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<document id="94C2E0CC7370A7A7AC2C300F1CEA4778" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930500239702" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5220061" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629351811177" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2005" docId="D71096006D40080FFE173E79B85012A6" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.39.32.2997-3011.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 39 (32)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930500239702" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8.4:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Botryllocarpa elongata Kott 1990" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="3010" masterDocId="2B29EE786D4C0801FFB83D2ABB01115E" masterDocTitle="Novel Australian Polyzoinae (Styelidae, Tunicata)" masterLastPageNumber="3011" masterPageNumber="2997" pageNumber="3008" updateTime="1699069105378" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DC20F6517792606C4A9D329A6873A1F9">Novel Australian Polyzoinae (Styelidae, Tunicata)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2EBD04661D43947C640E520AE1E39CB5">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="96AB8C65636A13E23E9E2C4D965CA976">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6CEB713BAB0A27D9609396A2B9548F36">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A93D657A56127A9F7C9E3832D4697EFE">2005-09-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D9A2B9DAC33D34E085A28507B0390A9F">39</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6B4C6C2094C840FFBB7AAB0C7DFC9C73">32</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C1D811E6A1A0635C56FB5463916F8797">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5E2DF8B2EE381A0C3DCA25FFF96F0B6E" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930500239702</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="93B08AB26F26F433FD8484488B499167" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D71096006D40080FFE173E79B85012A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D71096006D40080FFE173E79B85012A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D71096006D40080FFE173E79B85012A6" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="3010" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">
<subSubSection id="17A3749D6D40080DFE173E79B8621235" box="[431,867,851,875]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5F0627166D40080DFE173E79B8621235" blockId="12.[152,867,851,941]" box="[431,867,851,875]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">
<heading id="044E907A6D40080DFE173E79B8621235" box="[431,867,851,875]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D40080DFE173E79B8621235" ID-CoL="MPM6" authority="Kott, 1990" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1990" box="[431,867,851,875]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botryllocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D40080DFE173E79B9D81235" bold="true" box="[431,729,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">Botryllocarpa elongata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D40080DFD593E79B8621235" author="Kott P" box="[737,867,851,875]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" pagination="267 - 298" refId="ref7349" refString="Kott P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia, supplement. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 267 - 298." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17A3749D6D40080FFD973E5EB85012A6" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="3010" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" type="description">
<paragraph id="5F0627166D40080DFD973E5EB96B12F3" blockId="12.[152,867,851,941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">
(
<figureCitation id="C7823B936D40080DFD8F3E5EB9A412D2" box="[567,677,884,908]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[217,277,1663,1682]" captionTargetBox="[315,984,1210,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-325@12.[314,985,1209,1627]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Botryllocarpa elongata (SAM E3232). (A) Zooid; (B) gut loop. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220069/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">Figures 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C7823B936D40080DFD0B3E5EB9DB12D2" box="[691,730,884,908]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[138,198,1094,1113]" captionTargetBox="[343,980,133,1058]" captionTargetId="figure-200@13.[343,981,132,1058]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. In situ images. (A) Polyandrocarpa colemani (QM G308755) (photograph: Merrick Ekins); (B) Oculinaria australis (SAM E3267) (photograph: K. Gowlett Holmes); (C) Stolonica vermiculata (QM G308756) (photograph: Neville Coleman); (D) Botryllocarpa elongata (SAM E3232) (photograph: K. Gowlett Holmes)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220071/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">5D</figureCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D40080DFF203EBFB96712F3" authority="Kott 1990, p 283" authorityName="Kott" authorityPageNumber="283" authorityYear="1990" box="[152,614,917,941]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botryllocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D40080DFF203EBFBA8D12F3" box="[152,396,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">Botryllocarpa elongata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D40080DFE2D3EBFB91012F3" author="Kott P" box="[405,529,917,941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" pagination="267 - 298" refId="ref7349" refString="Kott P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia, supplement. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 267 - 298." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott 1990</bibRefCitation>
, p 283
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F0627166D40080DFFC53ECFBBFC12A3" blockId="12.[125,253,997,1021]" box="[125,253,997,1021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D40080DFFC53ECFBBFC12A3" box="[125,253,997,1021]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F0627166D40080DFFC5393CB8871511" blockId="12.[125,1172,1046,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">
<materialsCitation id="EFD12D4B6D40080DFFC5393CB8801511" collectionCode="SAM" collectorName="Previously &amp; Phillip I." county="New" elevation="13" location="Waterfall Bay" municipality="Peninsula" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" specimenCode="E3232" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasmania">
<collectingCounty id="B6675F9A6D40080DFFC5393CBBB21570" box="[125,179,1046,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">New</collectingCounty>
record:
<collectingRegion id="9D7DE9F46D40080DFEA3393CBA8C1570" box="[283,397,1046,1070]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="9D7DE9F46D40080DFE18393CB9001570" box="[416,513,1046,1070]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">Tasman</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="BF62BD6C6D40080DFDB4393CB9811570" box="[524,640,1046,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">Peninsula</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="5A6671CD6D40080DFD37393CB8321570" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D71096006D40080FFE173E79B85012A6:5A6671CD6D40080DFD37393CB8321570" box="[655,819,1046,1070]" county="New" municipality="Peninsula" name="Waterfall Bay" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" stateProvince="Tasmania">Waterfall Bay</location>
, on rock wall
<quantity id="98418AF36D40080DFC58393CBF461570" box="[992,1095,1046,1070]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">
<elevation id="D494C0256D40080DFC58393CBF461570" box="[992,1095,1046,1070]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectionCode id="39A8BFD36D40080DFBEE393CBF951570" box="[1110,1172,1046,1070]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">SAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="0F1F8F6D6D40080DFFC5391DBBD11511" box="[125,208,1079,1103]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">E3232</specimenCode>
).
<collectorName id="F24C42C06D40080DFF5D391DBA5D1511" box="[229,348,1079,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">Previously</collectorName>
recorded (see
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D40080DFDB3391DB98B1511" author="Kott P" box="[523,650,1079,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" pagination="267 - 298" refId="ref7349" refString="Kott P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia, supplement. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 267 - 298." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott 1990</bibRefCitation>
):
<collectingRegion id="9D7DE9F46D40080DFD27391DB9FA1511" box="[671,763,1079,1103]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">Victoria</collectingRegion>
(
<collectorName id="F24C42C06D40080DFCB4391DB8741511" box="[780,885,1079,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">Phillip I.</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0BC6779E6D40080DFF613B55BF3B17CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5220069" box="[217,1082,1663,1682]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220069/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" startId="12.[217,277,1663,1682]" targetBox="[315,984,1210,1625]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="5F0627166D40080DFF613B55BF3B17CC" blockId="12.[217,1082,1663,1682]" box="[217,1082,1663,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D40080DFE813B55BAFD17CC" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1990" box="[313,508,1663,1682]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botryllocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D40080DFE813B55BAFD17CC" box="[313,508,1663,1682]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="3008">Botryllocarpa elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM E3232). (A) Zooid; (B) gut loop. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0BC6779E6D41080CFF32396CBF0215D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220071" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5220071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220071/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009" startId="13.[138,198,1094,1113]" targetBox="[343,980,133,1058]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="5F0627166D41080CFF32396CBF0215D0" blockId="13.[138,1186,1094,1166]" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009">
Figure 5. In situ images. (A)
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D41080CFE2F396CB96F1507" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[407,622,1094,1113]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polyandrocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colemani">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D41080CFE2F396CB96F1507" box="[407,622,1094,1113]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009">Polyandrocarpa colemani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(QM G308755) (photograph: Merrick Ekins); (B)
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D41080CFBFC396CBBD3152A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1868" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Oculinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D41080CFBFC396CBBD3152A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009">Oculinaria australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM E3267) (photograph: K. Gowlett Holmes); (C)
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D41080CFD77394BB889152A" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2005" box="[719,904,1121,1140]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Stolonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D41080CFD77394BB889152A" box="[719,904,1121,1140]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009">Stolonica vermiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(QM G308756) (photograph: Neville Coleman); (D)
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D41080CFEDD3951B92915D0" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1990" box="[357,552,1147,1166]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botryllocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D41080CFEDD3951B92915D0" box="[357,552,1147,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009">Botryllocarpa elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM E3232) (photograph: K. Gowlett Holmes).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5F0627166D41080CFF3239E0BA0215BC" blockId="13.[138,259,1226,1250]" box="[138,259,1226,1250]" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D41080CFF3239E0BA0215BC" box="[138,259,1226,1250]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F0627166D41080CFF3239D1B8DB17CB" blockId="13.[138,1185,1275,1685]" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009">
The newly recorded colony consists of elongate, transparent heads containing one to three transversely orientated zooids, each head attached to a basal stolon by a short, narrow thread-like stalk. Zooids are spherical, about
<quantity id="98418AF36D41080CFD283811B9D0140D" box="[656,721,1339,1363]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="3009" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
diameter, delicate and transparent. The apertures are minute and appear to be smooth-rimmed. They open directly to the exterior on short siphons, the branchial aperture from near the undersurface of the head and the atrial aperture uppermost. Circular muscles can be seen around the apertures but were not detected on the rest of the body. The branchial sac has three internal longitudinal vessels per side, seven rows of about 18 stigmata per row and three to four stigmata per mesh. The gut forms an almost horizontal loop across the posterior end of the left side of the body. The barrel-shaped stomach has eight longitudinal folds and a caecum that arises as a narrow tube, crosses the outside of the distal end of the stomach and expands into a rounded knob in the gut loop. A large egg is attached to the atrial wall on the left side of the body, anterior to the gut loop. A testis was not detected in these zooids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F0627166D42080FFFC53DA3BBDD11FF" blockId="14.[125,220,137,161]" box="[125,220,137,161]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D42080FFFC53DA3BBDD11FF" box="[125,220,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F0627166D42080FFFC53D93BBE910CC" blockId="14.[125,1173,185,1016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">
The newly recorded specimens have been assigned to this little known genus on the basis of its separately opening apertures, its flat branchial sac with only three internal longitudinal vessels, and only one single sex (female) gonad on the left side of the body. The absence of male gonads may be either because individuals are dioecious or, more likely, the gonads are ephemeral as they so often appear to be in this subfamily. In the
<typeStatus id="800299B46D42080FFC183C10B8D0100C" box="[928,977,314,338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">type</typeStatus>
specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D42080FFBE43C10BBBD102C" author="Kott P" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" pagination="267 - 298" refId="ref7349" refString="Kott P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia, supplement. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 267 - 298." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott 1990</bibRefCitation>
), a single, lobed male follicle is on each side of each zooid and female gonads were not detected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F0627166D42080FFF203CB1B960134A" blockId="14.[125,1173,185,1016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">
The only other known
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFE1C3CB1B95F10ED" box="[420,606,411,435]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botryllocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D42080FFE1C3CB1B93410ED" box="[420,565,411,435]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">Botryllocarpa</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
is the
<typeStatus id="800299B46D42080FFD153CB1B9DF10ED" box="[685,734,411,435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFCFE3CB6BF5510ED" authority="(Pizon, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Pizon" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[838,1108,411,435]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botryllocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D42080FFCFE3CB6B8AD10ED" box="[838,940,411,435]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">B. viridis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D42080FFC043CB1BF4A10ED" author="Pizon A" box="[956,1099,411,435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" pagination="195 - 240" refId="ref7537" refString="Pizon A. 1908. Ascidies d'Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 16: 195 - 240." type="journal article" year="1908">Pizon, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="27AE67866D42080FFFC53C91BBEF108D" box="[125,238,443,467]" name="Indonesia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and the Pacific coast of
<collectingCountry id="27AE67866D42080FFDAD3C91B995108D" box="[533,660,443,467]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D42080FFD6D3C91B852108D" author="Kott P" box="[725,851,443,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" pagination="267 - 298" refId="ref7349" refString="Kott P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia, supplement. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 267 - 298." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott 1990</bibRefCitation>
), which is reported to have fewer testis lobes and more stomach folds than the present species and a separate male and a female gonad on each side of the body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F0627166D42080FFF203F37BA1F1248" blockId="14.[125,1173,185,1016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">
The related genus
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFECB3F37B9DF136B" authority="Michaelsen, 1904" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1904" box="[371,734,541,565]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Chorizocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D42080FFECB3F37B904136B" box="[371,517,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">Chorizocarpa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D42080FFDB63F37B9DF136B" author="Michaelsen W" box="[526,734,541,565]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref7446" refString="Michaelsen W. 1904. Revision der compositen Styeliden oder Polyzoinen. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 21 (2): 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1904">Michaelsen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D42080FFCA43F37B896136B" author="Kott P" box="[796,919,541,565]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref7323" refString="Kott P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
) is known from three species,
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFF5A3F17B94C130B" authority="Herdman, 1891" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1891" box="[226,589,573,597]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Chorizocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sydneyensis">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D42080FFF5A3F17BA83130B" box="[226,386,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">C. sydneyensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D42080FFE373F17B94C130B" author="Herdman WA" box="[399,589,573,597]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" pagination="558 - 652" refId="ref7240" refString="Herdman WA. 1891. A revised classification of the Tunicata, with definitions of the orders, sub-orders, families, sub-families and genera, and analytical keys to the species. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 23: 558 - 652." type="journal article" year="1891">Herdman, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="9D7DE9F46D42080FFD253F17B876130B" box="[669,887,573,597]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
to the tropical western Pacific,
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFF643F77B929132B" authority="Michaelsen, 1904" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1904" box="[220,552,605,629]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Chorizocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D42080FFF643F77BA4F132B" box="[220,334,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">C. guttata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D42080FFEEF3F77B929132B" author="Michaelsen W" box="[343,552,605,629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref7446" refString="Michaelsen W. 1904. Revision der compositen Styeliden oder Polyzoinen. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 21 (2): 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1904">Michaelsen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="9D7DE9F46D42080FFDCA3F77B84B132B" box="[626,842,605,629]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
, and
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFC343F77BBC313CB" authority="(Sluiter, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Chorizocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelseni">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D42080FFC343F77BF2D132B" box="[908,1068,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">C. michaelseni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D42080FFB853F77BBB813CB" author="Sluiter CP" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref7586" refString="Sluiter CP. 1909. Die Tunicaten der Siboga Expedition Pt. 2. Die merosomen Ascidien. Siboga Expeditie 56 B: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1909">Sluiter, 1909</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Torres Strait. Like
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFDA53F57B9AF13CB" authorityName="Hartmeyer" authorityYear="1909" box="[541,686,637,661]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botryllocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D42080FFDA53F57B9AF13CB" box="[541,686,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">Botryllocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFD533F57B86C13CB" box="[747,877,637,661]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Botryllinae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Botryllinae</taxonomicName>
, the genus also has three internal longitudinal branchial vessels and similar colonies. However, unlike the present genus, all three of the known species of
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFDC73F97B810138B" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1904" box="[639,785,701,725]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Chorizocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D42080FFDC73F97B810138B" box="[639,785,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">Chorizocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are reported to have only one unisexual gonad on each side, the female on the right and the male on the left (anterior to the gut loop).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F0627166D42080FFF203E35B85012A6" blockId="14.[125,1173,185,1016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D42080FFF203E35BA221269" author="Kott P" box="[152,291,799,823]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" pagination="267 - 298" refId="ref7349" refString="Kott P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia, supplement. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 267 - 298." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott (1990)</bibRefCitation>
appears to have overlooked the unusual origin of the stomach caecum from a suture line along the outer or postero-ventral edge of the stomach, which makes a rightangled bend across the distal end of the stomach (across its longitudinal axis) and terminates in a spherical bulb in the pole of the gut loop. The caecum is similar to that found in some species of the
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFE693EB5B94E12E9" box="[465,591,927,951]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Botryllinae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Botryllinae</taxonomicName>
and in
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFD123EB5BF5F12E9" authority="Sluiter, 1909" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1909" box="[682,1118,927,951]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Chorizocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelseni">
<emphasis id="6DCDFB046D42080FFD123EB5B8BE12E9" box="[682,959,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010">Chorizocarpa michaelseni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D42080FFC7F3EB5BF5F12E9" author="Sluiter CP" box="[967,1118,927,951]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref7586" refString="Sluiter CP. 1909. Die Tunicaten der Siboga Expedition Pt. 2. Die merosomen Ascidien. Siboga Expeditie 56 B: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1909">Sluiter, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="3B285AE76D42080FFFC53E95BBFA1289" author="Kott P" box="[125,251,959,983]" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" pagination="267 - 298" refId="ref7349" refString="Kott P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia, supplement. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 267 - 298." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Although the present genus has similar gonads to some species of
<taxonomicName id="98B95C956D42080FFBB63E95BF911289" box="[1038,1168,959,983]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Botryllinae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="14" pageNumber="3010" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Botryllinae</taxonomicName>
, it is distinguished by the absence of common cloacal systems.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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