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<document id="A7824317312EA0C157B072245277B3FC" ID-DOI="10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.7" ID-ISSN="2624-2834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7929848" ID-ZooBank="CF33795B-769D-48E9-98E6-E4F58588547A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683888554068" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="PROKIN, ALEXANDER A. &amp; BASHKUEV, ALEXEY S." docDate="2023" docId="039387CD0E6CFFC7980EF903359F2411" docLanguage="en" docName="palaeoentomology.6.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeoentomology 6 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E.4:Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E" docStyleName="Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Izyumochauliodes aristovi PROKIN &amp; BASHKUEV 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="FFAAFFB50E68FFC19B24FF8731192129" masterDocTitle="The oldest known larvae of Megaloptera (Insecta) from the Triassic of Ukraine" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="155" pageNumber="159" updateTime="1685384721778" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="DC33CEA3BA62CFE65356F40AD49583AA">The oldest known larvae of Megaloptera (Insecta) from the Triassic of Ukraine</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B029D483701F3ABBF76D5A538A2967E3">PROKIN, ALEXANDER A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7FDA9B2C3550690BEF8B38061C719E65">BASHKUEV, ALEXEY S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C45AB687D2BA23B8F3105800342ABC1A">Palaeoentomology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:date id="F948463616690C86631BAB9B008F17CF">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="01A19DFEFBDE12EFE4FA60B636EBBFFE">2023-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="22614A9D1CF02A4B227E2D708D243E03" type="DOI">10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039387CD0E6CFFC7980EF903359F2411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387CD0E6CFFC7980EF903359F2411" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387CD0E6CFFC7980EF903359F2411" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
<subSubSection id="C32065500E6CFFC5980EF90334B227B6" box="[810,1451,1668,1695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6CFFC5980EF90334B227B6" blockId="4.[810,1451,1668,1732]" box="[810,1451,1668,1695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
<heading id="D0CD81B70E6CFFC5980EF90334B227B6" bold="true" box="[810,1451,1668,1695]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6CFFC5980EF90334B227B6" bold="true" box="[810,1451,1668,1695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D580E6CFFC5980EF903345227B6" authority="Prokin &amp; Bashkuev" authorityName="PROKIN &amp; BASHKUEV" authorityYear="2023" box="[810,1355,1668,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Izyumochauliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6CFFC5980EF903354027B7" bold="true" box="[810,1113,1668,1695]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Izyumochauliodes aristovi</emphasis>
Prokin &amp; Bashkuev
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57B20E6CFFC59E76F90234B227B6" box="[1362,1451,1669,1695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32065500E6CFFC5980EF92E328727ED" box="[810,926,1705,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6CFFC5980EF92E328727ED" blockId="4.[810,1451,1668,1732]" box="[810,926,1705,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
(
<figureCitation id="13012A5E0E6CFFC59816F92E328D27ED" box="[818,916,1705,1732]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[136,235,2003,2027]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,235,1480,1504]" captionStartId-2="4.[136,235,1646,1670]" captionStartId-3="5.[136,235,1482,1506]" captionStartId-4="6.[136,235,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox-0="[402,1185,189,1952]" captionTargetBox-1="[344,1243,189,1456]" captionTargetBox-2="[142,772,189,1622]" captionTargetBox-3="[432,1156,189,1459]" captionTargetBox-4="[195,717,189,1805]" captionTargetId-0="figure-22@2.[402,1185,189,1980]" captionTargetId-1="figure-200@3.[344,1243,189,1456]" captionTargetId-2="figure-464@4.[142,772,189,1622]" captionTargetId-3="figure-200@5.[432,1156,189,1459]" captionTargetId-4="figure-360@6.[195,717,189,1805]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Fossil larva Izyumochauliodes aristovi gen. et sp. nov., holotype PIN 3320/33.A, B, Photograph (part and counterpart). C, Line drawing of the body, dorsally. D, Line drawing of the body, ventrally. Scale bars = 2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Fossil larva Izyumochauliodes aristovi gen. et sp. nov., photographs of paratypes. A, PIN 3320/32. B, PIN 3320/38. Scale bars = 2 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Fossil larva Izyumochauliodes aristovi gen. et sp. nov., photographs of paratypes. A, PIN 3320/64. B, PIN 3320/35. Scale bars = 2 mm (A), 1 mm (B)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Morphological details of Izyumochauliodes aristovi gen. et sp. nov. A, PIN 3320/38, abdominal segment X with prolegs. B, PIN 3320/32, respiratory tubes.Abbreviations: cl—claws of prolegs, lf—lateral filament of segment X, RT—spiracular opening of respiratory tube. Scale bars = 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Morphological details of Izyumochauliodes aristovi gen. et sp. nov. A, PIN 3320/33, head. B, PIN 3320/64, head with mandible. C, PIN 3320/33, cervical segment and prothorax. Abbreviations: bst—basisternum, ccav—coxal cavities of prothorax, cer—jugulare of cervical segment, cri— occipital suture, mdt—mandibular teeth, mtscl—sclerotisations of mentum. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929852" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929854" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929858" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929860" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929862" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7929852/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7929854/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7929858/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7929860/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7929862/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32065500E6CFFC5980EF97635F62921" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6CFFC5980EF97635F62921" blockId="4.[810,1452,1777,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6CFFC5980EF97632C12622" bold="true" box="[810,984,1777,1803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B523C860E6CFFC598FBF976327F267A" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" specimenCode="PIN 3320" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548188790E6CFFC598FBF97635552622" box="[991,1100,1777,1803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DB9C9EA00E6CFFC59F72F97535DC2622" box="[1110,1221,1777,1804]" collectionCode="PIN" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">PIN 3320</specimenCode>
/33, impression (part and counterpart) of complete dorso-ventrally compressed larva
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B523C860E6CFFC5985EF8BD3539265E" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" specimenCode="PIN 3320" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="548188790E6CFFC5985EF8BD32F2267D" box="[890,1003,1850,1876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DB9C9EA00E6CFFC59F24F8BD356F267A" box="[1024,1142,1849,1876]" collectionCode="PIN" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">PIN 3320</specimenCode>
/32 (without counterpart), larva without head
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B523C860E6CFFC59F1AF8D935F22921" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" specimenCode="PIN 3320" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DB9C9EA00E6CFFC59F1AF8D935A42651" box="[1086,1213,1886,1912]" collectionCode="PIN" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">PIN 3320</specimenCode>
/38, ventro-laterally compressed incomplete larva; 3320/64 (counterpart only), nearly complete larva without legs; 3320/35 (without counterpart), anterior part of larva with head, thorax and basal abdominal segments, without legs
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32065500E6CFFC4987BF795338F27E6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6CFFC4987BF795338F27E6" blockId="4.[810,1452,1777,2093]" lastBlockId="5.[136,778,1645,2068]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6CFFC5987BF79532FF2905" bold="true" box="[863,998,2066,2092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Etymology.</emphasis>
Dedicated to the memory of Daniil S. Aristov, our friend and colleague, who prematurely passed away in 2022 at the age of 43, for his great contribution to the taxonomy and systematics of fossil insects.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4566530E6DFFC49BACFA4D320F2702" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929860" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7929860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929860/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" startId="5.[136,235,1482,1506]" targetBox="[432,1156,189,1459]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6DFFC49BACFA4D320F2702" blockId="5.[136,1452,1482,1579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6DFFC49BACFA4D301F24CA" bold="true" box="[136,262,1482,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Morphological details of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D580E6DFFC4993CFA4D323C24CB" authority="PROKIN &amp; BASHKUEV, 2023" authorityName="PROKIN &amp; BASHKUEV" authorityYear="2023" box="[536,805,1482,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Izyumochauliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristovi" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6DFFC4993CFA4D323C24CB" box="[536,805,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Izyumochauliodes aristovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6DFFC4980BFA4C32F724CB" bold="true" box="[815,1006,1482,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57B20E6DFFC4980BFA4C32CD24CA" box="[815,980,1483,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A
</emphasis>
, PIN 3320/38, abdominal segment X with prolegs.
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6DFFC49BFBFA6831E9272E" bold="true" box="[223,240,1519,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">B</emphasis>
, PIN 3320/32, respiratory tubes. Abbreviations: cl—claws of prolegs, lf—lateral filament of segment X, RT—spiracular opening of respiratory tube. Scale bars = 1 mm (
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6DFFC49957F995339C2703" bold="true" box="[627,645,1554,1578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">A</emphasis>
), 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6DFFC499D3F99432112702" bold="true" box="[759,776,1555,1579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">B</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32065500E6DFFC49B99F95E301C26E2" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6DFFC49B99F95E30CC27DA" blockId="5.[136,778,1645,2068]" box="[189,469,1753,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6DFFC49B99F95E302127DA" bold="true" box="[189,312,1753,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
As for genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6DFFC49B99F97A301C26E2" blockId="5.[136,778,1645,2068]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6DFFC49B99F97A30D2263E" bold="true" box="[189,459,1789,1815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Locality and horizon.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32D764B0E6DFFC49AFDF97A332F263E" box="[473,566,1789,1815]" name="Ukraine" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF8390E6DFFC4996CF97A321F263E" box="[584,774,1789,1815]" country="Ukraine" name="Kharkiv" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Kharkiv Region</collectingRegion>
, Izyum District, right bank of the Bereka River (tributary of the Seversky Donets River),
<quantity id="4CC29B3E0E6DFFC49ADEF8C2332E2676" box="[506,567,1861,1887]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
north of Velikaya Kamyshevakha, Dolgy Jar ravine, Garazhovka locality; Upper Triassic, upper Carnian—lower Norian, Protopivka Formation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32065500E6DFFC79B99F852328B2036" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6DFFC49B99F85235B02927" blockId="5.[136,778,1645,2068]" lastBlockId="5.[810,1452,1645,2063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6DFFC49B99F852305626C6" bold="true" box="[189,335,2005,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Description.</emphasis>
Total length of larva,
<quantity id="4CC29B3E0E6DFFC49949F852321326D9" box="[621,778,2005,2032]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.215" metricValueMax="1.48" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="12.15" valueMax="14.8" valueMin="9.5">9.5–14.8 mm</quantity>
(12.0 in
<typeStatus id="548188790E6DFFC49BC2F87E3055293A" box="[230,332,2041,2067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">holotype</typeStatus>
), length of pronotum
<quantity id="4CC29B3E0E6DFFC4991BF87E33DF293D" box="[575,710,2041,2068]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
(1.5), width of pronotum
<quantity id="4CC29B3E0E6DFFC49F26F9EA359027AE" box="[1026,1161,1645,1671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.2 mm</quantity>
(1.8), length of head
<quantity id="4CC29B3E0E6DFFC49E5EF9EA329B2787" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.8">0.8– 1.4 mm</quantity>
(1.0), width of head 1.2–1.5 (1.2). Neck region about 0.3 of total length of head. Basisternum about two times longer than coxal cavities and two times shorter than tergite of pronotum. Tergites of mesonotum equal in length to metanotal tergites and 2.75 times shorter than pronotal tergites. Obscure internal organ (most possibly proventriculus) is seen between segments III and IV. Respiratory tubes about 7 times longer than wide, nearly half as long as lateral filament of segment VIII. Proleg more than twice longer than wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6EFFC7980EFF3B341021FF" blockId="6.[810,1289,188,251]" box="[810,1289,188,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6EFFC7980EFF3B341021FF" bold="true" box="[810,1289,188,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D580E6EFFC798A1FF3B352D21FE" authority="Leach" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[901,1076,188,215]" class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sialidae Leach</taxonomicName>
in Brewster, 1815
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6EFFC7980EFF67355121D2" blockId="6.[810,1289,188,251]" box="[810,1096,224,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6EFFC7980EFF67355121D2" bold="true" box="[810,1096,224,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
Subfamily
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6EFFC79888FF67355121D2" bold="true" box="[940,1096,224,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">incertae sedis</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6EFFC7980EFE82328B2036" blockId="6.[810,914,261,287]" box="[810,914,261,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
(
<figureCitation id="13012A5E0E6EFFC79816FE8232932036" box="[818,906,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[136,235,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-181@7.[151,1436,179,1496]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fossil Megaloptera from Garazhovka locality, photographs. A, Sialidae, subfamilia incertae sedis, PIN 2230/34. B, Megaloptera, familia incertae sedis, PIN 3320/36. C, Megaloptera, familia incertae sedis, PIN 3320/37. Abbreviations: cf—end of caudal filament of segment X, h—head, l1—tip of foreleg, l2—tip of midleg, l3—tip of hindleg, mst—mesothorax, mmt— metathorax, pt—prothorax. Scale bars = 2 mm (A), 1 mm (B), 0.5 mm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929866/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32065500E6EFFC7980EFECA359F2411" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6EFFC7980EFECA35762384" blockId="6.[810,1452,333,1336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6EFFC7980EFECA3287204E" bold="true" box="[810,926,333,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new fossil larva (PIN 3320/34, preserved in lateral view) is assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D580E6EFFC79F55FEF6341820A2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1137,1281,369,395]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Megaloptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D580E6EFFC79E28FEF6347F20A2" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1292,1382,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Sialidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sialidae</taxonomicName>
based on the following characters: head large, thorax flattened and robust, with prothorax longer than meso- and metathoraces, with heavily sclerotized and quadrangular pronotum; abdomen elongate, abdominal segments with lateral filaments (their number is unknown), segment X with long tapering median filament; legs long, nearly one third as long as body length. Total length of the larva,
<quantity id="4CC29B3E0E6EFFC79E5FFDE832412384" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="11.3">11.3 mm</quantity>
, length of head,
<quantity id="4CC29B3E0E6EFFC79F35FD1435732384" box="[1041,1130,659,685]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6EFFC7987BFD30328C22DB" blockId="6.[810,1452,333,1336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
Abdominal lateral filaments (tracheal gills) are poorly preserved and their number is unknown, which preclude us from attributing the new larva to a particular subfamily. However, considering that
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D580E6EFFC79E32FCA434B22214" authorityName="Liu, Hayashi &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2015" box="[1302,1451,803,829]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sharasialinae">Sharasialinae</taxonomicName>
(in contrast to Sialinae) have tracheal gills on the 8th abdominal segment, which is considered a plesiomorphic condition, and the even more ancient, Triassic, age of the new larva, the tracheal gills on its segment VIII can be expected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536DB0E6EFFC7987BFC7A359F2411" blockId="6.[810,1452,333,1336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
Larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D580E6EFFC798F9FC7B3541253F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[989,1112,1020,1046]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
known to have the segment X protruding to a long caudal filament (
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D580E6EFFC79E2FFBA7349D2513" box="[1291,1412,1056,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Haliplidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haliplidae</taxonomicName>
, as well as fossil
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D580E6EFFC798C5FBC2327B25AA" authority="Prokin et al., 2019" authorityName="Prokin" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" genus="Kargalarva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permosialis">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6EFFC798C5FBC235EF2576" box="[993,1270,1093,1119]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Kargalarva permosialis</emphasis>
Prokin
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6EFFC79E46FBC234BC2576" box="[1378,1445,1093,1119]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</taxonomicName>
from the Middle Permian of Kargala and
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D580E6EFFC79E66FBEE35F3258E" authority="Prokin &amp; Bashkuev, 2020" authorityName="Prokin &amp; Bashkuev" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" genus="Trialarva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koburgensis">
<emphasis id="B94EEAC90E6EFFC79E66FBEE32A9258E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Trialarva koburgensis</emphasis>
Prokin &amp; Bashkuev, 2020
</taxonomicName>
from the Upper Triassic Hassberge Formation in Lower Franconia) all have a relatively small head that is shorter and narrower than the pronotum, in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D580E6EFFC79F81FB7E342C243A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1189,1333,1273,1299]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Megaloptera</taxonomicName>
, including the newly reported sialid larva.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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