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<mods:title id="7FFF45EC8BF6D0BDAA48F48D552C4F79">Review of grapsoid families for the establishment of a new family for Leptograpsodes Montgomery, 1931, and a new genus of Gecarcinidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A31B8A61B992EE00E5F8275772EB8AB">Guinot, Danièle</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FBAEFE9FB3215FFC1D9242C400781CC2">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, case postale 53, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) guinot @ mnhn. fr (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFED51F21FDBAFAB4" authority="(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFED51F21FDB1FA97" bold="true" box="[302,605,1331,1358]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)
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(
<figureCitation id="13012A21FF84263CFE631F61FE1CFA54" box="[408,496,1395,1421]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionStartId-1="14.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionStartId-2="15.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1412,218,1909]" captionTargetBox-1="[299,1307,215,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[289,1368,217,1856]" captionTargetId-0="figure-36@12.[709,1243,724,1233]" captionTargetId-1="figure-24@14.[299,1307,214,1923]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@15.[169,1432,150,1937]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIG. 1. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), ♂ 51.8 ×68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV J55301-1): A, carapace, dorsal surface; B, chelipeds; C, thoracic sternum with pleon (setal tufts visible); D, thoracic sternum without pleon; E, genital area with male gonopore and penis; F, G1, two views; G, front, orbit, antenna (with articles 1-4 and flagellum) and suborbital ridge as pars stridens. Scale bars: 10 mm." captionText-1="FIG. 2. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837): A-D, neotype, ♂ 17.3× 20.6 mm, Australia, Tasmania, King Island, TMAG G1033: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, with suborbital ridge as pars stridens; D, close-up view of plectrum as whitish ridge on P1 merus (see arrow); E, syntype of L. webhaysi Montgomery, 1931, ovigerous ♀ 27.0 ×34.0 mm, Abrolhos, WAM C71736. Scale bars: 10 mm." captionText-2="FIG. 3. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), ♂ 51.8 ×68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV J55301-1): A, thoracic sternum (note sternite 8 not developed medially, only exposed laterally); B, genital area with male gonopore and penis; C, posterior part of thoracic sternum with pleon; D, front and orbit. Abbreviations: b, bridge; b.p., press-button; c, coxo-sternal condyle; cx1-5, P1-P5 coxae; e.p., exposed proximal portion of penis; e.t., extraorbital tooth; e4-e7, episternites 4-7; i.b., suborbital border; i.s., incomplete sulcus; i.t., suborbital tooth; m.l., median line; mxp3; third maxilliped; P1, P2, P3, pleonal somites 1-3; p, penis; p.e., posterior emargination; p.p., proximal portion of penis; p.r., pleonal rim; s.c., stridulating crest; s.p., sterno-pleonal cavity; 1-8, thoracic sternites 1-8; 1/2-7/8, thoracic sternal sutures 1/2-7/8. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336862" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336868" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336872" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4336862/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4336868/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4336872/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Figs 1-3</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFF7F1FBEFD4EFA1D" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837: 80" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityPageNumber="80" authorityYear="1837" box="[132,674,1452,1476]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFF7F1FBEFE98FA1D" box="[132,372,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Cyclograpsus octodentatus</emphasis>
H. Milne Edwards, 1837: 80
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. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFD341FBFFF0CFA06" author="LUCAS H." page="71" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1840">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFD341FBFFF0CFA06" author="LUCAS H." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" refId="ref57300" refString="LUCAS H. 1840. - Histoire naturelle des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Myriapodes, in Histoire naturelle des Animaux Articules. Dumenil, Paris, 600 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 44485" type="book" year="1840">Lucas 1840: 71</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFF7F1FE7FE96F9D4" authority="H. Milne Edwards 1853" box="[132,378,1525,1549]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Heterograpsus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFF7F1FE7FE96F9D4" box="[132,378,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Heterograpsus octodentatus</emphasis>
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– H. 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFE551FE7FD44F9D4" author="MILNE EDWARDS H." box="[430,680,1524,1549]" page="160" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1853">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFE551FE7FD44F9D4" author="MILNE EDWARDS H." box="[430,680,1524,1549]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="163 - 230" refId="ref57827" refString="MILNE EDWARDS H. 1853. - Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Deuxieme tribu principale. Annales des Sciences naturelles Series 3 (Zoology) 20: 163 - 230, pls 6 - 11. [Reprinted in undated &quot; Melanges Carcinologiques &quot;: 129 - 196]." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards 1853: 160</bibRefCitation>
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[194]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFF781C1DFEA9F9FE" author="KINGSLEY J. S." box="[131,325,1551,1575]" page="209" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFF781C1DFEA9F9FE" author="KINGSLEY J. S." box="[131,325,1551,1575]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="187 - 224" refId="ref56034" refString="KINGSLEY J. S. 1880. - Carcinological notes. IV. Synopsis of the Grapsidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 32: 187 - 224. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 5511079" type="journal article" year="1880">Kingsley 1880: 209</bibRefCitation>
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. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFE951C1DFDC7F9FE" author="HASWELL W. A." box="[366,555,1551,1575]" page="101" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1882">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFE951C1DFDC7F9FE" author="HASWELL W. A." box="[366,555,1551,1575]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" refId="ref54582" refString="HASWELL W. A. 1882. - Catalogue of the Australian stalk- and sessile-eyed Crustacea. Australian Museum, Sydney, xxiv + 326 p., 4 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1948" type="book" year="1882">Haswell 1882: 101</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFF7F1C2FFE8BF98C" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[132,359,1597,1621]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Brachynotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFF7F1C2FFE8BF98C" box="[132,359,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Brachynotus octodentatus</emphasis>
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– 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFE871C2FFDF4F98C" author="TESCH J. J." box="[380,536,1597,1621]" page="106" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1918">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFE871C2FFDF4F98C" author="TESCH J. J." box="[380,536,1597,1621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="11 - 48" refId="ref63440" refString="TESCH J. J. 1918. - The Decapoda Brachyura of the Siboga Expedition. I. Hymenosomidae, Retroplumidae, Ocypodidae, Grapsidae, and Gecarcinidae. Siboga Expedition Decapoda Monographs 39 (c): 11 - 48, 6 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10267" type="book chapter" year="1918">Tesch 1918: 106</bibRefCitation>
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(in key and footnote). — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFF781C4AFEF8F9A9" author="HALE H. M." box="[131,276,1624,1648]" page="69" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFF781C4AFEF8F9A9" author="HALE H. M." box="[131,276,1624,1648]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="67 - 73" refId="ref53715" refString="HALE H. M. 1924. - The flora and fauna of Nuyts Archipelago and the Investigator Group. No. 16. The Crustacea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 48: 67 - 73. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41571336" type="journal article" year="1924">Hale 1924: 69</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFEE41C4AFE7DF9A9" author="HALE H. M." box="[287,401,1624,1648]" page="182" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFEE41C4AFE7DF9A9" author="HALE H. M." box="[287,401,1624,1648]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 202" refId="ref53766" refString="HALE H. M. 1927 a. - The crustaceans of South Australia. Part 1, in Handbooks of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Govt. Printer, Adelaide: 1 - 201, figs 1 - 202." type="book chapter" year="1927">1927a: 182</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 183; 1927b: 312. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFD6E1C4AFF41F953" author="BALSS H." page="142" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFD6E1C4AFF41F953" author="BALSS H." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="113 - 151" refId="ref48119" refString="BALSS H. 1935. - Brachyura of the Hamburg Museum expedItion to south-western Australia, 1905. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 21: 113 - 151. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 43753402" type="journal article" year="1935">Balss 1935: 142</bibRefCitation>
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. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFF291C60FE93F953" author="TWEEDIE M. W. F." box="[210,383,1650,1674]" page="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFF291C60FE93F953" author="TWEEDIE M. W. F." box="[210,383,1650,1674]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="13 - 26" refId="ref64320" refString="TWEEDIE M. W. F. 1942. - The grapsid and ocypodid crabs of Tasmania. Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania [1941]: 13 - 26." type="journal article" year="1942">Tweedie 1942: 16</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 2. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFE191C60FD91F953" author="GUILER E. R." box="[482,637,1650,1674]" page="40" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFE191C60FD91F953" author="GUILER E. R." box="[482,637,1650,1674]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="15 - 44" refId="ref53018" refString="GUILER E. R. 1952. - A list of the Crustacea of Tasmania. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum 11 (3): 15 - 44." type="journal article" year="1952">Guiler 1952: 40</bibRefCitation>
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(list). — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFD231C61FEE1F97C" author="BENNETT E. W." page="81" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFD231C61FEE1F97C" author="BENNETT E. W." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref48624" refString="BENNETT E. W. 1964. - The marine fauna of New Zealand: Crustacea Brachyura. Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 153 (22): 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1964">Bennett 1964: 81</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFF7F1CA9FE3EF90A" author="HESS W." box="[132,466,1722,1747]" page="148" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFF7F1CA9FE3EF90A" authority="Hess, 1865: 148" authorityName="Hess" authorityPageNumber="148" authorityYear="1865" box="[132,466,1722,1747]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Grapsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFF7F1CA9FEC0F90B" box="[132,300,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Grapsus inornatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFEC91CA9FE3EF90A" author="HESS W." box="[306,466,1722,1747]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="127 - 173" refId="ref54627" refString="HESS W. 1865. - Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Decapoden-Krebse Ost-Australiens. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 31 (1): 127 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 15862" type="journal article" year="1865">Hess, 1865: 148</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 6, fig. 11. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFD801CA9FF4CF934" author="HASWELL W. A." page="98" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1882">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFD801CA9FF4CF934" author="HASWELL W. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" refId="ref54582" refString="HASWELL W. A. 1882. - Catalogue of the Australian stalk- and sessile-eyed Crustacea. Australian Museum, Sydney, xxiv + 326 p., 4 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1948" type="book" year="1882">Haswell 1882: 98</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — see 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFF161CC4FE42F934" author="DE MAN J. G." box="[237,430,1749,1773]" page="699" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFF161CC4FE42F934" author="DE MAN J. G." box="[237,430,1749,1773]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="639 - 722" refId="ref51777" refString="DE MAN J. G. 1887. - Uebersicht der indo-pacifischen Arten der Gattung Sesarma Say, nebst einer Kritik der von W. Hess und E. Nauck in den Jahren 1865 und 1880 beschriebenen Decapoden. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 2: 639 - 722, pl. 17. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 10356679" type="journal article" year="1887">De Man 1887: 699</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263CFF7F1D11FEC9F8EF" blockId="11.[132,775,1795,1846]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A118AFF84263CFF7F1D11FEC9F8EF" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFF7F1D11FDB1F8C2" author="MONTGOMERY S. K." box="[132,605,1795,1820]" page="452" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1931">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFF7F1D11FDB1F8C2" authority="Montgomery, 1931: 452" authorityName="Montgomery" authorityPageNumber="452" authorityYear="1931" box="[132,605,1795,1820]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="webhaysi">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFF7F1D11FE89F8C2" box="[132,357,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Leptograpsodes webhaysi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFE901D16FDB1F8C2" author="MONTGOMERY S. K." box="[363,605,1795,1820]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="405 - 465" refId="ref57917" refString="MONTGOMERY S. K. 1931. - Report on the Crustacea Brachyura of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Abrolhos Islands under the leadership of Professor W. J. Dakin, D. Sc., F. L. S., in 1913; along with other crabs from Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 37 (253): 405 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1931. tb 00470. x" type="journal article" year="1931">Montgomery, 1931: 452</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pI. 25, fig. 5, pI. 28, fig. 1, la, 1b.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263CFF7F1D5EFE43F831" blockId="11.[132,776,1868,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A118AFF84263CFF7F1D5EFE43F831" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFF7F1D5EFE60F8BD" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[132,396,1868,1892]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFF7F1D5EFE60F8BD" box="[132,396,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFE511D5EFD97F8BD" author="GEORGE R. W." box="[426,635,1868,1892]" page="71" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFE511D5EFD97F8BD" author="GEORGE R. W." box="[426,635,1868,1892]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref52682" refString="GEORGE R. W. 1962. - The burrowing shore crab of southern Australia. Australia Natural History 14 (3): 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">George 1962: 71-74</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, unnumbered figs. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFF2B1D74FE92F8A7" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." box="[208,382,1894,1918]" page="325" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFF2B1D74FE92F8A7" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." box="[208,382,1894,1918]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="323 - 347" refId="ref52915" refString="GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1969. - Notes on the taxonomy and zoogeography of the Tasmanian grapsid and ocypodid crabs (Crustacea, Brachyura). Records of the Australian Museum 27: 323 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.27.1969.452" type="journal article" year="1969">Griffin 1969: 325</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 1, 2a-c, 3a, 8, 9, table 3; 1971: 598, 603, figs 1-3, 5, tables 2, 3, 5-12. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFE011D93FD48F840" author="DAVIE P. J. F." box="[506,676,1921,1945]" page="215" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFE011D93FD48F840" author="DAVIE P. J. F." box="[506,676,1921,1945]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" refId="ref50907" refString="DAVIE P. J. F. 2002. - Crustacea: Malacostraca. Eucarida (Part 2). Decapoda Anomura, Brachyura, in WELLS A. &amp; HOUSTON W. W. K. (eds), Zological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3 B. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, xiv + 641 p." type="book" year="2002">Davie 2002: 215</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFD341D93FF01F86A" author="POORE G. C. B." page="297" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFD341D93FF01F86A" author="POORE G. C. B." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" refId="ref60637" refString="POORE G. C. B. 2004. - Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia. A Guide to Identification with Chapter on Stomatopoda by Shane Ahyong. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 574 p." type="book" year="2004">Poore 2004: 297</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 503, 506, figs 161b, f, 162d, e, pl. 29d. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFD4B1D8EFF00F817" author="NG P. K. L. &amp; GUINOT D. &amp; DAVIE P. J. F." page="217" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFD4B1D8EFF00F817" author="NG P. K. L. &amp; GUINOT D. &amp; DAVIE P. J. F." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref59707" refString="NG P. K. L., GUINOT D. &amp; DAVIE P. J. F. 2008. - Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 17: 1 - 286. [updates at http: // rmbr. nus. edu. sg / research / cotw / supplement 17. php]" type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFD2C1D8EFCE4F86A" box="[727,776,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 217
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFEEF1DA4FE35F817" author="SCHUBART C. D." box="[276,473,1974,1998]" page="473" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFEEF1DA4FE35F817" author="SCHUBART C. D." box="[276,473,1974,1998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="472 - 478" refId="ref61452" refString="SCHUBART C. D. 2011. - Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationship within Grapsidae (Crustacea: Brachyura) and comparison of trans-isthmian vs amphi-atlantic gene flow based on mtDNA. Zoologischer Anzeiger 250: 472 - 478. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2011.06.003" type="journal article" year="2011">Schubart 2011: 473</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 476, fig. 1, table 1. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10B5FF84263CFD441DA4FF00F831" author="IP B. H. Y. &amp; SCHUBART C. D. &amp; TSANG L. M. &amp; CHU K. H." page="221" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFD441DA4FF00F831" author="IP B. H. Y. &amp; SCHUBART C. D. &amp; TSANG L. M. &amp; CHU K. H." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="217 - 227" refId="ref55156" refString="IP B. H. Y., SCHUBART C. D., TSANG L. M. &amp; CHU K. H. 2015. - Phylogeny of the shore crab family Grapsidae (Decapoda: Brachyura: Thoracotremata) based on a multilocus approach. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174 (2): 217 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12235" type="journal article" year="2015">
Ip 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFD221DA4FCE4F817" box="[729,776,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">et al.</emphasis>
2015: 221
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 223, fig. 2, table 1.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652FFF84263CFCD61ACAFB4EFDF5" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263CFCD61ACAFB4EFDF5" blockId="11.[811,1457,215,689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 
<materialsCitation id="3B523CF9FF84263CFBDB1AC5FB3DFE04" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3001054302" collectingDate="1965-04-13" collectingDateMax="2006-10-10" collectingDateMin="1965-04-13" collectionCode="TMAG, NMV" country="Australia" county="King Island" determinerName="G. Poore" latitude="-32.07222" location="Blue Lagoon" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="132.99" municipality="King Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" specimenCode="G1033, G3854, J55301-1" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="neotype">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFBDB1AC5FC41FED3" authority="(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFBDB1AC5FACCFF36" box="[1056,1312,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<typeStatus id="54818806FF84263CFC4E1AE0FBEEFED3" box="[949,1026,242,266]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
(by present designation), 
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD2DFF84263CFB0C1AE4FAE7FED4" box="[1271,1291,246,269]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
17.3 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFAC41AE0FAA1FED0" box="[1343,1357,242,265]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">×</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CC29B41FF84263CFAAB1AE3FA47FED0" box="[1360,1451,241,265]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="20.6">20.6 mm</quantity>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FF84263CFCD61B1EFC6AFEFD" box="[813,902,268,292]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FF84263CFC6B1B1EFC1CFEFD" box="[912,1008,268,292]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62E44E28FF84263CFC001B1EFB9DFEFD" box="[1019,1137,268,292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">King Island</collectingCounty>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="26CF5372FF84263CFB551B1EFAD8FEFD" box="[1198,1332,268,292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">D. Alexander</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FF841064FF84263CFAC41B1EFA43FEFD" box="[1343,1455,268,292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" value="1965-04-13">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E98CFF84263CFAC41B1EFA43FEFD" box="[1343,1455,268,292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" value="1965-04-13">13.IV.1965</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE61FF84263CFCCE1B35FC6DFEE6" box="[821,897,295,319]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/88vw-h26m" name="Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">TMAG</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB9C9EDFFF84263CFC7C1B35FC3CFEE6" box="[903,976,295,319]" collectionCode="TMAG" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/88vw-h26m" name="Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">G1033</specimenCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD2DFF84263CFC191B35FBE8FE9B" box="[994,1028,295,322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
12.8 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFBC11B35FBA4FEE7" box="[1082,1096,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">×</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CC29B41FF84263CFBB01B34FB44FEE7" box="[1099,1192,294,318]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="15.4">15.4 mm</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD2DFF84263CFB481B35FB3FFE9B" box="[1203,1235,295,322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
17.1 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFAF11B35FAF4FEE7" box="[1290,1304,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">×</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CC29B41FF84263CFAE01B34FA94FEE7" box="[1307,1400,294,318]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="20.6">20.6 mm</quantity>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FF84263CFA781B35FC8FFE80" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FF84263CFC951B53FC3DFE80" box="[878,977,321,345]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1ACDEFF84263CFC261B53FBBBFE80" box="[989,1111,321,345]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">King Island</collectingMunicipality>
, Cape Wickham, above high tide level, in freshwater, coll. 
<collectorName id="26CF5372FF84263CFBE51B4EFB9CFEAA" box="[1054,1136,347,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">D. Hird</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FF841064FF84263CFB811B49FB39FEAA" box="[1146,1237,347,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" value="1996-12">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E98CFF84263CFB811B49FB39FEAA" box="[1146,1237,347,371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" value="1996-12">XII.1996</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE61FF84263CFB1A1B49FAC1FEAA" box="[1249,1325,347,371]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/88vw-h26m" name="Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">TMAG</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB9C9EDFFF84263CFAC81B49FA90FEAA" box="[1331,1404,347,371]" collectionCode="TMAG" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/88vw-h26m" name="Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">G3854</specimenCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD2DFF84263CFA761B49FA43FEAE" box="[1421,1455,347,375]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
51.8 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFCA71B65FC86FE57" box="[860,874,375,398]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">×</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CC29B41FF84263CFC961B64FC2BFE54" box="[877,967,374,398]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.83" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="68.3">68.3 mm</quantity>
(left-handed), 
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FF84263CFBA21B64FB5EFE57" box="[1113,1202,374,398]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FF84263CFB401B64FAB8FE57" box="[1211,1364,374,398]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">South Australia</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EE5607FFF84263CFAA61B64FCB2FE70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387B2FF842627FED51F21FBDEFD49:8EE5607FFF84263CFAA61B64FCB2FE70" country="Australia" county="King Island" latitude="-32.07222" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="132.99" municipality="King Island" name="Blue Lagoon" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Tasmania">Blue Lagoon</location>
at 
<location id="8EE5607FFF84263CFC871B82FBECFE71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387B2FF842627FED51F21FBDEFD49:8EE5607FFF84263CFC871B82FBECFE71" box="[892,1024,400,424]" country="Australia" county="King Island" latitude="-32.07222" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="132.99" municipality="King Island" name="Cactus Beach" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Tasmania">Cactus Beach</location>
via 
<location id="8EE5607FFF84263CFBD31B83FB98FE70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387B2FF842627FED51F21FBDEFD49:8EE5607FFF84263CFBD31B83FB98FE70" box="[1064,1140,401,425]" country="Australia" county="King Island" latitude="-32.07222" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="132.99" municipality="King Island" name="Penong" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Tasmania">Penong</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E5063FF84263CFB861B82FB1CFE71" box="[1149,1264,400,424]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-32.07222">32°04’20”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E5063FF84263CFB011B82FA90FE71" box="[1274,1404,400,424]" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" precision="15" seconds="24" value="132.99">132°59’24”E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="26CF5372FF84263CFCD71BB9FC29FE1A" box="[812,965,427,451]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Brian V.Timms</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FF841064FF84263CFC351BB9FBD4FE1A" box="[974,1080,427,451]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" value="2006-10-10">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E98CFF84263CFC351BB9FBD4FE1A" box="[974,1080,427,451]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" value="2006-10-10">10.X.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, by hand, 
<determinerName id="7E59DA60FF84263CFB621BB9FB01FE1B" box="[1177,1261,427,451]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">G. Poore</determinerName>
det. 2006 (ex 
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE61FF84263CFA881BB9FA43FE1B" box="[1395,1455,427,450]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB9C9EDFFF84263CFCD01BD7FC66FE04" box="[811,906,453,477]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="Museum">
<accessionNumber id="9469AB47FF84263CFCD01BD7FC96FE04" box="[811,890,453,477]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J55301" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="EnaNcbi">J55301</accessionNumber>
-1
</specimenCode>
, as exchange), MNHN-IU-2013
</materialsCitation>
- 
<materialsCitation id="3B523CF9FF84263CFB231BD7FC6FFDF4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3001054303" collectionCode="MNHN-" country="Australia" location="Australian Mus." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="South Australia" typeStatus="neotype">
14993; 1 ovigerous 
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD2DFF84263CFA671BDBFA41FE39" box="[1436,1453,457,480]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
27.0 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFCA51BF2FC80FE2E" box="[862,876,480,503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">×</emphasis>
34.0 mm, 
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FF84263CFC261BF2FB97FE21" box="[989,1147,480,504]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">South Australia</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EE5607FFF84263CFB731BF2FAC0FE2E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387B2FF842627FED51F21FBDEFD49:8EE5607FFF84263CFB731BF2FAC0FE2E" box="[1160,1324,480,504]" country="Australia" name="Australian Mus." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="South Australia">Australian Mus.</location>
, entry 1912, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFCD51BE9FB27FDCB" authority="Edw., Bouvier" authorityName="Edw., Bouvier" box="[814,1227,506,530]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Heterograpsus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFCD51BE9FBDFFDCB" box="[814,1075,506,530]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Heterograpsus octodentatus</emphasis>
Edw., Bouvier
</taxonomicName>
typ. comp., 
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE61FF84263CFAA91BE9FA5CFDCB" box="[1362,1456,507,530]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">MNHN-</collectionCode>
IU-2013
</materialsCitation>
-14992 (= MNHN-B12530).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652FFF84263CFCD6183DFBF4FD68" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263CFCD6183DFBF4FD68" blockId="11.[811,1457,215,689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFCD6183DFB04FD9E" authority="Montgomery, 1931" authorityName="Montgomery" authorityYear="1931" box="[813,1256,559,583]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="webhaysi">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFCD6183DFBFBFD9E" box="[813,1047,559,583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Leptograpsodes webhaysi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFBDB183DFB04FD9E" author="MONTGOMERY S. K." box="[1056,1256,559,583]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="405 - 465" refId="ref57917" refString="MONTGOMERY S. K. 1931. - Report on the Crustacea Brachyura of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Abrolhos Islands under the leadership of Professor W. J. Dakin, D. Sc., F. L. S., in 1913; along with other crabs from Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 37 (253): 405 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1931. tb 00470. x" type="journal article" year="1931">Montgomery, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<typeStatus id="54818806FF84263CFB0F183DFAAFFD9E" box="[1268,1347,559,583]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, ovigerous 
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD2DFF84263CFCD5185CFCD3FDBC" box="[814,831,590,613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
27.0 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFC8C1858FC69FDB8" box="[887,901,586,609]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">×</emphasis>
34.0 mm, Abrolhos, 
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FF84263CFBA21858FAE6FDB8" box="[1113,1290,585,609]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
, WAM C71736, with several pereipods detached or partially missing; 
<typeStatus id="54818806FF84263CFAB11876FA7AFDA5" box="[1354,1430,612,636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD2DFF84263CFA64187AFA5DFDA6" box="[1439,1457,616,639]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
16.0 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFCA7186DFC86FD4F" box="[860,874,639,662]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">×</emphasis>
20.0 mm, Long Island, Abrolhos, WAM C71737, with several pereiopods missing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652FFF84263CFCD618DBFADFFD39" box="[813,1331,712,736]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263CFCD618DBFADFFD39" blockId="11.[813,1331,712,736]" box="[813,1331,712,736]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
<typeStatus id="54818806FF84263CFCD618DBFCB1FD07" box="[813,861,713,736]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">TYPE</typeStatus>
LOCALITY. — 
<materialsCitation id="3B523CF9FF84263CFC1418DAFAC2FD39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3001054301" box="[1007,1326,712,736]" country="Australia" location="King Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FF84263CFC1418DAFBA4FD39" box="[1007,1096,712,736]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FF84263CFBAB18DAFB43FD39" box="[1104,1199,712,736]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EE5607FFF84263CFB4118DAFAC2FD39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387B2FF842627FED51F21FBDEFD49:8EE5607FFF84263CFB4118DAFAC2FD39" box="[1210,1326,712,736]" country="Australia" name="King Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" stateProvince="Tasmania">King Island</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652FFF84263AFCD61904FB73FC89" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263CFCD61904FC51FCF7" blockId="11.[813,995,790,848]" box="[813,957,790,816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263CFCD61927FC0FFC89" blockId="11.[813,995,790,848]" box="[813,995,821,848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">As for the genus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263CFCD61964FBD3FC54" blockId="11.[810,1458,886,1836]" box="[813,1087,886,912]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
SELECTION OF A 
<typeStatus id="54818806FF84263CFC1A1968FBD3FC54" box="[993,1087,890,909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="neotype">NEOTYPE</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263CFCD61987FA4AFA97" blockId="11.[810,1458,886,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
The type material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFC011987FC4CFC16" authority="H. Milne Edwards (1837: 80)" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityPageNumber="80" authorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFC011987FB03FC76" box="[1018,1263,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Cyclograpsus octodentatus</emphasis>
H. Milne Edwards (1837: 80)
</taxonomicName>
, described without any indication of sex and size, from the King Island in the Bass Strait, between southeast 
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FF84263CFCD519E6FC61FBD7" box="[814,909,1012,1038]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Australia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FF84263CFC3A19E6FBCBFBD7" box="[961,1063,1012,1038]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
(curiously, the species is indicated as from unknown locality by H. Milne Edwards himself [1853: 160] then by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFC3F1E26FB5EFB96" author="KINGSLEY J. S." box="[964,1202,1076,1103]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="187 - 224" refId="ref56034" refString="KINGSLEY J. S. 1880. - Carcinological notes. IV. Synopsis of the Grapsidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 32: 187 - 224. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 5511079" type="journal article" year="1880">Kingsley [1880: 209]</bibRefCitation>
), could not be tracked at the MNHN. It was still deposited in the MNHN collection around 1930 since it was examined by Charles Gravier for comparison with 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFBEB1E86FAFDFB77" box="[1040,1297,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFBEB1E86FAE1FB77" authorityName="Montgomery" authorityYear="1931" box="[1040,1293,1172,1198]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="webhaysi">Leptograpsodes webhaysi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFAEC1E86FC8DFB16" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="323 - 347" refId="ref52915" refString="GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1969. - Notes on the taxonomy and zoogeography of the Tasmanian grapsid and ocypodid crabs (Crustacea, Brachyura). Records of the Australian Museum 27: 323 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.27.1969.452" type="journal article" year="1969">Griffin (1969: 325)</bibRefCitation>
indicated it could be deposited in the MNHN and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFCD41EC6FC16FB37" author="DAVIE P. J. F." box="[815,1018,1236,1262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" refId="ref50907" refString="DAVIE P. J. F. 2002. - Crustacea: Malacostraca. Eucarida (Part 2). Decapoda Anomura, Brachyura, in WELLS A. &amp; HOUSTON W. W. K. (eds), Zological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3 B. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, xiv + 641 p." type="book" year="2002">Davie (2002: 217)</bibRefCitation>
wrote “type status unknown MNHP*”, thus a probable MNHN depository. But, despite an extensive investigation, it must be today assessed as lost, and therefore the fixation of a 
<typeStatus id="54818806FF84263CFC251F26FBD8FA97" box="[990,1076,1332,1358]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is made here (ICZN, art. 72.4.5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263CFCB81F41FBA5F8F5" blockId="11.[810,1458,886,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
An ovigerous female 28.0 ×35.0 mm, in very good condition, labelled “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFC0A1F66FAB2FA54" authority="Edw." authorityName="Edw." box="[1009,1374,1395,1421]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Heterograpsus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFC0A1F66FAF4FA54" box="[1009,1304,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Heterograpsus octodentatus</emphasis>
Edw.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FF84263CFA971F61FC60FA74" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">South Australia</collectingRegion>
, Australian Mus.1912, Bouvier typ.comp.”, MNHN- IU-2013-14992 (= MNHN-B12530), was compared to the type of 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFC7F1FC1FB46FA34" box="[900,1194,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFC7F1FC1FB7CFA34" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[900,1168,1491,1517]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">Cyclograpsus octodentatus</taxonomicName>
c.
</emphasis>
1930 by E.-L. Bouvier (director of the chair of Entomology in the MNHN from 1917 to 1931), who has perhaps helped Gravier to list the differences from 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFC391C20FB56F995" authorityName="Montgomery" authorityYear="1931" box="[962,1210,1586,1612]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="webhaysi">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFC391C20FB56F995" box="[962,1210,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Leptograpsodes webhaysi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
asked by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFADB1C21FC5CF9B4" author="MONTGOMERY S. K." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="405 - 465" refId="ref57917" refString="MONTGOMERY S. K. 1931. - Report on the Crustacea Brachyura of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Abrolhos Islands under the leadership of Professor W. J. Dakin, D. Sc., F. L. S., in 1913; along with other crabs from Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 37 (253): 405 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1931. tb 00470. x" type="journal article" year="1931">Montgomery (1931: 453)</bibRefCitation>
. Although this female could be eligible to be the name-bearing type of the species, it was preferable to choose a male, originating from the type locality. Consequently, a male 17.3× 
<quantity id="4CC29B41FF84263CFC551CA0FBFFF914" box="[942,1043,1714,1741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="20.6">20.6 mm</quantity>
from King Island (TMAG G1033) is selected here as 
<typeStatus id="54818806FF84263CFC341CC0FBCFF935" box="[975,1059,1746,1772]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF84263CFBBA1CC1FB34F935" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[1089,1240,1746,1772]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF84263CFBBA1CC1FB34F935" box="[1089,1240,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">L. octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13012A21FF84263CFB1E1CC0FACDF935" box="[1253,1313,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[299,1307,215,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[299,1307,214,1923]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 2. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837): A-D, neotype, ♂ 17.3× 20.6 mm, Australia, Tasmania, King Island, TMAG G1033: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, with suborbital ridge as pars stridens; D, close-up view of plectrum as whitish ridge on P1 merus (see arrow); E, syntype of L. webhaysi Montgomery, 1931, ovigerous ♀ 27.0 ×34.0 mm, Abrolhos, WAM C71736. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336868/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-D): despite its small size, it has fully developed gonopods and fulfils all the specific characteristics.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263CFCD61D41FC66F8B3" blockId="11.[811,1455,1875,2028]" box="[813,906,1875,1901]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">COLOUR</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF84263AFCD61D63FED1FE28" blockId="11.[811,1455,1875,2028]" lastBlockId="13.[130,776,215,497]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="11" pageNumber="556">
Carapace olivaceous, mottled or spotted with dark brown (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFA861D63FC9CF872" author="HALE H. M." pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="1 - 202" refId="ref53766" refString="HALE H. M. 1927 a. - The crustaceans of South Australia. Part 1, in Handbooks of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Govt. Printer, Adelaide: 1 - 201, figs 1 - 202." type="book chapter" year="1927">Hale 1927a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 183; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFC231D83FB7BF872" author="TWEEDIE M. W. F." box="[984,1175,1937,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="13 - 26" refId="ref64320" refString="TWEEDIE M. W. F. 1942. - The grapsid and ocypodid crabs of Tasmania. Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania [1941]: 13 - 26." type="journal article" year="1942">Tweedie 1942: 18</bibRefCitation>
); mottled with black, dark blue or purple and yellow (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF84263CFBAC1DA3FAF9F812" author="GEORGE R. W." box="[1111,1301,1969,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="556" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref52682" refString="GEORGE R. W. 1962. - The burrowing shore crab of southern Australia. Australia Natural History 14 (3): 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">George 1962: 72</bibRefCitation>
, unnumbered fig.). Underside of the body, chelipeds and legs usually much paler than carapace, with the mottling on the dorsal surface of the chelipeds and legs sometimes bright red (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFD8A1AE5FD1AFEC8" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." box="[625,758,247,273]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="323 - 347" refId="ref52915" refString="GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1969. - Notes on the taxonomy and zoogeography of the Tasmanian grapsid and ocypodid crabs (Crustacea, Brachyura). Records of the Australian Museum 27: 323 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.27.1969.452" type="journal article" year="1969">Griffin 1969</bibRefCitation>
). In ethanol, carapace dirty yellow mottled with red in patches, and discontinuous rings of a similar dull red on merus, carpus, and propodus of the legs (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFE5F1B45FD5DFEAB" author="MONTGOMERY S. K." box="[420,689,343,370]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="405 - 465" refId="ref57917" refString="MONTGOMERY S. K. 1931. - Report on the Crustacea Brachyura of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Abrolhos Islands under the leadership of Professor W. J. Dakin, D. Sc., F. L. S., in 1913; along with other crabs from Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 37 (253): 405 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1931. tb 00470. x" type="journal article" year="1931">Montgomery 1931: 454</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 25, fig. 5, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFF1B1B65FE3FFE48" authorityName="Montgomery" authorityYear="1931" box="[224,467,375,401]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="webhaysi">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFF1B1B65FE3FFE48" box="[224,467,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Leptograpsodes webhaysi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see 
<figureCitation id="13012A21FF82263AFDF41B65FDB2FE48" box="[527,606,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[299,1307,215,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[299,1307,214,1923]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 2. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837): A-D, neotype, ♂ 17.3× 20.6 mm, Australia, Tasmania, King Island, TMAG G1033: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, with suborbital ridge as pars stridens; D, close-up view of plectrum as whitish ridge on P1 merus (see arrow); E, syntype of L. webhaysi Montgomery, 1931, ovigerous ♀ 27.0 ×34.0 mm, Abrolhos, WAM C71736. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336868/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Carapace dark brown to purple, with extensive yellow mottling; chelipeds bright red on upper surfaces (
<figureCitation id="13012A21FF82263AFE411BA4FDCBFE08" box="[442,551,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[181,1412,218,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-36@12.[709,1243,724,1233]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 1. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), ♂ 51.8 ×68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV J55301-1): A, carapace, dorsal surface; B, chelipeds; C, thoracic sternum with pleon (setal tufts visible); D, thoracic sternum without pleon; E, genital area with male gonopore and penis; F, G1, two views; G, front, orbit, antenna (with articles 1-4 and flagellum) and suborbital ridge as pars stridens. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336862/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFDC61BA5FD5BFE08" author="POORE G. C. B." box="[573,695,439,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" refId="ref60637" refString="POORE G. C. B. 2004. - Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia. A Guide to Identification with Chapter on Stomatopoda by Shane Ahyong. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 574 p." type="book" year="2004">Poore 2004</bibRefCitation>
: colour fig. pl. 29, fig. f).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF45662CFF83263BFF7F1DB8FB2FF833" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336862" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4336862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336862/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" startId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" targetBox="[181,1412,218,1909]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF83263BFF7F1DB8FB2FF833" blockId="12.[132,1462,1962,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">
FIG. 1. — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF83263BFF2E1DB8FD47F865" authority="(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[213,683,1962,1980]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF83263BFF2E1DB8FE3CF865" box="[213,464,1962,1980]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
, ♂ 51.8 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF83263BFD151DB8FD15F865" box="[750,761,1962,1980]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">×</emphasis>
68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV 
<accessionNumber id="9469AB47FF83263BFB101DB8FADDF865" box="[1259,1329,1962,1980]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J55301" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" type="EnaNcbi">J55301</accessionNumber>
-1): 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF83263BFAB11DB8FABBF865" bold="true" box="[1354,1367,1962,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">A</emphasis>
, carapace, dorsal surface; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF83263BFEFF1DD3FEFDF80A" bold="true" box="[260,273,1985,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">B</emphasis>
, chelipeds; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF83263BFE8E1DD3FE6FF80A" bold="true" box="[373,387,1985,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">C</emphasis>
, thoracic sternum with pleon (setal tufts visible); 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF83263BFCEC1DD3FCC9F80A" bold="true" box="[791,805,1985,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">D</emphasis>
, thoracic sternum without pleon; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF83263BFBC11DD3FBAAF80A" bold="true" box="[1082,1094,1985,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
, genital area with male gonopore and penis; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF83263BFF7F1DCAFF63F833" bold="true" box="[132,143,2008,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">F</emphasis>
, G1, two views; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF83263BFEE11DC5FEC4F830" bold="true" box="[282,296,2007,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">G</emphasis>
, front, orbit, antenna (with articles 1-4 and flagellum) and suborbital ridge as pars stridens. Scale bars: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF82263AFF7F1805FE3AFDF6" blockId="13.[130,777,535,1836]" box="[132,470,535,561]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">VARIATIONS WITH SEX AND AGE</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF82263AFF7F1824FEE0FAF4" blockId="13.[130,777,535,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">
There is a large difference in size among the specimens we examined. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFE621844FDD0FDA9" author="GEORGE R. W." box="[409,572,598,624]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref52682" refString="GEORGE R. W. 1962. - The burrowing shore crab of southern Australia. Australia Natural History 14 (3): 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">George (1962)</bibRefCitation>
sexual maturity is reached at a carapace breadth of about 25.0 mm, and large adult males may reach a size of 76.0 mm; a size of more than 70.0 mm is cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFE9118A7FDF8FD09" author="TWEEDIE M. W. F." box="[362,532,693,720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="13 - 26" refId="ref64320" refString="TWEEDIE M. W. F. 1942. - The grapsid and ocypodid crabs of Tasmania. Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania [1941]: 13 - 26." type="journal article" year="1942">Tweedie (1942)</bibRefCitation>
and by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFD8B18A4FCEEFD09" author="POORE G. C. B." box="[624,770,694,720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" refId="ref60637" refString="POORE G. C. B. 2004. - Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia. A Guide to Identification with Chapter on Stomatopoda by Shane Ahyong. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 574 p." type="book" year="2004">Poore (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. Large-sized adult males (
<figureCitation id="13012A21FF82263AFE6F18C7FDE4FD29" box="[404,520,725,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[181,1412,218,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-36@12.[709,1243,724,1233]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 1. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), ♂ 51.8 ×68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV J55301-1): A, carapace, dorsal surface; B, chelipeds; C, thoracic sternum with pleon (setal tufts visible); D, thoracic sternum without pleon; E, genital area with male gonopore and penis; F, G1, two views; G, front, orbit, antenna (with articles 1-4 and flagellum) and suborbital ridge as pars stridens. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336862/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
) develop huge, heterochelous and heterodontous chelae, with curved and irregularly toothed fingers, whereas smaller adult males (
<figureCitation id="13012A21FF82263AFD991907FD23FCE9" box="[610,719,789,816]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[299,1307,215,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[299,1307,214,1923]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 2. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837): A-D, neotype, ♂ 17.3× 20.6 mm, Australia, Tasmania, King Island, TMAG G1033: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, with suborbital ridge as pars stridens; D, close-up view of plectrum as whitish ridge on P1 merus (see arrow); E, syntype of L. webhaysi Montgomery, 1931, ovigerous ♀ 27.0 ×34.0 mm, Abrolhos, WAM C71736. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336868/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
) and females have more reduced, homochelous and homodontous chelipeds, with straight, regularly toothed fingers. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFD4D1947FF21FC56" author="GEORGE R. W." pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref52682" refString="GEORGE R. W. 1962. - The burrowing shore crab of southern Australia. Australia Natural History 14 (3): 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">George (1962)</bibRefCitation>
, who examined a total of 
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD2DFF82263AFE361967FDBAFC56" box="[461,598,885,911]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" type="generic">84 specimens</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFD8F1964FCEBFC56" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[628,775,885,911]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFD8F1964FCEBFC56" box="[628,775,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">L. octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD2DFF82263AFF771987FF03FC76" box="[140,239,917,944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" type="male">50 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD2DFF82263AFF001987FE9DFC76" box="[251,369,917,943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" type="female">34 females</specimenCount>
, carapace width 
<quantity id="4CC29B41FF82263AFDD81987FD74FC76" box="[547,664,917,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="10.0">10-70 mm</quantity>
) throughout its geographical range, concluded that the ridges around the orbits, the prominence of the pits on the dorsal surface of the carapace, the dentition and shape of the fingers, and ornamentation of the carpus of the cheliped were subject to significant variation with either age or sex, sometimes both. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFEE21E46FE59FBB6" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." box="[281,437,1108,1135]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="323 - 347" refId="ref52915" refString="GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1969. - Notes on the taxonomy and zoogeography of the Tasmanian grapsid and ocypodid crabs (Crustacea, Brachyura). Records of the Australian Museum 27: 323 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.27.1969.452" type="journal article" year="1969">Griffin (1969)</bibRefCitation>
examination of the Tasmanian material at hand fully supported George’s conclusion. Thus, since the characters listed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFE3B1E86FD4DFB77" author="MONTGOMERY S. K." box="[448,673,1172,1198]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="405 - 465" refId="ref57917" refString="MONTGOMERY S. K. 1931. - Report on the Crustacea Brachyura of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Abrolhos Islands under the leadership of Professor W. J. Dakin, D. Sc., F. L. S., in 1913; along with other crabs from Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 37 (253): 405 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1931. tb 00470. x" type="journal article" year="1931">Montgomery (1931)</bibRefCitation>
as differential characters with respect to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFE271EA6FD0DFB17" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[476,737,1204,1230]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFE271EA6FD0DFB17" box="[476,737,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Cyclograpsus octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are precisely those that are subject to significant variation, they did not support taxonomic separation of eastern and western populations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF82263AFF601F21FDC1F935" blockId="13.[130,777,535,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">
Although we have not examined a broad sampling panel of specimens, we agree with the preceding authors and share the assertion of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFEFD1F61FE4AFA57" author="GEORGE R. W." box="[262,422,1395,1422]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref52682" refString="GEORGE R. W. 1962. - The burrowing shore crab of southern Australia. Australia Natural History 14 (3): 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">George (1962)</bibRefCitation>
that the ridges on the branchial regions become less prominent with increasing overall size. In old cave-dwelling males, the clothing of anterior thoracic sternum and pterygostomial areas has exceedingly dense geniculate setae, resembling brown fur. The genital region is similarly organised in the small male 
<typeStatus id="54818806FF82263AFDFD1C01FDB7F9F4" box="[518,603,1555,1581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
17.3× 
<quantity id="4CC29B41FF82263AFD5E1C00FCEBF9F4" box="[677,775,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="20.6">20.6 mm</quantity>
and in the large male 51.8 × 
<quantity id="4CC29B41FF82263AFE3B1C20FDCAF994" box="[448,550,1586,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.83" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="68.3">68.3 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13012A21FF82263AFDCC1C20FD61F994" box="[567,653,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[181,1412,218,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-36@12.[709,1243,724,1233]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 1. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), ♂ 51.8 ×68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV J55301-1): A, carapace, dorsal surface; B, chelipeds; C, thoracic sternum with pleon (setal tufts visible); D, thoracic sternum without pleon; E, genital area with male gonopore and penis; F, G1, two views; G, front, orbit, antenna (with articles 1-4 and flagellum) and suborbital ridge as pars stridens. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336862/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="13012A21FF82263AFD601C21FD4BF994" box="[667,679,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1896,1914]" captionTargetBox="[289,1368,217,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[169,1432,150,1937]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 3. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), ♂ 51.8 ×68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV J55301-1): A, thoracic sternum (note sternite 8 not developed medially, only exposed laterally); B, genital area with male gonopore and penis; C, posterior part of thoracic sternum with pleon; D, front and orbit. Abbreviations: b, bridge; b.p., press-button; c, coxo-sternal condyle; cx1-5, P1-P5 coxae; e.p., exposed proximal portion of penis; e.t., extraorbital tooth; e4-e7, episternites 4-7; i.b., suborbital border; i.s., incomplete sulcus; i.t., suborbital tooth; m.l., median line; mxp3; third maxilliped; P1, P2, P3, pleonal somites 1-3; p, penis; p.e., posterior emargination; p.p., proximal portion of penis; p.r., pleonal rim; s.c., stridulating crest; s.p., sterno-pleonal cavity; 1-8, thoracic sternites 1-8; 1/2-7/8, thoracic sternal sutures 1/2-7/8. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336872/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">3</figureCitation>
A-C): in both the cylindrical portion of penis (differently coloured) and a small proximal part of sternite 8 are exposed over a short distance when the pleon is closed, whereas these portions are covered and not visible at smallest size, for example in the male measuring 12.8 × 
<quantity id="4CC29B41FF82263AFE3A1CC0FDC5F935" box="[449,553,1746,1773]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="15.4">15.4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF82263AFF601CE0FDB0F8F5" blockId="13.[130,777,535,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">
For the age-related variations of the stridulatory apparatus, see below 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFF0A1D00FDB0F8F5" box="[241,604,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Stridulatory structures in grapsoids.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF82263AFF7F1D41FD8BF8B3" blockId="13.[130,777,1875,2028]" box="[132,615,1875,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF82263AFF7F1D63FCE5F832" blockId="13.[130,777,1875,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFF7F1D63FE75F852" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[132,409,1905,1931]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFF7F1D63FE75F852" box="[132,409,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to southern and southwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FF82263AFF231D83FED8F872" box="[216,308,1937,1963]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Australia</collectingCountry>
as far north as the Abrolhos Islands, and quite widely distributed around 
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FF82263AFE581DA3FDE1F812" box="[419,525,1969,1995]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
. It is a large supratidal crab, on rocky parts, found in rock-crevices; it burrows on the
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF82263AFCD01AC5FB73FC89" blockId="13.[811,1457,215,848]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">
beach, sometimes far from the sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFB5D1AC5FAC8FF28" author="HALE H. M." box="[1190,1316,215,241]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 202" refId="ref53766" refString="HALE H. M. 1927 a. - The crustaceans of South Australia. Part 1, in Handbooks of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Govt. Printer, Adelaide: 1 - 201, figs 1 - 202." type="book chapter" year="1927">Hale 1927a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 184). It may be found under debris and stones on estuarine areas, in brackish waters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFC1A1B05FBB3FEE8" author="HALE H. M." box="[993,1119,279,305]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 202" refId="ref53766" refString="HALE H. M. 1927 a. - The crustaceans of South Australia. Part 1, in Handbooks of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Govt. Printer, Adelaide: 1 - 201, figs 1 - 202." type="book chapter" year="1927">Hale 1927a</bibRefCitation>
), even near freshwater streams; adults were never found immersed in the sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFB001B25FA47FE88" author="GEORGE R. W." box="[1275,1451,311,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref52682" refString="GEORGE R. W. 1962. - The burrowing shore crab of southern Australia. Australia Natural History 14 (3): 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">George 1962: 72</bibRefCitation>
, fig. p. 74), or only rarely entering the sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFB0B1B45FA81FEA8" author="HALE H. M." box="[1264,1389,343,369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 202" refId="ref53766" refString="HALE H. M. 1927 a. - The crustaceans of South Australia. Part 1, in Handbooks of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Govt. Printer, Adelaide: 1 - 201, figs 1 - 202." type="book chapter" year="1927">Hale 1927a</bibRefCitation>
). The crab is highly resistant to desiccation; old males live singly in burrow. From field observations on the coasts of 
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FF82263AFAE61B84FA6DFE69" box="[1309,1409,406,432]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
and laboratory experiments (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFBCB1BA4FB54FE08" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." box="[1072,1208,438,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="597 - 621" refId="ref52969" refString="GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1971. - The ecological distribution of grapsid and ocypodid shore crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) inTasmania. Journal of Animal Ecology 40 (3): 597 - 621. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3440" type="journal article" year="1971">Griffin 1971</bibRefCitation>
: figs 1-3, 5, tables 2, 3, 5-12), 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFC891BC5FBE4FE29" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[882,1032,470,496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFC891BC5FBE4FE29" box="[882,1032,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">L. octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to occur on cliffs and platforms at some localities but more often on fully to semi-exposed boulder; to be also found at some localities on the north of 
<collectingRegion id="49FEF846FF82263AFCD61824FC7FFD89" box="[813,915,566,592]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
at the tops of cliffs burrowing in the earth; to show a tendency to move out of freshwater and remain out of water, being found at all areas located in freshwater seepages, always at a higher level than the ‘high tide’ level of the sea or saltlake (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFC5218A4FBDAFD16" author="GEORGE R. W." box="[937,1078,693,720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref52682" refString="GEORGE R. W. 1962. - The burrowing shore crab of southern Australia. Australia Natural History 14 (3): 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">George 1962</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFBB718A7FA84FD16" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1100,1384,693,719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFBB718A7FA84FD16" box="[1100,1384,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a high degree of terrestrial adaptation: it gets water through tufts of hydrophilic setae located on pouches of P2-P4 coxae, to a lesser extent between P1/P2 coxae (
<figureCitation id="13012A21FF82263AFB2F1907FAA2FCE9" box="[1236,1358,789,816]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[181,1412,218,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-36@12.[709,1243,724,1233]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 1. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), ♂ 51.8 ×68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV J55301-1): A, carapace, dorsal surface; B, chelipeds; C, thoracic sternum with pleon (setal tufts visible); D, thoracic sternum without pleon; E, genital area with male gonopore and penis; F, G1, two views; G, front, orbit, antenna (with articles 1-4 and flagellum) and suborbital ridge as pars stridens. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336862/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Figs 1C, D</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="13012A21FF82263AFAA21907FA95FCF6" box="[1369,1401,789,815]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[299,1307,215,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[299,1307,214,1923]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 2. — Leptograpsodes octodentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837): A-D, neotype, ♂ 17.3× 20.6 mm, Australia, Tasmania, King Island, TMAG G1033: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view, with suborbital ridge as pars stridens; D, close-up view of plectrum as whitish ridge on P1 merus (see arrow); E, syntype of L. webhaysi Montgomery, 1931, ovigerous ♀ 27.0 ×34.0 mm, Abrolhos, WAM C71736. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336868/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">2B</figureCitation>
) (see 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFCD61927FB63FC96" box="[813,1167,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Terrestrial adaptations of grapsoids</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652FFF822627FCD61967FD25FC16" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="561" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF82263AFCD61967FC7DFC54" blockId="13.[811,1457,885,2028]" box="[813,913,885,911]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF82263AFCD61987FBA6FA14" blockId="13.[811,1457,885,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">
The status of the monotypic genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFB491987FAA4FC76" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1202,1352,917,943]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFB491987FAA4FC76" box="[1202,1352,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been controversial. On the basis of its morphology, it has been alternatively regarded as a member of several distinct families or subfamilies: 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFC3619E6FBD4FBD7" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[973,1080,1012,1038]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Grapsidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFBBD19E7FAFDFBD6" author="MONTGOMERY S. K." box="[1094,1297,1013,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="405 - 465" refId="ref57917" refString="MONTGOMERY S. K. 1931. - Report on the Crustacea Brachyura of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Abrolhos Islands under the leadership of Professor W. J. Dakin, D. Sc., F. L. S., in 1913; along with other crabs from Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 37 (253): 405 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1931. tb 00470. x" type="journal article" year="1931">Montgomery 1931</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFAE619E6FA63FBD6" author="BALSS H." box="[1309,1423,1012,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="113 - 151" refId="ref48119" refString="BALSS H. 1935. - Brachyura of the Hamburg Museum expedItion to south-western Australia, 1905. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 21: 113 - 151. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 43753402" type="journal article" year="1935">Balss 1935</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFCD01E06FBDCFBF7" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[811,1072,1044,1070]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Brachynotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFCD01E06FBDCFBF7" box="[811,1072,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Brachynotus octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFBC51E06FB27FBF7" author="GEORGE R. W." box="[1086,1227,1044,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref52682" refString="GEORGE R. W. 1962. - The burrowing shore crab of southern Australia. Australia Natural History 14 (3): 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">George 1962</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFB221E06FA8EFBF7" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." box="[1241,1378,1044,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="323 - 347" refId="ref52915" refString="GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1969. - Notes on the taxonomy and zoogeography of the Tasmanian grapsid and ocypodid crabs (Crustacea, Brachyura). Records of the Australian Museum 27: 323 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.27.1969.452" type="journal article" year="1969">Griffin 1969</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFA8B1E06FA44FBF7" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." box="[1392,1448,1044,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="597 - 621" refId="ref52969" refString="GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1971. - The ecological distribution of grapsid and ocypodid shore crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) inTasmania. Journal of Animal Ecology 40 (3): 597 - 621. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3440" type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFCD61E26FBD8FB97" author="CUESTA J. A. &amp; SCHUBART C. D." box="[813,1076,1076,1102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="163 - 176" refId="ref50151" refString="CUESTA J. A. &amp; SCHUBART C. D. 1999. - First zoeal stages of Geograpsus lividus and Goniopsis cruentata from Panama confirm consistent larval characters within the subfamily Grapsinae (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae). Ophelia 51 (3): 163 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1999.10409406" type="journal article" year="1999">Cuesta &amp; Schubart 1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFBC41E26FB57FB97" author="DAVIE P. J. F." box="[1087,1211,1076,1102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" refId="ref50907" refString="DAVIE P. J. F. 2002. - Crustacea: Malacostraca. Eucarida (Part 2). Decapoda Anomura, Brachyura, in WELLS A. &amp; HOUSTON W. W. K. (eds), Zological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3 B. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, xiv + 641 p." type="book" year="2002">Davie 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFB3C1E27FAADFB97" author="POORE G. C. B." box="[1223,1345,1076,1103]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" refId="ref60637" refString="POORE G. C. B. 2004. - Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia. A Guide to Identification with Chapter on Stomatopoda by Shane Ahyong. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 574 p." type="book" year="2004">Poore 2004</bibRefCitation>
; N. K. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFA761E27FC7EFBB7" author="NG N. K." pageId="13" pageNumber="558" refId="ref58383" refString="NG N. K. 2006. - The systematics of the crabs of the family Varunidae (Brachyura, Decapoda). Unpublished thesis, National University of Singapore, 914 p." type="book" year="2006">Ng 2006: 39</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFC5B1E47FBD3FBB7" author="NG P. K. L. &amp; GUINOT D. &amp; DAVIE P. J. F." box="[928,1087,1108,1135]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref59707" refString="NG P. K. L., GUINOT D. &amp; DAVIE P. J. F. 2008. - Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 17: 1 - 286. [updates at http: // rmbr. nus. edu. sg / research / cotw / supplement 17. php]" type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFC311E47FC13FBB7" box="[970,1023,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFBB41E46FAC4FBB7" author="PINHEIRO M. A. A. &amp; SANTANA W. &amp; BEZERRA L. E. A. &amp; KRIEGLER N. &amp; RIO J. P. P." box="[1103,1320,1108,1134]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="182 - 191" refId="ref60481" refString="PINHEIRO M. A. A., SANTANA W., BEZERRA L. E. A., KRIEGLER N. &amp; RIO J. P. P. 2016. - Avaliacao dos Caranguejos Grapsideos (Decapoda: Grapsidae). Cap. 14: 182 - 191, in PINHEIRO M. A. A. &amp; BOOS H. (org.), Livro Vermelho dos Crustaceos do Brasil: Avaliacao 2010 - 2014. Porto Alegre (RS): Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia. SBC, 466 p." type="book chapter" year="2016">
Pinheiro 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFB4F1E47FB05FBB7" box="[1204,1257,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFABB1E46FA43FBB7" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1344,1455,1108,1134]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFCB61E66FBF7FB57" author="TWEEDIE M. W. F." box="[845,1051,1140,1167]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="13 - 26" refId="ref64320" refString="TWEEDIE M. W. F. 1942. - The grapsid and ocypodid crabs of Tasmania. Papers and proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania [1941]: 13 - 26." type="journal article" year="1942">Tweedie (1942: 16</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFBBF1E66FAA4FB57" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1092,1352,1140,1166]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Brachynotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFBBF1E66FAA4FB57" box="[1092,1352,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Brachynotus octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), who simultaneously assigned 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFBDB1E86FB74FB77" box="[1056,1176,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Cyclograpsu</emphasis>
s H. Milne Edwards, 1837 to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFCBC1EA6FC2FFB17" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[839,963,1204,1230]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarminae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarminae</taxonomicName>
, such as 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFBDB1EA6FA93FB17" author="CAMPBELL B. M. &amp; GRIFFIN D. L. G." box="[1056,1407,1204,1230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="127 - 174" refId="ref49235" refString="CAMPBELL B. M. &amp; GRIFFIN D. L. G. 1966. - The Australian Sesarminae (Crustacea: Brachyura): genera Helice, Helograpsus nov., Cyclograpsus, and Paragrapsus. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 14 (5): 127 - 174. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 48743064" type="journal article" year="1966">Campbell &amp; Griffin (1966: 139)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFCD61EC6FC38FB37" author="HASWELL W. A." box="[813,980,1236,1262]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" refId="ref54582" refString="HASWELL W. A. 1882. - Catalogue of the Australian stalk- and sessile-eyed Crustacea. Australian Museum, Sydney, xxiv + 326 p., 4 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1948" type="book" year="1882">Haswell (1882)</bibRefCitation>
. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFB951EC6FAD0FB37" author="BENNETT E. W." box="[1134,1340,1236,1262]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref48624" refString="BENNETT E. W. 1964. - The marine fauna of New Zealand: Crustacea Brachyura. Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 153 (22): 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1964">Bennett (1964: 81)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFABA1EC6FCB2FAD4" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFABA1EC6FCB2FAD4" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFBC81EE1FA8AFAD7" authority="De Haan, 1833" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[1075,1382,1267,1294]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Brachynotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFBC81EE1FB5CFAD4" box="[1075,1200,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Brachynotus</emphasis>
De Haan, 
<quantity id="4CC29B41FF82263AFAD51EE6FA8AFAD7" box="[1326,1382,1268,1294]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65582" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" unit="in" value="1833.0">1833</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFCD51F01FC72FAF4" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[814,926,1299,1325]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
, whereas 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFC041F01FB27FAF7" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." box="[1023,1227,1299,1326]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="323 - 347" refId="ref52915" refString="GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1969. - Notes on the taxonomy and zoogeography of the Tasmanian grapsid and ocypodid crabs (Crustacea, Brachyura). Records of the Australian Museum 27: 323 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.27.1969.452" type="journal article" year="1969">Griffin (1969: 327)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out its strong similarities to the Australian varunines, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFAE91F21FC8CFAB4" author="GRIFFIN D. J. G." pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="597 - 621" refId="ref52969" refString="GRIFFIN D. J. G. 1971. - The ecological distribution of grapsid and ocypodid shore crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) inTasmania. Journal of Animal Ecology 40 (3): 597 - 621. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3440" type="journal article" year="1971">Griffin (1971: 327)</bibRefCitation>
stated that it was an exception among grapsines in possessing only fourteen gills. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFBBB1F61FB56FA54" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[1088,1210,1395,1421]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Brachynotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFBBB1F61FB56FA54" box="[1088,1210,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Brachynotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFAC71F61FA40FA54" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1340,1452,1395,1421]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
, is now restricted to the western Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFC9B1FA1FBD6FA14" author="SCHUBART C. D. &amp; CUESTA J. A. &amp; FELDER D. L." box="[864,1082,1459,1485]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="28 - 44" refId="ref62074" refString="SCHUBART C. D., CUESTA J. A. &amp; FELDER D. L. 2002. - Glyptograpsidae, a new brachyuran family from Central America: larval and adult morphology, and a molecular phylogeny of the Grapsoidea. Journal of Crustacean Biology 22 (1): 28 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990206" type="journal article" year="2002">
Schubart 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFC331FA6FC10FA14" box="[968,1020,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF82263AFCB81FC1FBC1F8F5" blockId="13.[811,1457,885,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">
In the cladistic analysis by Sternberg &amp; Cumberlidge (1998: 125,129, 130, 131, 134, figs 3, 5, table 3), where 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFACC1FE1FA43F9D4" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[1335,1455,1523,1549]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarminae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarminae</taxonomicName>
was recovered as paraphyletic, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFB881C00FAE5F9F5" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1139,1289,1554,1580]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFB881C00FAE5F9F5" box="[1139,1289,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recognised “morphologically quite distant from the other varunines”, nesting apart, and was placed in a non-varunine clade, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFCD01C60FC4BF955" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[811,935,1650,1676]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFCD01C60FC4BF955" box="[811,935,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nested among varunine genera; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFB081C60FA69F955" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1267,1413,1650,1676]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFB081C60FA69F955" box="[1267,1413,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found more properly allied with the 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFB5E1C80FADFF975" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[1189,1331,1682,1708]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gecarcinidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFAC01C80FA45F975" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[1339,1449,1682,1708]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Grapsidae</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFCAC1CA0FC27F915" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1851" box="[855,971,1714,1740]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sesarmidae</taxonomicName>
rather than to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFBA41CA0FB26F915" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1119,1226,1714,1740]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Varunidae</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFB141CA0FAB3F914" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1263,1375,1714,1741]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Varuninae">Varuninae</taxonomicName>
). So far, the morphological generic differences between 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFAE31CC0FA41F935" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1304,1453,1746,1772]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFAE31CC0FA41F935" box="[1304,1453,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the varunine 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFC121CE0FB85F8D5" authorityName="PUNCTATUS H. MILNE EDWARDS" authorityYear="1837" box="[1001,1129,1778,1804]" class="Malacostraca" family="Varunidae" genus="Cyclograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFC121CE0FB85F8D5" box="[1001,1129,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Cyclograpsus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were essentially established by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFCD61D00FC5DF8F5" author="POORE G. C. B." box="[813,945,1810,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" refId="ref60637" refString="POORE G. C. B. 2004. - Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia. A Guide to Identification with Chapter on Stomatopoda by Shane Ahyong. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 574 p." type="book" year="2004">Poore (2004</bibRefCitation>
, key: 506).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF822627FCB81D23FDAAFD69" blockId="13.[811,1457,885,2028]" lastBlockId="16.[131,777,215,879]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="561" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFC281D23FB69F895" author="SCHUBART C. D." box="[979,1157,1841,1868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="472 - 478" refId="ref61452" refString="SCHUBART C. D. 2011. - Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationship within Grapsidae (Crustacea: Brachyura) and comparison of trans-isthmian vs amphi-atlantic gene flow based on mtDNA. Zoologischer Anzeiger 250: 472 - 478. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2011.06.003" type="journal article" year="2011">Schubart (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, in excluding 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFAE21D23FA43F892" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[1305,1455,1841,1867]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFAE21D23FA43F892" box="[1305,1455,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFCD61D43FC74F8B2" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[813,920,1873,1899]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Grapsidae</taxonomicName>
became a relatively small and monophyletic assemblage, a homogeneous family in terms of adult morphology (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFCCE1D83FC22F872" author="BANERJEE S. K." box="[821,974,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="132 - 199" refId="ref48283" refString="BANERJEE S. K. 1960. - The genera Grapsus, Geograpsus et Metopograpsus (Crustacea Brachyura), in Biological results of the Snellius Expedition XVIII. Temminckia 10: 132 - 199." type="journal article" year="1960">Banerjee 1960</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFC211D83FB98F875" author="CROSNIER A." box="[986,1140,1937,1964]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" refId="ref49925" refString="CROSNIER A. 1965. - Crustaces Decapodes Grapsidae et Ocypodidae, in Faune de Madagascar, 18. ORSTOM, CNRS, Paris, 153 p." type="book" year="1965">Crosnier 1965</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFB691D83FAEDF872" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[1170,1281,1937,1963]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Grapsinae">Grapsinae</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFAF11D83FA7AF872" author="GUINOT D." box="[1290,1430,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref53121" refString="GUINOT D. 1979. - Morphologie et phylogenese des Brachyoures. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. A - Zoologie; 112): 1 - 354, pls 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1979">Guinot 1979</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF82263AFCD01DA3FC76F812" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[811,922,1969,1995]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Grapsinae">Grapsinae</taxonomicName>
; Sternberg &amp; Cumberlidge 1998; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFAE91DA3FC89F832" author="SCHUBART C. D. &amp; CUESTA J. A. &amp; FELDER D. L." pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="28 - 44" refId="ref62074" refString="SCHUBART C. D., CUESTA J. A. &amp; FELDER D. L. 2002. - Glyptograpsidae, a new brachyuran family from Central America: larval and adult morphology, and a molecular phylogeny of the Grapsoidea. Journal of Crustacean Biology 22 (1): 28 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990206" type="journal article" year="2002">
Schubart 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFA801DA0FA5CF812" box="[1403,1456,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFC8F1DC0FC1DF832" author="POORE G. C. B." box="[884,1009,2001,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" refId="ref60637" refString="POORE G. C. B. 2004. - Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia. A Guide to Identification with Chapter on Stomatopoda by Shane Ahyong. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 574 p." type="book" year="2004">Poore 2004</bibRefCitation>
; N. K. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF82263AFBBD1DC0FB09F832" author="NG N. K. &amp; DAVIE P. J. F. &amp; SCHUBART C. D. &amp; NG P. K. L." box="[1094,1253,2001,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref58762" refString="NG N. K., DAVIE P. J. F., SCHUBART C. D. &amp; NG P. K. L. 2007. - Xenograpsidae, a new family of grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) associated with shallow water hydrothermal vents. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 16: 233 - 256." type="journal article" year="2007">
Ng 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF82263AFB8A1DC0FB49F832" box="[1137,1189,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
), of larval features (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FF761AC5FE4EFF28" author="CUESTA J. A. &amp; SCHUBART C. D." box="[141,418,215,241]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="163 - 176" refId="ref50151" refString="CUESTA J. A. &amp; SCHUBART C. D. 1999. - First zoeal stages of Geograpsus lividus and Goniopsis cruentata from Panama confirm consistent larval characters within the subfamily Grapsinae (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae). Ophelia 51 (3): 163 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1999.10409406" type="journal article" year="1999">Cuesta &amp; Schubart 1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FE491AC5FD96FF28" author="CUESTA J. A. &amp; GUERAO G. &amp; SCHUBART C. D. &amp; ANGER K." box="[434,634,215,241]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="225 - 240" refId="ref50577" refString="CUESTA J. A., GUERAO G., SCHUBART C. D. &amp; ANGER K. 2011. - Morphology and growth of the larval stages of Geograpsus lividus (Crustacea, Brachyura), with the descriptions of new larval characters for the Grapsidae and an undescribed setationpattern in extended developments. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 92: 225 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6395.2010.00482. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Cuesta 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FDFF1ACAFDD6FF28" box="[516,570,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
but without data for 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FF1C1AE5FE6DFEC8" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[231,385,247,273]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FF1C1AE5FE6DFEC8" box="[231,385,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and of molecular data (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FD5E1AE5FEE0FEE8" author="SCHUBART C. D. &amp; CUESTA J. A. &amp; DIESEL R. &amp; FELDER D. L." pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="179 - 190" refId="ref61904" refString="SCHUBART C. D., CUESTA J. A., DIESEL R. &amp; FELDER D. L. 2000 b. - Molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of non-marine lineages within the American grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brach- yura). Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution 15 (2): 179 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1999.0754" type="journal article" year="2000">
Schubart 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FF7F1B0AFF50FEE8" box="[132,188,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">et al.</emphasis>
2000b
</bibRefCitation>
, 2002; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FE9C1B05FD68FEE8" author="SCHUBART C. D. &amp; CUESTA J. A." box="[359,644,279,305]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="279 - 299" refId="ref61569" refString="SCHUBART C. D. &amp; CUESTA J. A. 2010. - Phylogenetic relationships of the Plagusiidae Dana, 1851 (Brachyura), with description of a new genus and recognition of Percnidae Stevcic, 2005, as an independent family, in CASTRO P., DAVIE P. J. F., NG P. K. L. &amp; RICHER DE FORGES B. (eds), Studies on Brachyura: A Homage to Daniele Guinot. Crustaceana Monographs 11: 279 - 299." type="journal article" year="2010">Schubart &amp; Cuesta 2010</bibRefCitation>
). From the analysis of genetic sequences from all grapsid genera and 80% of the known grapsid species, the overall topology of the phylogenetic tree by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FE641B65FDA4FE48" author="IP B. H. Y. &amp; SCHUBART C. D. &amp; TSANG L. M. &amp; CHU K. H." box="[415,584,374,401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="217 - 227" refId="ref55156" refString="IP B. H. Y., SCHUBART C. D., TSANG L. M. &amp; CHU K. H. 2015. - Phylogeny of the shore crab family Grapsidae (Decapoda: Brachyura: Thoracotremata) based on a multilocus approach. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174 (2): 217 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12235" type="journal article" year="2015">
Ip 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FE461B65FE18FE48" box="[445,500,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
provided similar results: the monophyly of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FE481B84FDCFFE69" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[435,547,406,432]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Grapsidae</taxonomicName>
was supported only when 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FF331BA4FE0BFE09" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[200,487,438,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FF331BA4FE0BFE09" box="[200,487,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was excluded but did not strongly reject the topology with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FE101BC5FD6BFE29" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[491,647,470,496]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FE101BC5FD6BFE29" box="[491,647,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">L. octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included in the family; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FF041BE4FE79FDC9" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[255,405,502,528]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FF041BE4FE79FDC9" box="[255,405,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was placed within the clade of the outgroup, next to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FEB51805FDA2FDE9" authorityName="N. K. Ng, Huang &amp; Ho" authorityYear="2000" box="[334,590,534,560]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xenograpsidae" genus="Xenograpsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FEB51805FDA2FDE9" box="[334,590,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Xenograpsus testudinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Information on the larval development of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FE641825FDD7FD89" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[415,571,566,592]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FE641825FDD7FD89" box="[415,571,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">L. octodentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that is still lacking (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FF4F1844FE2EFDA9" author="CUESTA J. A. &amp; SCHUBART C. D." box="[180,450,598,624]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="163 - 176" refId="ref50151" refString="CUESTA J. A. &amp; SCHUBART C. D. 1999. - First zoeal stages of Geograpsus lividus and Goniopsis cruentata from Panama confirm consistent larval characters within the subfamily Grapsinae (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae). Ophelia 51 (3): 163 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1999.10409406" type="journal article" year="1999">Cuesta &amp; Schubart 1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FE2B1844FD7FFDA9" author="CUESTA J. A. &amp; GUERAO G. &amp; SCHUBART C. D. &amp; ANGER K." box="[464,659,598,624]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="225 - 240" refId="ref50577" refString="CUESTA J. A., GUERAO G., SCHUBART C. D. &amp; ANGER K. 2011. - Morphology and growth of the larval stages of Geograpsus lividus (Crustacea, Brachyura), with the descriptions of new larval characters for the Grapsidae and an undescribed setationpattern in extended developments. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 92: 225 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6395.2010.00482. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Cuesta 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FDDA1845FDB8FDA9" box="[545,596,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
) would be crucial for a complete understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FEC91884FDAEFD69" authority="n. fam" box="[306,578,662,688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leptograpsodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Leptograpsodidae 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFF9F2627FE031884FDAEFD69" box="[504,578,662,688]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" rank="family">n. fam</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF45662CFF812639FF7F1DBBFC15F831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336868" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4336868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336868/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="559" startId="14.[132,143,1961,1979]" targetBox="[299,1307,215,1919]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF812639FF7F1DBBFC15F831" blockId="14.[132,1456,1961,2024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="559">
FIG. 2. — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF812639FF2D1DBBFD41F862" authority="(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[214,685,1961,1979]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF812639FF2D1DBBFE3DF862" box="[214,465,1961,1979]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="559">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF812639FD4E1DBBFD3BF862" bold="true" box="[693,727,1961,1979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="559">A -D</emphasis>
, neotype, ♂ 17.3 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF812639FC971DBBFC9BF862" box="[876,887,1961,1979]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="559">×</emphasis>
20.6 mm, Australia, Tasmania, King Island, TMAG G1033: 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF812639FA9F1DBBFA9DF862" bold="true" box="[1380,1393,1961,1979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="559">A</emphasis>
, dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF812639FF4F1DD2FF2DF80B" bold="true" box="[180,193,1984,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="559">B</emphasis>
, ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF812639FEC31DD2FEAAF80B" bold="true" box="[312,326,1984,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="559">C</emphasis>
, frontal view, with suborbital ridge as pars stridens; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF812639FD0E1DD2FCEFF80B" bold="true" box="[757,771,1984,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="559">D</emphasis>
, close-up view of plectrum as whitish ridge on P1 merus (see arrow); 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF812639FAB91DD2FAA2F80B" bold="true" box="[1346,1358,1984,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="559">E</emphasis>
, syntype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF812639FF7F1DC4FE67F831" authority="Montgomery, 1931" authorityName="Montgomery" authorityYear="1931" box="[132,395,2006,2024]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="webhaysi">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF812639FF7F1DC4FF0AF831" box="[132,230,2006,2024]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="559">L. webhaysi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF812639FF171DC4FE67F831" author="MONTGOMERY S. K." box="[236,395,2006,2024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="559" pagination="405 - 465" refId="ref57917" refString="MONTGOMERY S. K. 1931. - Report on the Crustacea Brachyura of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Abrolhos Islands under the leadership of Professor W. J. Dakin, D. Sc., F. L. S., in 1913; along with other crabs from Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 37 (253): 405 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1931. tb 00470. x" type="journal article" year="1931">Montgomery, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ovigerous ♀ 27.0 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF812639FDD91DC4FDC1F831" box="[546,557,2006,2024]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="559">×</emphasis>
34.0 mm, Abrolhos, WAM C71736. Scale bars: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF45662CFF802638FF7F1D7AFC8FF832" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4336872" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4336872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4336872/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="560" startId="15.[132,143,1896,1914]" targetBox="[289,1368,217,1856]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF802638FF7F1D7AFC8FF832" blockId="15.[132,1457,1896,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">
FIG. 3. — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF802638FF2D1D7AFD43F8A3" authority="(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="H. Milne Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[214,687,1896,1914]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodentatus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FF2D1D7AFE3EF8A3" box="[214,466,1896,1914]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">Leptograpsodes octodentatus</emphasis>
(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
, ♂ 51.8 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FD081D7AFD12F8A3" box="[755,766,1896,1914]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">×</emphasis>
68.3 mm, South Australia, MNHN-IU-2013-14993 (ex NMV 
<accessionNumber id="9469AB47FF802638FB0F1D7AFAD6F8A3" box="[1268,1338,1896,1914]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J55301" pageId="15" pageNumber="560" type="EnaNcbi">J55301</accessionNumber>
-1): 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FAA81D7AFA8CF8A3" bold="true" box="[1363,1376,1896,1914]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">A</emphasis>
, thoracic sternum (note sternite 8 not developed medially, only exposed laterally); 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FD211D6DFD0BF848" bold="true" box="[730,743,1919,1937]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">B</emphasis>
, genital area with male gonopore and penis; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FBA11D6CFB84F849" bold="true" box="[1114,1128,1918,1936]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">C</emphasis>
, posterior part of thoracic sternum with pleon; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FF471D87FF26F87E" bold="true" box="[188,202,1941,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">D</emphasis>
, front and orbit. Abbreviations: 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FE341D87FE36F87E" bold="true" box="[463,474,1941,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">b</emphasis>
, bridge; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FDD81D87FDA8F87E" bold="true" box="[547,580,1941,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">b.p.</emphasis>
, press-button; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FD381D87FD22F87E" bold="true" box="[707,718,1941,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">c</emphasis>
, coxo-sternal condyle; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FC6B1D87FC2DF87E" bold="true" box="[912,961,1941,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">cx1-5</emphasis>
, P1-P5 coxae; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FBBB1D87FB8DF87E" bold="true" box="[1088,1121,1941,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">e.p.</emphasis>
, exposed proximal portion of penis; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FA751D87FA46F87E" bold="true" box="[1422,1450,1941,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">e.t.</emphasis>
, extraorbital tooth; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FEE51DBEFEA3F867" bold="true" box="[286,335,1964,1982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">e4-e7</emphasis>
, episternites 4-7; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FE1D1DBEFDEDF867" bold="true" box="[486,513,1964,1982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">i.b.</emphasis>
, suborbital border; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FD5E1DBEFD52F867" bold="true" box="[677,702,1964,1982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">i.s.</emphasis>
, incomplete sulcus; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FC911DBEFC6DF867" bold="true" box="[874,897,1964,1982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">i.t.</emphasis>
, suborbital tooth; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FBE21DBEFBD5F867" bold="true" box="[1049,1081,1964,1982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">m.l.</emphasis>
, median line; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FB561DBEFB32F867" bold="true" box="[1197,1246,1964,1982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">mxp3</emphasis>
; third maxilliped; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FA891DBEFA65F867" bold="true" box="[1394,1417,1964,1982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">P1</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FA681DBEFA46F867" bold="true" box="[1427,1450,1964,1982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">P2</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FF7F1DD1FF77F80C" bold="true" box="[132,155,1987,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">P3</emphasis>
, pleonal somites 1-3; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FEAA1DD1FEB0F80C" bold="true" box="[337,348,1987,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">p</emphasis>
, penis; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FE661DD1FE51F80C" bold="true" box="[413,445,1987,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">p.e.</emphasis>
, posterior emargination; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FD701DD1FD41F80C" bold="true" box="[651,685,1987,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">p.p.</emphasis>
, proximal portion of penis; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FC761DD1FC44F80C" bold="true" box="[909,936,1987,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">p.r.</emphasis>
, pleonal rim; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FBED1DD1FBDAF80C" bold="true" box="[1046,1078,1987,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">s.c.</emphasis>
, stridulating crest; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FB281DD1FB1FF80C" bold="true" box="[1235,1267,1987,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">s.p.</emphasis>
, sterno-pleonal cavity; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FF7F1DCBFF4CF832" bold="true" box="[132,160,2009,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">1-8</emphasis>
, thoracic sternites 1-8; 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF802638FE9C1DCBFE4AF832" bold="true" box="[359,422,2009,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="560">1/2-7/8</emphasis>
, thoracic sternal sutures 1/2-7/8. Scale bars: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF9F2627FF6018A4FEBEFCB6" blockId="16.[131,777,215,879]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">
Our present re-appraisal shows that 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FDD318A7FD5BFD16" box="[552,695,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Leptograpodes</emphasis>
can be referred to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FEDB18C7FE71FD36" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[288,413,725,751]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="597" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Grapsoidea">Grapsoidea</taxonomicName>
, but its comparison with the main evolutionary lineages recognised in this superfamily (gecarcinids, glyptograpsids, grapsids, percnids, plagusiids, varunids, sesarmids, xenograpsids), demonstrates it requires a separate family recognition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF9F2627FF3919A7FD25FC16" blockId="16.[194,713,949,976]" box="[194,713,949,976]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">
Family 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FEE919A4FD25FC16" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[274,713,949,976]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">GECARCINIDAE H. Milne Edwards, 1837</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652FFF9F2627FF7F19FCFED1FB8C" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF9F2627FF7F19FCFED1FB8C" blockId="16.[132,775,1006,1109]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">
INCLUDED GENERA. — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FEA019FCFDA5FBDF" authority="Latreille, 1828" authorityName="Latreille, in Latreille, Le Peletier, Serville &amp; Guerin" authorityYear="1828" box="[347,585,1006,1030]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Cardisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FEA019FCFE51FBDF" box="[347,445,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Cardisoma</emphasis>
Latreille, 1828
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FDAA19FCFD44FBDF" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[593,680,1006,1030]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Discoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FDAA19FCFD44FBDF" box="[593,680,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Discoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A. Milne- 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FF7F1E1AFEF6FBF9" author="EDWARDS A." box="[132,282,1032,1056]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="263 - 288" refId="ref57884" refString="MILNE- EDWARDS A. 1867. - Descriptions de quelques especes nouvelles de Crustaces Brachyures. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France ser. 4, 7: 263 - 288." type="journal article" year="1867">Edwards, 1867</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FEDD1E1BFDE3FBF9" authority="HelIer, 1862" authorityName="HelIer" authorityYear="1862" box="[294,527,1032,1056]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Epigrapsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FEDD1E1BFE64FBF9" box="[294,392,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Epigrapsus</emphasis>
HelIer, 1862
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FDE11E1AFCEFFBF9" authority="Leach, 1814" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" box="[538,771,1032,1056]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FDE11E1AFD6CFBC6" box="[538,640,1032,1055]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Gecarcinus</emphasis>
Leach, 1814
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FF7E1E30FE17FBE2" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[133,507,1058,1083]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcoidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FF7E1E30FF19FBE3" box="[133,245,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Gecarcoidea</emphasis>
H. Milne Edwards, 1837
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FDFC1E30FCEFFBE2" authority="Turkay, 1970" authorityName="Turkay" authorityYear="1970" box="[519,771,1058,1083]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Johngarthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FDFC1E30FD99FBE3" box="[519,629,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Johngarthia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FD871E30FCEFFBE2" author="TURKAY M." box="[636,771,1058,1083]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="333 - 354" refId="ref63882" refString="TURKAY M. 1970. - Die Gecarcinidae Amerikas. Mit einem Anhang uber Ucides Rathbun (Crustacea; Decapoda). Senckenbergiana biologica 51: 333 - 354." type="journal article" year="1970">Türkay, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FF7F1E2FFF1EFB8C" authority="Guinot &amp; Ng &amp; Rodríguez Moreno, 2018" authorityName="Guinot &amp; Ng &amp; Rodríguez Moreno" authorityYear="2018" box="[132,242,1085,1109]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Tuerkayana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FF7F1E2FFF1EFB8C" box="[132,242,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Tuerkayana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57CDFF9F2627FF021E2FFED1FB8C" box="[249,317,1085,1109]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652FFF9F2627FF7F1E67FEF3FAF4" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF9F2627FF7F1E67FF04FB54" blockId="16.[130,777,1141,2028]" box="[132,232,1141,1167]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF9F2627FF7F1E86FEF3FAF4" blockId="16.[130,777,1141,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FF7F1E86FEF6FB77" authorityName="WEBHAYSI MONTGOMERY" authorityYear="1931" box="[132,282,1172,1198]" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Leptograpsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FF7F1E86FEF6FB77" box="[132,282,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Leptograpsodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was never considered related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FD811E86FE63FB17" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gecarcinidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837</taxonomicName>
(for the authorship, see Appendix), and therefore a comparative analysis with its members is fully justified. First and foremost, a clarification about this family must be done.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652FFF9F2627FF601F21FB6CFE68" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF9F2627FF601F21FE06F955" blockId="16.[130,777,1141,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FF601F21FECBFA94" ID-CoL="7NHMX" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[155,295,1331,1357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gecarcinidae</taxonomicName>
is currently represented by five genera with large-sized species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FEA11F41FE20FAB4" ID-CoL="7NRWM" authorityName="Latreille, in Latreille, Le Peletier, Serville &amp; Guerin" authorityYear="1828" box="[346,460,1363,1389]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Cardisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FEA11F41FE20FAB4" box="[346,460,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Cardisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FE271F41FDAEFAB4" ID-CoL="7NX5F" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[476,578,1363,1389]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Discoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FE271F41FDAEFAB4" box="[476,578,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Discoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FDA91F41FD3CFAB4" ID-CoL="7PGMV" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[594,720,1363,1389]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcoidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FDA91F41FD3CFAB4" box="[594,720,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Gecarcoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FD1A1F46FF35FA54" ID-CoL="7P39R" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FD1A1F46FF35FA54" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Gecarcinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FEE71F61FE74FA54" ID-CoL="7PLWS" authorityName="Turkay" authorityYear="1970" box="[284,408,1395,1421]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Johngarthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FEE71F61FE74FA54" box="[284,408,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Johngarthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which deserve the title of “land crabs”, although all of them have to return to the sea for larval release through a migration of reproductive individuals (Hartnoll 2010; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FEC71FC1FDF4FA34" author="HARTNOLL R. G. &amp; MCKELLAR C. &amp; WEBER N. &amp; WEBER S. B." box="[316,536,1491,1517]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="531 - 539" refId="ref54462" refString="HARTNOLL R. G., REGNIER- MCKELLAR C., WEBER N. &amp; WEBER S. B. 2014. - Return to the land; the stages of terrestrial recruitment in land crabs. Crustaceana 87 (5): 531 - 539. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003294" type="journal article" year="2014">
Hartnoll 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FE581FC6FE34FA34" box="[419,472,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
; Rodríguez-Rey 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FD291FC6FCEBFA34" box="[722,775,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">et al.</emphasis>
2016; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FF361FE1FEA1F9D4" author="BAUER R. T." box="[205,333,1523,1549]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="203 - 229" refId="ref48483" refString="BAUER R. T. 2018. - Life cycle and seasonal migrations, in WELL- BORN G. &amp; THIEL M. (eds), Life Histories. Oxford University Press, New York: 203 - 229." type="book chapter" year="2018">Bauer 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and although their larval development shows no concession to a terrestrial lifestyle, even in the case of species preferring karst and cave environments. A sixth genus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FF4C1C41FEC8F9B5" ID-CoL="7PDKP" authorityName="HelIer" authorityYear="1862" box="[183,292,1619,1644]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Epigrapsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FF4C1C41FEC8F9B5" box="[183,292,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Epigrapsus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with two small-sized species having a cryptic life, deviates from all gecarcinids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF9F2627FF601C80FB6CFE68" blockId="16.[130,777,1141,2028]" lastBlockId="16.[811,1457,215,656]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">
Today, based on morphological characters that are too often ignored and/or overlooked (see below), the reexamination of all gecarcinids reveals a deep discrepancy from some of the recently published data, especially byTürkay (1987), Ng 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FD2D1CE1FCEBF8D5" box="[726,775,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">et al.</emphasis>
(2000, 2001), 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FEDD1D00FDF8F8F5" author="NG P. K. L. &amp; WANG C. - H. &amp; HO P. - H. &amp; SHIH H. - T." box="[294,532,1810,1836]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref59975" refString="NG P. K. L., WANG C. - H., HO P. - H. &amp; SHIH H. - T. 2001. - Anannotated checklist of brachyuran crabs from Taiwan (Crustacea: Decapoda). National Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series Taipei 11: 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Guinot (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FDD81D00FCEDF8F5" author="NG P. K. L. &amp; DAVIE P. J. F." box="[547,769,1810,1836]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="89 - 100" refId="ref59312" refString="NG P. K. L. &amp; DAVIE P. J. F. 2012. - The blue crab of Christmas Island, Discoplax celeste, new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (1): 89 - 100." type="journal article" year="2012">Ng &amp; Davie (2012)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FF7F1D20FED2F895" author="NG P. K. L. &amp; SHIH H. - T." box="[132,318,1841,1868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="109 - 135" refId="ref59569" refString="NG P. K. L. &amp; SHIH H. - T. 2014. - The systematics of the land crabs of the Discoplax hirtipes (Dana, 1851) species-group (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae), with description of a new species from the eastern Indian Ocean. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 30: 109 - 135." type="journal article" year="2014">Ng &amp; Shih (2014</bibRefCitation>
, 2015), and many subsequent authors. The changes that we hereby propose are related to their generic nomenclature (see 
<tableCitation id="C6B8031FFF9F2627FEAA1D63FE4CF852" box="[337,416,1905,1931]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="23.[144,155,218,236]" captionText="TABLE 1. — New nomenclatural terminology proposed for the Gecarcinidae." pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Table 1</tableCitation>
), whereas the specific identifications accompanied by a remarkable iconography constitute points of agreement, but only partially, however. Change in the taxonomic status of several species will have important consequences, especially for the endemic fauna of 
<collectingCountry id="F32D7634FF9F2627FAB91AC5FC9DFEC8" name="Christmas Island" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
, a unique marine biodiversity hotspot: its vulnerable gecarcinid population, worldwide known by its extraordinary migrations, plays an important ecological role in the terrestrial ecosystem and requires a conservation strategy (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FAC81B45FC89FE48" author="HICKS J. W. &amp; RUMPFF H. &amp; YORKSTON H." pageId="16" pageNumber="561" refId="ref54712" refString="HICKS J. W., RUMPFF H. &amp; YORKSTON H. 1990. - Christmas Crabs. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 76 p." type="book" year="1990">
Hicks 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FA801B4AFA5CFEA8" box="[1403,1456,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FC8E1B65FB96FE48" author="PAULAY G. &amp; STARMER J." box="[885,1146,375,401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="19916" refId="ref60578" refString="PAULAY G. &amp; STARMER J. 2011. - Evolution, insular restriction, and extinction of oceanic land crabs, exemplified by the loss of an endemic Geograpsus in the Hawaiian Islands. PLoS ONE 6 (5): e 19916. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0019916" type="journal article" year="2011">Paulay &amp; Starmer 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FB701B65FABAFE48" author="BEETON B. &amp; BURBIDGE A. &amp; GRIGG G. &amp; HARRISON P. &amp; HOW R. &amp; HUMPHREYS B. &amp; MCKENZIE N. &amp; WOINARSKI J." box="[1163,1366,375,401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref48524" refString="BEETON B., BURBIDGE A., GRIGG G., HARRISON P., HOW R., HUMPHREYS B., MCKENZIE N. &amp; WOINARSKI J. 2010. - Final Report of the Christmas Island Expert Working Group to Minister for the Department of Environment Protection, Heritage and the Arts. Technical report: 1 - 245." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Beeton 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FB1B1B65FAFAFE48" box="[1248,1302,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FA9E1B65FC73FE68" author="TURNER L. M. &amp; HALLAS J. P. &amp; MORRIS S." pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="450 - 457" refId="ref64176" refString="TURNER L. M., HALLAS J. P. &amp; MORRIS S. 2011. - Population structure of the Christmas Island blue crab, Discoplax hirtipes (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Journal of Crustacean Biology 31 (3): 450 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / 10 - 3420.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
Turner 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FCD61B85FC8CFE69" box="[813,864,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FC561B85FC09FE68" author="TURNER L. M. &amp; HALLAS J. P. &amp; SMITH M. J. &amp; MORRIS S." box="[941,997,407,433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="703 - 714" refId="ref64244" refString="TURNER L. M., HALLAS J. P., SMITH M. J. &amp; MORRIS S. 2013. - Phylogeography of the Christmas Island blue crab, Discoplax celeste (Decapoda: Gecarcinidae) on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93 (3): 703 - 714. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315412000598" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FC081B85FB9CFE68" author="BAUER R. T." box="[1011,1136,407,433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="203 - 229" refId="ref48483" refString="BAUER R. T. 2018. - Life cycle and seasonal migrations, in WELL- BORN G. &amp; THIEL M. (eds), Life Histories. Oxford University Press, New York: 203 - 229." type="book chapter" year="2018">Bauer 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652FFF9F2627FCB81BA4FBDEFD49" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8536A4FF9F2627FCB81BA4FBDEFD49" blockId="16.[811,1457,215,656]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">
The current classification of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D27FF9F2627FB8D1BA4FAEEFE09" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[1142,1282,438,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gecarcinidae</taxonomicName>
does not reflect the existence of the two main subclades supported by the congruence of morphological, larval and genetic data abovementioned. Establishment of two subfamilies is strongly required but would not be appropriate in the present paper in respect of the project announced in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B55FF9F2627FB3C1844FA47FDA9" author="NG P. K. L. &amp; GUINOT D. &amp; DAVIE P. J. F." box="[1223,1451,598,624]" pageId="16" pageNumber="561" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref59707" refString="NG P. K. L., GUINOT D. &amp; DAVIE P. J. F. 2008. - Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 17: 1 - 286. [updates at http: // rmbr. nus. edu. sg / research / cotw / supplement 17. php]" type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng 
<emphasis id="B94EEAB6FF9F2627FB141845FACEFDA9" box="[1263,1314,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="561">et al.</emphasis>
(2008: 214)
</bibRefCitation>
: “Davie &amp; Ng, in prep.”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>