treatments-xml/data/03/C5/87/03C587AFFFBC623CFC4AF92A0657FF6A.xml

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<mods:title id="CD055DE8E4B5D37121C91B711666FA4F">Parurgonina Valanginiana N. Sp. From The Valanginian Of Sw Iran (Zagros Zone): The First Cretaceous Record Of The Genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="121C10C164DC5A8AFCF374A116C6EBE5">SCHLAGINTWEIT, FELIX</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3766532FFBC6237FC4AF92A024EFB58" box="[933,1320,1801,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBC6237FC4AF92A024EFB58" blockId="3.[933,1320,1801,1825]" box="[933,1320,1801,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D09B81D5FFBC6237FC4AF92A024EFB58" box="[933,1320,1801,1825]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBC6237FC4AF92A024EFB58" bold="true" box="[933,1320,1801,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBC6237FC4AF92A03ADFB58" ID-CoL="BV56Y" authorityName="SCHLAGINTWEIT &amp; YAZDI-MOGHADAM &amp; GRANIER &amp; HOSSEINZADEH" authorityYear="2024" box="[933,1227,1801,1825]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="valanginiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBC6237FC4AF92A03ADFB58" bold="true" box="[933,1227,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Parurgonina valanginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57D0FFBC6237FB3DF92A024EFB58" box="[1234,1320,1801,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766532FFBC6231FBCBF90A07D2FDE8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBC6237FBCBF90A03CFFB38" blockId="3.[1060,1193,1833,1858]" box="[1060,1193,1833,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBC6237FBCBF90A031CFB38" box="[1060,1146,1833,1857]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="5.[187,220,1447,1468]" captionTargetBox="[328,1259,1002,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-737@5.[328,1259,1002,1418]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 4. a-b. Parurgonina caelinensis (Cuvillier et al.), (modified from Velić, 2007, pl. 10, figs. 10-11) from the Upper Jurassic of Croatia and Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. (c.) from the Lower Cretaceous of Iran. Red dotted lines mark the septa of the rectilinear chambers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582831/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs. 4c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBC6237FB6AF90A03CFFB38" box="[1157,1193,1833,1858]" captionStart-0="Fig 5" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="6.[184,217,1795,1816]" captionStartId-1="7.[187,222,1506,1527]" captionTargetBox-0="[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetBox-1="[187,1400,154,1481]" captionTargetId-0="figure-33@6.[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetId-1="figure-397@7.[187,1400,154,1481]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="Fig 5. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran (a–h, j–k, m–n) and the Upper Jurassic of Algeria (i, l; from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, figs. 3-4). a–d. (Sub)axial sections of juvenile specimens showing embryo and ‘praevalvulind’ early stage sensu Septfontaine (2020); samples RAP 10825 (a–c), RAP 10869 (d). e. Slightly oblique axial section dissection the apical embryo; holotype specimen, sample RAP 10825. f. Subaxial section showing well developed thickened pillars in the central test part; sample RAP 10825 (= Fig. 12a in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). g. Tangential section showing the undivided marginal chamber area in the part following the ‘praevalvulinid’ stage; sample RAP 10825. h. Tangential oblique section; sample RAP 10825. i. Slightly oblique transverse section showing lunular pillars (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 4, copyright by Swiss Geological Society). j. Oblique section; sample RAP 10825. k. Oblique section showing lunular pillars; sample RAP 10825. l. Slightly oblique transverse section (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 3). m. Oblique transverse section; sample RAP 18025. n. Subaxial section; sample RAP 18025" captionText-1="Fig. 6. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran. a-c, f subaxial sections; samples RAP 10825 (a), sample RAP 10869 (b-c, f) (b, c = Figs. 12c and 12b in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). d-e, g, j transverse sections, partly slightly oblique; samples RAP 10869 (d-e), RAP 10827 (g, j). h-i, k Oblique sections; samples RAP 10869 (h), RAP 10825 (i, k). Abbreviation: pi = pillar." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582833" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582835" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12582833/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12582835/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
5 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBC6237FB7CF90903FAFB3B" bold="true" box="[1171,1180,1834,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">-</emphasis>
6
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBC6237FCDFF94F04CAFBDC" blockId="3.[816,1437,1900,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
1994 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBC6237FC9FF94F0260FBFD" authority="Henson" authorityName="Henson" box="[880,1286,1900,1924]" class="Globothalamea" family="Chrysalidinidae" genus="Pseudochrysalidina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Textulariida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="arabicus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBC6237FC9FF94F03CCFBFD" box="[880,1194,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Pseudochrysalidina arabicus</emphasis>
Henson
</taxonomicName>
– Shakib, pl. 7.3, fig. 10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBC6231FCDFF98D078CFC84" blockId="3.[816,1437,1900,2023]" lastBlockId="5.[151,771,163,253]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
2011 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBC6237FC82F98D049DFBBF" authorityName="Canerot &amp; Moullade" authorityYear="1971" box="[877,1019,1966,1990]" class="Globothalamea" family="Orbitolinidae" genus="Valdanchella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBC6237FC82F98D049DFBBF" box="[877,1019,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Valdanchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– Jamalian et al., fig. 7n, fig. 12a 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBC6237FA8FF98D020FFBBF" bold="true" box="[1376,1385,1966,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">-</emphasis>
c. 2016 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBC6237FC82F9EC0328FB9E" authorityName="Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Argot" authorityYear="1973" box="[877,1102,1999,2023]" class="Globothalamea" family="Orbitolinidae" genus="Falsurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="pileola">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBC6237FC82F9EC0328FB9E" box="[877,1102,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Falsurgonina pileola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– Hosseini et al., fig. 7d 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBC6237FABBF9EC023BFB9E" bold="true" box="[1364,1373,1999,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">-</emphasis>
f. 2016 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBA6231FF3CFE8006D3FCC2" authorityName="Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Argot" authorityYear="1973" box="[211,437,163,187]" class="Globothalamea" family="Orbitolinidae" genus="Falsurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="pileola">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FF3CFE8006D3FCC2" box="[211,437,163,187]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Falsurgonina pileola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– Hosseini et al., fig. 7d 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FD54FE8005A2FCC2" bold="true" box="[699,708,163,187]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">-</emphasis>
f. 2020 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBA6231FF39FEE70563FCA5" baseAuthorityName="Henson" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[214,517,196,220]" class="Globothalamea" family="Chrysalidinidae" genus="Pseudochrysalidina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Textulariida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="arabica">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FF39FEE70563FCA5" box="[214,517,196,220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Pseudochrysalidina arabica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– Esrafili-Dizaji et al., fig. 6A.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF136631FFBB6230FF5EF8F504B7FB81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582829" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12582829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582829/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" startId="4.[177,212,1750,1771]" targetBox="[180,1410,151,1721]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBB6230FF5EF8F504B7FB81" blockId="4.[177,1411,1750,2040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FF5EF8F50793FA92" bold="true" box="[177,245,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Selected dasycladalean algae (
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FDD3F8F505D3FA92" bold="true" box="[572,693,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">a–j, l, m, q</emphasis>
) and benthic foraminifera (
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FC3FF8F5034AFA92" bold="true" box="[976,1068,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">k, n-p, r</emphasis>
) from the Berriasian–Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FE1FF8D7069AFB70" bold="true" box="[496,508,1780,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">a</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FDE6F8D00432FB70" authority="Carozzi" authorityName="Carozzi" authorityYear="1954" box="[521,852,1779,1801]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Salpingoporella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FDE6F8D00466FB70" box="[521,768,1779,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Salpingoporella annulata</emphasis>
Carozzi
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 1819. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FBF4F8D7034EFB70" bold="true" box="[1051,1064,1780,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">b</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FBD9F8D00258FB70" authority="(Alth)" baseAuthorityName="Alth" box="[1078,1342,1779,1801]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Aloisalthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FBD9F8D0039AFB70" box="[1078,1276,1779,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Aloisalthella sulcata</emphasis>
(Alth)
</taxonomicName>
(right) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FF30F9320570FB5E" authority="(Carozzi)" baseAuthorityName="Carozzi" box="[223,534,1809,1831]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Campbelliella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FF30F93206D7FB5E" box="[223,433,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Campbelliella striata</emphasis>
(Carozzi)
</taxonomicName>
(middle), sample RAP 10804. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FCB6F931040CFB5E" bold="true" box="[857,874,1810,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">c.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FC9AF9320391FB5E" authority="(Radoicic)" baseAuthorityName="Radoicic" box="[885,1271,1809,1831]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Humiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="catenaeformis">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FC9AF93204A8FB5E" box="[885,974,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Humiella</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FC13F93203E2FB5E" box="[1020,1156,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">catenaeformis</emphasis>
(Radoičić)
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 10798. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FF15F90C0647FB3D" bold="true" box="[250,289,1839,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">d, l.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FEC7F90C05A8FB3C" authority="Dieni &amp; Radoicic" authorityName="Dieni &amp; Radoicic" box="[296,718,1839,1861]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Salpingoporella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="granieri">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FEC7F90C057FFB3C" box="[296,537,1839,1861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Salpingoporella granieri</emphasis>
Dieni &amp; Radoičić
</taxonomicName>
, samples RAP 10835 (D) and RAP 10825 (L). 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FB73F90C0384FB3D" bold="true" box="[1180,1250,1839,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">e, h, m</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FB00F90C020EFB3C" box="[1263,1384,1839,1861]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Clypeina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FB00F90C0220FB3C" box="[1263,1350,1839,1861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Clypeina</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FF5EF96E0617FB1A" box="[177,369,1869,1891]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Salpingoporella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FF5EF96E062AFB1A" box="[177,332,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Salpingoporella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, or 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FE78F96E0438FB1A" authority="sensu Hosseini et al. (2013)" authorityName="Hosseini" authorityYear="2013" box="[407,862,1869,1891]" class="Fusulinata" family="Schwagerinidae" genus="Iranella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fusulinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="inopinata">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FE78F96E05E5FB1A" box="[407,643,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Iranella inopinata sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFBB6230FD65F96E0438FB1A" author="Hosseini, S. &amp; Conrad, M. A. &amp; Kindler, P." box="[650,862,1869,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" pagination="231 - 245" refId="ref6931" refString="Hosseini, S., Conrad, M. A. &amp; Kindler, P., 2013. Iranella inopinata Gollestaneh 1965, a puzzling dasycladalean alga from the Lower Cretaceous shallow carbonate shelf deposits of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, SW Iran. Facies, 59 (1): 231 - 245." type="journal article" year="2013">Hosseini et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 1028. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FBC8F96E0349FB1B" bold="true" box="[1063,1071,1869,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">f</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FBD3F96E0219FB1A" authority="(Alth)" baseAuthorityName="Alth" box="[1084,1407,1869,1891]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Actinoporella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="podolica">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FBD3F96E03A6FB1A" box="[1084,1216,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Actinoporella</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FB08F96E025DFB1A" box="[1255,1339,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">podolica</emphasis>
(Alth)
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 10860. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FE90F94806EDFBF9" bold="true" box="[383,395,1899,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">g</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FE76F9480424FBF8" authority="Dieni &amp; Radoicic" authorityName="Dieni &amp; Radoicic" box="[409,834,1899,1921]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Clypeina" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="dragastani">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FE76F9480696FBF8" box="[409,496,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Clypeina</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FDCEF94805EFFBF8" box="[545,649,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">dragastani</emphasis>
Dieni &amp; Radoičić
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 10820. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FBF3F9480358FBF9" bold="true" box="[1052,1086,1899,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">i, q</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FBA2F9480653FBE7" authority="Carras and Radoicic" authorityName="Carras and Radoicic" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Salpingoporella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="piriniae">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FBA2F948025AFBF9" box="[1101,1340,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Salpingoporella piriniae</emphasis>
Carras and Radoičić
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 10828. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FDFFF9AA057EFBE7" bold="true" box="[528,536,1929,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">j</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FDC9F9AB05CCFBE7" authorityName="C. W. Gumbel in A. von Alth" authorityYear="1882" box="[550,682,1928,1950]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Actinoporella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FDC9F9AB05CCFBE7" box="[550,682,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Actinoporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
? sp. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FD07F9AB04D0FBE7" authority="Granier" authorityName="Granier" box="[744,950,1928,1950]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Dasycladaceae" genus="Actinoporella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dasycladales" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="jaffrezoi">
aff. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FCFEF9AB0407FBE7" box="[785,865,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">jaffrezoi</emphasis>
Granier
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 10851. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FB7FF9AA03FBFBE7" bold="true" box="[1168,1181,1929,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">k</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FB43F9AB0662FBC5" authority="Leupold" authorityName="Leupold" authorityYear="1936" class="Tubothalamea" family="Trocholinidae" genus="Coscinoconus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Involutinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FB43F9AB02E5FBE7" box="[1196,1411,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Coscinoconus alpinus</emphasis>
Leupold
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 10824. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FE32F984068CFBC5" bold="true" box="[477,490,1959,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">n</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FE16F9850361FBC5" authority="(Arnaud-Vanneau et al.)" baseAuthorityName="Arnaud-Vanneau" box="[505,1031,1958,1980]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Trocholinidae" genus="Coscinoconus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Involutinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sagittarius">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FE16F98505E6FBC5" box="[505,640,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Coscinoconus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FD46F9840476FBC5" box="[681,784,1959,1980]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">sagittarius</emphasis>
(Arnaud-Vanneau et al.)
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 10850. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FB0DF9840388FBC5" bold="true" box="[1250,1262,1959,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">o</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FB13F9850573FBA3" authority="(Arnaud-Vanneau et al.)" baseAuthorityName="Arnaud-Vanneau" class="Tubothalamea" family="Trocholinidae" genus="Coscinoconus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Involutinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="cherchiae">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FB13F9850676FBA3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Coscinoconus cherchiae</emphasis>
(Arnaud-Vanneau et al.)
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 10866. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FCEFF9E7046BFBA0" bold="true" box="[768,781,1988,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">p</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FCCFF9E703EEFBA3" authority="Schlumberger" authorityName="Schlumberger" box="[800,1160,1988,2010]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclamminidae" genus="Choffatella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FCCFF9E70494FBA3" box="[800,1010,1988,2010]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Choffatella decipiens</emphasis>
Schlumberger
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 10881. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FA9DF9E7021BFBA0" bold="true" box="[1394,1405,1988,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">r</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBB6230FF5EF9C1054CFB81" authority="(Yokoyama)" baseAuthorityName="Yokoyama" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[177,554,2018,2040]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclamminidae" genus="Pseudocyclammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="lituus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBB6230FF5EF9C106C1FB81" box="[177,423,2018,2040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Pseudocyclammina lituus</emphasis>
(Yokoyama)
</taxonomicName>
, sample RAP 10819. Scale bars = 0.20 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBA6231FF78FF340593FD56" blockId="5.[151,771,278,534]" box="[151,757,278,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FF78FF34061EFD56" bold="true" box="[151,376,279,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Origin of the name:</emphasis>
Referring to the Valanginian stage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBA6231FF78FF1B07D2FDE8" blockId="5.[151,771,278,534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FF78FF1B06FCFD29" bold="true" box="[151,410,312,336]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Horizon and locality:</emphasis>
Valanginian carbonates of the Fahliyan Formation from the Kuh-e Siah section (
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FD5FFF7B07C1FDE8" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[151,186,1932,1953]" captionStartId-1="2.[187,222,1878,1899]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1417,841,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1422,202,1754]" captionTargetId-0="figure-657@1.[151,1418,841,1904]" captionTargetId-1="figure-190@2.[152,1422,182,1869]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1.A. Simplified geological map of Iran (modified after Schlagintweit and Yazdi-Moghadam, 2021) showing the main tectonic subdivisions. B. Road map and position of the studied section. C. Tectono-stratigraphic units of the Zagros belt (modified after Yazdi-Moghadam and Schlagintweit, 2021) with position of the Kuh-e Siah section. Abbreviations: BF Balarud Fault, CEIM Central East Iran Microplate, HZF High Zagros Fault, KZF Kazerun Fault, MFF Mountain Front Fault, MZRF Main Zagros Revers Fault, MZT Main Zagros Thrust, SSZ Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, UDMA Uromia Dokhtar Magmatic Arc, ZFTB Zagros Fold Thrust Belt." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Lithological log of the Kuh-e Siah section with distribution of larger benthic foraminifera and calcareous green algae." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582825" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582827" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12582825/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12582827/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs. 1- 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766532FFBA6231FF78FFB80629FE6F" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBA6231FF78FFB80608FDAD" blockId="5.[151,771,278,534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FF78FFB8066EFDCA" bold="true" box="[151,264,411,435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<typeStatus id="54D7881BFFBA6231FF78FFB80799FDCA" box="[151,255,411,435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Slightly oblique axial section shown in fig. 5e; sample RAP 10825.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBA6231FF78FFFD0629FE6F" blockId="5.[151,771,278,534]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
Urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 
<uuid id="FFCA0C6CFFBA6231FE5CFFFE0629FE6F" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">8A51E8E5-3889-4399-A934- 1C5B2820CB0A</uuid>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766532FFBA6231FF78FC0C0537FA01" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBA6231FF78FC0C057EFFEB" blockId="5.[151,772,559,914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FF78FC0C0642FE3E" bold="true" box="[151,292,559,583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Description:</emphasis>
Test high-conical with almost plane or convex base, starting with a comparably large embryonic chamber (protoconch) which is situated in a (sub)apical position (
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FEECFCB1062CFED3" box="[259,330,658,682]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="6.[184,217,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 5. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran (a–h, j–k, m–n) and the Upper Jurassic of Algeria (i, l; from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, figs. 3-4). a–d. (Sub)axial sections of juvenile specimens showing embryo and ‘praevalvulind’ early stage sensu Septfontaine (2020); samples RAP 10825 (a–c), RAP 10869 (d). e. Slightly oblique axial section dissection the apical embryo; holotype specimen, sample RAP 10825. f. Subaxial section showing well developed thickened pillars in the central test part; sample RAP 10825 (= Fig. 12a in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). g. Tangential section showing the undivided marginal chamber area in the part following the ‘praevalvulinid’ stage; sample RAP 10825. h. Tangential oblique section; sample RAP 10825. i. Slightly oblique transverse section showing lunular pillars (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 4, copyright by Swiss Geological Society). j. Oblique section; sample RAP 10825. k. Oblique section showing lunular pillars; sample RAP 10825. l. Slightly oblique transverse section (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 3). m. Oblique transverse section; sample RAP 18025. n. Subaxial section; sample RAP 18025" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582833/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
a-d). It is followed by a second, also comparatively large, hemispherical to lunular to hemispherical chamber laterally attached to the former (
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FD36FCF707C5FF74" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="6.[184,217,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 5. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran (a–h, j–k, m–n) and the Upper Jurassic of Algeria (i, l; from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, figs. 3-4). a–d. (Sub)axial sections of juvenile specimens showing embryo and ‘praevalvulind’ early stage sensu Septfontaine (2020); samples RAP 10825 (a–c), RAP 10869 (d). e. Slightly oblique axial section dissection the apical embryo; holotype specimen, sample RAP 10825. f. Subaxial section showing well developed thickened pillars in the central test part; sample RAP 10825 (= Fig. 12a in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). g. Tangential section showing the undivided marginal chamber area in the part following the ‘praevalvulinid’ stage; sample RAP 10825. h. Tangential oblique section; sample RAP 10825. i. Slightly oblique transverse section showing lunular pillars (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 4, copyright by Swiss Geological Society). j. Oblique section; sample RAP 10825. k. Oblique section showing lunular pillars; sample RAP 10825. l. Slightly oblique transverse section (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 3). m. Oblique transverse section; sample RAP 18025. n. Subaxial section; sample RAP 18025" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582833/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
a-e) (= deuteroconch in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFBA6231FE5BFCD605F8FF74" author="Cuvillier, J. &amp; Foury, G. &amp; Pignatti Morano, A." box="[436,670,757,781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref6057" refString="Cuvillier, J., Foury, G. &amp; Pignatti Morano, A., 1968. Foraminiferes nouveaux du Jurassique superieur du Val Cellina (Frioul Occidental, Italie). Geol. Romana, VII: 141 - 156." type="journal article" year="1968">Cuvillier et al., 1968</bibRefCitation>
, p. 150). Both chambers are connected by a single pore (
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FD49FD350590FF57" box="[678,758,790,814]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="6.[184,217,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 5. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran (a–h, j–k, m–n) and the Upper Jurassic of Algeria (i, l; from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, figs. 3-4). a–d. (Sub)axial sections of juvenile specimens showing embryo and ‘praevalvulind’ early stage sensu Septfontaine (2020); samples RAP 10825 (a–c), RAP 10869 (d). e. Slightly oblique axial section dissection the apical embryo; holotype specimen, sample RAP 10825. f. Subaxial section showing well developed thickened pillars in the central test part; sample RAP 10825 (= Fig. 12a in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). g. Tangential section showing the undivided marginal chamber area in the part following the ‘praevalvulinid’ stage; sample RAP 10825. h. Tangential oblique section; sample RAP 10825. i. Slightly oblique transverse section showing lunular pillars (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 4, copyright by Swiss Geological Society). j. Oblique section; sample RAP 10825. k. Oblique section showing lunular pillars; sample RAP 10825. l. Slightly oblique transverse section (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 3). m. Oblique transverse section; sample RAP 18025. n. Subaxial section; sample RAP 18025" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582833/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
). These in turn are followed by a short trochospiral (‘helicospiral’) early stage with numerous chambers that apparently lack endoskeletal pillars.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBA6231FCDFFE80049FFFEA" blockId="5.[816,1437,163,915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
Adult stage is rectilinear with up to 16 chambers and oblique stolon systems (
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FBB4FEE703BBFCA5" box="[1115,1245,196,220]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[187,222,1506,1527]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,154,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-397@7.[187,1400,154,1481]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran. a-c, f subaxial sections; samples RAP 10825 (a), sample RAP 10869 (b-c, f) (b, c = Figs. 12c and 12b in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). d-e, g, j transverse sections, partly slightly oblique; samples RAP 10869 (d-e), RAP 10827 (g, j). h-i, k Oblique sections; samples RAP 10869 (h), RAP 10825 (i, k). Abbreviation: pi = pillar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582835/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6a, c</figureCitation>
). The marginal chamber part is undivided (e.g. 
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FB77FEC6027FFC84" box="[1176,1305,229,253]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="6.[184,217,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 5. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran (a–h, j–k, m–n) and the Upper Jurassic of Algeria (i, l; from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, figs. 3-4). a–d. (Sub)axial sections of juvenile specimens showing embryo and ‘praevalvulind’ early stage sensu Septfontaine (2020); samples RAP 10825 (a–c), RAP 10869 (d). e. Slightly oblique axial section dissection the apical embryo; holotype specimen, sample RAP 10825. f. Subaxial section showing well developed thickened pillars in the central test part; sample RAP 10825 (= Fig. 12a in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). g. Tangential section showing the undivided marginal chamber area in the part following the ‘praevalvulinid’ stage; sample RAP 10825. h. Tangential oblique section; sample RAP 10825. i. Slightly oblique transverse section showing lunular pillars (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 4, copyright by Swiss Geological Society). j. Oblique section; sample RAP 10825. k. Oblique section showing lunular pillars; sample RAP 10825. l. Slightly oblique transverse section (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 3). m. Oblique transverse section; sample RAP 18025. n. Subaxial section; sample RAP 18025" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582833/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
Figs. 
<quantity id="4C949B5CFFBA6231FB38FEC60392FC84" box="[1239,1268,229,253]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="g" value="5.0">5g</quantity>
, 5i
</figureCitation>
). The main central part is occupied by irregular distributed pillars showing a typical semi-lunular shape in transverse sections (
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FC79FF6B033BFD19" box="[918,1117,328,352]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="6.[184,217,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 5. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran (a–h, j–k, m–n) and the Upper Jurassic of Algeria (i, l; from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, figs. 3-4). a–d. (Sub)axial sections of juvenile specimens showing embryo and ‘praevalvulind’ early stage sensu Septfontaine (2020); samples RAP 10825 (a–c), RAP 10869 (d). e. Slightly oblique axial section dissection the apical embryo; holotype specimen, sample RAP 10825. f. Subaxial section showing well developed thickened pillars in the central test part; sample RAP 10825 (= Fig. 12a in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). g. Tangential section showing the undivided marginal chamber area in the part following the ‘praevalvulinid’ stage; sample RAP 10825. h. Tangential oblique section; sample RAP 10825. i. Slightly oblique transverse section showing lunular pillars (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 4, copyright by Swiss Geological Society). j. Oblique section; sample RAP 10825. k. Oblique section showing lunular pillars; sample RAP 10825. l. Slightly oblique transverse section (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 3). m. Oblique transverse section; sample RAP 18025. n. Subaxial section; sample RAP 18025" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582833/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
Fig. 5i, 5k and 
<quantity id="4C949B5CFFBA6231FBD4FF6B033BFD19" box="[1083,1117,328,352]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="5.0">5m</quantity>
</figureCitation>
above) [= section courbée en forme de crochet (curved section forming a hook) Schroeder in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFBA6231FC29FFA903DBFDDB" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M." box="[966,1213,394,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="319 - 326" refId="ref7984" refString="Schroeder, R., Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M., 1975. Parurgonina caelinensis Cuvillier, Foury &amp; Pignatti Morano 1968 dans le Malm du Djebel Teioualt (Constantinois, Algerie). Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 68 (2): 319 - 326." type="journal article" year="1975">Schroeder et al., 1975</bibRefCitation>
, p. 324]. As can be discerned in axial sections, the pillars are not aligned between subsequent chambers; instead they are more or less alternately arranged (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FB77FFCD038CFE7F" box="[1176,1258,494,518]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="6.[184,217,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 5. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran (a–h, j–k, m–n) and the Upper Jurassic of Algeria (i, l; from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, figs. 3-4). a–d. (Sub)axial sections of juvenile specimens showing embryo and ‘praevalvulind’ early stage sensu Septfontaine (2020); samples RAP 10825 (a–c), RAP 10869 (d). e. Slightly oblique axial section dissection the apical embryo; holotype specimen, sample RAP 10825. f. Subaxial section showing well developed thickened pillars in the central test part; sample RAP 10825 (= Fig. 12a in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). g. Tangential section showing the undivided marginal chamber area in the part following the ‘praevalvulinid’ stage; sample RAP 10825. h. Tangential oblique section; sample RAP 10825. i. Slightly oblique transverse section showing lunular pillars (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 4, copyright by Swiss Geological Society). j. Oblique section; sample RAP 10825. k. Oblique section showing lunular pillars; sample RAP 10825. l. Slightly oblique transverse section (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 3). m. Oblique transverse section; sample RAP 18025. n. Subaxial section; sample RAP 18025" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582833/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FB10FFCD0221FE7F" box="[1279,1351,494,518]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[187,222,1506,1527]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,154,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-397@7.[187,1400,154,1481]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran. a-c, f subaxial sections; samples RAP 10825 (a), sample RAP 10869 (b-c, f) (b, c = Figs. 12c and 12b in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). d-e, g, j transverse sections, partly slightly oblique; samples RAP 10869 (d-e), RAP 10827 (g, j). h-i, k Oblique sections; samples RAP 10869 (h), RAP 10825 (i, k). Abbreviation: pi = pillar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582835/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">6a, 6c</figureCitation>
). They broaden (partly also fused) at the base (= pointed towards the cone base). The foramina are represented by multiple large pores irregularly piercing the septa and are linked to the lunular pillars in the central part (
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FB08FC51024CFEF3" box="[1255,1322,626,650]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="6.[184,217,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 5. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran (a–h, j–k, m–n) and the Upper Jurassic of Algeria (i, l; from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, figs. 3-4). a–d. (Sub)axial sections of juvenile specimens showing embryo and ‘praevalvulind’ early stage sensu Septfontaine (2020); samples RAP 10825 (a–c), RAP 10869 (d). e. Slightly oblique axial section dissection the apical embryo; holotype specimen, sample RAP 10825. f. Subaxial section showing well developed thickened pillars in the central test part; sample RAP 10825 (= Fig. 12a in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). g. Tangential section showing the undivided marginal chamber area in the part following the ‘praevalvulinid’ stage; sample RAP 10825. h. Tangential oblique section; sample RAP 10825. i. Slightly oblique transverse section showing lunular pillars (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 4, copyright by Swiss Geological Society). j. Oblique section; sample RAP 10825. k. Oblique section showing lunular pillars; sample RAP 10825. l. Slightly oblique transverse section (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 3). m. Oblique transverse section; sample RAP 18025. n. Subaxial section; sample RAP 18025" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582833/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
i-j, 5l). In axial sections, the foramina are arranged in oblique lines between subsequent chambers (= perforations obliques, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFBA6231FCDFFCF6037FFE94" author="Cuvillier, J. &amp; Foury, G. &amp; Pignatti Morano, A." box="[816,1049,725,749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref6057" refString="Cuvillier, J., Foury, G. &amp; Pignatti Morano, A., 1968. Foraminiferes nouveaux du Jurassique superieur du Val Cellina (Frioul Occidental, Italie). Geol. Romana, VII: 141 - 156." type="journal article" year="1968">Cuvillier et al., 1968</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FBDDFCF603C6FE94" box="[1074,1184,725,749]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[187,222,1506,1527]" captionTargetBox="[187,1400,154,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-397@7.[187,1400,154,1481]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran. a-c, f subaxial sections; samples RAP 10825 (a), sample RAP 10869 (b-c, f) (b, c = Figs. 12c and 12b in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). d-e, g, j transverse sections, partly slightly oblique; samples RAP 10869 (d-e), RAP 10827 (g, j). h-i, k Oblique sections; samples RAP 10869 (h), RAP 10825 (i, k). Abbreviation: pi = pillar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582835/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6a, c</figureCitation>
, adult part). Obliquely arranged marginal foramina are present in the adult rectilinear test part (
<figureCitation id="13572A3CFFBA6231FBF9FD3B03EEFF49" box="[1046,1160,792,816]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="6.[184,217,1795,1816]" captionTargetBox="[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[184,1412,189,1757]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 5. Parurgonina valanginiana sp. nov. from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran (a–h, j–k, m–n) and the Upper Jurassic of Algeria (i, l; from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, figs. 3-4). a–d. (Sub)axial sections of juvenile specimens showing embryo and ‘praevalvulind’ early stage sensu Septfontaine (2020); samples RAP 10825 (a–c), RAP 10869 (d). e. Slightly oblique axial section dissection the apical embryo; holotype specimen, sample RAP 10825. f. Subaxial section showing well developed thickened pillars in the central test part; sample RAP 10825 (= Fig. 12a in Jamalian et al., 2011 illustrated as Valdanchella). g. Tangential section showing the undivided marginal chamber area in the part following the ‘praevalvulinid’ stage; sample RAP 10825. h. Tangential oblique section; sample RAP 10825. i. Slightly oblique transverse section showing lunular pillars (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 4, copyright by Swiss Geological Society). j. Oblique section; sample RAP 10825. k. Oblique section showing lunular pillars; sample RAP 10825. l. Slightly oblique transverse section (from Schroeder et al., 1975, pl. 2, fig. 3). m. Oblique transverse section; sample RAP 18025. n. Subaxial section; sample RAP 18025" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582833/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5e, n</figureCitation>
). The wall is thick with pseudo-keriothecal texture (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFBA6231FB84FD1A039FFF28" author="Gusic, I." box="[1131,1273,825,849]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="55 - 87" refId="ref6803" refString="Gusic, I., 1969. Some new and inadequately known Jurassic foraminifers from central Croatia. Geoloski Vjesnik, 22: 55 - 87." type="journal article" year="1969">Gusič, 1969</bibRefCitation>
; Schroeder in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFBA6231FCDFFD790346FF0B" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M." box="[816,1056,858,882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="319 - 326" refId="ref7984" refString="Schroeder, R., Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M., 1975. Parurgonina caelinensis Cuvillier, Foury &amp; Pignatti Morano 1968 dans le Malm du Djebel Teioualt (Constantinois, Algerie). Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 68 (2): 319 - 326." type="journal article" year="1975">Schroeder et al., 1975</bibRefCitation>
), a feature barely discernible in the Iranian specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBA6231FCDFFD8F032FFFBD" blockId="5.[816,1097,940,964]" box="[816,1097,940,964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FCDFFD8F04D8FFBD" bold="true" box="[816,958,940,964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Dimensions:</emphasis>
See Table 1.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF136631FFBA6231FF54FB8406CFF981" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12582831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582831/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" startId="5.[187,220,1447,1468]" targetBox="[328,1259,1002,1418]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBA6231FF54FB8406CFF981" blockId="5.[187,1401,1447,1528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FF54FB840644F9C5" bold="true" box="[187,290,1447,1468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig 4. a-b.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBA6231FEC7FB8B05D0F9C4" authority="(Cuvillier et al.)" baseAuthorityName="Cuvillier" box="[296,694,1447,1469]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="caelinensis">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FEC7FB8B0573F9C4" box="[296,533,1447,1469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Parurgonina caelinensis</emphasis>
(Cuvillier et al.)
</taxonomicName>
, (modified from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFBA6231FCB3FB8404A8F9C4" author="Velic, I." box="[860,974,1447,1469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref8371" refString="Velic, I., 2007. Stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of Mesozoic benthic foraminifera of the Karst Dinarides (SE Europe). Geologia Croatica, 60 (1), 1 - 113." type="journal article" year="2007">Velić, 2007</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 10, figs. 10-11) from the Upper Jurassic of Croatia and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBA6231FEA4FBE6052BF9A3" authorityName="SCHLAGINTWEIT &amp; YAZDI-MOGHADAM &amp; GRANIER &amp; HOSSEINZADEH" authorityYear="2024" box="[331,589,1476,1498]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="valanginiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FEA4FBE6052BF9A3" box="[331,589,1476,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Parurgonina valanginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57D0FFBA6231FDBCFBE605F9F9A3" box="[595,671,1477,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FD42FBE605DEF9A3" bold="true" box="[685,696,1477,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">c</emphasis>
.) from the Lower Cretaceous of Iran. Red dotted lines mark the septa of the rectilinear chambers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFBA6231FF76F83C0537FA01" blockId="5.[153,1435,1566,1656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FF76F83C0793FA4E" bold="true" box="[153,245,1567,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Tabel 1.</emphasis>
Biometric data of Upper Jurassic 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBA6231FD8AF83C04C6FA4F" authority="(Cuvillier et al.)" baseAuthorityName="Cuvillier" box="[613,928,1566,1590]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="caeliensis">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FD8AF83C058AFA4F" box="[613,748,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P. caeliensis</emphasis>
(Cuvillier et al.)
</taxonomicName>
and lowermost Cretaceous 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBA6231FB25F83C0213FA4F" authorityName="SCHLAGINTWEIT &amp; YAZDI-MOGHADAM &amp; GRANIER &amp; HOSSEINZADEH" authorityYear="2024" box="[1226,1397,1566,1590]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="valanginiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FB25F83C0213FA4F" box="[1226,1397,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">P. valanginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57D0FFBA6231FA92F83C07AEFA2E" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
compared. * 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFBA6231FEB3F81C052EFA2E" author="Cuvillier, J. &amp; Foury, G. &amp; Pignatti Morano, A." box="[348,584,1599,1623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref6057" refString="Cuvillier, J., Foury, G. &amp; Pignatti Morano, A., 1968. Foraminiferes nouveaux du Jurassique superieur du Val Cellina (Frioul Occidental, Italie). Geol. Romana, VII: 141 - 156." type="journal article" year="1968">Cuvillier et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
** 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFBA6231FD9DF81C044AFA2E" author="Ples, G. &amp; Bucur, I. I. &amp; Pacurariu, A." box="[626,812,1599,1623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="43 - 57" refId="ref7724" refString="Ples, G., Bucur, I. I. &amp; Pacurariu, A., 2015. Foraminiferal assemblages and facies associations in the Upper Jurassic carbonates from Ardeu Unit (Metaliferi Mountains, Romania). Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 11 (2): 43 - 57." type="journal article" year="2015">Pleş et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
*** 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFBA6231FC8CF81C048EFA2E" author="Gusic, I." box="[867,1000,1599,1623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="55 - 87" refId="ref6803" refString="Gusic, I., 1969. Some new and inadequately known Jurassic foraminifers from central Croatia. Geoloski Vjesnik, 22: 55 - 87." type="journal article" year="1969">Gušić (1969</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFBA6231FBF8F81C0380FA2E" authorityName="Gusic" authorityYear="1969" box="[1047,1254,1599,1623]" class="Globothalamea" family="Coskinolinidae" genus="Lituonella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="dinarica">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFBA6231FBF8F81C0380FA2E" box="[1047,1254,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Lituonella dinarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) **** measured from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFBA6231FF3CF84306A7FA01" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M." box="[211,449,1632,1656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="319 - 326" refId="ref7984" refString="Schroeder, R., Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M., 1975. Parurgonina caelinensis Cuvillier, Foury &amp; Pignatti Morano 1968 dans le Malm du Djebel Teioualt (Constantinois, Algerie). Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 68 (2): 319 - 326." type="journal article" year="1975">Schroeder et al. (1975</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 1, fig. 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF136631FFB96232FF57F92002EFF45C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582833" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12582833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582833/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" startId="6.[184,217,1795,1816]" targetBox="[184,1412,189,1757]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFB96232FF57F92002EFF45C" blockId="6.[184,1418,1795,2085]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FF57F9200794FB61" bold="true" box="[184,242,1795,1816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB96232FF16F927069CFB60" authorityName="SCHLAGINTWEIT &amp; YAZDI-MOGHADAM &amp; GRANIER &amp; HOSSEINZADEH" authorityYear="2024" box="[249,506,1795,1817]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="valanginiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FF16F927069CFB60" box="[249,506,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Parurgonina valanginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57D0FFB96232FDEFF927052BFB60" box="[512,589,1796,1817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran (
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FB8AF9200394FB61" bold="true" box="[1125,1266,1795,1816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">a–h, j–k, m–n</emphasis>
) and the Upper Jurassic of Algeria (
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FE6FF90206C5FB4F" bold="true" box="[384,419,1825,1846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">i, l;</emphasis>
from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB96232FE0EF90205DCFB4E" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M." box="[481,698,1825,1847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="319 - 326" refId="ref7984" refString="Schroeder, R., Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M., 1975. Parurgonina caelinensis Cuvillier, Foury &amp; Pignatti Morano 1968 dans le Malm du Djebel Teioualt (Constantinois, Algerie). Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 68 (2): 319 - 326." type="journal article" year="1975">Schroeder et al., 1975</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, figs. 3-4). 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FC87F90204EBFB4F" bold="true" box="[872,909,1825,1846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">a–d</emphasis>
. (Sub)axial sections of juvenile specimens showing embryo and ‘praevalvulind’ early stage sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB96232FD64F91C0437FB2C" author="Septfontaine, M." box="[651,849,1855,1877]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="129 - 173" refId="ref8095" refString="Septfontaine, M., 2020. Steps of morphogenesis and iterative evolution of imperforate larger foraminifera in shallow carbonate shelves during Mesozoic times: Possible relations to symbiotic and abiotic factors. In: Guex, J., Torday, J. S. &amp; Miller, W. B. (Eds.), Morphogenesis, Environmental stress and Reverse Evolution. Berlin, Springer, pp. 129 - 173." type="book chapter" year="2020">Septfontaine (2020)</bibRefCitation>
; samples RAP 10825 (
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FBD3F91C0339FB2D" bold="true" box="[1084,1119,1855,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">a–c</emphasis>
), RAP 10869 (
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FB11F91C026DFB2D" bold="true" box="[1278,1291,1855,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">d</emphasis>
). 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FACCF91C0252FB2D" bold="true" box="[1315,1332,1855,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">e.</emphasis>
Slightly oblique axial section dissection the apical embryo; holotype specimen, sample RAP 10825. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FBA8F97E0329FB0B" bold="true" box="[1095,1103,1885,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">f</emphasis>
. Subaxial section showing well developed thickened pillars in the central test part; sample RAP 10825 (= Fig. 12a in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB96232FBC1F9590267FBE9" author="Jamalian, M. &amp; Adabi, M. H. &amp; Moussavi, M. R. &amp; Sadeghi, A. &amp; Baghbani, D. &amp; Ariyafar, A." box="[1070,1281,1914,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="101 - 122" refId="ref7127" refString="Jamalian, M., Adabi, M. H., Moussavi, M. R., Sadeghi, A., Baghbani, D. &amp; Ariyafar, A., 2011. Facies characteristic and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Fahliyan Formation, Lower Cretaceous, in the Kuh-e Siah area, Zagros Basin, southern Iran. Facies, 57: 101 - 122." type="journal article" year="2011">Jamalian et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
illustrated as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB96232FF57F9BB065EFBD7" authorityName="Canerot &amp; Moullade" authorityYear="1971" box="[184,312,1944,1966]" class="Globothalamea" family="Orbitolinidae" genus="Valdanchella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FF57F9BB065EFBD7" box="[184,312,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Valdanchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FEA0F9BB063DFBD4" bold="true" box="[335,347,1944,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">g</emphasis>
. Tangential section showing the undivided marginal chamber area in the part following the ‘praevalvulinid’ stage; sample RAP 10825. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FE27F99506B3FBB2" bold="true" box="[456,469,1974,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">h</emphasis>
. Tangential oblique section; sample RAP 10825. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FC28F99504A8FBB2" bold="true" box="[967,974,1974,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">i</emphasis>
. Slightly oblique transverse section showing lunular pillars (from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB96232FE67F9F00502FB90" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M." box="[392,612,2003,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="319 - 326" refId="ref7984" refString="Schroeder, R., Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M., 1975. Parurgonina caelinensis Cuvillier, Foury &amp; Pignatti Morano 1968 dans le Malm du Djebel Teioualt (Constantinois, Algerie). Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 68 (2): 319 - 326." type="journal article" year="1975">Schroeder et al., 1975</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, fig. 4, copyright by Swiss Geological Society). 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FB69F9F703E8FB90" bold="true" box="[1158,1166,2004,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">j</emphasis>
. Oblique section; sample RAP 10825. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FED0F9D1062AF47E" bold="true" box="[319,332,2034,2055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">k</emphasis>
. Oblique section showing lunular pillars; sample RAP 10825. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FC3AF9D10484F47E" bold="true" box="[981,994,2034,2055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">l.</emphasis>
Slightly oblique transverse section (from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB96232FF57F62C06EBF45C" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M." box="[184,397,2063,2085]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="319 - 326" refId="ref7984" refString="Schroeder, R., Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M., 1975. Parurgonina caelinensis Cuvillier, Foury &amp; Pignatti Morano 1968 dans le Malm du Djebel Teioualt (Constantinois, Algerie). Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 68 (2): 319 - 326." type="journal article" year="1975">Schroeder et al., 1975</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, fig. 3). 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FDF9F62C0556F45D" bold="true" box="[534,560,2063,2084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">m.</emphasis>
Oblique transverse section; sample RAP 18025. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB96232FBE5F62C037BF45D" bold="true" box="[1034,1053,2063,2084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">n.</emphasis>
Subaxial section; sample RAP 18025
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF136631FFB86233FF54FBC1049AFA28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12582835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12582835/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" startId="7.[187,222,1506,1527]" targetBox="[187,1400,154,1481]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFB86233FF54FBC1049AFA28" blockId="7.[187,1401,1506,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FF54FBC1079BF98E" bold="true" box="[187,253,1506,1527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FEE9FBC0056CF981" authorityName="SCHLAGINTWEIT &amp; YAZDI-MOGHADAM &amp; GRANIER &amp; HOSSEINZADEH" authorityYear="2024" box="[262,522,1506,1528]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="valanginiana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FEE9FBC0056CF981" box="[262,522,1506,1528]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Parurgonina valanginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57D0FFB86233FDFDFBC00507F981" box="[530,609,1507,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Valanginian Fahliyan Formation of SW Iran. 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FB61FBC103A5F98E" bold="true" box="[1166,1219,1506,1527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">a-c, f</emphasis>
subaxial sections; samples RAP 10825 (a), sample RAP 10869 (b-c, f) (
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FD05F8230472FA6C" bold="true" box="[746,788,1536,1557]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">b, c</emphasis>
= Figs. 12c and 12b in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB86233FBF5F8230389FA6F" author="Jamalian, M. &amp; Adabi, M. H. &amp; Moussavi, M. R. &amp; Sadeghi, A. &amp; Baghbani, D. &amp; Ariyafar, A." box="[1050,1263,1536,1558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" pagination="101 - 122" refId="ref7127" refString="Jamalian, M., Adabi, M. H., Moussavi, M. R., Sadeghi, A., Baghbani, D. &amp; Ariyafar, A., 2011. Facies characteristic and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Fahliyan Formation, Lower Cretaceous, in the Kuh-e Siah area, Zagros Basin, southern Iran. Facies, 57: 101 - 122." type="journal article" year="2011">Jamalian et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
illustrated as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FF54F83E065DFA4A" authorityName="Canerot &amp; Moullade" authorityYear="1971" box="[187,315,1565,1587]" class="Globothalamea" family="Orbitolinidae" genus="Valdanchella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FF54F83E065DFA4A" box="[187,315,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Valdanchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FEBCF83D06C1FA4A" bold="true" box="[339,423,1566,1587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">d-e, g, j</emphasis>
transverse sections, partly slightly oblique; samples RAP 10869 (d-e), RAP 10827 (g, j). 
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FAD0F83D021FFA4A" bold="true" box="[1343,1401,1566,1587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">h-i, k</emphasis>
Oblique sections; samples RAP 10869 (h), RAP 10825 (i, k). Abbreviation: pi = pillar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3766532FFB8623CFF78F85B0657FF6A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFB86233FF78F85B0484FAAB" blockId="7.[151,772,1655,2043]" lastBlockId="7.[816,1437,1655,2043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FF78F85B066EFAE9" bold="true" box="[151,264,1656,1680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FEFAF85B06F9FAF6" box="[277,415,1656,1679]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FEFAF85B06F9FAF6" box="[277,415,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Parurgonina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays a discontinuous fossil record including 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FE87F8B90637FAAB" authority="Kamoun &amp; Peybernes 1993" authorityName="Kamoun &amp; Peybernes" authorityYear="1993" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="primaeva">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FE87F8B9050DFAC8" box="[360,619,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Parurgonina primaeva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB86233FD91F8BA0637FAAB" author="Kamoun, F. &amp; Peybernes, B." pageId="7" pageNumber="38" pagination="93 - 99" refId="ref7279" refString="Kamoun, F. &amp; Peybernes, B., 1993. Parurgonina primaeva, n. sp., nouveau Foraminifere benthique du Dogger de l'extreme- sud Tunisien. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse, 129: 93 - 99." type="journal article" year="1993">Kamoun &amp; Peybernès 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Middle Jurassic (upper Bajocian–lower Bathonian) to the Upper Jurassic 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FD03F8FF0668FB6D" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="caelinensis">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FD03F8FF0668FB6D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">P. caelinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(uppermost Oxfordian–lowermost Tithonian, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB86233FF78F93E063AFB4C" author="Bassoullet, J. - P." box="[151,348,1821,1845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" pagination="293 - 304" refId="ref5707" refString="Bassoullet, J. - P., 1997 a. Les grands foraminiferes. In: Cariou, E. &amp; Hantzpergue, P. (coord.), Biostratigraphie du Jurassique ouest-europeen et mediterraneen: Zonations paralleles et distribution des invertebres et microfossiles. Bull. Centres Rech. Explor. - Prod. Elf-Aquitaine, Mem., 17: 293 - 304." type="journal article" year="1997">Bassoullet, 1997a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB86233FE82F93E0541FB4C" author="Ples, G. &amp; Bucur, I. I. &amp; Pacurariu, A." box="[365,551,1821,1845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" pagination="43 - 57" refId="ref7724" refString="Ples, G., Bucur, I. I. &amp; Pacurariu, A., 2015. Foraminiferal assemblages and facies associations in the Upper Jurassic carbonates from Ardeu Unit (Metaliferi Mountains, Romania). Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 11 (2): 43 - 57." type="journal article" year="2015">Pleş et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB86233FDD8F93E0517FB4C" author="Ples, G. &amp; Oprisa, A. &amp; Bucur, I. I. &amp; Sasaran, E. &amp; Mircescu, C. V. &amp; Oltean, G. &amp; Razvan, G. I." box="[567,625,1821,1845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" pagination="32" refId="ref7776" refString="Ples, G., Oprisa, A., Bucur, I. I., Sasaran, E., Mircescu, C. V., Oltean, G. &amp; Razvan, G. I., 2019. The central- western Getic Carbonate Platform: Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous biostratigraphy and sedimrentary evolution of the Cioclovina-Banita sector (Southern Carpathians, Romania). Facies, 65: 32." type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
). In fact, the only difference between the Upper Jurassic specimens and those from the Iranian Fahliyan Formation that we could observe is the comparably large embryonic chamber(s) at the apex (Tab. 1). According to literature data, the diameter of the megalospheric embryo for 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FD03F9E0079AFB82" authorityName="Kamoun &amp; Peybernes" authorityYear="1993" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="primaeva">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FD03F9E0079AFB82" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">P. primaeva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 0.200 mm and 
<quantity id="4C949B5CFFB86233FE20F9C005E6FB82" box="[463,640,2019,2043]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.135" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.11">
<geoCoordinate id="EE58507EFFB86233FE20F9C0056DFB82" box="[463,523,2019,2043]" degrees="0.110" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="0.11">0.110</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE58507EFFB86233FDE4F9C70536FB82" box="[523,592,2019,2043]" degrees="0.160" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" precision="55" value="-0.16">-0.160</geoCoordinate>
mm
</quantity>
for Upper Jurassic specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FBD5F85B03B1FAF6" box="[1082,1239,1655,1679]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="caelinensis">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FBD5F85B03B1FAF6" box="[1082,1239,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">P. caelinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The large-sized embryo of the Lower Cretaceous specimens reaches up to 
<quantity id="4C949B5CFFB86233FCDFF89904E9FAA8" box="[816,911,1722,1746]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
in size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFB8623CFCDFF8F8052CFE27" blockId="7.[816,1437,1655,2043]" lastBlockId="8.[151,772,152,606]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
As remarked by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB86233FC0BF8F803B7FA8A" author="Cuvillier, J. &amp; Foury, G. &amp; Pignatti Morano, A." box="[996,1233,1755,1779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref6057" refString="Cuvillier, J., Foury, G. &amp; Pignatti Morano, A., 1968. Foraminiferes nouveaux du Jurassique superieur du Val Cellina (Frioul Occidental, Italie). Geol. Romana, VII: 141 - 156." type="journal article" year="1968">Cuvillier et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FB32F8FF0201FA8A" box="[1245,1383,1756,1779]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FB32F8FF0201FA8A" box="[1245,1383,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Parurgonina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be confused with the gross homeomorphic 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FAEBF8DF02FBFB6D" authorityName="Septfontaine" authorityYear="1988" box="[1284,1437,1788,1812]" class="Globothalamea" family="Paravalvulinidae" genus="Paravalvulina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Textulariida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FAEBF8DF02FBFB6D" box="[1284,1437,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Paravalvulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ex. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FC8AF93E04A8FB4C" authorityName="Henson" authorityYear="1948" box="[869,974,1821,1845]" class="Globothalamea" family="Chrysalidinidae" genus="Dukhania" kingdom="Chromista" order="Textulariida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FC8AF93E04A8FB4C" box="[869,974,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Dukhania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FC0DF93E038AFB4C" authority="(Henson, 1948)" baseAuthorityName="Henson" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[994,1260,1821,1845]" class="Globothalamea" family="Chrysalidinidae" genus="Pseudochrysalidina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Textulariida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="arabica">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FC0DF93E0353FB4C" box="[994,1077,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">arabica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB86233FBA7F93E0382FB4C" author="Henson, F. R. S." box="[1096,1252,1821,1845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" pagination="605 - 630" refId="ref6830" refString="Henson, F. R. S., 1948. New Trochamminidae and Verneuilinidae from the Middle East. Journal of Natural History Series 11. 14 (117) [1947]: 605 - 630." type="journal article" year="1948">Henson, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
described from the ‘Infravalanginian’ limestones and shales containing 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FCDFF97C032EFB0E" baseAuthorityName="Yokoyama" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[816,1096,1887,1911]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclamminidae" genus="Pseudocyclammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="lituus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FCDFF97C032EFB0E" box="[816,1096,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Pseudocyclammina lituus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of subsurface 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7629FFB86233FB18F97C0254FB0E" box="[1271,1330,1887,1911]" name="Qatar" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Qatar</collectingCountry>
(Dhukan wells), later erroneously assigned to the Hauterivian by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB86233FCDFF981036FFBC0" author="Banner F. T. &amp; Simmons, M. D. &amp; Whittaker, J. E." box="[816,1033,1953,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" pagination="101 - 152" refId="ref5644" refString="Banner F. T., Simmons, M. D., &amp; Whittaker, J. E., 1991. The Mesozoic Chrysalidinidae (foraminifera, Textulariacea) of the Middle East; the Redmond (Aramco) taxa and their relatives. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology, 472: 101 - 152." type="journal article" year="1991">Banner et al. (1991)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB86233FBD1F9820252FBC0" author="Whittaker, J. E. &amp; Jones, R. W. &amp; Banner, F. T." box="[1086,1332,1953,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refId="ref8432" refString="Whittaker, J. E., Jones, R. W. &amp; Banner, F. T., 1998. Key Mesozoic benthic foraminifera of the Middle East. Natural History Museum, London, 237 pp." type="book" year="1998">Whittaker et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
(see next chapter for biostratigraphic remarks on genuine 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB86233FCDFF9C00324FB82" baseAuthorityName="Yokoyama" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[816,1090,2019,2043]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cyclamminidae" genus="Pseudocyclammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="lituus">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB86233FCDFF9C00324FB82" box="[816,1090,2019,2043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Pseudocyclammina lituus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). As indicated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB8623CFAFCF9C70786FCC9" author="Banner F. T. &amp; Simmons, M. D. &amp; Whittaker, J. E." lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" pagination="101 - 152" refId="ref5644" refString="Banner F. T., Simmons, M. D., &amp; Whittaker, J. E., 1991. The Mesozoic Chrysalidinidae (foraminifera, Textulariacea) of the Middle East; the Redmond (Aramco) taxa and their relatives. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology, 472: 101 - 152." type="journal article" year="1991">Banner et al. (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB7623CFF03FEBA063BFCC9" baseAuthorityName="Henson" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[236,349,152,176]" class="Globothalamea" family="Chrysalidinidae" genus="Pseudochrysalidina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Textulariida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="arabica">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB7623CFF03FEBA063BFCC9" box="[236,349,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. arabica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a quadriserial (juvenile) to triserial growth (adult), lacks a pseudo-keriothecal wall, the pillars are not triangular in axial sections (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB7623CFD82FEF907A9FD6A" author="Banner F. T. &amp; Simmons, M. D. &amp; Whittaker, J. E." pageId="8" pageNumber="39" pagination="101 - 152" refId="ref5644" refString="Banner F. T., Simmons, M. D., &amp; Whittaker, J. E., 1991. The Mesozoic Chrysalidinidae (foraminifera, Textulariacea) of the Middle East; the Redmond (Aramco) taxa and their relatives. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology, 472: 101 - 152." type="journal article" year="1991">Banner et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 98, 102-104; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB7623CFE4BFED805F5FD6A" author="Schroeder, R. &amp; Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M." box="[420,659,251,275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" pagination="319 - 326" refId="ref7984" refString="Schroeder, R., Guellal, S. &amp; Vila, J. M., 1975. Parurgonina caelinensis Cuvillier, Foury &amp; Pignatti Morano 1968 dans le Malm du Djebel Teioualt (Constantinois, Algerie). Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 68 (2): 319 - 326." type="journal article" year="1975">Schroeder et al., 1975</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2, fig. 1) and do not display the typical semi-lunular shape in transverse sections (e.g., fig. 4i, k). Moreover, the multiple foramina in the adult part of the central zone of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB7623CFF78FFA30676FDEE" baseAuthorityName="Henson" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[151,272,383,407]" class="Globothalamea" family="Chrysalidinidae" genus="Pseudochrysalidina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Textulariida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="arabica">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB7623CFF78FFA30676FDEE" box="[151,272,383,407]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. arabica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear predominantly perpendicular to the septa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB7623CFF33FF8306CDFDC1" author="Banner F. T. &amp; Simmons, M. D. &amp; Whittaker, J. E." box="[220,427,416,440]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" pagination="101 - 152" refId="ref5644" refString="Banner F. T., Simmons, M. D., &amp; Whittaker, J. E., 1991. The Mesozoic Chrysalidinidae (foraminifera, Textulariacea) of the Middle East; the Redmond (Aramco) taxa and their relatives. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology, 472: 101 - 152." type="journal article" year="1991">Banner et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 99, 102-104), while crosswise oblique in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB7623CFEBDFFE10567FDA0" authorityName="SCHLAGINTWEIT &amp; YAZDI-MOGHADAM &amp; GRANIER &amp; HOSSEINZADEH" authorityYear="2024" box="[338,513,449,473]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="valanginiana">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB7623CFEBDFFE10567FDA0" box="[338,513,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. valanginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another difference is that 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB7623CFF29FFC70614FD83" authorityName="SCHLAGINTWEIT &amp; YAZDI-MOGHADAM &amp; GRANIER &amp; HOSSEINZADEH" authorityYear="2024" box="[198,370,482,507]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="valanginiana">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB7623CFF29FFC70614FD83" box="[198,370,482,507]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. valanginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not show a marginal thickening of the chamber. Therefore, the chamber height remains more or less constant from the marginal to central test area as remarked by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB7623CFE9BFC65069CFE27" author="Gusic, I." box="[372,506,582,606]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" pagination="55 - 87" refId="ref6803" refString="Gusic, I., 1969. Some new and inadequately known Jurassic foraminifers from central Croatia. Geoloski Vjesnik, 22: 55 - 87." type="journal article" year="1969">Gušić (1969</bibRefCitation>
, p. 69).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336B9FFB7623CFF78FC540657FF6A" blockId="8.[151,771,631,787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
Like 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB7623CFF03FC5405AFFEF6" authority="(Neagu 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Neagu" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[236,713,631,655]" class="Globothalamea" family="Barkerinidae" genus="Barkerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="dobrogiaca">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB7623CFF03FC540690FEF6" box="[236,502,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Barkerina dobrogiaca</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB7623CFDCEFC5405A4FEF6" author="Neagu, T." box="[545,706,631,655]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" pagination="287 - 304" refId="ref7554" refString="Neagu, T., 2000. Lower Cretaceous calcareous agglutinated foraminifera from Southern Dobrogea - Romania Part IV. Miscellanea (Lituolacea, Biokovinacea and Loftusiacea - some new taxa). Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 2 (1999), 287 - 304." type="journal article" year="2000">Neagu 2000</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB7623CFF78FCBB055BFEC9" authority="(Schroeder 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Schroeder" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[151,573,664,688]" class="Globothalamea" family="Orbitolinidae" genus="Valdanchella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="miliani">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB7623CFF78FCBB061CFEC9" box="[151,378,664,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Valdanchella miliani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B48FFB7623CFE66FCBB0553FEC9" author="Schroeder, R." box="[393,565,664,688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" pagination="311 - 318" refId="ref7941" refString="Schroeder, R., 1968. Sobre algunos foraminiferos del Valanginense de la Sierra de Valdancha (provincial de Castellon). Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural (Geol.), 66, 311 - 318." type="journal article" year="1968">Schroeder 1968</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in the middle and western parts of Neotethys, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D3AFFB7623CFE16FC9905D7FEA8" authorityName="SCHLAGINTWEIT &amp; YAZDI-MOGHADAM &amp; GRANIER &amp; HOSSEINZADEH" authorityYear="2024" box="[505,689,697,721]" class="Globothalamea" family="Parurgoninidae" genus="Parurgonina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Loftusiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="valanginiana">
<emphasis id="B918EAABFFB7623CFE16FC9905D7FEA8" box="[505,689,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. valanginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might represent a Valanginian marker taxon endemic to the Arabian Plate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>