357 lines
43 KiB
XML
357 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="407C2B50BED99388EDD69FA981CF7576" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5033.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5499124" ID-ZooBank="4314F784-A510-4F36-9E11-ED1EAC83CEBF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1631246977811" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Johnson, Robert A." docDate="2021" docId="5027B677FF84A44FFF25FECDFB7B6EEA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5033.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5033 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5033.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pogonomyrmex excelsior Johnson 2021, NEW SPECIES" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="AC1ECE0FFFCAA41EFFB2FF86FFC76B0C" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part II" masterLastPageNumber="230" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1699406547276" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="897F490145D729009AB2647B42C1EEDE">
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<mods:title id="EB7B90EDF77E58493C69246C9C989508">A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part II</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CED260BE8ECA90DD4EE220F7A2EEB241" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="775CF572C4FD28F67133D0AFA4D7B8BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F9A8BD2FCE0A837D6813172D45FD2D63">Johnson, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="83A502E187E6E511CFDC6066BB53B1F9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B6683CBF8F0E546B379439C49E548421">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="11DC86A7C658B7CD2C5669026822B7F8">
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<mods:date id="36D06286FB4754EDF720016B72386D9F">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9CC6C67FF001D66EE349CEC8ED06A9B2" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="36691CA36BF0C4019DFCC3610DFCFD64">2021-09-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="477F11678E2511CA8C11AD1B12108DEA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="306A92017DA39D39D3F5EA0B77CB58DD">5033</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="7ABAED0F83F0824A5D3C9A7BB0542536" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A09939211669E745D9BDD38D432D379D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="BF043DF9933FB877C664C2FF64923011" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="A1271EA47F27D08C341189D14AAA6E46">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="594BEBC3E10A3568132CD0B82200F930">230</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location id="EA26169DF15264BBAECBBE9E5DF32D93">
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<mods:url id="598976CFB29A26ABFE9906B546126693">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5033.1.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="E3AA35C331DE004478C938BE0D916AA2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EC967C351C7A2A9F17D45B97764FA642" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5033.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BB872F70127CE6D559C51F3CFD17256F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="021A65119C3822451951A0B6D11FCBC2" type="Zenodo-Dep">5499124</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AFBA7575F212A1BF4309CFB964D78280" type="ZooBank">4314F784-A510-4F36-9E11-ED1EAC83CEBF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="5027B677FF84A44FFF25FECDFB7B6EEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5499176" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF84A44FFF25FECDFB7B6EEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5027B677FF84A44FFF25FECDFB7B6EEA" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection id="909454EAFF84A450FF25FECDFD506A68" box="[151,663,330,357]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D8310761FF84A450FF25FECDFD506A68" blockId="78.[151,663,330,428]" box="[151,663,330,357]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<heading id="8379B00DFF84A450FF25FECDFD506A68" bold="true" box="[151,663,330,357]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF84A450FF25FECDFD506A68" bold="true" box="[151,663,330,357]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF84A450FF25FECDFE0E6A69" authority="Johnson, 2021" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,457,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excelsior" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF84A450FF25FECDFE0E6A69" bold="true" box="[151,457,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Pogonomyrmex excelsior</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1C96608FF84A450FE62FECCFD506A68" box="[464,663,330,356]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">NEW SPECIES</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="909454EAFF84A44FFF25FEE8FEF568E2" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF84A450FF25FEE8FED16A85" blockId="78.[151,663,330,428]" box="[151,278,366,393]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF84A450FF2DFEE8FEC96A85" box="[159,270,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-15@79.[415,1172,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 35. Photographs of Pogonomyrmex excelsior holotype worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0922462). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499230/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 35</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D8310761FF84A450FF25FE14FEAC6AA0" blockId="78.[151,663,330,428]" box="[151,363,402,428]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Distribution—36A</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D8310761FF84A450FF25FE5CFCBB6988" blockId="78.[151,1437,474,2013]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF84A450FF25FE5CFB186915" collectingDate="2015-04-01" collectionCode="MACN" collectorName="R. A. Johnson" country="Argentina" county="Departamento Susques" elevation="4080" latitude="-23.4" location="Jct Rutas" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="-66.52" municipality="Susques" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCode="CASENT0922462" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jujuy" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF84A450FF25FE5CFF386AF8" box="[151,255,474,500]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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worker [
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<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF84A450FED5FE5CFE056AF8" box="[359,450,474,500]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
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||
:
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<specimenCode id="8828AF1AFF84A450FE7DFE5CFD616AF9" box="[463,678,474,501]" collectionCode="CASENT" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">CASENT0922462</specimenCode>
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||
]:
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<collectingCountry id="A09947F1FF84A450FD05FE5CFC9A6AF8" box="[695,861,474,500]" name="Argentina" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="1A4AC983FF84A450FCD8FE5CFC6C6AF8" box="[874,939,474,500]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingCounty id="31507FEDFF84A450FC0AFE5DFB796AF8" box="[952,1214,474,501]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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||
Departamento
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<collectingMunicipality id="38559D1BFF84A450FBEDFE5CFB796AF8" box="[1119,1214,474,500]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Susques</collectingMunicipality>
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||
</collectingCounty>
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,
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<location id="DD5151BAFF84A450FB79FE5DFAF46AF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF84A44FFF25FECDFB7B6EEA:DD5151BAFF84A450FB79FE5DFAF46AF9" box="[1227,1331,475,501]" country="Argentina" county="Departamento Susques" latitude="-23.4" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="-66.52" municipality="Susques" name="Jct Rutas" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" stateProvince="Jujuy">Jct Rutas</location>
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52 & 16 (
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<locationDeviation id="C9831E43FF84A450FF2DFE78FE466914" box="[159,385,510,537]" location="Susques" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF84A450FF2DFE78FF3B6914" box="[159,252,510,536]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="km" value="16.7">16.7 km</quantity>
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W Susques
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</locationDeviation>
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),
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<geoCoordinate id="BDBA61A6FF84A450FE26FE78FDC56914" box="[404,514,510,536]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="24.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="-23.4">23º24.0’S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="BDBA61A6FF84A450FDBAFE78FD456914" box="[520,642,510,536]" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="31.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="92" value="-66.52">66º31.2’W</geoCoordinate>
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, 13,470 (
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<quantity id="1F76AA84FF84A450FD55FE78FC876915" box="[743,832,510,537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.08" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="4080.0">
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||
<elevation id="53A3E052FF84A450FD55FE78FC876915" box="[743,832,510,537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.08" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="4080.0">4080 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
),
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<date id="AC3021A1FF84A450FCE6FE78FC186915" box="[852,991,510,537]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2015-04-01">
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||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF84A450FCE6FE78FC186915" box="[852,991,510,537]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2015-04-01">1 April 2015</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
(
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<collectorName id="757B62B7FF84A450FC5CFE78FB416914" box="[1006,1158,510,536]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">R.A. Johnson</collectorName>
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||
#5417)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF84A450FB5BFE79FE186931" collectingDate="2015-04-01" collectionCode="IFML" collectorName="R. A. Johnson" country="Argentina" county="Departamento Susques" elevation="4080" latitude="-23.4" location="Jct Rutas" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="-66.52" municipality="Susques" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jujuy" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF84A450FB5BFE79FA9E6915" box="[1257,1369,511,537]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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, same data as holotype:
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<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF84A450FEECFDA5FE676931" box="[350,416,547,573]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">IFML</collectionCode>
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(6w)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF84A450FE5EFDA4FD4A6930" box="[492,653,546,572]" collectingDate="2015-04-01" collectionCode="MACN" collectorName="R. A. Johnson" country="Argentina" county="Departamento Susques" elevation="4080" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-23.4" location="Jct Rutas" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="-66.52" municipality="Susques" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jujuy" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF84A450FE5EFDA4FD876930" box="[492,576,546,572]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
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(12w)
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</materialsCitation>
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, LACM (6w), MCZC (6w), RAJC (24w), UCDC (3w), USNM (3w). Additional
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<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF84A450FEABFDC1FEBE696D" box="[281,377,583,609]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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series from the
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<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF84A450FD8AFDC1FBB7696C" box="[568,1136,582,609]" collectingDate="2015-04-01" collectionCode="MACN" collectorName="R. A. Johnson" country="Argentina" county="Departamento Susques" elevation="4080" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-23.4" location="Jct Rutas" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="-66.52" municipality="Susques" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jujuy" typeStatus="paratype">
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same locality and date–RAJ #5418:
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<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF84A450FC69FDC0FBE8696C" box="[987,1071,582,608]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
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(3w)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF84A450FBCCFDC0FAC2696D" box="[1150,1285,582,609]" collectingDate="2015-04-01" collectionCode="RAJC" collectorName="R. A. Johnson" country="Argentina" county="Departamento Susques" elevation="4080" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-23.4" location="Jct Rutas" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="-66.52" municipality="Susques" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jujuy" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF84A450FBCCFDC0FB05696C" box="[1150,1218,582,608]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">RAJC</collectionCode>
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||
(6w)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
; RAJ #5419: IFML (3w),
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<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF84A450FE91FDECFE726988" box="[291,437,618,644]" collectingDate="2015-04-01" collectionCode="MACN" collectorName="R. A. Johnson" country="Argentina" county="Departamento Susques" elevation="4080" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-23.4" location="Jct Rutas" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="-66.52" municipality="Susques" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jujuy" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF84A450FE91FDECFEB06988" box="[291,375,618,644]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
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||
(3w)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
, MCZC (3w), RAJC (9w), USNM (3w).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF84A450FF75FD08FD2A6851" blockId="78.[151,1437,474,2013]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF84A450FF75FD08FE6469A4" bold="true" box="[199,419,654,680]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Worker diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Workers of this species are uniquely characterized by the following combination of features: (1) striae extend over anterior two-thirds or more of medial portion of first gastral tergum, posterolateral margins usually smooth and shining, (2) head dark reddish-black to blackish-red; malar area, gaster blackish to black; mesosoma and gaster dark blackish-red to black; in dorsal view, pronotum darker than mesonotum for some to all workers in a series, and (3) restricted to high elevation and altiplano habitats (>
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF84A450FBBFFC98FBA46835" box="[1037,1123,798,825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
|
||
) of northwestern
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||
<collectingCountry id="A09947F1FF84A450FA94FC98FA5F6834" box="[1318,1432,798,824]" name="Argentina" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northeastern
|
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<collectingCountry id="A09947F1FF84A450FE9BFCC4FEAF6850" box="[297,360,834,860]" name="Chile" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Chile</collectingCountry>
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||
, and probably
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09947F1FF84A450FDBFFCC4FD986850" box="[525,607,834,860]" name="Bolivia" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF84A450FDDCFCC4FD186851" box="[622,735,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-15@79.[415,1172,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 35. Photographs of Pogonomyrmex excelsior holotype worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0922462). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499230/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF84A450FF75FCE0FD0068E1" blockId="78.[151,1437,474,2013]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF84A450FF75FCE0FEB1688C" bold="true" box="[199,374,870,896]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF84A450FE21FCE0FE33688C" box="[403,500,870,896]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF84A450FDB1FCE1FDD6688C" box="[515,529,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6 +
|
||
<specimenCount id="CE88CCE8FF84A450FDE4FCE0FD1D688D" box="[598,730,870,897]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">6 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
). HL 1.62 (1.44–1.76); HW 1.64 (1.49–1.75); MOD 0.36 (0.34– 0.39); OMD 0.40 (0.33–0.46); SL 1.29 (1.01–1.36); PNW 1.12 (1.02–1.21); HFL 1.80 (1.56–1.82); ML 1.80 (1.67– 2.05); PW 0.42 (0.35–0.48); PPW 0.59 (0.53–0.65). Indices: SI 78.66 (66.89–81.17); CI 101.23 (97.16–105.42); OI 21.95 (20.57–24.20); HFI 109.76 (97.01–106.37).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF84A450FF75FC70FCE46ECC" blockId="78.[151,1437,474,2013]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF84A450FF75FC70FE9E6F1C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1014,1040]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Head subquadrate to quadrate (CI = 97.16–105.42); posterior margin flat to weakly convex in full-face view. Longitudinal rugae on cephalic dorsum prominent, in full-face view, medial rugae diverging toward posterior corners of head; interrugae strongly granulate, with a beaded appearance, dull to weakly shining; posterior corners rugose, interrugae smooth and shining to weakly coriarious, weakly shining. Anterior margin of clypeus moderately concave, medial portion of clypeus with numerous subparallel, longitudinal rugae, occasionally rugae converge anterad to form up to several concentric narrowly rounded Vs. Numerous long, curved, bristle-like, yellowish macrochaetae project from anterior margin of clypeus and ventral side of mandibles. Mandibles with six or occasionally seven teeth; mandibular dorsum coarsely rugose. MOD ranging from 0.21–0.25× HL. In profile, eyes situated slightly anterior to middle of head, OMD = 0.97–1.25× MOD. In full-face view, eyes protruding slightly beyond lateral margins of head. Antennal scapes (SI = 66.89–81.17) failing to reach posterior corners of head by width of basal funicular segment to reaching posterior corners.Antennal scapes moderately striate, striae weakening distally, interstriae weakly coriarious, weakly shining to smooth and shining; basal flange moderately well developed with carinate margin. Psammophore well developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF84A450FF75FA4CFCB36C98" blockId="78.[151,1437,474,2013]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Mesosomal profile weakly to moderately convex; all mesosomal surfaces with prominent, regular to irregular, subparallel-parallel rugae or sometimes rugoreticulate. In dorsal view, humeral shoulders of pronotum enlarged, strongly angulate. Promesonotal suture usually present. Regular to irregular longitudinal rugae on mesonotum usually with numerous short, lateral branches to weakly rugoreticulate. Rugae on mesonotum continue to anterior margin of pronotum
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF84A450FE37F9DDFE596D79" bold="true" box="[389,414,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">or</emphasis>
|
||
anterior margin with one to few transverse rugae; rugae on pronotum regular to irregular with numerous branches; rugae on pronotal sides irregular, usually with numerous secondary rugae to rugoreticulate; rugae usually weaker on pronotal sides (especially posterad) than on mesopleura. Wavy to irregular rugae on mesopleura angle posterodorsally; transverse or oblique rugae on dorsum of propodeum traverse ventrally or anteroventrally on sides. Superior propodeal spines consist of acuminate denticles, teeth, or spines, longest about 0.4× the distance between their bases; spines usually connected by well defined keel. Inferior propodeal spines triangular, wider than high, apex weakly rounded to acuminate, often taller than superior spines. Propodeal spiracles narrowly ovate facing posterad. Interrugae on mesosoma strongly granulate, dull, pronotal sides and mesopleura especially granulate. Legs weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF84A44FFF75F818FDEF6AF9" blockId="78.[151,1437,474,2013]" lastBlockId="81.[151,1437,151,1510]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Peduncle of petiole about 0.8× the length of petiolar node, anteroventral margin with poorly developed rounded process to a broadly-rounded tongue-shaped process. In profile, posterior surface of petiolar node weakly convex; petiolar node asymmetrical with anterior surface shorter than posterior surface, apex weakly rounded to subangulate. In dorsal view, petiolar node longer than wide, widest near narrowly-rounded to spatulate anterior margin. Posterior surface of petiolar node with irregular, transverse, oblique, longitudinal rugae, or in a combination of directions. Dorsum of postpetiole convex in profile; in dorsal view, widest near posterior margin, narrowing to anterior margin, width and length similar; posterad rugae transverse, anterad rugae transverse or traversing from lateral margin then curving anterad to become longitudinal; anterolateral rugae concentric, curving from lateral to anterior margin. Rugae on dorsum of postpetiole finer, denser than those on posterior surface of petiolar node, interrugae weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining. Striae cover anterior two-thirds or more of medial portion of first gastral tergum, posterior margin smooth and shining, occasionally moderately coriarious, weakly shining; posterolateral margins smooth and shining.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8CF157E9FF85A451FF25F805FB7D6CB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5499230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499230/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[151,250,1923,1947]" targetBox="[415,1171,181,1899]" targetPageId="79">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF85A451FF25F805FB7D6CB3" blockId="79.[151,1437,1923,1983]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF85A451FF25F805FEDF6C97" bold="true" box="[151,280,1923,1947]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 35</emphasis>
|
||
. Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF85A451FE76F802FD036C97" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[452,708,1923,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF85A451FE76F802FD036C97" box="[452,708,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Pogonomyrmex excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0922462). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8CF157E9FF9AA44EFF25F816FD996CC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499232" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5499232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499232/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[151,250,1936,1960]" targetBox="[416,1168,181,1912]" targetPageId="80">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF9AA44EFF25F816FD996CC0" blockId="80.[151,1436,1936,1997]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9AA44EFF25F816FEE66CA4" bold="true" box="[151,289,1936,1960]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic distribution of: (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9AA44EFDC0F817FCB36CA4" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[626,884,1936,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9AA44EFDC0F817FCB36CA4" box="[626,884,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Pogonomyrmex excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9AA44EFC1EF817FBC46CA4" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[940,1027,1936,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9AA44EFC1EF817FBC46CA4" box="[940,1027,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">P. forelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9AA44EFBD5F817FB286CA4" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[1127,1263,1936,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9AA44EFBD5F817FB286CA4" box="[1127,1263,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">P. granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The large black circle in each panel denotes the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF9BA44FFF75FE79FF036819" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1510]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Erect, short to medium length, whitish pilosity moderately abundant on head, most hairs <0.2–0.3× MOD. Moderately abundant semidecumbent to decumbent pilosity on scape; abundant decumbent hairs on funicular segments. Legs with moderately abundant suberect to decumbent whitish setae. Rest of body with moderately dense, erect, medium length, whitish setae; hairs on mesosoma usually about 0.5–0.6× MOD; hairs on first gastral tergum shorter, more delicate than those on mesosoma. Head dark reddish-black to blackish-red, usually with part of cephalic dorsum posterior to frontal lobes blackish to black; malar area, gaster blackish to black; mesosoma dark blackish-red to black; in dorsal view, pronotum darker than mesonotum for some to all workers in a series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF9BA44FFAE3FD51FF716819" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-15@79.[415,1172,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 35. Photographs of Pogonomyrmex excelsior holotype worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0922462). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499230/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF9BA44FFF75FC98FE5E6835" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1510]" box="[199,409,798,825]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFF75FC98FEDB6834" bold="true" box="[199,284,798,824]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Queen.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF9BA44FFF75FCC5FE4F6851" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1510]" box="[199,392,835,861]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFF75FCC5FECC6851" bold="true" box="[199,267,835,861]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF9BA44FFF75FCE0FEF568E2" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1510]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFF75FCE0FDF0688C" bold="true" box="[199,567,870,896]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF9BA44FFD8FFCE0FF3568A9" collectingDate="2015-04-03" collectionCode="RAJC" country="Argentina" location="Rt" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jujuy">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFD8FFCE0FCFC688D" bold="true" box="[573,827,870,897]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09947F1FF9BA44FFD8FFCE0FD2A688C" box="[573,749,870,896]" name="Argentina" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFD48FCE1FCFC688D" bold="true" box="[762,827,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4AC983FF9BA44FFD48FCE1FCFC688D" box="[762,827,871,897]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="DD5151BAFF9BA44FFCFEFCE1FCA1688D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF84A44FFF25FECDFB7B6EEA:DD5151BAFF9BA44FFCFEFCE1FCA1688D" box="[844,870,871,897]" country="Argentina" name="Rt" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" stateProvince="Jujuy">Rt</location>
|
||
40 at
|
||
<locationDeviation id="C9831E43FF9BA44FFC1DFCE0FB65688D" box="[943,1186,870,897]" location="Coranzuli" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF9BA44FFC1DFCE0FBCA688D" box="[943,1037,870,897]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="km" value="41.5">41.5 km</quantity>
|
||
N Coranzuli
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, 13,390’,
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF9BA44FFAA1FCE1FA5B688D" box="[1299,1436,870,897]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="2015-04-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF9BA44FFAA1FCE1FA5B688D" box="[1299,1436,870,897]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="2015-04-03">Apr 3, 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF9BA44FFF2DFC0DFF2D68A9" box="[159,234,907,933]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">RAJC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF9BA44FFF4DFC0DFC7268A9" box="[255,949,906,933]" collectingDate="2015-04-01" collectionCode="RAJC" country="Argentina" location="Rt" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jujuy">
|
||
<location id="DD5151BAFF9BA44FFF4DFC0DFEDE68A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF84A44FFF25FECDFB7B6EEA:DD5151BAFF9BA44FFF4DFC0DFEDE68A9" box="[255,281,907,933]" country="Argentina" name="Rt" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" stateProvince="Jujuy">Rt</location>
|
||
52 at
|
||
<locationDeviation id="C9831E43FF9BA44FFED7FC0DFD9968A9" box="[357,606,907,933]" location="Susques" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF9BA44FFED7FC0DFE0368A9" box="[357,452,907,933]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="km" value="28.6">28.6 km</quantity>
|
||
SW Susques
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, 13,040,
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF9BA44FFD75FC0DFC9568A9" box="[711,850,906,933]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="2015-04-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF9BA44FFD75FC0DFC9568A9" box="[711,850,906,933]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="2015-04-01">Apr 1, 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF9BA44FFCD1FC0DFC6968A9" box="[867,942,907,933]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">RAJC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF9BA44FFC70FC0CFD7468C5" collectingDate="2017-04-02" collectionCode="RAJC" country="Chile" location="Rt" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antofagasta">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFC70FC0CFB7C68A8" bold="true" box="[962,1211,906,933]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09947F1FF9BA44FFC70FC0CFBDB68A8" box="[962,1052,906,932]" name="Chile" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFB9DFC0CFB7C68A8" bold="true" box="[1071,1211,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4AC983FF9BA44FFB9DFC0CFB7C68A8" box="[1071,1211,906,932]" country="Chile" name="Antofagasta" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Antofagasta</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="DD5151BAFF9BA44FFB7EFC0DFB2168A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF84A44FFF25FECDFB7B6EEA:DD5151BAFF9BA44FFB7EFC0DFB2168A9" box="[1228,1254,907,933]" country="Chile" name="Rt" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" stateProvince="Antofagasta">Rt</location>
|
||
27 at
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF9BA44FFA80FC0CFA4568A9" box="[1330,1410,906,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="km" value="3.5">3.5 km</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9BA44FFA39FC0DFEC168C5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentina">E Argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
border, 14,080’,
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF9BA44FFE7AFC29FD9768C5" box="[456,592,943,969]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="2017-04-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF9BA44FFE7AFC29FD9768C5" box="[456,592,943,969]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="2017-04-02">Apr 2, 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF9BA44FFDD2FC29FD6C68C5" box="[608,683,943,969]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">RAJC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF9BA44FFD0DFC29FA5A68C5" box="[703,1437,943,969]" collectingDate="2017-04-02" collectionCode="RAJC" country="Chile" location="Rt" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antofagasta">
|
||
<location id="DD5151BAFF9BA44FFD0DFC29FD1E68C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF84A44FFF25FECDFB7B6EEA:DD5151BAFF9BA44FFD0DFC29FD1E68C5" box="[703,729,943,969]" country="Chile" name="Rt" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" stateProvince="Antofagasta">Rt</location>
|
||
27 at
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF9BA44FFC92FC29FCA868C5" box="[800,879,943,969]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="km" value="0.1">0.1 km</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9BA44FFCC4FC29FC3B68C5" box="[886,1020,943,969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentina">E Argentina</taxonomicName>
|
||
border, 14,090’
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF9BA44FFB04FC29FAFA68C5" box="[1206,1341,943,969]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="2017-04-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF9BA44FFB04FC29FAFA68C5" box="[1206,1341,943,969]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="2017-04-02">Apr 2, 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF9BA44FFAFFFC29FA5268C5" box="[1357,1429,943,969]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">RAJC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF9BA44FFF2DFC55FEE268E2" box="[159,293,979,1006]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[416,1168,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-19@80.[416,1171,181,1912]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 36. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex excelsior, (B) P. forelii, and (C) P. granulatus. The large black circle in each panel denotes the type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499232/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figure 36A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="909454EAFF9BA44FFF75FC71FAC86F39" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF9BA44FFF75FC71FAC86F39" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1510]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFF75FC71FE896F1D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1015,1041]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9BA44FFDF6FC71FD6E6F1D" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[580,681,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFDF6FC71FD6E6F1D" box="[580,681,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (from Latin,
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFCF8FC71FC606F1D" box="[842,935,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">excelsus</emphasis>
|
||
, for lofty, elevated, or high plus –
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFA9EFC71FA8A6F1C" box="[1324,1357,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">ior</emphasis>
|
||
, suffix forming adjectives’ comparative degree) for this species occurring in high elevation altiplano habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="909454EAFF9BA44FFF75FBB8FC236FE5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF9BA44FFF75FBB8FC236FE5" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1510]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFF75FBB8FE8B6F54" bold="true" box="[199,332,1086,1112]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9BA44FFEE0FBB9FDAB6F55" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[338,620,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFEE0FBB9FDAB6F55" box="[338,620,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pogonomyrmex excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may co-occur with several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9BA44FFC2EFBB9FBD86F54" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[924,1055,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFC2EFBB9FC6A6F54" box="[924,941,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFC08FBB9FBD86F54" box="[954,1055,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">rastratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group species. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9BA44FFA8DFBB9FF046F70" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFA8DFBB9FF046F70" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from all congeners by: (1) distinctly dark coloration–dark reddish-black to blackish red head, malar area and gaster blackish to black; mesosoma and gaster dark blackish-red to black; in dorsal view, pronotum darker than mesonotum for some to all workers in a series, but concolorous in some workers, and (2) striae extend over more than anterior two-thirds of medial portion of first gastral tergum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="909454EAFF9BA44FFF75FB74FB7B6EEA" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF9BA44FFF75FB74FEB76E91" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1510]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFF75FB74FEE06E00" bold="true" box="[199,295,1266,1292]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9BA44FFE9DFB75FD8A6E01" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[303,589,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFE9DFB75FD8A6E01" box="[303,589,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pogonomyrmex excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers are solitary foragers that can travel up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF9BA44FFB23FB75FB316E01" box="[1169,1270,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 m</quantity>
|
||
from the nest. Nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9BA44FFF49FA91FEBB6E3D" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[251,380,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFF49FA91FEBB6E3D" box="[251,380,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are placed in open, exposed sites, and the entrance ranges from a hole in the ground and lacking a tumulus to a tumulus up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF9BA44FFDA2FABCFD916E59" box="[528,598,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Nests are most easily located by baiting workers with cookie crumbs, then following them back to the nest. Partial nest excavations indicated that colonies contain approximately 500–1000 workers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF9BA44FFF75FA21FB7B6EEA" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1510]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF9BA44FFF75FA21FE226ECD" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,485,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFF75FA21FE226ECD" box="[199,485,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pogonomyrmex excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs at elevations from
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF9BA44FFCA5FA20FC716ECD" box="[791,950,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.015" metricValueMax="4.08" metricValueMin="3.95" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="4015.0" valueMax="4080.0" valueMin="3950.0">3950–4080 m</quantity>
|
||
. This species inhabits that Central Andean puna and Central Andean dry puna ecoregions, as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1F7A90FF9BA44FFCF5FA4DFBDC6EE9" author="Olson, D. M. & Dinerstein, E. & Wikramanayake, E. D. & Burgess, N. D. & Powell, G. V. N. & Underwood, E. C. & D'Amico, J. A. & Itoua, I. & Strand, H. E. & Morrison, J. C. & Loucks, C. J. & Allnutt, T. F. & Ricketts, T. H. & Kura, Y. & Lamoreux, J. F. & Wettengel, W. W. & Hedao, P. & Kassem, K. R." box="[839,1051,1483,1509]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="933 - 938" refId="ref148173" refString="Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P. & Kassem, K. R. (2001) Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience, 51 (11), 933 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / 0006 - 3568 (2001) 051 [0933: TEOTWA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Olson
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF9BA44FFC23FA4DFC056EE9" box="[913,962,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF9BA44FFB9BFA4DFB686EEA" box="[1065,1199,1483,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[416,1168,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-19@80.[416,1171,181,1912]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 36. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex excelsior, (B) P. forelii, and (C) P. granulatus. The large black circle in each panel denotes the type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499232/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figure 36A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |