moniliophthora mayarum and M. ticoi: A basidiomes of M. mayarum on piece of tree root in Belize (BZ- 511) (photo by S. Schmeiding) B-F Basidiomes of M. ticoi on trunks of Holocalix balansae (Fabaceae) and Pogonopus tubulosus (Rubiaceae) in Argentina. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.66.48711.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/395568" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figs 2B-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8B7F14310BF51178FFEE4010B12B59E3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Moniliophthora ticoi: A spores B basidia C cheilocystidia D pileipellis elements. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.66.48711.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/395570" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">, 4A-D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9D879AF91CEE381427AC9503434819AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DD45BC16E5A5C570A82CD8E847B24578" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
≡ 
<taxonomicName id="B37A0D32CDEB6B081CBD30EA7C547054" authorityName="Halling" authorityYear="1993" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Crinipellis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Crinipellis ticoi" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ticoi">Crinipellis ticoi</taxonomicName>
Halling, Mycotaxon 47: 379 (1993). Type: Bolivia. Beni, Iturralde, S of Rurrenabaque, Rio Tuichi near junction with Rio Beni, &quot;Laguna del Tigre&quot;, 
<geoCoordinate id="8D636BD1C4A0EE24BF5DB7D774983CFC" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-14.416667">14°25'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="F0EBB880022C3DAC03A9D734BE229D88" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.5">67°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, 14 Apr 1990, R.Halling 6433 (Isotype: NY!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FC074993A1850C78CBA9A30901FA12EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="60F54BA65612761B599BDC3D994D114A" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9289C1B7CC37ABFD936D11345075DF76" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="29983A94A4F6687F7CFFAE01C2000E91" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Pileus</emphasis>
7-40(-62) mm, parabolic to convex when young, convex to plane with age, with a shallow umbilicus, surface bright orange (7A8-8A8) with reddish to dark brown center (7C7-7C8), with a narrow light yellowish margin (6A7-6B7 to near 5A6-5A7), dry or moist but not hygrophanous, tomentose or subtomentose in disc, pubescent margin in young specimens, striate disc in young specimens, more marked at the margin, in mature or driest basidiomes with reddish to dark brown sulcate margin (7C8-8C8). 
<emphasis id="EB91208D2538E1D9D79F54765E2956CA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Lamellae</emphasis>
subdistant, 1 per mm, adnexed to narrowly adnate, thick and broad, not intervenose, concolorous with the pileus surface (7A8-6A8); edge entire, concolorous with sides, with 2 tiers lamellulae inserted. 
<emphasis id="69D5AAB800C063ECFB2AC63C9B6EA1CC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Stipe</emphasis>
18-68 
<normalizedToken id="761A1D492B82B5C0DA27C331B7EDC7A7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-3.5 mm, central, cylindrical, equal or slightly thinner towards the middle, sometimes with a small basal bulb, solid, surface orange to reddish (7A7-7A8) in young specimens, light orange, yellowish orange to creamy yellow (5A6-5A7 to 4A8) and brown (6D8-6D7) toward base in older specimens, densely pubescent at apex when young, then fibrillose-pruinose, dry, insititious. 
<emphasis id="B25368974C1576572CF98FD32B4CFDC3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Annulus</emphasis>
absent, but forming a strongly pubescent zone where the veil is inserted in young specimens. 
<emphasis id="72A1BCB4DC722D3826923EDA289E6EEA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Spore-print</emphasis>
not observed, presumably white. 
<emphasis id="253C957F1403D51C32E864C8B18935E0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Context</emphasis>
pale orange (5A5) in pileus, thin, fleshy in the center and membranous towards the margins, orange white (5A2) in stipe. Odor and taste not tested. KOH and NaOH reactions on pileus surface negative.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1CBAFE28F023B5AFC78EE85012423CC9" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.66.48711.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/395570" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="4040636B7544C1496162F61A16D18985" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="CEB001330E897956C7A50AECC18AD176" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1D35835C0EA1C31D0B2246123034AE18" authorityName="Niveiro, Ramirez, Lodge &amp; Aime" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Niveiro, Ramirez, Lodge &amp; Aime" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Moniliophthora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Moniliophthora ticoi" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ticoi">
<emphasis id="94DD6278406F1A389C59FE00A8E253ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Moniliophthora ticoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B541F44D94DB6DD93960512BCA008E72" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
spores 
<emphasis id="92B1BF2A04E5C462C64ACFD998C53A3D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
basidia 
<emphasis id="5CECBB848FDF1F26C9FEB44197AEB320" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
cheilocystidia 
<emphasis id="B3749709890428D44E95F7B57C1B90F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
pileipellis elements. Scale bars: 10 
<normalizedToken id="EF49BBF45B57BB7899868289F9F16A9A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B25C67B6208563C20298855BDF55C96C" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="7A0B51266926E310EED523AF242FC9E5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Basidiospores</emphasis>
(9.5-)10.5-13.7 
<normalizedToken id="EA6323B9D90D977575C899C3E7014705" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(3.8-)4.5-6.3 
<normalizedToken id="C962C0C87640DA8F79D3F765FE29276A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis id="FC0C6571725252AD10A4D62587BCC34A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">x</emphasis>
= 12.1 +/-0.8 
<normalizedToken id="C0A5D067E09836B0C0C4F31748CD1EC3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.4 +/-0.4 
<normalizedToken id="6A2C26A2E53C7E73D83AFDE914934A01" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; Q= 2.11-2.67; Q 
<emphasis id="E69AEB4AE7DCB920C5163A6D55E8CC6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">x</emphasis>
= 2.38 +/-0.1; n= 60; N=2; oblong to subcylindrical, phaseoliform in side view, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid, without germ-pore. 
<emphasis id="AF2C71DCA5EF3C02C1D4C62744B0F990" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Basidia</emphasis>
34.3-58 
<normalizedToken id="64FF12D6949CAF0887BAD60272800236" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.7-8.6 
<normalizedToken id="B0B5B91EE4D4B2677A4AAA737BA0B50A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, subcylindrical to narrowly clavate, 4-spored. 
<emphasis id="1AA02846CA6D845D70595FAEDD069A6D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
absent. 
<emphasis id="E402CB99AD06B294B5FB125512FBCD8E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
32-43 
<normalizedToken id="C1572DE3372971321790C71545E9D691" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7-10 
<normalizedToken id="DC02402773659CE47206B390662E04A8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, subcylindrical to narrowly clavate, inconspicuous, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. 
<emphasis id="20BD711BA5B1F0E6ACC4F38005ACBFD5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Hymenophoral trama</emphasis>
subregular, hyphae 40-150 
<normalizedToken id="2904265242105420901F2C07D64D8160" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-12 
<normalizedToken id="0C60307C4CC764417E58FD0318F89F23" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, smooth, thin-walled, with clamp-connections. 
<emphasis id="14F77AF82E2D8D36853A78F4EF183E30" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a cutis of repent, more or less interwoven hyphae, 4-15 
<normalizedToken id="C1F83A995239747B88AB97907EAF969F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
broad, occasionally with incrusted pigments, covered by clusters of dextrinoid hairs and chains of thin-walled monilioid, inamyloid hyphae. 
<emphasis id="C90400F69D373490575750EAA485ECFD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Hairs of the pileus surface</emphasis>
setiform, scattered on the surface, distributed mainly towards the margin, arising from a pileipellis, 90-560 
<normalizedToken id="EEB3D7F34987D837B1CB25B681EA83A1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.5-9 
<normalizedToken id="D47718D8C70E1F6EFF2102B54A70F361" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, dextrinoid, thick-walled, hyphal walls 1.5-3 
<normalizedToken id="1AC65A6F52D2BD357885BDA98A5A83FC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, with basal clamp-connection, occasionally 1 or 2 septate, with obtuse apex. 
<emphasis id="1E5B1C6A56E3670D674A9C903A486909" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
a cutis of repent hyphae, 6-10 
<normalizedToken id="AA48C80B671C45C1CB0F38901158920B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
broad, with abundant dextrinoid hairs, 40-370 
<normalizedToken id="EDA614855BFDD688568C08C8A51CD6A4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-10 
<normalizedToken id="E67179649AC834520D6EF983E8072525" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, setiform, thick-walled, with obtuse apex, basal clamp-connections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4D144C570316E10256F712026BF2DF1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="01D834791A359B07415D443B493F40CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2DF66C49B27F689FD40CAB4A9E5E723" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
This species is known from Bolivia (
<bibRefCitation id="BBBEDAE43644E832DF441D9EA3EC02F3" author="Halling, R" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="379 - 385" refId="B11" refString="Halling, R, 1993. Two new Crinipellinae (Tricholomataceae: Marasmiae) from South America. Mycotaxon 47: 379 - 385" title="Two new Crinipellinae (Tricholomataceae: Marasmiae) from South America." volume="47" year="1993">Halling 1993</bibRefCitation>
) and northern Argentina (Yungas and Chaco region).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1C87CC465FA51E5BDC0EC350ED42AFE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="F95301152B21F28AB6CCC7DCFC6AC5D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2FDD2C1073C29016E21520DB347C83E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
Gregarious. Parasitic on living roots and trunks of 
<taxonomicName id="F4DA9C59B7C1E150C59F1875C10C1328" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrcianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrcianthes pungens" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pungens">
<emphasis id="6588709DA5DE52F6C90E8CF4CCD93702" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Myrcianthes pungens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(O.Berg) D.Legrand, (
<taxonomicName id="7201785D78F11DB316438DD37FAFF1B5" authorityName="O.C.Berg" authorityYear="1856" family="Myrtaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
) 
<taxonomicName id="10AF04722AAF37561CC7BCDD5EEEAA4C" genus="Holocalix" lsidName="Holocalix balansae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="balansae">
<emphasis id="7723BCB81C1FAE54B289FCB6096D3940" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Holocalix balansae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Micheli (
<taxonomicName id="D0EBF8FA3015D88B3D6D31F3746B1861" family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="3D6CEA91E0FE9391749EBBD39AE1D7D6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pogonopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pogonopus tubulosus" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tubulosus">
<emphasis id="6B76CCB902E783B0185DF27567151E95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Pogonopus tubulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A.Rich.) K-Schum (
<taxonomicName id="6AA67F82A84F12AC394912F0FF6C474B" family="Rubiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
), in tropical and subtropical forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BBD152511A6A733485D182514E4F6076" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="specimens studied">
<paragraph id="D5348F6D673E7798ACEAF61A09C89772" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Specimens studied.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E14FA3430F3D6FCEA84F8638F67E21AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
Argentina • Chaco, 1° de Mayo, Colonia Benitez Educational Reserve, interpretative trail; 
<geoCoordinate id="3EA077235BE7A7AAD85804CDF7C01BA0" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="04.12" value="-27.317812">27°19'04.12&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="032F63298A0E4E84069A96F009E3900E" degrees="058" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.58" value="-58.949883">058°56'59.58&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 64 m a.s.l.; on 
<normalizedToken id="E8FE38DB12B40C59F74873C459892D9D" originalValue="Guabiyú">Guabiyu</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName id="50675A232B74382A0AAA3E26024C1EFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrcianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrcianthes pungens" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pungens">
<emphasis id="16C28C53F83AC0439CB7207ACD777D1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Myrcianthes pungens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName id="B02668B5F6A3DF2137E032857B01B167" authorityName="O.C.Berg" authorityYear="1856" family="Myrtaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
) trunk and roots; 21.III.2014; N. 
<normalizedToken id="7E74B6EC0E368ED556239AE8C5C345BC" originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
&amp; N.Niveiro CB 23-65 (CTES). • Ibid., on trunk and roots of 
<normalizedToken id="E074BD3836CC4A7E674A1FD1CC5EBF8A" originalValue="Alecrín">Alecrin</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName id="3F999A79A6265D52CD65146DBDAB42A6" genus="Holocalix" lsidName="Holocalix balansae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="balansae">
<emphasis id="A98A0BBE2351F518BE28507ACAB635DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Holocalix balansae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName id="AB449933262F70822439BFD35EE7355B" family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
); 22.III.2016; N. 
<normalizedToken id="BE11A445CB44C9F6784C282B80AD425D" originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
&amp; N.Niveiro 103, 105 (CTES). • Jujuy, Ledesma, Calilegua National Park, Guarani trail; 23°45'66.1&quot;S, 
<geoCoordinate id="91B36D3DA9C09DCC18973C0774FEE7E2" degrees="064" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="15.0" value="-64.854164">064°51'15.0&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 627 m a.s.l.; on montane forest, on 
<taxonomicName id="7D30C3A75F088F46F186E287953057EE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pogonopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pogonopus tubulosus" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tubulosus">
<emphasis id="598E95D9BA4E0F29EC23CEE3090DCB7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Pogonopus tubulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="F32901576A001BD8E2D2283298B073B0" family="Rubiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
); 24.III.2011; N.Niveiro, E. 
<normalizedToken id="7E0EEC46CAB6F51D915B2A668784EFCE" originalValue="Albertó">Alberto</normalizedToken>
, B.Lechner &amp; T.Baroni 2249 (CTES). Bolivia • Beni, Iturralde, S of Rurrenabaque, Rio Tuichi near junction with Rio Beni, &quot;Laguna del Tigre&quot;; 
<geoCoordinate id="1475C01A77C4825B92F7A2FEED43CDF6" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-14.416667">14°25'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C3CECB0FA7A679E02DA6DF726000245E" degrees="067" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.5">067°30'W</geoCoordinate>
; 14.IV.1990; R.Halling 6433 (
<emphasis id="4F9E76033E6E65D0FB516A96563B38F1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Isotype</emphasis>
: NY00511157!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67423E5E9109D894ED33700813521E1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="observations">
<paragraph id="7E97DF6E0D0C0DF523D554D6704CA5FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Observations.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="069D354153B28A07EB458588E48C7300" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
This species was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EAB11C766ECB1277447DE0F70D71A9C1" author="Halling, R" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="379 - 385" refId="B11" refString="Halling, R, 1993. Two new Crinipellinae (Tricholomataceae: Marasmiae) from South America. Mycotaxon 47: 379 - 385" title="Two new Crinipellinae (Tricholomataceae: Marasmiae) from South America." volume="47" year="1993">Halling (1993)</bibRefCitation>
from Bolivian specimens. It is characterized by its relatively large, bright orange basidiomes, covered with scattered dextrinoid setiform hairs. The most similar species is 
<taxonomicName id="8272A547CF620BE6458F15B373B005A2" lsidName="M. mayarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="mayarum">
<emphasis id="4CBFE4BC93DD8A6B59F6FFAAD8F71290" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">M. mayarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which shares morphological characters such as the large basidiomes with bright orange coloration. These two species, however, differ clearly by the smaller spores and by the presence of ornamented cheilocystidia in 
<taxonomicName id="FFA2B3BD730EBFF06A9584477394FE9B" lsidName="M. mayarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="mayarum">
<emphasis id="541AEF2AC90DCB1E5C20A0A5E71AF88B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">M. mayarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another similar species is 
<taxonomicName id="D0D666338CA95B6278A9716BDF48876E" lsidName="M. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis id="ECDC98DAC905CAC455A378FC228D5860" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">M. aurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from American Samoa (
<bibRefCitation id="8C05C7FDC6D4665DD2ED54493A5E4181" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5248/120.493" author="Kropp, BR" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="493 - 503" refId="B17" refString="Kropp, BR, Albee-Scott, S, 2012. Moniliophthora aurantiaca sp. nov., a Polynesian species occurring in littoral forest. Mycotaxon 120: 493 - 503, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5248/120.493" title="Moniliophthora aurantiaca sp. nov., a Polynesian species occurring in littoral forest." url="https://doi.org/10.5248/120.493" volume="120" year="2012">Kropp and Albee-Scott 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Both share the orange colored pileus surface with a narrow light yellowish margin. However, they differ in that 
<taxonomicName id="5F497E22E318252B8CA35CC2DD9325E4" lsidName="M. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis id="87FFFEB5E205DE6739948F6787FAE011" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">M. aurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the smaller pileus (3-15 mm broad), smaller basidiospores (7.5-11 
<normalizedToken id="FA6D092ACB984966AEA47B53CEDB7B3A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-8 
<normalizedToken id="8713F11D702D769FE30DF841A7288B0A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) and numerous cheilocystidia with several irregular apical appendages resembling fingers (Kroop and Albee-Scott 2012). Another similar species is 
<taxonomicName id="DE0542E338CB47728E74B23BAC6E1D8D" lsidName="C. hygrocybioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="hygrocybioides">
<emphasis id="9203C4C8022E9CDEC7FB735D76D34A66" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. hygrocybioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Henn.) Singer from Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="1B6A512E066E3835CD3193AF7C1D87AE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2537" author="Singer, R" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana, Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 133" refId="B30" refString="Singer, R, 1989. New taxa and new combinations of Agaricales (Diagnoses fungorum novorum agaricalium IV). Fieldiana, Botany 21: 1 - 133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2537" title="New taxa and new combinations of Agaricales (Diagnoses fungorum novorum agaricalium IV)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2537" volume="21" year="1989">Singer 1989</bibRefCitation>
), however this is a smaller fungus (pileus 6-11 mm broad) with an umbilicate to papilate pileus that is pilose at the margin (
<bibRefCitation id="7A4151AFCBA1AC89CA94A90F0D06E665" author="Halling, R" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="379 - 385" refId="B11" refString="Halling, R, 1993. Two new Crinipellinae (Tricholomataceae: Marasmiae) from South America. Mycotaxon 47: 379 - 385" title="Two new Crinipellinae (Tricholomataceae: Marasmiae) from South America." volume="47" year="1993">Halling 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Based on its morphological characters such as the bright orange pileus surface, 
<taxonomicName id="D7ADA26E051ACB675A04CCB0B4796850" lsidName="C. hygrociboides" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="hygrociboides">
<emphasis id="A49670D16D59CA0D2C72B8D13539F24A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. hygrociboides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be included in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="69DCAA4327D0AA5FD165F0E85DB470EF" genus="Moniliphthora" lsidName="Moniliphthora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E26EEF0FD4DEAF8133B8D0444BAF41FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Moniliphthora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but new collections are needed to elucidate its habitat and to obtain sequences and corroborate this hypothesis (currently there are not sequences available for 
<taxonomicName id="57463DE8DA8B359C5E66ED97409437B0" lsidName="C. hygrocybioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="hygrocybioides">
<emphasis id="C7B5CA4BAAB59F4F716A24EA3DF53AA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. hygrocybioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2445CD525B9376BF55A6DFB3B606BCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
Other known parasitic Neotropical species are 
<taxonomicName id="FF7AB0846EF2F11545049ED024E641B3" lsidName="M. perniciosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="perniciosa">
<emphasis id="FCD3D803A65BD5039C713AC87E3899D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">M. perniciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BC0FAAC9BCB9AA4E756305B1FF2D121B" lsidName="C. trinitatis" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="6DED73357270881F450C3ED7B381D0C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dennis and 
<taxonomicName id="7C0A1AE4943062EA9CEA441532578414" lsidName="C. siparunae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="siparunae">
<emphasis id="E0C573C71D92F87741FBFBAECC904FC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. siparunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Singer. 
<taxonomicName id="8CD705507F1ECE48941345788837F823" authorityName="Aime &amp; Phillips-Mora" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Stahel" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Moniliophthora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Moniliophthora perniciosa" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="perniciosa">
<emphasis id="2216CCC426B361094BE24909E46102E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Moniliophthora perniciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a destructive parasite of 
<taxonomicName id="98D08DF0087EF1BA3886719550ACC72E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Theobroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Theobroma cacao" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">
<emphasis id="1157CD439171A5A5B79BEC62AF6D421E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Theobroma cacao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differs in having smaller basidiomes (pileus up to 25 mm diam) with a red pileus surface and white stipe (
<bibRefCitation id="1DEC5AAC33961F475485EDDDDF4FC92E" author="Singer, R" journalOrPublisher="Flora Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 347" refId="B29" refString="Singer, R, 1976. Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica 17: 1 - 347" title="Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae)." volume="17" year="1976">Singer 1976</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8B47194783F621903AEF495D7897FAE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.5.1012" author="Aime, MC" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1012 - 1022" refId="B1" refString="Aime, MC, Phillips-Mora, W, 2005. The causal agents of witches' broom and frosty pod rot of cacao (chocolate, Theobroma cacao) form a new lineage of Marasmiaceae. Mycologia 97: 1012 - 1022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.5.1012" title="The causal agents of witches' broom and frosty pod rot of cacao (chocolate, Theobroma cacao) form a new lineage of Marasmiaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.5.1012" volume="97" year="2005">Aime and Phillips-Mora 2005</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="AA75F801269815CB7B3B56D9EA695482" authorityName="Dennis" authorityYear="1970" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Crinipellis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Crinipellis trinitatis" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="CE3910039F4A9202D65686E31706DE15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Crinipellis trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a smaller, red pileus and smaller spores [5-7 
<normalizedToken id="E6E3F1FC87775159F28148EB5402B2D3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-4 
<normalizedToken id="54228A73F4D6BEC7FE7D548D63CA7CDA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
ss. 
<bibRefCitation id="23AD172EF98571111865A398E07AE5F6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(51)80030-5" author="Dennis, RWG" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the British Mycological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="411 - 482" refId="B6" refString="Dennis, RWG, 1951. Some Agaricaceae from Trinidad and Venezuela. Leucosporae: Part 1. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 34: 411 - 482, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(51)80030-5" title="Some Agaricaceae from Trinidad and Venezuela. Leucosporae: Part 1." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(51)80030-5" volume="34" year="1951">Dennis (1951)</bibRefCitation>
and 7-9 
<normalizedToken id="BB823E2C8B3080AEEF1CAE347F470F29" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-5 
<normalizedToken id="047CCA06ACF9A80A9C91C48CF0D11480" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
ss. 
<bibRefCitation id="E6768AE73C755C38BC68D5559D4B22CC" author="Pegler, DN" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin Additional Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 668" refId="B23" refString="Pegler, DN, 1983. Agaric Flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 9: 1 - 668" title="Agaric Flora of the Lesser Antilles." volume="9" year="1983">Pegler (1983)</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1272FA4740311C7E70F321814A6083CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="F2BE881162C43A05A9FC258ED259E1BD" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1943" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Crinipellis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Crinipellis siparunae" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="siparunae">
<emphasis id="AEC86E0F01030F58DD0841E6ADB5E54E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Crinipellis siparunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widely distributed species that is microscopically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="FDEA5DF409C12D676688D2963AB96285" lsidName="M. ticoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="ticoi">
<emphasis id="0960F90C72861408E1FEDA110348E863" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">M. ticoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially regarding the range of spore size. However, 
<taxonomicName id="7F5E3DA1878CA060A6C8AC25B6845F03" lsidName="C. siparunae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="siparunae">
<emphasis id="6A97116CB1EFC37D7F5A0027BE8E7E4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. siparunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by its lilac to brownish lilac pileus surface and by its appendiculate cheilocystidia (
<bibRefCitation id="3BC456C0735CBB47BEE227D86A4666DF" author="Singer, R" journalOrPublisher="Lilloa" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="441 - 533" refId="B28" refString="Singer, R, 1942. A monographic study of the genera Crinipellis and Chaetocalathus. Lilloa 8: 441 - 533" title="A monographic study of the genera Crinipellis and Chaetocalathus." volume="8" year="1942">Singer 1942</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="1BA7B72D5E8CDC946CA743BE5EA4F6FA" author="Singer, R" journalOrPublisher="Flora Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 347" refId="B29" refString="Singer, R, 1976. Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica 17: 1 - 347" title="Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae)." volume="17" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
). A taxon thought to be closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="11727DEB8CA0438D3C8BF1D424A92B86" lsidName="C. siparunae" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="siparunae">
<emphasis id="174CEB78CBC321823207ED3E725A887A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. siparunae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="0EF4997C97B6CD0C5E88EA5329ED82AE" lsidName="C. eggersii subsp. var. var. lilaciceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="variety" species="eggersii" subSpecies="var." variety="lilaciceps">C. eggersii Pat. var. lilaciceps</taxonomicName>
Singer and described from Amazonian Ecuador shares unornamented cheilocystidia with 
<taxonomicName id="3F557AD8A639A50A50C437768D789E45" lsidName="C. ticoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="ticoi">
<emphasis id="74F427E3DDF0DD41C95FCD646963668A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">C. ticoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it differs from the latter in having a violet to lilac vs orange pileus, and broader basidiospores 6-6.5 
<normalizedToken id="51A05860CE881EE2B2D8C6B49DDE8D00" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(3.8-)4.5-6.3 
<normalizedToken id="0F68701443762FC7DB2FD72A65D5FCDE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4928DE262202A021A882CDD0764C5087" author="Singer, R" journalOrPublisher="Flora Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 347" refId="B29" refString="Singer, R, 1976. Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica 17: 1 - 347" title="Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae)." volume="17" year="1976">Singer 1976</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="6A6335348A5032F22D2E99FD3328E8AB" author="Kerekes, JF" journalOrPublisher="Fungal Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="101 - 151" refId="B13" refString="Kerekes, JF, Desjardin, DE, 2009. A monograph of the genera Crinipellis and Moniliophthora from Southeast Asia including molecular phylogeny of the nrITS region. Fungal Diversity 37: 101 - 151" title="A monograph of the genera Crinipellis and Moniliophthora from Southeast Asia including molecular phylogeny of the nrITS region." volume="37" year="2009">Kerekes and Desjardin 2009</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="DCE3778C2D9F9AD399DCA5656AFB44A7" authority="var. eggersii" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Crinipellis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Crinipellis eggersii subsp. var. var. eggersii" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="eggersii" subSpecies="var." variety="eggersii">Crinipellis eggersii var. eggersii</taxonomicName>
, which includes the facultative synonym 
<taxonomicName id="681CFD97EBA31FC475B6FF216499F755" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius vinosus" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="vinosus">
<emphasis id="54224917DBE6A0A13790379CDC537442" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Marasmius vinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Speg. described from Argentina, has similar spore dimensions (mostly 11-13 
<normalizedToken id="442D5FDA560F6AECD7246147934A3C8B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.5-6.3 
<normalizedToken id="78359720C60BA9F02154C8F0CEFC6308" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
) but differs in having a purple to violet purple pileus and a variety of cheilocystidia shapes (ampullaceous, fusiform, cylindrical or clavate and mostly forked, obtuse or mucronate, sometimes with a subcapitate or capitate apex).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2DDB45FE96538F50394773B9AB40374" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
Of the three recent collections in northern Argentina, the specimens of the Yungas forest (Niveiro et al. 2249) closely resemble the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="2C264FB167BD82304893A080DF730D2F" lsidName="M. ticoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="ticoi">
<emphasis id="894BFD7F724A64437139E77D49520453" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">M. ticoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with specimens not exceeding 40 mm broad and having a bright red pileus surface (
<bibRefCitation id="DA91BC3663C05392158AA51A951421EB" author="Halling, R" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="379 - 385" refId="B11" refString="Halling, R, 1993. Two new Crinipellinae (Tricholomataceae: Marasmiae) from South America. Mycotaxon 47: 379 - 385" title="Two new Crinipellinae (Tricholomataceae: Marasmiae) from South America." volume="47" year="1993">Halling 1993</bibRefCitation>
). However, the specimens of the Chaco region differ in having larger basidiomes up to 60 mm broad, and a paler coloration (orange with a yellowish margin), differences that may be due to the drier weather conditions in the Chaco region. Another important difference observed in the Argentinean specimens is the habitat. 
<bibRefCitation id="91DB2CE9511683C0E042AE6C0E01AB12" author="Halling, R" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="379 - 385" refId="B11" refString="Halling, R, 1993. Two new Crinipellinae (Tricholomataceae: Marasmiae) from South America. Mycotaxon 47: 379 - 385" title="Two new Crinipellinae (Tricholomataceae: Marasmiae) from South America." volume="47" year="1993">Halling (1993)</bibRefCitation>
found this species growing on rotten wood, however, the new specimens examined were growing on tree trunks and roots of living trees, confirming a biotrophic habit for this species during at least part of its life history.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>