194 lines
22 KiB
XML
194 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A1772F298CB90746A55F0DA059EB299F">The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24E5D7A90E7E7A62DD373C67E1627381">Cakenberghe, Victor Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9854C72EA08F5BC7AE5399A8BC6A4AF2">University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Functional Morphology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein, 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. & AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 9 A 0 E 1 AF 5 - C 248 - 4648 - 9 D 64 - 443112890346 & Corresponding author: Victor. VanCakenberghe @ uantwerpen. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9A29C1932BD8B0C87B6B481466CE88F8">Tungaluna, Guy-Crispin Gembu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="907F2A0CA0B69203364173D99CF6198E">Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. & Email: gembuguycrispin @ gmail. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 AE 2 F 96 F-A 138 - 419 B-B 650 - 6 DB 44 D 535 D 14 & Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. & Email: prescottmusaba @ yahoo. fr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 4 C 40421 C- 1 D 84 - 4 BD 1 - A 444 - 360300 ECBEEC</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8886599269E5764F6BC32238B2ADC2BF">Akawa, Prescott Musaba</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C27A1CEEE8EF020A7C96C7FAF2A5EC84">AfricanBats NPC, 357 Botha Ave, Kloofsig, 0157, Republic of South Africa. & Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 20 Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, Republic of South Africa. & Email: ernest. seamark @ africanbats. org & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: B 60 CA 9 A 1 - D 288 - 468 E-AEEB-D 0 F 136 E 96 F 5 B</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A18EEEABFA8366660ED50384E68A306F">Verheyen, Erik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="899DBE090C54C1D4713E85A0BDC06C0C">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences - OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. & University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium. & Email: erik. verheyen @ naturalsciences. be & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 86 B 40463 - E 3 D 9 - 4147 - 9 ED 3 - D 7302 E 0 D 64 B 6</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0D781FD984D5A4FD801F8F9D1C1F86D" box="[608,980,1906,1933]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984D5A4FD801F8F9D1C1F86D" ID-CoL="4VY5V" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[608,980,1906,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nux">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FD801F8F9D131F86D" bold="true" box="[608,804,1906,1933]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Scotophilus nux</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1904
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691984D5A4FD8B9F81DD14EF850" blockId="81.[608,980,1906,1968]" box="[728,859,1942,1968]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<figureCitation id="131B2A14984D5A4FD8B9F81DD13CF850" box="[728,809,1942,1968]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,305,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[225,1363,297,1886]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 37. Distribution maps. A–B. Scotophilus leucogaster (Cretzschmar, 1826). C–D. Scotophilus nigrita (Schreber, 1774). E–F. Scotophilus nux Thomas, 1904. A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860161/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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E–F
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33A651A984D5A4FDADCF85AD0C2F80B" box="[189,727,2001,2027]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691984D5A4FDADCF85AD0C2F80B" blockId="81.[189,727,2001,2027]" box="[189,727,2001,2027]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FDADCF85AD2D9F80B" box="[189,204,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">*</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A811080984D5A4FDAB2F85AD0C6F80B" box="[211,723,2001,2027]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984D5A4FDAB2F85AD0C6F80B" ID-CoL="4VY5V" authority="Thomas, 1904: 208" authorityName="Thomas" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1904" box="[211,723,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nigrita" subSpecies="nux">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984D5A4FDAB2F85AD3F1F80B" box="[211,484,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Scotophilus nigrita nux</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1904: 208
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</footnote>
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<caption id="DF5F6619984E5A4CDADCF802D036F809" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860161" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860161/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" startId="82.[189,232,1929,1955]" targetBox="[233,1353,305,1876]" targetPageId="82">
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691984E5A4CDADCF802D036F809" blockId="82.[189,1399,1929,2026]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984E5A4CDADCF802D30AF843" bold="true" box="[189,287,1929,1955]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 37.</emphasis>
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Distribution maps.
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984E5A4CD87AF802D047F843" bold="true" box="[539,594,1929,1955]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">A–B</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984E5A4CD809F802D69BF844" authority="(Cretzschmar, 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Cretzschmar" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[616,1166,1929,1956]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984E5A4CD809F802D192F843" box="[616,903,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Scotophilus leucogaster</emphasis>
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(Cretzschmar, 1826)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984E5A4CDEC1F802D6CCF843" bold="true" box="[1184,1241,1929,1955]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">C–D</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984E5A4CDE8FF802D3CEF826" authority="(Schreber, 1774)" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984E5A4CDE8FF802D318F826" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Scotophilus nigrita</emphasis>
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(Schreber, 1774)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984E5A4CDB84F827D00CF826" bold="true" box="[485,537,1964,1990]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">E–F</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984E5A4CD846F827D184F826" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[551,913,1964,1990]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nux">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984E5A4CD846F827D0F5F826" box="[551,736,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Scotophilus nux</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1904
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</taxonomicName>
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. A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C33A651A984F5A4DDADCFE80D6C5FE70" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9F3691984F5A4DDADCFE80D6C5FE70" blockId="83.[189,1398,267,400]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60984F5A4DDADCFE80D3BBFEC6" author="Thomas" box="[189,430,267,294]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="465 - 481" refId="ref273943" refString="Thomas O. 1915. List of mammals (exclusive of Ungulata) collected on the Upper Congo by Dr. Christy for the Congo Museum, Tervueren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 8, 16 (96): 465 - 481. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 22131562 # page / 477 / mode / 1 up [accessed 29 Nov. 2017]." type="journal article" year="1915">Thomas (1915: 468)</bibRefCitation>
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already mentioned “The conspicuous difference between the colour of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984F5A4DDE9DFE87D751FEC5" ID-CoL="4VY5V" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1276,1348,268,294]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nux">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984F5A4DDE9DFE87D751FEC5" box="[1276,1348,268,294]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">S. nux</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and that of all forms of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D12984F5A4DDBFEFEA4D019FEA9" ID-CoL="4VY5Q" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[415,524,303,329]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
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<emphasis id="B954EA83984F5A4DDBFEFEA4D019FEA9" box="[415,524,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">S. nigrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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makes me now think that it should be recognized as a distinct species, and not merely a subspecies of the older known form.” This view, however, was ignored by most subsequent authors, until it was resurrected by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60984F5A4DD83BFEFDD12BFE70" author="Robbins" box="[602,830,374,400]" firstAuthor="Robbins" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="19 - 24" refId="ref271616" refString="Robbins C. 1983. A new high forest species in the African genus Scotophilus (Vespertilionidae). Annalen van het Koninklijk Museum voor Midden Afrika, Zoologische Wetenschappen 237: 19 - 24." type="journal article" year="1983">Robbins (1983: 19)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60984F5A4DD916FEFDD683FE70" author="Robbins" box="[887,1174,373,400]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Robbins" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="51 - 84" refId="ref271652" refString="Robbins C. B., De Vree F. & Van Cakenberghe V. 1985. A systematic revision of the African bat genus Scotophilus (Vespertilionidae). Annalen van het Koninklijk Museum voor Midden Afrika, Zoologische Wetenschappen 246: 51 - 84. Available from https: // www. academia. edu / 4426030 / A _ systematic _ revision _ of _ the _ African _ bat _ genus _ Scotophilus _ Vespertilionidae _ [accessed 29 Nov. 2017]." type="journal article" year="1985">
|
||
Robbins
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EA83984F5A4DD981FEFDD60EFE70" box="[992,1051,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1985: 53
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 71).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A651A984F5A4DDADCFE33D11BFCF0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F3691984F5A4DDADCFE33D11BFCF0" blockId="83.[189,1399,439,785]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60984F5A4DDADCFE33D3E2FE32" author="Hayman" box="[189,503,439,466]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hayman" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref265860" refString="Hayman R. W., Misonne X. & Verheyen W. N. 1966. The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi. Annalen van het Koninklijk Museum voor Midden Afrika, Zoologische Wetenschappen, Ser. 8, 154: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1966">
|
||
Hayman
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EA83984F5A4DDB4DFE33D37EFE31" box="[300,363,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1966: 57)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only mentioned specimens from the northeastern part of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DDE8EFE3CD73EFE31" box="[1263,1323,439,465]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Bas- Uélé, Haut-Uélé and Ituri Provinces). One additional specimen was collected in Kongolo (Tanganyika Province) in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DDB98FE75D02CFDF8" box="[505,569,510,536]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B60984F5A4DD827FE74D65EFDF9" author="Van Cakenberghe & Happold" box="[582,1099,510,537]" firstAuthor="Van Cakenberghe" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="681 - 682" refId="ref275151" refString="Van Cakenberghe V. & Happold M. 2013 j. Scotophilus nux Nut-coloured House Bat. In: Happold M. & Happold D. (eds) Mammals of Africa Volume IV. Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats: 681 - 682. Bloomsbury Publishing, London." type="book chapter" year="2013" yearSuffix="j">Van Cakenberghe & Happold (2013j: 681)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicate that the species is recorded from the rainforest and the northern and eastern rainforest-savanna mosaics from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DDF51FDAAD313FDBF" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the west to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DDBA0FDCED02BFDBF" box="[449,574,581,607]" name="Cameroon" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and from northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DD909FDCED1B1FDBF" box="[872,932,581,607]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
to western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DDE57FDCED693FDBF" box="[1078,1158,581,607]" name="Kenya" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
. We agree with this distribution, although it occurs further to the south in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DD909FDE3D1B1FD62" box="[872,932,616,642]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
than previously accepted. The climatic data used for the SDM map confirm that the gap between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DD917FD07D1E5FD46" box="[886,1008,652,678]" name="Cameroon" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DDE38FD07D680FD46" box="[1113,1173,652,678]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
is probably due to insufficient sampling, as suggested by Van Cakenberghe & Happold. They also confirm the gap between southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DDB00FD58D3BBFD0D" box="[353,430,723,749]" name="Ghana" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DD839FD58D0A6FD0D" box="[600,691,723,749]" name="Nigeria" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which might be linked to the “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3377601984F5A4DDE4DFD58D6B4FD0D" box="[1068,1185,723,749]" name="Benin" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Dahomey</collectingCountry>
|
||
Gap”, but further investigation in that area is needed to confirm this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |