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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2238" ID-PMC="PMC3254249" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-8-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF3FFEA6333AC3FFFF60A671A6CFFE7" ID-PubMed="22287930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576103" ModsDocID="1314-2003-8-49" checkinTime="1451252074696" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Monro, Alex K." docDate="2012" docId="7C96DE519D935D19BDC0BEFA5CE7656E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 8: 49-82" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 8" docPubDate="2012-01-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2238" docTitle="Cestrum amistadense A. K. Monro 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FFF3FFEA6333AC3FFFF60A671A6CFFE7" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFF3FFEA6333AC3FFFF60A671A6CFFE7" masterDocTitle="Eight new species of Cestrum (Solanaceae) from Mesoamerica" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668142033318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Eight new species of Cestrum (Solanaceae) from Mesoamerica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Monro, Alex K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, London SW 2 5 SY, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-01-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>8</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>49</mods:start>
<mods:end>82</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2238</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2238</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-8-49</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFF3FFEA6333AC3FFFF60A671A6CFFE7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576103</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C96DE519D935D19BDC0BEFA5CE7656E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C96DE519D935D19BDC0BEFA5CE7656E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName LSID="7C96DE51-9D93-5D19-BDC0-BEFA5CE7656E" authority="A. K. Monro" authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cestrum amistadense" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadense" status="sp. nov.">Cestrum amistadense A.K.Monro</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="51">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cestrum amistadense A. K. Monro A Flowering stem B Flower C Longitudinal section through the corolla showing stamen arrangement D Style. Drawn from A. K. Monro &amp; E. Alfaro 4328 (BM)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9969" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Figs 1 A-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Cestrum amistadense A. K. Monro A Habit. B. Inflorescence C Flowers. A. K. Monro &amp; E. Alfaro 4415 (Photo A. K. Monro 2004)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9970" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">2 A-C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
Most similar to
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="langeanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Cestrum langeanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
from which it can be distinguished by the shiny upper leaf surface that is characteristically shrunken around the primary and secondary veins, the raised quaternary and quinternary veins on the upper leaf surface, the glabrous peduncle and the longer inflorescence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Panama.</emphasis>
Bocas del Toro: La Amistad Binational Park, La Pata del Cedro camp, ca. 1750 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="9.074166">09°04'27&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="-82.73805">82°44'17W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 11 Mar 2004,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">A. K. Monro &amp; E. Alfaro 4328</emphasis>
(holotype: PMA; isotypes: BM000849623, INB).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
Shrubs, 0.4-2.0 m. Leaf-bearing stems drying brown, yellow-brown or olive green, the internodes 25-55
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.375-4.0 mm; young stems glabrous. Axillary
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="52" start="start">buds</pageBreakToken>
0.5-1.0 mm, drying dark brown to brown, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, not subtended by a minor leaf. Lamina 90-225
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
26-100 mm, length to width ratio 2.1-3.5, oblong-ovate, ovate, ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or lanceolate, coriaceous, drying yellow-green, brown or dull olive green above, paler below; the upper surface glabrous, primary to quarternary veins, (occasionally primary and secondary only) raised and clearly visible to the naked eye; the lower surface glabrous, primary and secondary, primary
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="53" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
tertiary or primary to quinternary veins raised and clearly visible to the naked eye, secondary veins 6-13 pairs, borne 65-80° to the midrib, irregularly and weakly curved, decurrent, the veinlets visible or not, where visible unbranched or branched; base obtuse to decurrent or asymmetrically acute-cuneate, obtuse, or decurrent; margin entire; apex subcuspidate to cuspidate or acute; petioles 7-25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.25-2.50 mm, drying green, dark brown or yellow-brown, glabrous. Inflorescences 1-3 per herbarium sheet, terminal or subterminal panicles, axillary panicles solitary in each axil, ca. 105 mm long, bearing 7-21 flowers borne in 2-6 clusters, each cluster bearing 3 or 4 flowers; peduncle 25-37
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.0-1.5 mm, drying green-brown, yellow-brown or brown, glabrous; bracts 3-100
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.75-31.0 mm, leaf-like to bracteole-like; bracteoles 3.0-3.5 mm, linear, glabrous. Flowers pedicellate, the pedicels 0.50-0.75 mm; calyx 3.25-4.50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.0-2.25 mm, the outer surface glabrous, the lobes 5, 0.50-0.675 mm, erect; corolla pale purple to lilac, 26-34 mm long, the tube 26-28 mm long, 3.0-3.5 mm in diameter at the mouth, ca. 1.25 mm in diameter at the base, glabrous, the lobes 5, 6.5-8.0 mm long; stamens 5, the filaments 23.5-26.0 mm long, equal, adnate for 19.0-20.5 mm of their length, glabrous, a lobe-like appendage present at insertion point, the anthers ca. 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.675-0.750 mm; style 24.5-26.0 mm, the stigma 0.375-0.50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.75-1.25 mm. Infructescences 25-80 mm long, bearing 5-12 fruit; fruiting calyx 3.5-4.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7-8 mm; fruit not seen.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9969" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum amistadense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A.K.Monro
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
Flowering stem
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
Flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
Longitudinal section through the corolla showing stamen arrangement
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
Style. Drawn from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">A.K. Monro &amp; E. Alfaro 4328</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9970" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum amistadense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A.K.Monro
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
Habit.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
. Inflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
Flowers.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">A.K. Monro &amp; E. Alfaro 4415</emphasis>
(Photo A.K.Monro 2004).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">From the locality of the holotype, La Amistad Binational Park in Costa Rica and Panama.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
Premontane, montane, cloud and oak forest from 900 m to 2100 m. Collection notes indicate that this species is restricted to undisturbed or
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘high’">'high'</normalizedToken>
forest. Existing collection localities suggest that
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum amistadense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed over an area of ca. 7,360 km2 of the Fila
<normalizedToken originalValue="Costeña">Costena</normalizedToken>
and the Talamanca Mountains in eastern Costa Rica and western Panama (
<bibRefCitation author="Google Earth, 6.0.3.2197" journalOrPublisher="Candollea" pageId="25" pageNumber="74" refId="B7" refString="Google Earth, 6.0.3.2197, 2011. Available from http://www.google.com/earth." title="Available from http: // www. google. com / earth" year="2011">Google Earth</bibRefCitation>
, accesssed April 21 2011, images from 2011).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
Of the six known collections of
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum amistadense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, none had been previously determined to species. Comparison of the holotype and paratype material with type specimens from the herbaria listed in the Materials and methods section recovered
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum amistadense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as most similar to
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="langeanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum langeanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1799" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longiflorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum longiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav. It can be distinguished from those speciesby the presence and distribution of pubescence, leaf surface, venation and inflorescence morphology as summarised in
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/718CA67C6B830E0012F9B12D8DAD9E0E" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" tableUuid="718CA67C6B830E0012F9B12D8DAD9E0E">Tables 1</tableCitation>
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/11848C37FAAE7DFC74B4DECEE4938593" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" tableUuid="11848C37FAAE7DFC74B4DECEE4938593">and 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="718CA67C6B830E0012F9B12D8DAD9E0E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/718CA67C6B830E0012F9B12D8DAD9E0E" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Table 1.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<table pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum amistadense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="langeanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum langeanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Upper leaf surface morphology</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">shiny and shrunken around primary and secondary veins</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">matte, not appearing shrunken around primary and secondary veins</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Upper leaf surface quarternary and quinternary veins raised</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">yes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">no</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Peduncle pubescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">glabrous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">pubescent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Inflorescence length in flower</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">ca. 105 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">21-55 mm</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="11848C37FAAE7DFC74B4DECEE4938593" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/11848C37FAAE7DFC74B4DECEE4938593" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Table 2.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<table pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum amistadense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1799" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longiflorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum longiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Lower leaf surface pubescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">glabrous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">pubescent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Upper leaf surface quarternary and quinternary veins raised</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">yes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">no</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Peduncle pubescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">glabrous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">pubescent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Bracteole length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">3.0-3.5 mm</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">2.5 mm</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
Using IUCN criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Species Survival, Commission" journalOrPublisher="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland and Cambridge" pageId="25" pageNumber="74" refId="B9" refString="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Species Survival, Commission, 2001. IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland and Cambridge, 70 pp." title="IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1." year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. K. Monro" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="amistadense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Cestrum amistadense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered Vulnerable based on subcriteria B: Extent of Occurrence &lt;20,000 km2 (B1), a severely fragmented range and small number of collection localities (B1a) and continuing decline in the area of habitat due to the conversion of forest to agricultural land (B1b).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
COSTA RICA.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
de Talamanca, Bratsi, Amubri, Alto Lari, Kivut, siguiendo la fila divisoria entre
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
Lari y Dapari, cuenca superior de ambos,
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="45" value="9.379167">09°22'45&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-83.104164">83°06'15&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1900 m, 24 Mar 1992,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">B. Hammel 5474</emphasis>
(INB, MO); Puntarenas:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
de Osa,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Piedras Blancas, junto a la casa, faldas Cerro Anguciana, Fila Cruces, 900 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="02" value="8.817223">08°49'02&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-83.18972">83°11'23&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 9 Dec 1993,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="54" start="start">R</pageBreakToken>
. Aguilar, D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
, M. Grayum &amp; B. Hammel 2732
</emphasis>
(BM, INB). PANAMA. Bocas del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toro-Chiriquí">Toro-Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
border: end of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Palo Alto road to
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
border with Bocas del Toro, near peak of Cerro Macho,
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.816667">08°49'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.38333">082°23'W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 2200 m, 20 Nov 1978,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">B. Hammel 5799</emphasis>
(MO); La Amistad Binational Park, Quebrada by Campamiento Lucio,
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="9.084167">09°05'03&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="082" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-82.76222">082°45'44&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 1850 m, Mar 16 2004,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">A. K. Monro &amp; E. Alfaro 4415</emphasis>
(INB, MO, PMA);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
: end of road past Palo Alto northeast of Boquete 2100 m, 8 Feb 1979,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">B. Hammel 6062</emphasis>
(MO); trail to Cerro Pate Macho, headwaters of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Palo Alto, above Palo Alto, 1700-2100 m,
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.783334">08°47'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.36667">82°22'W</geoCoordinate>
(DMS), 24 Apr 1982,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">S. Knapp &amp; R. Schmalzel 4766</emphasis>
(MO).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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