treatments-xml/data/F9/3E/9E/F93E9EA8D5135C159F6D8E503E4040E8.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f16f0ca-237e-493b-9f3a-84f8a051810f" ID-PMC="PMC7286936" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-149-89" ID-Pensoft-UUID="36D74C5F00155768B212937AD9DB0B1B" ID-PubMed="32549746" ModsDocID="1314-2003-149-89" checkinTime="1591212677400" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Calvo, Joel &amp; Moreira-Munoz, Andres" docDate="2020" docId="F93E9EA8D5135C159F6D8E503E4040E8" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 149: 89-98" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 149" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297" docTitle="Senecio festucoides J. Calvo &amp; A. Moreira 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="36D74C5F00155768B212937AD9DB0B1B" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="36D74C5F00155768B212937AD9DB0B1B" masterDocTitle="Senecio festucoides (Senecioneae, Compositae), a new species from northern Chile" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1668139818351" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Senecio festucoides (Senecioneae, Compositae), a new species from northern Chile</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Calvo, Joel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Geografia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Geografia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Avenida Brasil 2241, 2362807, Valparaiso, Chile</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-7666</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">calvocasas@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moreira-Munoz, Andres</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Geografia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Geografia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Avenida Brasil 2241, 2362807, Valparaiso, Chile</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-1391</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>149</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>89</mods:start>
<mods:end>98</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-149-89</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">36D74C5F00155768B212937AD9DB0B1B</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164479451" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F93E9EA8D5135C159F6D8E503E4040E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F93E9EA8D5135C159F6D8E503E4040E8" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName LSID="F93E9EA8-D513-5C15-9F6D-8E503E4040E8" authority="J. Calvo &amp; A. Moreira" authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; A. Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio festucoides" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="festucoides" status="sp. nov.">Senecio festucoides J.Calvo &amp; A.Moreira</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="89">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Senecio festucoides A involucral bracts and florets B supplementary bracts C, D capitula E habit F habitat (black arrow shows a capitulum amongst a tuft of Festuca chrysophylla). Pictures by Joel Calvo at the locus classicus (between Machuca and El Tatio, San Pedro de Atacama, Antofagasta, Chile)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417165" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A-C Senecio festucoides (left hand; Calvo 8120) and S. scorzonerifolius (right hand; Calvo 8114) D Senecio scorzonerifolius (Calvo 8114) A capitula (white arrows show the supplementary bracts; black arrows show the peduncle bracts) B florets C habit D leaves and capitula (notice leaf dimorphism). Pictures by Joel Calvo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417166" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">, 2A-C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
The new species mainly differs from its morphologically closest species 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the yellow corollas, yellowish anthers and style branches, glabrous leaves, long peduncles with 1-3 linear bracts, and by having (17-)21 involucral bracts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Chile.</emphasis>
Antofagasta: San Pedro de Atacama, Machuca, 4 km antes de la entrada a los 
<normalizedToken originalValue="géisers">geisers</normalizedToken>
del Tatio, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-22.383333">22°23'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="1" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.01667">68°1'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4375 m, 27 Feb 2020, fl. and fr., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">J. Calvo 8120</emphasis>
(holotype: SGO; isotypes: CONC, MA, US).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Perennial not self-supporting herb, rarely decumbent, with a thin rhizome. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Stem</emphasis>
15-25 cm tall, 1.8-2.5 mm wide, rather terete, branched in the lower part, weak. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Leaves</emphasis>
alternate, narrowly linear (leaf width/length ratio 0.01-0.03), 41-78 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm wide, apex acute, base sessile (uniform in width), margin entire and flat (rarely with a few distant teeth), elliptic in cross section (rather flat when dried), glabrous on both surfaces, yellowish green, with a graminoid appearance. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Capitula</emphasis>
discoid, solitary, terminal, pedunculate; peduncle 5-6 cm long, glabrous, with 1-3 linear bracts up to 6 mm long. 
<taxonomicName genus="Involucre" lsidName="Involucre" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Involucre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
12-14 mm long, 8-10 mm wide (in living plants); involucral bracts (17-)21, oblong-lanceolate, 10-11 mm long, 1.2-2 mm wide, acute to attenuate at the apex, smooth, glabrous, blackish-tipped; supplementary bracts (3-) 5-8, linear, 3.9-6 mm long, 0.9-1.1 mm wide, smooth, a third as long as the involucral bracts, glabrous, blackish-tipped. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Florets</emphasis>
85-95, hermaphrodite; corolla tubular, 7.5-8.8 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm wide, 5-lobed, the limb usually longer than the tube, yellow. Anthers yellowish; anther appendages 2-3 times longer than wide, ca. 0.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2 mm; anther bases auriculate; filament collar balusterform. Style branches truncate with a crown of sweeping hairs, yellowish. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Achenes</emphasis>
4.2-5.3 mm long, 0.9-1 mm wide, 8-10 ribbed, minutely papillose, brownish; pappus 7.5-9 mm long, barbellate, whitish. Chromosome number: unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Chile (Antofagasta, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarapacá">Tarapaca</normalizedToken>
). Considering the proximity of both populations to the Bolivian territory and the presence of similar environments across the border, its presence in this latter country is likely. It thrives in exposed grassy slopes and plains of the desertic Puna ecoregion, between elevations of 4325-4550 m (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution area of Senecio festucoides (red cross) and S. scorzonerifolius (open circle) in Chile. Abbreviations: ARG (Argentina), BOL (Bolivia), CH (Chile), and PER (Peru)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417167" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; A. Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio festucoides" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Senecio festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows amongst tufts of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Phil" authorityYear="1891" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca chrysophylla" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Festuca chrysophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Phil. (
<taxonomicName family="Poaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) [= 
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. orthophylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="orthophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">F. orthophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pilg. according to 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432013000100001" author="Ospina, JC" journalOrPublisher="Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Ospina, JC, Aliscioni, SS, Denham, SS, 2013. Estudios taxonomicos en el genero Festuca L. (Poaceae) de Argentina y Chile. Gayana. Botanica 70 (1): 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432013000100001" title="Estudios taxonomicos en el genero Festuca L. (Poaceae) de Argentina y Chile. Gayana." url="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432013000100001" volume="70" year="2013">Ospina et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
] (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Senecio festucoides A involucral bracts and florets B supplementary bracts C, D capitula E habit F habitat (black arrow shows a capitulum amongst a tuft of Festuca chrysophylla). Pictures by Joel Calvo at the locus classicus (between Machuca and El Tatio, San Pedro de Atacama, Antofagasta, Chile)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417165" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1F</figureCitation>
); indeed, the tufts provide support for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stems, which are not self-supporting. If the new species is not in flower, it is difficult to detect because its leaves are easily confused with those of 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Festuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Senecio festucoides A involucral bracts and florets B supplementary bracts C, D capitula E habit F habitat (black arrow shows a capitulum amongst a tuft of Festuca chrysophylla). Pictures by Joel Calvo at the locus classicus (between Machuca and El Tatio, San Pedro de Atacama, Antofagasta, Chile)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417165" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1C, D</figureCitation>
). The following species were observed in the same habitat: 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Astragalus minimus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Astragalus minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vogel (
<taxonomicName family="Leguminosae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Phil" authorityYear="1860" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Mulinum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mulinum crassifolium" order="Apiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Mulinum crassifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Phil. (
<taxonomicName family="Apiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1954" baseAuthorityName="Meyen" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Parastrephia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parastrephia quadrangularis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadrangularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Parastrephia quadrangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Meyen) Cabrera (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1841" family="Compositae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="family">Compositae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Remy" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Pycnophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pycnophyllum tetrastichum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetrastichum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pycnophyllum tetrastichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rémy">Remy</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName family="Caryophyllaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyen &amp; Walp" authorityYear="1843" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio scorzonerifolius" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Senecio scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Phil" authorityYear="1891" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Werneria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Werneria glaberrima" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaberrima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Werneria glaberrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Phil. (
<taxonomicName family="Compositae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="family">Compositae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417165" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; A. Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio festucoides" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Senecio festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
involucral bracts and florets 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
supplementary bracts 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C, D</emphasis>
capitula 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">F</emphasis>
habitat (black arrow shows a capitulum amongst a tuft of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Phil" authorityYear="1891" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca chrysophylla" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Festuca chrysophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Pictures by Joel Calvo at the 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">locus classicus</emphasis>
(between Machuca and El Tatio, San Pedro de Atacama, Antofagasta, Chile).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Collected in flower from January to March.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
The epithet 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bech" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Bertol." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="festucoides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the conspicuous resemblance of the leaves to those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Phil" authorityYear="1891" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca chrysophylla" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Festuca chrysophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, amongst which the new species grows.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Thus far, the new species is only known from two locations and has an extent of occurrence of ca. 2000 km2. This would fit the category Endangered (EN) according to the B1a criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B9" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1, second edition. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1, second edition. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge." year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
). However, it is preliminarily assigned to the category Near Threatened (NT) considering that further data on distribution and population dynamics are essential to firmly establish that the species is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; A. Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio festucoides" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Senecio festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows morphological affinities with the sympatric species 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution area of Senecio festucoides (red cross) and S. scorzonerifolius (open circle) in Chile. Abbreviations: ARG (Argentina), BOL (Bolivia), CH (Chile), and PER (Peru)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417167" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">3</figureCitation>
), which is known from southern Peru, western Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, and northern Chile. Although these species have a similar appearance, they belong to different subgroups within the discoid caespitose Andean 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Senecio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. the new species is a member of the subgroup displaying yellow corollas and yellowish anthers and style branches whereas 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the subgroup with white corollas and blackish anthers and style branches (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A-C Senecio festucoides (left hand; Calvo 8120) and S. scorzonerifolius (right hand; Calvo 8114) D Senecio scorzonerifolius (Calvo 8114) A capitula (white arrows show the supplementary bracts; black arrows show the peduncle bracts) B florets C habit D leaves and capitula (notice leaf dimorphism). Pictures by Joel Calvo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417166" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">2B</figureCitation>
). They also differ in leaf indumentum (glabrous in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. densely to barely arachnoid, rarely almost glabrous in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), peduncle bract type (linear bracts up to 6 mm long in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. leaf-like bracts up to 30 mm long that gradually decrease in size upwards in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A-C Senecio festucoides (left hand; Calvo 8120) and S. scorzonerifolius (right hand; Calvo 8114) D Senecio scorzonerifolius (Calvo 8114) A capitula (white arrows show the supplementary bracts; black arrows show the peduncle bracts) B florets C habit D leaves and capitula (notice leaf dimorphism). Pictures by Joel Calvo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417166" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">2A</figureCitation>
), involucral bract number and length ((17-)21, 10-11 mm in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. (9)13-15, 8-9 mm in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), supplementary bract length (3.9-6 mm, a third as long as the involucral bracts in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. 6-8 mm, a half to two thirds as long as the involucral bracts in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A-C Senecio festucoides (left hand; Calvo 8120) and S. scorzonerifolius (right hand; Calvo 8114) D Senecio scorzonerifolius (Calvo 8114) A capitula (white arrows show the supplementary bracts; black arrows show the peduncle bracts) B florets C habit D leaves and capitula (notice leaf dimorphism). Pictures by Joel Calvo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417166" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">2A</figureCitation>
), and achene indumentum (minutely papillose in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. papillose in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Moreover, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has longer stems and does not develop crowded tufts as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually does (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A-C Senecio festucoides (left hand; Calvo 8120) and S. scorzonerifolius (right hand; Calvo 8114) D Senecio scorzonerifolius (Calvo 8114) A capitula (white arrows show the supplementary bracts; black arrows show the peduncle bracts) B florets C habit D leaves and capitula (notice leaf dimorphism). Pictures by Joel Calvo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417166" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">2C, D</figureCitation>
). In living plants, their leaf color is also different (yellowish green in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. dark green in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A-C Senecio festucoides (left hand; Calvo 8120) and S. scorzonerifolius (right hand; Calvo 8114) D Senecio scorzonerifolius (Calvo 8114) A capitula (white arrows show the supplementary bracts; black arrows show the peduncle bracts) B florets C habit D leaves and capitula (notice leaf dimorphism). Pictures by Joel Calvo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417166" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">2C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417166" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A-C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; A. Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio festucoides" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Senecio festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(left hand; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Calvo 8120</emphasis>
) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(right hand; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Calvo 8114</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyen &amp; Walp" authorityYear="1843" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio scorzonerifolius" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Senecio scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Calvo 8114</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
capitula (white arrows show the supplementary bracts; black arrows show the peduncle bracts) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
florets 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
leaves and capitula (notice leaf dimorphism). Pictures by Joel Calvo.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
The leaf shape of the new species might lead any botanist to confuse it with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bolivarianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bolivarianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. bolivarianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cuatrec., a species endemic to Peru known from Ancash to Moquegua (
<bibRefCitation author="Beltran, A" journalOrPublisher="Arnaldoa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="395 - 412" refId="B1" refString="Beltran, A, Roque, J, 2015. El genero Senecio L. (Asteraceae - Senecioneae) en el departamento de Lima, Peru. Arnaldoa 22 (2): 395 - 412" title="El genero Senecio L. (Asteraceae - Senecioneae) en el departamento de Lima, Peru." volume="22" year="2015">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Beltrán">Beltran</normalizedToken>
and Roque 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). They can be readily differentiated by the abaxial leaf surface (densely silky-villous except for the midrib in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bolivarianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bolivarianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. bolivarianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. glabrous in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), leaf margin (revolute in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bolivarianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bolivarianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. bolivarianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. flat in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), leaf base (broadened into a sheath-like base that bears long silky trichomes in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bolivarianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bolivarianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. bolivarianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. uniform in width and glabrous in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and number of supplementary bracts (12-16 in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bolivarianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bolivarianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. bolivarianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. (3-)5-8 in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Moreover, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bolivarianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bolivarianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. bolivarianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has linear to narrowly lanceolate leaves rather than narrowly linear as in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
It should be noted that 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. festucoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by its narrowly linear, entire leaves but we also observed a few specimens displaying both entire and distantly dentate leaves. Such leaf dimorphism is usual in other related species such as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. digitatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="digitatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. digitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Phil. (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.132.38534" author="Calvo, J" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="111 - 130" refId="B8" refString="Calvo, J, Granda, A, Funk, VA, 2019. New combinations and synonyms in discoid caespitose Andean Senecio (Senecioneae, Compositae). PhytoKeys 132: 111 - 130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.132.38534" title="New combinations and synonyms in discoid caespitose Andean Senecio (Senecioneae, Compositae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.132.38534" volume="132" year="2019">Calvo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Cabrera, AL" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="79 - 217" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23218127" refId="B5" refString="Cabrera, AL, 1985. El genero Senecio (Compositae) en Bolivia. Darwiniana 26: 79 - 217, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23218127" title="El genero Senecio (Compositae) en Bolivia." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23218127" volume="26" year="1985">Cabrera 1985</bibRefCitation>
; Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A-C Senecio festucoides (left hand; Calvo 8120) and S. scorzonerifolius (right hand; Calvo 8114) D Senecio scorzonerifolius (Calvo 8114) A capitula (white arrows show the supplementary bracts; black arrows show the peduncle bracts) B florets C habit D leaves and capitula (notice leaf dimorphism). Pictures by Joel Calvo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417166" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.149.52297.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/417167" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Distribution area of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; A. Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio festucoides" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Senecio festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red cross) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. scorzonerifolius" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(open circle) in Chile. Abbreviations: ARG (Argentina), BOL (Bolivia), CH (Chile), and PER (Peru).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Calvo &amp; A. Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio festucoides" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="festucoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Senecio festucoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(paratypes). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Chile. Antofagasta</emphasis>
: Loa, San Pedro de Atacama, Machuca-El Tatio, ca. 6.2 km al S de El Tatio, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-22.383333">22°23'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="1" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.01667">68°1'W</geoCoordinate>
, 5 Mar 2019, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">J. Calvo 7925</emphasis>
(SGO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarapacá">Tarapaca</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Collahuasi, quebrada San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nicolás">Nicolas</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-20.983334">20°59'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.65">68°39'W</geoCoordinate>
, 22 Jan 1994, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">S. Teillier 3296</emphasis>
(SGO).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyen &amp; Walp" authorityYear="1843" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio scorzonerifolius" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scorzonerifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Senecio scorzonerifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Bolivia. Oruro</emphasis>
: Sabaya, parte alta del Pumire, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-19.0">19°0'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.416664">68°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 7 Feb 2019, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">J. Calvo 7838</emphasis>
(LPB); cerro Cabaray [Carabaya], faldeos, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-19.15">19°9'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.7">68°42'W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 Mar 1982, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
C. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Villagrán">Villagran</normalizedToken>
&amp; M.T.K. Arroyo 4209
</emphasis>
(CONC); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: cordillera Kari Kari, aprox. 3.3 km arriba de la laguna San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sebastián">Sebastian</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-19.6">19°36'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.683334">65°41'W</geoCoordinate>
, 13 Feb 2019, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
J. Calvo &amp; M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zárate">Zarate</normalizedToken>
7868
</emphasis>
(BOLV); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Frías">Frias</normalizedToken>
, between laguna Lobato and laguna Chalvira, cordillera Kari Kari, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-19.633333">19°38'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.7">65°42'W</geoCoordinate>
, 6 Mar 1999, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">J.R.I. Wood 14596</emphasis>
(K). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Chile. Antofagasta</emphasis>
: Loa, San Pedro de Atacama, Toconao, quebrada Aguas Blancas, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.283333">23°17'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.7">67°42'W</geoCoordinate>
, 22 Feb 2001, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">M. Ackermann 93</emphasis>
(SGO); cerro Nevados de Poquis, ladera SO, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.066668">23°4'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.066666">67°4'W</geoCoordinate>
, 9 Apr 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
M.T.K. Arroyo, L. Cavieres &amp; A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Humaña">Humana</normalizedToken>
97367
</emphasis>
(CONC); cerro 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Miñiques">Miniques</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.766666">23°46'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.76667">67°46'W</geoCoordinate>
, 9 Mar 1993, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">G. Baumann 192</emphasis>
(CONC); quebrada al lado sur del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Lascar, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.383333">23°23'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.8">67°48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 14 Feb 1994, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">G. Baumann 351</emphasis>
(CONC); Machuca-El Tatio, ca. 4.2 km al S de El Tatio, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-22.366667">22°22'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="1" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.01667">68°1'W</geoCoordinate>
, 5 Mar 2019, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">J. Calvo 7923</emphasis>
(CONC, SGO); Machuca, 4.1 km antes de la entrada a los 
<normalizedToken originalValue="géisers">geisers</normalizedToken>
del Tatio, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-22.383333">22°23'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="1" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.01667">68°1'W</geoCoordinate>
, 27 Feb 2020, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">J. Calvo 8114</emphasis>
(SGO); Toconao, 57 km pass, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.6">23°36'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.85">67°51'W</geoCoordinate>
, 27 Jan 1971, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">H. Ellenberg 4230</emphasis>
(US); inter Aguas Calientes et Socaire, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.766666">23°46'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.78333">67°47'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1 Feb 1885, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">F. Philippi s.n.</emphasis>
(LP, SGO; type material of the later heterotypic synonym 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senecio armeriifolius" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armeriifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Senecio armeriifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Phil.); quebrada Tatio, 15 Feb 1943, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E. Pisano &amp; J. Venturelli 1879</emphasis>
(CONC, SGO); laguna de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Miñique">Minique</normalizedToken>
, entre los cerros 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Miñique">Minique</normalizedToken>
y Miscanti, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.766666">23°46'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.78333">67°47'W</geoCoordinate>
, 24 Feb 1943, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E. Pisano &amp; J. Venturelli 1968</emphasis>
(SGO); trayecto entre Talabre y laguna 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lejía">Lejia</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.416666">23°25'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.78333">67°47'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2 Apr 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
C. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Villagrán">Villagran</normalizedToken>
, F. Hinojosa &amp; C. Latorre 9315
</emphasis>
(CONC); Taltal, cord. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Llullaillaco, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-24.633333">24°38'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.566666">68°34'W</geoCoordinate>
, Feb 1926, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E. Werdermann 1029</emphasis>
(CONC); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Arica-Parinacota</emphasis>
: camino entre Putre y Pacollo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-18.183332">18°11'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.51667">69°31'W</geoCoordinate>
, 17 Apr 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">M.T.K. Arroyo 84-887</emphasis>
(CONC); rt. A23 from rt. 11 NW to Tacora, near intersection of rt. A23 &amp; A125, slopes of Co. de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarapacá">Tarapaca</normalizedToken>
, 17.6 km from rt. 11, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-18.066668">18°4'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.53333">69°32'W</geoCoordinate>
, 7 Mar 2014, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados &amp; J.M. Bonifacino 13111</emphasis>
(US); camino de Putre a Chucuyo, km 8, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-18.166666">18°10'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.5">69°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, 12 Feb 1964, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. Marticorena, O. Matthei &amp; M. Quezada 179</emphasis>
(CONC); lagunas de Cotacotani, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-18.2">18°12'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.21667">69°13'W</geoCoordinate>
, 13 Feb 1964, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C. Marticorena, O. Matthei &amp; M. Quezada 236</emphasis>
(CONC); cerro Guane-Guane, ladera W, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-18.166666">18°10'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.26667">69°16'W</geoCoordinate>
, 18 Mar 2015, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moreira-Muñoz">Moreira-Munoz</normalizedToken>
&amp; F. Luebert 2423
</emphasis>
(SGO); portezuelo de Putre, laderas de los cerros, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-18.2">18°12'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.333336">69°20'W</geoCoordinate>
, 6 May 1972, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">M. Ricardi, E. Weldt &amp; M. Quezada 237</emphasis>
(CONC); Parinacota, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-18.2">18°12'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.26667">69°16'W</geoCoordinate>
, 29 Mar 1961, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">M. Ricardi, C. Marticorena &amp; O. Matthei 291</emphasis>
(CONC); cerros de Parinacota, 28 Feb 1948, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">F. Sudzuki 486</emphasis>
(SGO); Caquena, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-18.05">18°3'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.2">69°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1 Feb 1970, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
O. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zöllner">Zoellner</normalizedToken>
5321
</emphasis>
(CONC); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarapacá">Tarapaca</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Iquique, Collahuasi (Ujina), 
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-20.966667">20°58'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.61667">68°37'W</geoCoordinate>
, 24 Mar 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B.J. Ruthsatz 8429</emphasis>
(CONC). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Peru. Moquegua</emphasis>
: minera Quellaveco, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.1">17°6'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.6">70°36'W</geoCoordinate>
, 27 Jan 1971, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">ESCO 7240</emphasis>
(US).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>