1283 lines
195 KiB
XML
1283 lines
195 KiB
XML
<document id="664A81A3EF6804E7DF758063C3F8A3DD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199203" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2469188b-2d78-4c11-81a4-56bad59f04bb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199203" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460330740384" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wägele, Heike, Stemmer, Kristina, Burghardt, Ingo & Händeler, Katharina" docDate="2010" docId="C72BF37DE828874805ADED72FDCEA8D3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02676p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2676" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ercolania annelyleorum Wägele, Stemmer, Burghardt & Händeler, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="3B128B05E82C8746053AEE5FFFEAAF0E" masterDocTitle="Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698258711827" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="82D30D4030AE4327055C56B763C12A80">Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="986A2F131D65A55F80994E95C0EF6567">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6852F8116A0C54971AAE141CDBC864C2">Wägele, Heike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CCE944A444058E843EA5BD6D4DB17B7A">Stemmer, Kristina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="721ED6E7DB0A72BACC51EDEE4C813BDF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="22EF0B5F1825E22635FDAD6F626D5C31">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8A65E21BBC604BBD4DCC0AFBBDDDBC83">Burghardt, Ingo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="DABBE3A969358B93EFF1530E58B7934E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="32A21A01A47DAEA673CEF60B379E701B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="01BA174560B814C6FC5B0CFCFBA916A0">Händeler, Katharina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="50E91DE6655D8B8979F3BF721C755D59">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F3607CEE8F677F7C9A363904C6F91144">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="71771EB5BE476E1FFEC82DAAEF14FD94">
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<mods:date id="73F9E51E51FD8237D591478FEAEAE00D">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FD410747AB364FE6D032A9156E87D336" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8CAF8934757287B55BE0186F82C2CD52">2676</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="51EBF1F879006B47D73AC35F98CFB109" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.199203</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7C58C554206E1F2F49D7DE75DF960D75" type="GBIF-Dataset">2469188b-2d78-4c11-81a4-56bad59f04bb</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3A4B6FF4339CFE2BDA216F82EDCAD8BE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C72BF37DE828874805ADED72FDCEA8D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204671" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119404466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C72BF37DE828874805ADED72FDCEA8D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C72BF37DE828874805ADED72FDCEA8D3" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="079811E0E828874205ADED72FDC9AC49" box="[151,547,813,839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4F3D426BE828874205ADED72FDC9AC49" blockId="4.[151,547,813,839]" box="[151,547,813,839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="1475F507E828874205ADED72FDC9AC49" bold="true" box="[151,547,813,839]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E828874205ADED72FDC9AC49" bold="true" box="[151,547,813,839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E828874205ADED72FE55AC49" ID-CoL="6GBHL" box="[151,447,813,839]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E828874205ADED72FE55AC49" bold="true" box="[151,447,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E828874204FFED72FDC9AC49" box="[453,547,813,839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="079811E0E828874205ADED2AFA80AB24" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE828874205ADED2AFA80AB24" blockId="4.[151,1437,885,1066]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E828874205ADED2AFEA6AC81" bold="true" box="[151,332,885,911]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9039FCC9E828874205ADED2AFF38AC81" box="[151,210,885,911]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens were collected in front of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82887420603ED2AFBB6AC81" authority="Beach, Lizard" authorityName="Beach, Lizard" box="[825,1116,885,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Casuarina Beach, Lizard</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="379502FBE8288742015EED2AFB46AC81" box="[1124,1196,885,911]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(North Queensland,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="379502FBE828874205ADEDC5FEEEACBA" box="[151,260,922,948]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in shallow water up to
|
||
<quantity id="887AEF8EE8288742071AEDC5FDA7ACBA" box="[544,589,922,948]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
depth at high tide.
|
||
<typeStatus id="9039FCC9E8288742060AEDC5FC80ACBA" box="[816,874,922,948]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material is deposited at the Australian Museum Sydney.
|
||
<typeStatus id="9039FCC9E828874205C7ED9DFE81ACD2" box="[253,363,962,988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(AM C.464067):
|
||
<date id="3B3C64ABE8288742077EED9DFD1AACD2" box="[580,752,960,988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2007-06-25">25th June 2007</date>
|
||
(length of preserved specimen:
|
||
<quantity id="887AEF8EE8288742014BED9DFB38ACD2" box="[1137,1234,962,988]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
); three
|
||
<typeStatus id="9039FCC9E82887420011ED9DFA76ACD2" box="[1323,1436,962,988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(AM C.464068, including SEM preparation of radula):
|
||
<date id="3B3C64ABE8288742067EEDB4FC1FAB0B" box="[836,1013,1000,1029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2006-07-10">10th July 2006</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="3B3C64ABE82887420138EDB4FB59AB0B" box="[1026,1203,1000,1029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2006-07-13">13th July 2006</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="3B3C64ABE828874201FAEDB4FA77AB0B" box="[1216,1437,1000,1029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2008-10-20">20th October 2008</date>
|
||
(length of all
|
||
<typeStatus id="9039FCC9E8288742040FEA4FFE4FAB24" box="[309,421,1040,1066]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
between 1 and
|
||
<quantity id="887AEF8EE82887420764EA4FFD4CAB24" box="[606,678,1040,1066]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
). For further material collected and investigated see
|
||
<tableCitation id="020077D0E82887420036EA4FFA8FAB24" box="[1292,1381,1040,1066]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1261,1988]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Synopsis of investigated specimens and collecting data of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. Material is listed according to collecting dates. FSW: preservation in formaldehyde / seawater; PAM: measurements of photosynthetic activity; LM: light microscopy; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, Germany; ZMS Zoologische Staatssammlung Munich." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1BFD12E3E828874205ADEA04FBE7ABDC" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="1BFD12E3E828874205ADEA04FBE7ABDC">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="1BFD12E3E828874205ADEA04FBE7ABDC" ID-Table-UUID="1BFD12E3E828874205ADEA04FBE7ABDC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1BFD12E3E828874205ADEA04FBE7ABDC" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[151,1437,1261,1988]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE828874205ADEA04FBE7ABDC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1115,1234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E828874205ADEA04FEE3AB7D" bold="true" box="[151,265,1115,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Synopsis of investigated specimens and collecting data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E828874206BBEA04FB6FAB7C" box="[897,1157,1115,1138]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E828874206BBEA04FB6FAB7C" box="[897,1157,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E828874201B6EA04FB08AB7D" box="[1164,1250,1115,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E828874201B6EA04FB08AB7D" bold="true" box="[1164,1250,1115,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Material is listed according to collecting dates. FSW: preservation in formaldehyde/seawater; PAM: measurements of photosynthetic activity; LM: light microscopy; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, Germany; ZMS Zoologische Staatssammlung Munich.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE828874205A5EAB2FB10A8CA" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<table id="3D82B0CBE82878B905ADEAB2FA77A8CA" box="[151,1437,1261,1988]" gridcols="4" gridrows="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADEAB2FA77AA2A" box="[151,1437,1261,1316]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADEAB2FEB7AA2A" box="[151,349,1261,1316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Date of collection</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B90493EAB2FDB1AA2A" box="[425,603,1261,1316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Date and kind of preservation</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B907A3EAB2FD27AA2A" box="[665,717,1261,1316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PAM</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B9067BEAB2FA77AA2A" box="[833,1437,1261,1316]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type of investigation</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADEB67FA77AA41" box="[151,1437,1336,1359]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADEB67FEB7AA41" box="[151,349,1336,1359]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0 7.07.2006</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493EB67FDB1AA41" box="[425,603,1336,1359]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0 8.07.0 6 FSW</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B907A3EB67FD27AA41" box="[665,717,1336,1359]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BEB67FA77AA41" box="[833,1437,1336,1359]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Histology (ZSM 20100675)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADEB3CFA77AA94" box="[151,1437,1379,1434]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADEB3CFEB7AA94" box="[151,349,1379,1434]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0 7.07.2006</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493EB3CFDB1AA94" box="[425,603,1379,1434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0 8.07.0 6 EtOH</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B907A3EB3CFD27AA94" box="[665,717,1379,1434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BEB3CFA77AA94" box="[833,1437,1379,1434]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Gene analyses: 28S, 16S, CO1 (internal number 5787) (publ. in Händeler
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82887420130EBDCFBAAAA94" box="[1034,1088,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E828874201A5EBDCFAE2AA94" box="[1183,1288,1411,1434]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E828874201A5EBDCFAE2AA94" box="[1183,1288,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADEBF2FA77AACA" box="[151,1437,1453,1476]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADEBF2FEB7AACA" box="[151,349,1453,1476]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10.07.2006</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493EBF2FDB1AACA" box="[425,603,1453,1476]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10.07.0 6 EtOH</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B907A3EBF2FD27AACA" box="[665,717,1453,1476]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BEBF2FA77AACA" box="[833,1437,1453,1476]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratype AM C.464068</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADEB87FA77AAE1" box="[151,1437,1496,1519]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADEB87FEB7AAE1" box="[151,349,1496,1519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">13.07.2006</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493EB87FDB1AAE1" box="[425,603,1496,1519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0 1.08.0 6 FSW</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B907A3EB87FD27AAE1" box="[665,717,1496,1519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BEB87FA77AAE1" box="[833,1437,1496,1519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratype AM C.464068</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADE85CFA77A914" box="[151,1437,1539,1562]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADE85CFEB7A914" box="[151,349,1539,1562]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">25.06.2007</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493E85CFDB1A914" box="[425,603,1539,1562]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">28.06.0 7 FSW</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BE85CFA77A914" box="[833,1437,1539,1562]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Radula preparation (LM) (lost)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADE872FA77A94A" box="[151,1437,1581,1604]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADE872FEB7A94A" box="[151,349,1581,1604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">25.06.2007</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493E872FDB1A94A" box="[425,603,1581,1604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0 1.07.0 7 FSW</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BE872FA77A94A" box="[833,1437,1581,1604]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Histology</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADE807FA77A961" box="[151,1437,1624,1647]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADE807FEB7A961" box="[151,349,1624,1647]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">25.06.2007</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493E807FDB1A961" box="[425,603,1624,1647]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0 1.07.0 7 FSW</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BE807FA77A961" box="[833,1437,1624,1647]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Histology</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADE8DCFA77A994" box="[151,1437,1667,1690]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADE8DCFEB7A994" box="[151,349,1667,1690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">25.06.2007</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493E8DCFDB1A994" box="[425,603,1667,1690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0 1.07.0 7 EtOH</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BE8DCFA77A994" box="[833,1437,1667,1690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2 specimens not investigated</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADE8F2FA77A9CA" box="[151,1437,1709,1732]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADE8F2FEB7A9CA" box="[151,349,1709,1732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">25.06.2007</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493E8F2FDB1A9CA" box="[425,603,1709,1732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0 2.07.0 7 EtOH</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BE8F2FA77A9CA" box="[833,1437,1709,1732]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holotype AM C.464067</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADE887FA77A821" box="[151,1437,1752,1839]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADE887FEB7A821" box="[151,349,1752,1839]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20.10.2008</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493E887FDB1A821" box="[425,603,1752,1839]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">21.10.0 8 EtOH</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BE887FA77A821" box="[833,1437,1752,1839]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gene analysis: CO1 (internal number 71) Radula preparation (LM) (Fig. 3 E) Voucher material: ZFMK–DNA SacSti 0 0 0 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADE91CFA77A894" box="[151,1437,1859,1946]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADE91CFEB7A894" box="[151,349,1859,1946]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20.10.2008</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493E91CFDB1A894" box="[425,603,1859,1946]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">21.10.0 8 EtOH</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B907A3E91CFD27A894" box="[665,717,1859,1946]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BE91CFA77A894" box="[833,1437,1859,1946]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratype AM C.464068 (Radula only) Gene analysis: CO1 (internal number 76) Radula preparation (LM and SEM (Fig. 3 A–D)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82878B905ADE9F2FA77A8CA" box="[151,1437,1965,1988]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82878B905ADE9F2FEB7A8CA" box="[151,349,1965,1988]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20.10.2008</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B90493E9F2FDB1A8CA" box="[425,603,1965,1988]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">22.10.0 8 EtOH</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B907A3E9F2FD27A8CA" box="[665,717,1965,1988]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82878B9067BE9F2FA77A8CA" box="[833,1437,1965,1988]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gene analysis: CO1 (internal number 69)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1BFD12E3E829874305ADE907FEF2A8E1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199204/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[215,1365,197,1857]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE829874305ADE907FEF2A8E1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1880,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E829874305ADE907FEF3A87E" bold="true" box="[151,281,1880,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E8298743041AE906FDCEA87E" box="[288,548,1881,1904]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E8298743041AE906FDCEA87E" box="[288,548,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E82987430710E907FD6AA87E" box="[554,640,1880,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82987430710E907FD6AA87E" bold="true" box="[554,640,1880,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: living animals from Lizard Island; (A) Animal freshly isolated from food algae; length about 5 mm. (B) Animal after 1 day starvation. Note the characteristic dorsal red mark in the posterior third; length about 5 mm. Egg clutch visible on right side. (C) Juvenile starved for four days and now back on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E829874301C8E9C6FAA1A8BE" box="[1266,1355,1945,1968]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Boodleaceae" genus="Boodlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Siphonocladales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E829874301C8E9C6FAA1A8BE" box="[1266,1355,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Boodlea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; length about 2 mm. (D) One adult and two juveniles feeding on
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E829874307C3E9E6FCB0A8DE" box="[761,858,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E829874307C3E9E6FCBFA8DE" box="[761,853,1977,2000]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Boodleaceae" genus="Boodlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Siphonocladales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">Boodlea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Note the egg clutch (arrow). (E) Two animals feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82987430582E986FEFBA8FE" box="[184,273,2009,2032]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Boodleaceae" genus="Boodlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Siphonocladales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82987430582E986FEFBA8FE" box="[184,273,2009,2032]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Boodlea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1BFD12E3E82A874005ADE8CBFD67A8C5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE82A874005ADE8CBFD67A8C5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1684,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82A874005ADE8CBFEF3A9A2" bold="true" box="[151,281,1684,1708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82A8740041AE8CAFDC9A9A2" box="[288,547,1685,1708]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82A8740041AE8CAFDC9A9A2" box="[288,547,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E82A87400710E8CBFD6AA9A2" box="[554,640,1684,1708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82A87400710E8CBFD6AA9A2" bold="true" box="[554,640,1684,1708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1BFD12E3E82B874105ADEB9AFE2FA932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199206/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1436,182,1471]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE82B874105ADEB9AFE2FA932" blockId="7.[151,1437,1477,1596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82B874105ADEB9AFEF5AAD3" bold="true" box="[151,287,1477,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82B8741041CEB9AFDDCAAD2" box="[294,566,1477,1500]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82B8741041CEB9AFDDCAAD2" box="[294,566,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E82B87410705EB9AFD73AAD3" box="[575,665,1477,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82B87410705EB9AFD73AAD3" bold="true" box="[575,665,1477,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy of radula: (A) complete radula of specimen 76 with leading tooth to the right. Ascus (white arrow) covered by thin cuticle. (B) – (D) different views of leading tooth. (E) Radula of specimen 71. Note the small teeth and pre-radula teeth (black arrow) in ascus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="079811E0E82B874105FFE83AFDF6A9C4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE82B874105FFE83AFDF6A9C4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1637,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82B874105FFE83AFE8FA971" bold="true" box="[197,357,1637,1663]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Up to now this species has only been recorded from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82B874106E8E83AFB70A971" authority="Beach" authorityName="Beach" box="[978,1178,1637,1663]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Casuarina Beach</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in front of the Lizard
|
||
<collectingCountry id="379502FBE82B874105ADE8D4FF35A9AB" box="[151,223,1675,1701]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
Research Station, in clusters of the alga
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82B874107F8E8D4FCCEA9AA" box="[706,804,1675,1700]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Boodleaceae" genus="Boodlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Siphonocladales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82B874107F8E8D4FCCEA9AA" box="[706,804,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Boodlea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE82B87410664E8D4FC5AA9AB" box="[862,944,1675,1701]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[215,1365,197,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[215,1366,197,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: living animals from Lizard Island; (A) Animal freshly isolated from food algae; length about 5 mm. (B) Animal after 1 day starvation. Note the characteristic dorsal red mark in the posterior third; length about 5 mm. Egg clutch visible on right side. (C) Juvenile starved for four days and now back on Boodlea; length about 2 mm. (D) One adult and two juveniles feeding on Boodlea. Note the egg clutch (arrow). (E) Two animals feeding on Boodlea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199204/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C–E, material studied here) and from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="379502FBE82B874105ADE8EFFEB9A9C4" box="[151,339,1712,1738]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="079811E0E82B874105FFE88AFAA5A81B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE82B874105FFE88AFAA5A81B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1637,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82B874105FFE88AFEB9A9E1" bold="true" box="[197,339,1749,1775]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is dedicated to Dr. Anne Hoggett and Dr. Lyle Vail, the directors of the Lizard
|
||
<collectingCountry id="379502FBE82B874105ADE8A4FF35A81B" box="[151,223,1787,1813]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
Research Station (LIRS, Great Barrier Reef,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="379502FBE82B874107C9E8A4FC8AA81B" box="[755,864,1787,1813]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) for continuously supporting our projects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="079811E0E82B874A05FFE97FFEE2AB2A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE82B874105FFE97FFDEDA8FB" blockId="7.[151,1437,1637,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82B874105FFE97FFEB7A834" bold="true" box="[197,349,1824,1850]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82B8741045EE97FFC56A837" box="[356,956,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">External morphology and color of living specimens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE82B874106F6E97FFBE6A834" box="[972,1036,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[215,1365,197,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[215,1366,197,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: living animals from Lizard Island; (A) Animal freshly isolated from food algae; length about 5 mm. (B) Animal after 1 day starvation. Note the characteristic dorsal red mark in the posterior third; length about 5 mm. Egg clutch visible on right side. (C) Juvenile starved for four days and now back on Boodlea; length about 2 mm. (D) One adult and two juveniles feeding on Boodlea. Note the egg clutch (arrow). (E) Two animals feeding on Boodlea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199204/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig.1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Size up to
|
||
<quantity id="887AEF8EE82B874101A6E97FFB09A834" box="[1180,1251,1824,1850]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; body elongate; foot tapering posteriorly; anterior foot slightly extended to lateral sides with small notch, but without any propodial tentacles; rhinophores long, solid and digitiform; eyes located behind rhinophores; cerata clubshaped to elongated, in two to three rows, with smaller ones on outer side; cerata standing close, those of similar size in opposite position; central part of dorsal surface free of any cerata, without a prominent pericardial hump (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE82B87410454E984FE50A8FB" box="[366,442,2011,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[215,1365,197,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[215,1366,197,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: living animals from Lizard Island; (A) Animal freshly isolated from food algae; length about 5 mm. (B) Animal after 1 day starvation. Note the characteristic dorsal red mark in the posterior third; length about 5 mm. Egg clutch visible on right side. (C) Juvenile starved for four days and now back on Boodlea; length about 2 mm. (D) One adult and two juveniles feeding on Boodlea. Note the egg clutch (arrow). (E) Two animals feeding on Boodlea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199204/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE824874E05FFEEC7FC7DAD0C" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Overall color of body translucent to whitish; green branches of digestive gland (color is due to undigested chloroplasts) shining through translucent body wall, especially in cerata and margin of the body. Two green lines beginning in posterior part of back and running parallel towards head; ending in anterior part of rhinophores, but not reaching into tips. These digestive gland ducts hardly branch. White dots spread over body, but more frequent and larger on distal parts of cerata and rhinophores. In posterior third of body red irregular formed patch visible dorsally between these two green lines, an additional red patch of different shape also visible in anterior third of dorsal surface of body. Branches of digestive gland brownish in animals starved for one day, their color therefore more translucent and light brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E0120EFC2FBB4AEB9" box="[1050,1118,413,439]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[215,1365,197,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[215,1366,197,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: living animals from Lizard Island; (A) Animal freshly isolated from food algae; length about 5 mm. (B) Animal after 1 day starvation. Note the characteristic dorsal red mark in the posterior third; length about 5 mm. Egg clutch visible on right side. (C) Juvenile starved for four days and now back on Boodlea; length about 2 mm. (D) One adult and two juveniles feeding on Boodlea. Note the egg clutch (arrow). (E) Two animals feeding on Boodlea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199204/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). After longer starvation periods due to physiological experiments most cultivated specimens lost their greenish appearance, looked rather pale and were colored whitish to slightly pinkish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E0617EFB7FC9AAD0C" box="[813,880,488,514]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[215,1365,197,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[215,1366,197,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: living animals from Lizard Island; (A) Animal freshly isolated from food algae; length about 5 mm. (B) Animal after 1 day starvation. Note the characteristic dorsal red mark in the posterior third; length about 5 mm. Egg clutch visible on right side. (C) Juvenile starved for four days and now back on Boodlea; length about 2 mm. (D) One adult and two juveniles feeding on Boodlea. Note the egg clutch (arrow). (E) Two animals feeding on Boodlea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199204/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE824874E05FCEC52FDEBAD7C" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E824874E05FCEC52FD57AD29" bold="true" box="[198,701,525,551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description of anatomy and histology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E07ECEC52FCB8AD29" box="[726,850,525,551]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,258,1477,1501]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,256,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,182,1471]" captionTargetBox-2="[449,1139,1024,1885]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,182,1474]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[439,1147,1015,1895]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy of radula: (A) complete radula of specimen 76 with leading tooth to the right. Ascus (white arrow) covered by thin cuticle. (B) – (D) different views of leading tooth. (E) Radula of specimen 71. Note the small teeth and pre-radula teeth (black arrow) in ascus." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: schematic outline of genital system, reconstructed from three different specimens. Agl albumen gland, am ampulla, bc bursa copulatrix, cgl capsule gland, mgl mucus gland, p penis, pr prostate gland, rs receptaculum seminis." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/199206/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/199207/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Three specimens investigated (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="020077D0E824874E0011EC52FA64AD29" box="[1323,1422,525,551]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1261,1988]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Synopsis of investigated specimens and collecting data of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. Material is listed according to collecting dates. FSW: preservation in formaldehyde / seawater; PAM: measurements of photosynthetic activity; LM: light microscopy; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, Germany; ZMS Zoologische Staatssammlung Munich." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1BFD12E3E828874205ADEA04FBE7ABDC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="1BFD12E3E828874205ADEA04FBE7ABDC">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Specimens were bent slightly to the ventral side in the longitudinal axis. This is considered (and corrected) in the description of the anatomy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE824874E05FFEC22FEA6ABC9" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E824874E05FFEC22FE90AD98" box="[197,378,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Digestive tract.</emphasis>
|
||
Mouth opening between ventral part of head and anterior foot lip. Epithelium of oral tube with ciliated cells; subepithelial glandular follicles forming a layer around oral tube and entering the latter; cells with bluish to violet stained mucus. This glandular layer extends far back below pharynx and ascus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E0056EC97FF4DAC09" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, arrow). Anterior outer pharynx (labial disc) covered by thin unarmed cuticle (labial cuticle), continuing interiorly. Pharynx on dorsal part forming a longitudinal buccal pump with an internal thin cuticular layer. Ascus separate from pharynx, surrounded by thick muscle layer and with teeth present in lumen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E0015ED67FA93AC5C" box="[1327,1401,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Radula formula 0.1.0; at least four to five larger teeth in ascending limb and six to seven teeth in descending limb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E05E4EDDDFEC5AC92" box="[222,303,898,924]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,258,1477,1501]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,182,1474]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy of radula: (A) complete radula of specimen 76 with leading tooth to the right. Ascus (white arrow) covered by thin cuticle. (B) – (D) different views of leading tooth. (E) Radula of specimen 71. Note the small teeth and pre-radula teeth (black arrow) in ascus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199206/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A – E). Leading tooth of sabot-shaped
|
||
<typeStatus id="9039FCC9E824874E063EEDDDFCD0AC92" box="[772,826,898,924]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, with a smooth cutting edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E01A6EDDDFB04AC92" box="[1180,1262,898,924]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,258,1477,1501]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,182,1474]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy of radula: (A) complete radula of specimen 76 with leading tooth to the right. Ascus (white arrow) covered by thin cuticle. (B) – (D) different views of leading tooth. (E) Radula of specimen 71. Note the small teeth and pre-radula teeth (black arrow) in ascus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199206/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, D). Several smaller teeth (six counted in one of the investigated radulae) and two pre-radular teeth in ascus present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E006DEDF7FA76ACCC" box="[1367,1436,936,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,258,1477,1501]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,182,1474]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy of radula: (A) complete radula of specimen 76 with leading tooth to the right. Ascus (white arrow) covered by thin cuticle. (B) – (D) different views of leading tooth. (E) Radula of specimen 71. Note the small teeth and pre-radula teeth (black arrow) in ascus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199206/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Salivary glands could not be found. Oesophagus originating from posterior pharynx, above ascus; here surrounded by nerve ring. Oesophageal epithelium composed of cylindrical ciliated cells, interspersed with few glandular cells, staining violet. Stomach lined by columnar, ciliated epithelium and hardly distinguishable from oesophagus. Digestive gland ramifying and running into cerata (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E0110EA62FB6CAB59" box="[1066,1158,1085,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D), as well as into rhinophores, forming one central tubular rugose structure; no ramifications in foot observed. Epithelium of digestive gland filled with globular chloroplasts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E07E1EAD7FCC9ABAC" box="[731,803,1160,1186]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Intestine inconspicuous; anus lying dorsal in front of pericardium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE824874E05FFEA8CFBE9A812" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E824874E05FFEA8CFE9EABE2" box="[197,372,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Genital system</emphasis>
|
||
. A schematic outline of the distal genital system is given in
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E017DEA8DFB44ABE2" box="[1095,1198,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[449,1139,1024,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[439,1147,1015,1895]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: schematic outline of genital system, reconstructed from three different specimens. Agl albumen gland, am ampulla, bc bursa copulatrix, cgl capsule gland, mgl mucus gland, p penis, pr prostate gland, rs receptaculum seminis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199207/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
. Gonad partly lying lateral and dorsal, occupying most of body cavity in posterior third of animal. Gonad follicles with oogonia lying in periphery and spermatogonia in median part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E0631EB42FCBBAA39" box="[779,849,1309,1335]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Ampulla large and coiled, with flat epithelium; lumen filled with sperm exhibiting elongate heads (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E0630EB1DFCBFAA52" box="[778,853,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Bursa copulatrix extremely large, occupying most of space in head area to right of pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E07E5EB37FCC2AA8C" box="[735,808,1384,1410]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A); bursa entering proximal oviduct directly before beginning of nidamental glands. Epithelium composed of large cuboidal ciliated and partly apocrine secreting cells. Lumen filled with disintegrating sperm. A saclike elongate receptaculum seminis filled with parallel lying sperm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E040BEB87FE9CAAFC" box="[305,374,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) present. Direct opening to outside not present, but connection to internal parts of genital system could not be observed. Epithelium of receptaculum consisting of flat to cuboidal cells. Nidamental glands comprising of three distinct areas: albumen, capsule and mucus gland. Albumen gland forming small tubes and running laterally into posterior part of body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E0602E817FC69A96C" box="[824,899,1608,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F), but never into the cerata. Cells cuboidal, apical part filled with violet staining granules. Capsule gland tubular and mainly situated in central part of body. Capsule gland cells filled with smaller vacuoles staining bright red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E06C3E8CDFBAAA9A2" box="[1017,1088,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Cells of medium size, i.e., smaller than mucus gland cells and larger than albumen gland cells. Mucus gland forming a thick tubular structure situated latero-dorsal and posterior of pharynx. Cells very large with red stained contents. Opening of nidamental glands in ciliated vestibule without any glandular structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE824874E05FFE977FD1FA8D9" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Vas deferens with a separate prostate gland composed of two large limbs, each with a central duct surrounded by glandular cells, forming a subepithelial layer. Cell contents staining light bluish. Epithelium of distal muscular part of vas deferens (before entering penis) composed of ciliated cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E01ACE92DFB37A882" box="[1174,1245,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Vas deferens inside penis lined by epithelium with long cilia. Muscular penis lying within sheath; distal part of penis with one hollow stylet, which is lightly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE824874E07B6E9E2FD39A8D9" box="[652,723,1981,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE825874F05FFEEC7FEDCAE2C" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E825874F05FFEEC7FE7FAFBF" box="[197,405,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Excretory system.</emphasis>
|
||
Kidney lying dorsal; forming two branches on lateral sides of pericardium which unite behind heart region into a dorsal sac-like structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE825874F07C3EEE2FCABAFD9" box="[761,833,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Left branch reaching further anteriorly than the right one. Epithelium slightly folded, with larger cells containing several non-staining vacuoles. Nephroproct close to anus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE825874F05FFEF72FC11AED2" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E825874F05FFEF72FD97AE48" box="[197,637,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nervous system and sensory organs.</emphasis>
|
||
Nervous system located at transition of pharynx into oesophagus, forming a ganglionic ring with cerebral and pleural ganglia lying closely annexed and only partly fused. Pedal ganglia completely separated from cerebropleural complex. Additional two to three small ganglia present below the oesophagus. Eyes with pigment cup and globular, homogeneously light blue-stained lense; orientation to laterodorsal side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE825874F0736EF9DFDB9AED2" box="[524,595,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Statocyst large, with one otolith.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE825874F05FFEFB7FE68ADEC" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E825874F05FFEFB7FD8CAD0F" box="[197,614,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Epithelia and glandular structures.</emphasis>
|
||
Epidermis of cerata composed mainly of flat to cuboidal and ciliated cells. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, staining homogenously violet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE825874F0177EC52FB7EAD29" box="[1101,1172,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Epidermis of body composed of flat cells, without any subepithelial glandular structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE825874F0133EC6DFBBEAD42" box="[1033,1108,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). A special glandular structure present mainly in posterior part of body; starting between albumen gland and epidermis in anterior half, then present on both lateral sides until posterior part of body. Glandular cells characterized by large nucleus and large non staining vacuoles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE825874F07ACECFDFD35ADB2" box="[662,735,674,700]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F arrows). Cells not connected by any ducts and without openings to outside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE825874F05FCECB2FC59ACCC" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E825874F05FCECB2FE13AC09" bold="true" box="[198,505,749,775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Molecular investigations</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE825874F0733ECB2FD96AC09" box="[521,636,749,775]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="10.[151,255,1049,1073]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox-0="[283,1306,210,1006]" captionTargetBox-1="[419,1139,196,1866]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[269,1318,194,1028]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[419,1140,194,1869]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. NeighborNet analysis of Limapontiidae based on mitochondrial CO 1 sequences only without application of evolutionary models, performed with SplitsTree. Note the two distinct branches of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Phylogeny of the Limapontiidae. ML analysis was performed on concatenated partial gene sequences of the nuclear 28 S rDNA, the mitochondrial 16 S rDNA, and the mitochondrial CO 1 (first and second position only) loci. Support values are given. Numbers behind names indicate number of individuals included." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/199208/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/199209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Partial CO1 sequences of four specimens were investigated. Three of them were collected from the same small algal clutch and at the same day (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="020077D0E825874F0153ED4DFB5DAC22" box="[1129,1207,786,812]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1261,1988]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Synopsis of investigated specimens and collecting data of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. Material is listed according to collecting dates. FSW: preservation in formaldehyde / seawater; PAM: measurements of photosynthetic activity; LM: light microscopy; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, Germany; ZMS Zoologische Staatssammlung Munich." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1BFD12E3E828874205ADEA04FBE7ABDC" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="1BFD12E3E828874205ADEA04FBE7ABDC">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). A fourth one was collected two years earlier at the same locality. The four sequences form two pairs, with a high sequence similarity within the pair (1.31 to 3.56%) and a high sequence divergence between the two pairs (17.07 to 17.64%) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="020077D0E825874F0437EDDDFEB1AC92" box="[269,347,898,924]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,241,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1674,1938]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Divergence of CO 1 sequences between individuals of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Ea) and related species (only species presenting lowest and highest values are listed). Ercolania fuscata showed lowest values of all Ercolania species and Placida verticillata lowest values in total against E. annelyleorum sp. nov.. Placida dendritica showed highest values against E. annelyleorum sp. nov.." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEBABFD19A965" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEBABFD19A965">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). This is also visualized in the NeighborNet analysis, where the two pairs are separated by similar distances as to other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E825874F079BEDF7FCA6ACCC" box="[673,844,936,962]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Limapontiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE825874F0666EDF7FC4EACCC" box="[860,932,936,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1049,1073]" captionTargetBox="[283,1306,210,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[269,1318,194,1028]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. NeighborNet analysis of Limapontiidae based on mitochondrial CO 1 sequences only without application of evolutionary models, performed with SplitsTree. Note the two distinct branches of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199208/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1BFD12E3E825874F05ADE922FE03A8DB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199207/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[449,1139,1024,1885]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE825874F05ADE922FE03A8DB" blockId="9.[151,1436,1917,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E825874F05ADE922FEF7A89B" bold="true" box="[151,285,1917,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E825874F041EE922FDC7A89B" box="[292,557,1917,1941]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E825874F041EE922FDC7A89B" box="[292,557,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E825874F070FE921FD64A89B" box="[565,654,1918,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: schematic outline of genital system, reconstructed from three different specimens. Agl albumen gland, am ampulla, bc bursa copulatrix, cgl capsule gland, mgl mucus gland, p penis, pr prostate gland, rs receptaculum seminis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEA46FA81AB5F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199208/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[283,1306,210,1006]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE826874C05ADEA46FA81AB5F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1049,1105]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C05ADEA46FEF0AB3F" bold="true" box="[151,282,1049,1073]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
NeighborNet analysis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C0711EA45FD2DAB3F" box="[555,711,1050,1073]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Limapontiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on mitochondrial CO1 sequences only without application of evolutionary models, performed with SplitsTree. Note the two distinct branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C0136EA65FAE5AB5F" box="[1036,1295,1082,1105]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C0136EA65FAE5AB5F" box="[1036,1295,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E826874C002FEA66FA81AB5F" box="[1301,1387,1081,1105]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE826874C05FFEA20FB12AACA" blockId="10.[151,1437,1151,1476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The number of available sequences of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C07D3EA20FC88AB96" box="[745,866,1151,1176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C07D3EA20FC88AB96" box="[745,866,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is still low, hence only five additional species out of the about 20 described ones (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE826874C07F2EAFBFCB0ABB0" author="Jensen" box="[712,858,1188,1214]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Jensen, K. R. (2007) Biogeography of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia). Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 3 / 4, 255 - 281." type="journal article" year="2007">Jensen 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) could be included.
|
||
<tableCitation id="020077D0E826874C0171EAFBFB49ABB0" box="[1099,1187,1188,1214]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,241,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1674,1938]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Divergence of CO 1 sequences between individuals of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Ea) and related species (only species presenting lowest and highest values are listed). Ercolania fuscata showed lowest values of all Ercolania species and Placida verticillata lowest values in total against E. annelyleorum sp. nov.. Placida dendritica showed highest values against E. annelyleorum sp. nov.." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEBABFD19A965" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEBABFD19A965">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
shows divergence of partial CO1 gene sequences of further three included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C0632EA95FC96ABED" box="[776,892,1226,1251]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C0632EA95FC96ABED" box="[776,892,1226,1251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, as well as limapontiid species against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C05ADEAB0FE2AAA06" box="[151,448,1263,1288]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C05ADEAB0FE2AAA06" box="[151,448,1263,1288]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E826874C04F2EAB0FDC0AA07" box="[456,554,1263,1289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C04F2EAB0FDC0AA07" bold="true" box="[456,554,1263,1289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The smallest sequence divergence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C013BEAB0FB21AA06" box="[1025,1227,1263,1289]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C013BEAB0FBF9AA06" box="[1025,1043,1263,1288]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C011EEAB0FB21AA06" box="[1060,1227,1263,1288]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E826874C01EEEAB0FADCAA07" box="[1236,1334,1263,1289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C01EEEAB0FADCAA07" bold="true" box="[1236,1334,1263,1289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(69 and 5787) to any other limapontiid sequences included (uncorrected p-distances) is against the sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C05ADEB65FE96AA5D" box="[151,380,1338,1363]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fuscata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C05ADEB65FE96AA5D" box="[151,380,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ercolania fuscata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(17.64 to 17.82%), and to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C07E4EB65FC31AA5D" box="[734,987,1338,1363]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Placida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C07E4EB65FC31AA5D" box="[734,987,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Placida verticillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(71 and 76; 15.95%; see
|
||
<tableCitation id="020077D0E826874C0013EB65FA61AA5A" box="[1321,1419,1338,1364]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,241,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1674,1938]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Divergence of CO 1 sequences between individuals of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Ea) and related species (only species presenting lowest and highest values are listed). Ercolania fuscata showed lowest values of all Ercolania species and Placida verticillata lowest values in total against E. annelyleorum sp. nov.. Placida dendritica showed highest values against E. annelyleorum sp. nov.." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEBABFD19A965" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEBABFD19A965">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Intraspecific variability of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C04DAEB00FDBBAA76" box="[480,593,1375,1400]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C04DAEB00FDBBAA76" box="[480,593,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two sequences: 0.79%) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C0681EB00FBA4AA76" box="[955,1102,1375,1400]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C0681EB00FBA4AA76" box="[955,1102,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two specimens: 1.27%) is considerably lower and similar to the divergence observed within the two groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C0154EBDAFADAAA90" box="[1134,1328,1413,1438]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C0154EBDAFADAAA90" box="[1134,1328,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E826874C000DEBDBFA7EAA90" box="[1335,1428,1412,1438]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C000DEBDBFA7EAA90" bold="true" box="[1335,1428,1412,1438]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. Intraspecific variability for three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C0726EBF5FD38AACD" box="[540,722,1450,1475]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Stiliger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C0726EBF5FD38AACD" box="[540,722,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stiliger ornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences lies from 0.56% to 1.31 and 1.50%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEBABFD19A965" ID-Table-UUID="1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEBABFD19A965" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEBABFD19A965" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[151,1437,1674,1938]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE826874C05ADEBABFD19A965" blockId="10.[151,1437,1524,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C05ADEBABFEE4A902" bold="true" box="[151,270,1524,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Divergence of CO1 sequences between individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C0649EBABFB6AA905" box="[883,1152,1524,1547]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C0649EBABFB6AA905" box="[883,1152,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E826874C01BDEBABFB0BA902" box="[1159,1249,1524,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C01BDEBABFB0BA902" bold="true" box="[1159,1249,1524,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C01C8EBABFAFAA905" box="[1266,1296,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ea</emphasis>
|
||
) and related species (only species presenting lowest and highest values are listed).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C06A5E84BFB89A925" box="[927,1123,1556,1579]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fuscata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C06A5E84BFB89A925" box="[927,1123,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ercolania fuscata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed lowest values of all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C05ADE86BFEE8A945" box="[151,258,1588,1611]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C05ADE86BFEE8A945" box="[151,258,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C04B5E86BFD89A945" box="[399,611,1588,1611]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Placida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C04B5E86BFD89A945" box="[399,611,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Placida verticillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lowest values in total against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C0695E86BFB88A945" box="[943,1122,1588,1611]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C0695E86BFB88A945" box="[943,1122,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E826874C0150E86BFB28A942" box="[1130,1218,1588,1612]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C0150E86BFB28A942" bold="true" box="[1130,1218,1588,1612]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C01EAE86BFA76A945" box="[1232,1436,1588,1611]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Placida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dendritica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C01EAE86BFA76A945" box="[1232,1436,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Placida dendritica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed highest values against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C04E5E80BFD7AA965" box="[479,656,1620,1643]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C04E5E80BFD7AA965" box="[479,656,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E826874C07ACE80BFD06A962" box="[662,748,1620,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C07ACE80BFD06A962" bold="true" box="[662,748,1620,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE826874C0494E8D5FAFBA89C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<table id="3D82B0CBE82678B905ADE8D5FA77A89C" box="[151,1437,1674,1938]" gridcols="6" gridrows="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82678B905ADE8D5FA77A9AF" box="[151,1437,1674,1697]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82678B90494E8D5FE07A9AF" box="[430,493,1674,1697]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C0494E8D5FE26A9AF" box="[430,460,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ea</emphasis>
|
||
71
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82678B9077CE8D5FD6FA9AF" box="[582,645,1674,1697]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C077CE8D5FD8EA9AF" box="[582,612,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ea</emphasis>
|
||
69
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82678B907EEE8D5FC78A9AF" box="[724,914,1674,1697]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C07EEE8D5FC78A9AF" box="[724,914,1674,1697]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fuscata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C07EEE8D5FC78A9AF" box="[724,914,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ercolania fuscata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82678B906EAE8D5FB74A9AF" box="[976,1182,1674,1697]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C06EAE8D5FB74A9AF" box="[976,1182,1674,1697]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Placida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C06EAE8D5FB74A9AF" box="[976,1182,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Placida verticillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82678B901EFE8D5FA77A9AF" box="[1237,1437,1674,1697]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C01EFE8D5FAB0A9AF" box="[1237,1370,1674,1697]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Placida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dentritica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C01EFE8D5FAB0A9AF" box="[1237,1370,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. dentritica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82678B905ADE8EDFA77A9C7" box="[151,1437,1714,1737]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82678B905ADE8EDFEB0A9C7" box="[151,346,1714,1737]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C059FE8EDFF29A9C7" box="[165,195,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ea</emphasis>
|
||
71
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B90494E8EDFE07A9C7" box="[430,493,1714,1737]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.00</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B9077CE8EDFD6FA9C7" box="[582,645,1714,1737]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">17.63</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B907EEE8EDFC78A9C7" box="[724,914,1714,1737]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">18.76</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B906EAE8EDFB74A9C7" box="[976,1182,1714,1737]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">15.95</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B901EFE8EDFA77A9C7" box="[1237,1437,1714,1737]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">21.95</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82678B905ADE884FA77A9FC" box="[151,1437,1755,1778]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82678B905ADE884FEB0A9FC" box="[151,346,1755,1778]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C059FE884FF29A9FC" box="[165,195,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ea</emphasis>
|
||
76
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B90494E884FE07A9FC" box="[430,493,1755,1778]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.56</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B9077CE884FD6FA9FC" box="[582,645,1755,1778]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">17.07</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B907EEE884FC78A9FC" box="[724,914,1755,1778]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">18.57</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B906EAE884FB74A9FC" box="[976,1182,1755,1778]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">15.95</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B901EFE884FA77A9FC" box="[1237,1437,1755,1778]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">22.51</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82678B905ADE95CFA77A814" box="[151,1437,1795,1818]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82678B905ADE95CFEB0A814" box="[151,346,1795,1818]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C059FE95CFF29A814" box="[165,195,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ea</emphasis>
|
||
5787
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B90494E95CFE07A814" box="[430,493,1795,1818]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">17.64</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B9077CE95CFD6FA814" box="[582,645,1795,1818]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.31</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B907EEE95CFC78A814" box="[724,914,1795,1818]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">17.82</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B906EAE95CFB74A814" box="[976,1182,1795,1818]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">19.32</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B901EFE95CFA77A814" box="[1237,1437,1795,1818]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">23.45</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82678B905ADE974FA77A84C" box="[151,1437,1835,1858]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82678B905ADE974FEB0A84C" box="[151,346,1835,1858]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C059FE974FF29A84C" box="[165,195,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ea</emphasis>
|
||
69
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B90494E974FE07A84C" box="[430,493,1835,1858]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">17.63</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B9077CE974FD6FA84C" box="[582,645,1835,1858]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.00</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B907EEE974FC78A84C" box="[724,914,1835,1858]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">17.64</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B906EAE974FB74A84C" box="[976,1182,1835,1858]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">19.70</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B901EFE974FA77A84C" box="[1237,1437,1835,1858]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">23.26</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82678B905ADE90CFA77A864" box="[151,1437,1875,1898]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82678B905ADE90CFEB0A864" box="[151,346,1875,1898]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C059FE90CFEB9A864" box="[165,339,1875,1898]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="felina">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C059FE90CFEB9A864" box="[165,339,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ercolania felina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B90494E90CFE07A864" box="[430,493,1875,1898]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">21.39</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B9077CE90CFD6FA864" box="[582,645,1875,1898]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">22.51</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B907EEE90CFC78A864" box="[724,914,1875,1898]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">19.70</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B906EAE90CFB74A864" box="[976,1182,1875,1898]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">20.45</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B901EFE90CFA77A864" box="[1237,1437,1875,1898]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">21.95</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82678B905ADE924FA77A89C" box="[151,1437,1915,1938]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82678B905ADE924FEB0A89C" box="[151,346,1915,1938]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E826874C059FE924FEB0A89C" box="[165,346,1915,1938]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E826874C059FE924FEB0A89C" box="[165,346,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ercolania viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B90494E924FE07A89C" box="[430,493,1915,1938]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">17.82</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B9077CE924FD6FA89C" box="[582,645,1915,1938]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">18.95</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B907EEE924FC78A89C" box="[724,914,1915,1938]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">15.76</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B906EAE924FB74A89C" box="[976,1182,1915,1938]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">16.14</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82678B901EFE924FA77A89C" box="[1237,1437,1915,1938]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">19.51</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1BFD12E3E827874D05ADE92BFBB5A8C5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199209/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[419,1139,196,1866]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE827874D05ADE92BFBB5A8C5" blockId="11.[151,1437,1908,1995]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E827874D05ADE92BFEF3A882" bold="true" box="[151,281,1908,1932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogeny of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E827874D04E6E92BFD91A885" box="[476,635,1908,1931]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Limapontiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. ML analysis was performed on concatenated partial gene sequences of the nuclear 28S rDNA, the mitochondrial 16S rDNA, and the mitochondrial CO1 (first and second position only) loci. Support values are given. Numbers behind names indicate number of individuals included.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE820874A05FFEEC7FEB0AEB4" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,927]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE820874A05FFEEC7FEC6AFBC" box="[197,300,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[419,1139,196,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[419,1140,194,1869]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Phylogeny of the Limapontiidae. ML analysis was performed on concatenated partial gene sequences of the nuclear 28 S rDNA, the mitochondrial 16 S rDNA, and the mitochondrial CO 1 (first and second position only) loci. Support values are given. Numbers behind names indicate number of individuals included." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199209/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
shows the relationship of the new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A07E1EEC7FCBEAFBF" box="[731,852,152,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A07E1EEC7FCBEAFBF" box="[731,852,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (only one specimen is included) within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A05ADEEE2FEADAFD9" box="[151,327,189,215]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Limapontiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A04EFEEE2FDA0AFD8" box="[469,586,189,214]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A04EFEEE2FDA0AFD8" box="[469,586,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not monophyletic, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A06A8EEE2FBCAAFD8" box="[914,1056,189,214]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="boodleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A06A8EEE2FBCAAFD8" box="[914,1056,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. boodleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0160EEE2FB55AFD8" box="[1114,1215,189,214]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="felina">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0160EEE2FB55AFD8" box="[1114,1215,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. felina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not group with the other four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A047BEEBDFE5CAFF5" box="[321,438,226,251]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A047BEEBDFE5CAFF5" box="[321,438,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Sister taxon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A07E2EEBDFC71AFF5" box="[728,923,226,251]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A07E2EEBDFC71AFF5" box="[728,923,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E820874A069EEEBDFBE9AFF2" box="[932,1027,226,252]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A069EEEBDFBE9AFF2" bold="true" box="[932,1027,226,252]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is the endophytophageous species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A05ADEF57FECFAE2F" box="[151,293,264,289]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A05ADEF57FECFAE2F" box="[151,293,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A070EEF57FD42AE2F" box="[564,680,264,289]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A070EEF57FD42AE2F" box="[564,680,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in the analysis by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A0694EF57FB5BAE2C" box="[942,1201,264,290]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Handeler, K., Grzymbowski, Y., Krug, P. J. & Wagele, H. (2009) Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells - a unique evolutionary strategy in animal life. Frontiers in Zoology, 6, 28." type="journal article">
|
||
Händeler
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A011BEF57FBB6AE2F" box="[1057,1116,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
represents a further individual of the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A04FEEF72FDBFAE48" box="[452,597,301,326]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A04FEEF72FDBFAE48" box="[452,597,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(here designated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0671EF72FC31AE48" box="[843,987,301,326]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0671EF72FC31AE48" box="[843,987,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2, since the overlapping parts of 28S rDNA are identical, sequence divergence between the 16S rDNA is lower than 0.5% (two of 413 positions) and overlapping parts of CO1 differ under 1.4% (three nucleotides in 1st position and six in 3rd position of 657) (see also
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE820874A043EEFFFFEA1AEB4" box="[260,331,416,442]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1049,1073]" captionTargetBox="[283,1306,210,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[269,1318,194,1028]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. NeighborNet analysis of Limapontiidae based on mitochondrial CO 1 sequences only without application of evolutionary models, performed with SplitsTree. Note the two distinct branches of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199208/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE820874A05FCEF9AFB2AAD94" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,927]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A05FCEF9AFD13AED1" bold="true" box="[198,761,453,479]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Notes on biology and photosynthetic activity.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A063BEF99FBF4AED1" box="[769,1054,454,479]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A063BEF99FBF4AED1" box="[769,1054,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E820874A011DEF9AFB6FAED1" box="[1063,1157,453,479]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A011DEF9AFB6FAED1" bold="true" box="[1063,1157,453,479]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was observed crawling and feeding on the algal species
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A072AEFB4FD70AD0A" box="[528,666,491,516]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A072AEFB4FD98AD0A" box="[528,626,491,516]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Boodleaceae" genus="Boodlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Siphonocladales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">Boodlea</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Chlorophyta,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0671EFB5FC13AD0A" box="[843,1017,490,516]" class="Ulvophyceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cladophorales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="order">Cladophorales</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which forms cushion-like patches. Branches of this alga are tough and the patches are rather stiff, forming compact shelters for the slugs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE820874A005BEC4FFF49AD41" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[215,1365,197,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[215,1366,197,1857]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: living animals from Lizard Island; (A) Animal freshly isolated from food algae; length about 5 mm. (B) Animal after 1 day starvation. Note the characteristic dorsal red mark in the posterior third; length about 5 mm. Egg clutch visible on right side. (C) Juvenile starved for four days and now back on Boodlea; length about 2 mm. (D) One adult and two juveniles feeding on Boodlea. Note the egg clutch (arrow). (E) Two animals feeding on Boodlea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199204/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E). Juvenile animals appeared in a big number (up to 33 individuals per cluster) in the algal patches, suggesting that larvae stay close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0700EC04FD76AD7A" box="[570,668,603,628]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Boodleaceae" genus="Boodlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Siphonocladales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0700EC04FD76AD7A" box="[570,668,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Boodlea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., where they hatch from egg clutches inside the algal patches. Feeding and crawling on this alga has been observed. It was not possible to rear the larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE820874A05FFECFAFCA2AC91" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,927]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
PAM measurements were taken of ten specimens. Data are shown in Table 4. Mean values of maximum quantum yield measurements for single specimens do not exceed 0.14, the average of all specimens does not exceed 0.10. Standard deviation of mean yield values of specimens is low. These low maximum quantum yield values result from background noise and are no indication of photosynthetic activity. Up to three days starved and pale animals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A04DCED64FCEFAC5A" box="[486,773,827,852]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A04DCED64FCEFAC5A" box="[486,773,827,852]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E820874A0634ED65FC87AC5A" box="[782,877,826,852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0634ED65FC87AC5A" bold="true" box="[782,877,826,852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were allowed to feed again on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A01DFED64FAA2AC5A" box="[1253,1352,827,852]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Boodleaceae" genus="Boodlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Siphonocladales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A01DFED64FAA2AC5A" box="[1253,1352,827,852]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Boodlea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. for four days. Their green coloration returned, but values of their photosynthetic activity never exceeded 0.2, indicating direct break down and digestion of chloroplasts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE820874A05ADED95FEE2AB2A" blockId="12.[151,1436,970,1060]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A05ADED95FEE3ACEC" bold="true" box="[151,265,970,994]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
PAM measurements (PSII maximum quantum yield, Φ IIe-max) of ten specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0148ED94FA9CACEC" box="[1138,1398,971,994]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0148ED94FA9CACEC" box="[1138,1398,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E820874A0046ED95FF2CAB0B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0046ED95FF2CAB0B" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. For specimens no. 7 and 8 a joined mean value is given. Mean value and standard deviation are given for days of starvation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE820874A05A5EA1FFAC6ABF4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<table id="3D82B0CBE82078B905ADEA1FFA76ABF4" box="[151,1436,1088,1274]" gridcols="12" gridrows="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82078B905ADEA1FFA76AB74" box="[151,1436,1088,1146]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B905ADEA1FFEE2AB74" box="[151,264,1088,1146]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Day of starvation</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B90468EA1FFE6BAB74" box="[338,385,1088,1146]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B9049DEA1FFE3CAB74" box="[423,470,1088,1146]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B904C7EA1FFDC6AB74" box="[509,556,1088,1146]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B90768EA1FFD6BAB74" box="[594,641,1088,1146]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">4</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B90792EA1FFD3DAB74" box="[680,727,1088,1146]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">5</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B907C7EA1FFCC6AB74" box="[765,812,1088,1146]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">6</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B90669EA1FFC63AB74" box="[851,905,1088,1146]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">7 + 8</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B90696EA1FFC30AB74" box="[940,986,1088,1146]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B90138EA1FFBDAAB74" box="[1026,1072,1088,1146]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">10</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B9016DEA1FFB3EAB74" box="[1111,1236,1088,1146]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Φ IIe-max Mean value</th>
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B901C7EA1FFA76AB74" box="[1277,1436,1088,1146]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Standard deviation</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82078B905ADEAD2FA76ABAA" box="[151,1436,1165,1188]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B905ADEAD2FEE2ABAA" box="[151,264,1165,1188]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B90468EAD2FE6BABAA" box="[338,385,1165,1188]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.13</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B9049DEAD2FE3CABAA" box="[423,470,1165,1188]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.00</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B904C7EAD2FDC6ABAA" box="[509,556,1165,1188]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.05</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B90768EAD2FD6BABAA" box="[594,641,1165,1188]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B90792EAD2FD3DABAA" box="[680,727,1165,1188]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.06</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B907C7EAD2FCC6ABAA" box="[765,812,1165,1188]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.00</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B90669EAD2FC63ABAA" box="[851,905,1165,1188]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.14</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B90696EAD2FC30ABAA" box="[940,986,1165,1188]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">-</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B90138EAD2FBDAABAA" box="[1026,1072,1165,1188]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">-</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B9016DEAD2FB3EABAA" box="[1111,1236,1165,1188]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.06</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B901C7EAD2FA76ABAA" box="[1277,1436,1165,1188]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.06</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82078B905ADEAE7FA76ABC1" box="[151,1436,1208,1231]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B905ADEAE7FEE2ABC1" box="[151,264,1208,1231]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B90468EAE7FE6BABC1" box="[338,385,1208,1231]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.12</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B904C7EAE7FDC6ABC1" box="[509,556,1208,1231]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.14</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B90696EAE7FC30ABC1" box="[940,986,1208,1231]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B90138EAE7FBDAABC1" box="[1026,1072,1208,1231]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.09</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B9016DEAE7FB3EABC1" box="[1111,1236,1208,1231]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.10</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B901C7EAE7FA76ABC1" box="[1277,1436,1208,1231]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.05</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F1B24029E82078B905ADEABCFA76ABF4" box="[151,1436,1251,1274]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="B2632955E82078B905ADEABCFEE2ABF4" box="[151,264,1251,1274]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</th>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B90468EABCFE6BABF4" box="[338,385,1251,1274]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.10</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B904C7EABCFDC6ABF4" box="[509,556,1251,1274]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.00</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B90696EABCFC30ABF4" box="[940,986,1251,1274]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.08</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B9016DEABCFB3EABF4" box="[1111,1236,1251,1274]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.06</td>
|
||
<td id="B2632955E82078B901C7EABCFA76ABF4" box="[1277,1436,1251,1274]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0.05</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="079811E0E820874805FCEB65FDCEA8D3" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE820874A05FCEB65FA98A851" blockId="12.[151,1437,1338,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A05FCEB65FC58AA5A" bold="true" box="[198,946,1338,1364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Discussion. Taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A072BEB65FCD7AA5A" box="[529,829,1338,1364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A072BEB65FCD7AA5A" bold="true" box="[529,829,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E820874A0673EB65FC4CAA5A" box="[841,934,1338,1364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
..
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Systematics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0140EB65FACFAA5A" box="[1146,1317,1338,1364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Limapontiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been under debate for long time (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A0708EB3FFD3EAA74" author="Jensen" box="[562,724,1376,1402]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1993) Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) from Rottnest Island and central Western Australia. In: Wells, F. E., Walker, D. I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (Eds), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Proceedings of the 5 th International Marine Biology Workshop, 2. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 207 - 253." type="journal article" year="1993">Jensen 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to the phylogenetic analyses of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A002AEB3FFE70AA91" authority="Handeler et al. 2009" authorityName="Handeler et al." authorityYear="2009" class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">
|
||
Sacoglossa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A05A4EBDAFE78AA91" author="Handeler" box="[158,402,1413,1439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Handeler, K., Grzymbowski, Y., Krug, P. J. & Wagele, H. (2009) Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells - a unique evolutionary strategy in animal life. Frontiers in Zoology, 6, 28." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Händeler
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0429EBD9FEA7AA91" box="[275,333,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the validity of different genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0663EBDAFBEEAA91" box="[857,1028,1413,1439]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Limapontiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A012EEBD9FA81AA91" box="[1044,1387,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A012EEBD9FB74AA91" box="[1044,1182,1414,1439]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Limapontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Limapontia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0190EBD9FAEFAA91" box="[1194,1285,1414,1439]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Alderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alderia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A002AEBD9FA81AA91" box="[1296,1387,1414,1439]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Placida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Placida</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A05ADEBF4FEF9AACA" box="[151,275,1451,1476]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A05ADEBF4FEF9AACA" box="[151,275,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) seem to be solved, but validity of the limapontiid genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A06CEEBF4FBBAAACA" box="[1012,1104,1451,1476]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Stiliger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A06CEEBF4FBBAAACA" box="[1012,1104,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Stiliger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
still needs to be clarified. According to the present phylogenetic analysis of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0671EB8FFBE9AAE4" box="[843,1027,1488,1514]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Limapontiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
including more sequences from GenBank, validity of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A072AEBA9FD6EA901" box="[528,644,1526,1551]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A072AEBA9FD6EA901" box="[528,644,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also have to be reconsidered. Although distinct characters for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0435E844FE69A93A" box="[271,387,1563,1588]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0435E844FE69A93A" box="[271,387,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A074FE845FC5DA93A" author="Baba" box="[629,951,1562,1588]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Baba, K. & Hamatani, I. (1970) Occurrences of specimens presumably identifiable with Stiliger ornatus Ehrenberg, 1831, at Seto, Kii, middle Japan (Opisthobranchia: Sacoglossa). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 18, 199 - 206." type="journal article" year="1970">Baba and Hamatani (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Marcus d. B.-R. (1982) rejected the fact of genus-specific characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0727E81FFD9FA957" box="[541,629,1600,1625]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Stiliger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0727E81FFD9FA957" box="[541,629,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Stiliger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A079AE81FFCFDA957" box="[672,791,1600,1625]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A079AE81FFCFDA957" box="[672,791,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and pointed out the high degree of variation in other genera. Until these taxonomic problems are solved, we follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A064DE83AFB05A971" author="Schmekel" box="[887,1263,1637,1663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Schmekel, L. & Portmann, A. (1982) Opisthobranchia des Mittelmeeres: Nudibranchia und Sacoglossa. Springer, Berlin, 410 pp." type="book" year="1982">Schmekel and Portmann (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A01C0E83AFA7DA971" author="Jensen" box="[1274,1431,1637,1663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1985) Annotated checklist of Hong Kong Ascoglossa (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia), with descriptions of four new species. In: Morton, B. & Dudgeon, D. (Eds), Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on the Malacofauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 77 - 107." type="book chapter" year="1985">Jensen (1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A05ADE8D5FF39A9AA" author="Jensen" box="[151,211,1674,1700]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1993) Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) from Rottnest Island and central Western Australia. In: Wells, F. E., Walker, D. I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (Eds), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Proceedings of the 5 th International Marine Biology Workshop, 2. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 207 - 253." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A042CE8D5FDBCA9AA" box="[278,598,1674,1700]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Grzymbowski, Y., Stemmer, K. & Wagele, H. (2007) On a new Ercolania Trinchese, 1872 (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa, Limapontiidae) living within Boergensenia Feldmann, 1950 (Cladophorales), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology. Zootaxa, 1577, 3 - 16." type="journal article">
|
||
Grzymbowski
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A04FEE8D4FDEAA9AA" box="[452,512,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and assign the new species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0101E8D4FB45A9AA" box="[1083,1199,1675,1700]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0101E8D4FB45A9AA" box="[1083,1199,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the presence of digitiform rhinophores, the presence of smooth sabot shaped teeth, the presence of a curved penial stylet and the absence of the albumen gland in the cerata. The very similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A06D1E889FBA3A9E1" box="[1003,1097,1750,1775]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Placida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A06D1E889FBA3A9E1" box="[1003,1097,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Placida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A01D4E889FAADA9E1" box="[1262,1351,1750,1775]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Stiliger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A01D4E889FAADA9E1" box="[1262,1351,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Stiliger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the auriculate rhinophores, which are rolled or folded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A063EE8A4FBE2A81A" authority="Jensen 1993" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1993" box="[772,1032,1786,1812]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Stiliger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A063EE8A4FCB3A81A" box="[772,857,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Stiliger</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A0653E8A5FC15A81A" author="Jensen" box="[873,1023,1786,1812]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1993) Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) from Rottnest Island and central Western Australia. In: Wells, F. E., Walker, D. I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (Eds), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Proceedings of the 5 th International Marine Biology Workshop, 2. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 207 - 253." type="journal article" year="1993">Jensen 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A012EE8A4FB85A81A" box="[1044,1135,1787,1812]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Placida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A012EE8A4FB85A81A" box="[1044,1135,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Placida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an oesophageal crop, which could not be found in the specimens investigated here, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0699E97FFC12A837" box="[931,1016,1824,1849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Stiliger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0699E97FFC12A837" box="[931,1016,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Stiliger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a penial stylet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A01C2E97FFA65A834" author="Jensen" box="[1272,1423,1824,1850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1993) Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) from Rottnest Island and central Western Australia. In: Wells, F. E., Walker, D. I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (Eds), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Proceedings of the 5 th International Marine Biology Workshop, 2. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 207 - 253." type="journal article" year="1993">Jensen 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Future studies additionally based on molecular markers will reveal validity of these three different genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE820874B05FFE935FC1AAE9C" blockId="12.[151,1437,1338,2036]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
About 20 valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A0721E934FD70A88A" box="[539,666,1899,1924]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A0721E934FD70A88A" box="[539,666,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are recognized. Few of them have been described from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A0779E9CFFD30A8A4" author="Jensen" box="[579,730,1936,1962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Jensen, K. R. (2007) Biogeography of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia). Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 3 / 4, 255 - 281." type="journal article" year="2007">Jensen 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additional to the locality, these species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A01FCE9CFFF34A8C1" authority="Gould, 1870" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1870" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fuscata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A01FCE9CFFAD0A8A7" box="[1222,1338,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. fuscata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A0070E9CFFF3CA8C1" author="Gould" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Gould, A. A. (1870) Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts. Second edition. W. G. Binney (Ed). 524 pp." type="book" year="1870">Gould, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A05D3E9E9FE1AA8C1" authority="Ortea, 1981" authorityName="Ortea" authorityYear="1981" box="[233,496,1973,1999]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lozanoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A05D3E9E9FEB5A8C1" box="[233,351,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. lozanoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A045CE9EAFE1AA8C1" author="Ortea" box="[358,496,1973,1999]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Ortea, J. (1981) Moluscos opisthobranquios de las Islas Canarias. Primera parte: Ascoglosos. Boletim de Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 6, 179 - 199." type="journal article" year="1981">Ortea, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A071DE9E9FCADA8C1" authority="Lemche, 1935" authorityName="Lemche" authorityYear="1935" box="[551,839,1973,1999]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Limapontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A071DE9E9FD6CA8C1" box="[551,646,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A07AEE9EAFCD5A8C1" author="Lemche" box="[660,831,1973,1999]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Lemche, H. M. (1935) On some nudibranchiate gastropods from the northern Atlantic. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 99, 131 - 148." type="journal article" year="1935">Lemche, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinguished by their different coloration. One species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E820874A043BE984FD2AA8FA" authority="Trinchese, 1892" authorityName="Trinchese" authorityYear="1892" box="[257,704,2010,2036]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coerulea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E820874A043BE984FE04A8FA" box="[257,494,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ercolania coerulea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE820874A04CDE985FD2AA8FA" author="Trinchese" box="[503,704,2010,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Trinchese, S. (1892) Nuovi ascoglossi del Golfo di Napoli. Rendiconto dell'Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche Napoli, 7, 154 - 155." type="journal article" year="1892">Trinchese, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been recorded from the Atlantic as well as the Pacific Ocean. Due to the inflated numerous cerata and the darker coloration, partly due to the much higher branching of the green digestive gland, that species differs considerably from the new species described here. Additionally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B0402EEBDFDD9AFF2" author="Sanders-Esser" box="[312,563,226,252]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Sanders-Esser, B. (1984) Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Anatomie und Histologie der vorderen Genitalorgane der Ascoglossa (Gastropoda, Euthyneura). Zoologische Jahrbucher fur Anatomie 111, 195 - 243." type="journal article" year="1984">Sanders-Esser (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the receptaculum seminis with a distinct opening to the outside, which is not present in our new species. Several species described from the Pacific Ocean (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B01C0EF57FA65AE2C" author="Jensen" box="[1274,1423,264,290]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Jensen, K. R. (2007) Biogeography of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia). Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 3 / 4, 255 - 281." type="journal article" year="2007">Jensen 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B05F1EF72FD9AAE49" authority="Marcus & Marcus, 1970" authorityName="Marcus & Marcus" authorityYear="1970" box="[203,624,301,327]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erbsa">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B05F1EF72FEC5AE48" box="[203,303,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. erbsa</emphasis>
|
||
(Marcus & Marcus, 1970)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B0747EF72FC77AE49" authority="Hutton, 1882" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1882" box="[637,925,301,327]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="felina">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B0747EF72FD08AE48" box="[637,738,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. felina</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B07C8EF72FC7EAE49" author="Hutton" box="[754,916,301,327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1882) Notes on some branchiate Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 14, 162 - 167" type="journal article" year="1882">Hutton, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B0690EF72FB51AE49" authority="Rao, 1937" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1937" box="[938,1211,301,327]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gopalai">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B0690EF72FBCFAE48" box="[938,1061,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. gopalai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B010CEF72FB59AE49" author="Rao" box="[1078,1203,301,327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Rao, K. V. (1937) Structure and habits and early development of a new species of Stiliger Ehrenberg. Records of the Indian Museum, 39, 435 - 464." type="journal article" year="1937">Rao, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B01CCEF72FEF7AE62" authority="Burn, 1974" authorityName="Burn" authorityYear="1974" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="margaritae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B01CCEF72FA71AE48" box="[1270,1435,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. margaritae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B05ADEF0DFEF7AE62" author="Burn" box="[151,285,338,364]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Burn, R. F. (1974) Notes on some benthonic opisthobranchs from Port Philip Bay, Victoria. Journal of the Malacological Society Australia, 3, 43 - 57." type="journal article" year="1974">Burn, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are distinguished by their differing coloration.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B0677EF0DFB0EAE62" authority="Eliot, 1904" authorityName="Eliot" authorityYear="1904" box="[845,1252,338,364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B0677EF0DFBADAE65" box="[845,1095,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B016DEF0DFB36AE62" author="Eliot" box="[1111,1244,338,364]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Eliot, C. (1904) On some nudibranchs from East Africa and Zanzibar. Part VI. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 268 - 298." type="proceedings paper" year="1904">Eliot, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described by the author with posterior cerata which are twice as long as the front ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE821874B05FFEFC2FDC3A9DC" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
In the following, those species are discussed, which show a similar coloration to our newly described species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B05C1EF9DFD6EAED2" authority="Baba, 1938" authorityName="Baba" authorityYear="1938" box="[251,644,450,476]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="boodleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B05C1EF9DFE09AED5" box="[251,483,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania boodleae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B04C9EF9DFD96AED2" author="Baba" box="[499,636,450,476]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Baba, K. (1938) Opisthobranchia of Kii, Middle Japan. Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Kyusyu Imperial University, 6, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1938">Baba, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded to feed on the tubular alga
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B016FEF9DFB54AED5" box="[1109,1214,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B016FEF9DFB50AED5" box="[1109,1210,450,475]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Boodleaceae" genus="Boodlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Siphonocladales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">Boodlea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
similar to the new species described here.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B0490EFB7FD65AD0F" box="[426,655,488,513]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="boodleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B0490EFB7FD65AD0F" box="[426,655,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania boodleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is darkly green colored, nearly blackish, with distinct white stripes along the head. The eyes are situated within these stripes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B0672EC52FB8CAD29" author="Baba" box="[840,1126,525,551]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Baba, K. & Hamatani, I. (1970) Occurrences of specimens presumably identifiable with Stiliger ornatus Ehrenberg, 1831, at Seto, Kii, middle Japan (Opisthobranchia: Sacoglossa). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 18, 199 - 206." type="journal article" year="1970">Baba & Hamatani 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Due to this coloration, it cannot be confounded with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B04DEEC6DFD42AD45" box="[484,680,562,587]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B04DEEC6DFD42AD45" box="[484,680,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E821874B078BEC6DFCFAAD42" box="[689,784,562,588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B078BEC6DFCFAAD42" bold="true" box="[689,784,562,588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B061BEC6DFB22AD42" authority="Jensen, 1985" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1985" box="[801,1224,562,588]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="emarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B061BEC6DFBCCAD45" box="[801,1062,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania emarginata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B0114EC6DFB22AD42" author="Jensen" box="[1070,1224,562,588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1985) Annotated checklist of Hong Kong Ascoglossa (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia), with descriptions of four new species. In: Morton, B. & Dudgeon, D. (Eds), Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on the Malacofauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 77 - 107." type="book chapter" year="1985">Jensen, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar in coloration to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B0409EC07FE55AD7F" box="[307,447,600,625]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="boodleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B0409EC07FE55AD7F" box="[307,447,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. boodleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and can also not be confounded with the new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B06E5EC07FBB9AD7F" box="[991,1107,600,625]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B06E5EC07FBB9AD7F" box="[991,1107,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Besides, the radula teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B05C3EC22FE4AAD98" box="[249,416,637,662]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="emarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B05C3EC22FE4AAD98" box="[249,416,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. emarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show a distinct prominence and there is only one prostate lobe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B01A4EC22FADFAD99" author="Jensen" box="[1182,1333,637,663]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1985) Annotated checklist of Hong Kong Ascoglossa (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia), with descriptions of four new species. In: Morton, B. & Dudgeon, D. (Eds), Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on the Malacofauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 77 - 107." type="book chapter" year="1985">Jensen 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A very similar color and body shape to the new described sea slug can be observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B0116ECFDFA8EADB2" authority="Baba, 1959" authorityName="Baba" authorityYear="1959" box="[1068,1380,674,700]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B0116ECFDFB2AADB5" box="[1068,1216,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. subviridis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B01EAECFDFAB0ADB2" author="Baba" box="[1232,1370,674,700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Baba, K. (1959) The family Stiligeridae from Japan (Opisthobranchia - Sacoglossa). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 7, 327 - 334." type="journal article" year="1959">Baba, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The body of this species is translucent yellowish with fine green branches of digestive gland shining through the body wall. Within the cerata, several green branches of the digestive gland are visible as longitudinal lines, giving each ceras a characteristic green-lined appearance.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B0605ED4DFC3AAC22" author="Baba" box="[831,976,786,812]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Baba, K. (1959) The family Stiligeridae from Japan (Opisthobranchia - Sacoglossa). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 7, 327 - 334." type="journal article" year="1959">Baba (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a red marking at the anterior end of pericardial prominence which is also found on the new species. However, specimens of our species always exhibit an additional red patch in the posterior part of the body. Furthermore, only one central channel of digestive gland in each ceras with short pustule-like branches is present, and never several longitudinal stripes. The new species shows two distinct green branches on both sides of the head, which are missing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B00B9EDF7FEE6ACE8" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B00B9EDF7FEE6ACE8" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. subviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B0421ED92FD64ACE9" authority="(Costa, 1866)" baseAuthorityName="Costa" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[283,654,973,999]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B0421ED92FE0FACE8" box="[283,485,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania viridis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B04CFED92FD6DACE9" author="Costa" box="[501,647,973,999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Costa, A. (1866) Saggio sui molluschi eolididei del Golfo di Napoli. Annuario del Museo Zoologico della Universita di Napoli, 3, 59 - 80." type="journal article" year="1866">Costa, 1866</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually shows much more inflated cerata and the digestive gland branches up to tertiary degree within the cerata, but does not reach into the rhinophores (unpublished results based on histological investigations of a Mediterranean specimen).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B06D4EA47FAA9AB3F" box="[1006,1347,1048,1073]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="endophytophaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B06D4EA47FAA9AB3F" box="[1006,1347,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania endophytophaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B00B8EA47FEEDAB58" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B00B8EA47FEEDAB58" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also differentiated by their inflated cerata, the former also show peculiar teeth with knoblike apices (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B05CAEA3DFE62AB72" author="Jensen" box="[240,392,1122,1148]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1999) A new species of Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) from Rottnest Island, Western Australia. in: Walker D. I. & Wells, F. E. (Eds), The Seagrass Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum Perth, pp. 377 - 383." type="book chapter" year="1999">Jensen 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both can be separated also from the new species by their life style: they penetrate into algae and spend at least some time of their life cycle inside the algal tube.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B06C1EAD7FA76ABAC" authority="Jensen, 1993" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1993" box="[1019,1436,1160,1186]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="translucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B06C1EAD7FB17ABAF" box="[1019,1277,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania translucens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B003EEAD7FA76ABAC" author="Jensen" box="[1284,1436,1160,1186]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1993) Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) from Rottnest Island and central Western Australia. In: Wells, F. E., Walker, D. I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (Eds), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Proceedings of the 5 th International Marine Biology Workshop, 2. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 207 - 253." type="journal article" year="1993">Jensen, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has inflated cerata, a distinct pericardial prominence and the digestive gland does not reach into the rhinophores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B0401EA8DFE30ABE2" author="Jensen" box="[315,474,1234,1260]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1993) Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) from Rottnest Island and central Western Australia. In: Wells, F. E., Walker, D. I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (Eds), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Proceedings of the 5 th International Marine Biology Workshop, 2. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 207 - 253." type="journal article" year="1993">Jensen 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B0756EA8DFCF3ABE2" author="Jensen" box="[620,793,1234,1260]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1993) Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) from Rottnest Island and central Western Australia. In: Wells, F. E., Walker, D. I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (Eds), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Proceedings of the 5 th International Marine Biology Workshop, 2. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 207 - 253." type="journal article" year="1993">Jensen (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned a reddish sphere in the neck region, this species lacks the second patch, but exhibits reddish-brown pigment stripes along the sides of the body and is therefore quite distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B04C6EB42FD22AA38" box="[508,712,1309,1334]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B04C6EB42FD22AA38" box="[508,712,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E821874B07EBEB42FCD9AA39" box="[721,819,1309,1335]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B07EBEB42FCD9AA39" bold="true" box="[721,819,1309,1335]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B0606EB42FAAFAA39" authority="Rao & Rao, 1963" authorityName="Rao & Rao" authorityYear="1963" box="[828,1349,1309,1335]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigrovittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B0606EB42FBA5AA38" box="[828,1103,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania nigrovittata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B015AEB42FAD6AA39" author="Rao" box="[1120,1340,1309,1335]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Rao, K. V. & Rao, K. P. (1963) Stiliger nigrovittatus sp. nov., a sacoglossan mollusc from the Gulf of Mannar. Journal of the Marine biological Association India, 5, 232 - 238." type="journal article" year="1963">Rao & Rao, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also described with only one pale-pinkish patch and not a second one in the rear. In contrast to our species, the digestive gland reaches far into the rhinophores, starting from a distinct patch over the head. The overall color is described as “faintly speckled grey over a faint orange background" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B06C4EBD2FAFAAAA9" author="Rao" box="[1022,1296,1421,1447]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Rao, K. V. & Rao, K. P. (1963) Stiliger nigrovittatus sp. nov., a sacoglossan mollusc from the Gulf of Mannar. Journal of the Marine biological Association India, 5, 232 - 238." type="journal article" year="1963">Rao & Rao 1963: 233</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B001FEBD2FE7CAAC2" authority="Eliot, 1904" authorityName="Eliot" authorityYear="1904" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="varians">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B001FEBD2FF18AAC2" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania varians</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B0438EBEDFE67AAC2" author="Eliot" box="[258,397,1458,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Eliot, C. (1904) On some nudibranchs from East Africa and Zanzibar. Part VI. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 268 - 298." type="proceedings paper" year="1904">Eliot, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="379502FBE821874B04DBEBEDFDA6AAC2" box="[481,588,1458,1484]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
was described as “brilliant green”, although the color may vary. This coloration is due to “numerous lines of deeper color”, which can be interpreted as many digestive gland branches reaching throughout most parts of the body (“except at the sides of the body and in the centre of the back”) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B05CFE87DFE58A932" author="Eliot" box="[245,434,1570,1596]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Eliot, C. (1904) On some nudibranchs from East Africa and Zanzibar. Part VI. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 268 - 298." type="proceedings paper" year="1904">Eliot 1904: 290</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although he also mentioned crimson patches in some of his animals, it is not clear, whether there is only one patch or more on the dorsal body. Because of its general green color and a more elongate tooth, it is not considered to be the same species as the one described here.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B0144E832FF31A9A2" authority="Rao, 1937" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1937" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gopalai">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B0144E832FABEA988" box="[1150,1364,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania gopalai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B005EE832FF39A9A2" author="Rao" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Rao, K. V. (1937) Structure and habits and early development of a new species of Stiliger Ehrenberg. Records of the Indian Museum, 39, 435 - 464." type="journal article" year="1937">Rao, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be excluded due to the lack of a bursa copulatrix in the genital system and the presence of a ventral oesophageal pouch (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B04BCE8E7FDF6A9DC" author="Jensen" box="[390,540,1720,1746]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1985) Annotated checklist of Hong Kong Ascoglossa (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia), with descriptions of four new species. In: Morton, B. & Dudgeon, D. (Eds), Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on the Malacofauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 77 - 107." type="book chapter" year="1985">Jensen 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE821874B05FFE882FD31A8D9" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
On the sea slug forum of Bill Rudman (www.seaslugforum.net), pictures are available of undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E821874B05ADE95CFEFAA812" box="[151,272,1795,1820]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E821874B05ADE95CFEFAA812" box="[151,272,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species which show a similar color pattern to our specimens:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE821874B0135E95DFB12A812" author="Trowbridge" box="[1039,1272,1794,1820]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Trowbridge, C. D. (2005) (Apr 15) Unknown Ercolania sp. from Okinawa. Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find / 13437 (accessed 27 September 2010)" type="journal article" year="2005">Trowbridge (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
depicted one specimen and several further ones are described in their appearance. According to the descriptions, the numbers of the red patches vary from zero to two, a variety that was not observed in our specimens. The digestive gland ducts in the cerata seem to branch more often than in our specimens and they are more inflated. The radula is very similar. Although these specimens are recorded from Okinawa,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="379502FBE821874B0187E9C7FAE9A8BC" box="[1213,1283,1944,1970]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it can not be excluded that this is the species we describe here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE822874805FFEEC7FC72AE9C" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE822874805FFEEC7FEB4AFBC" author="Tani" box="[197,350,152,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Tani, Y. (2006 a) (Feb 24) Placida dendritica or Ercolania subviridis? [2]. Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find / 15928 (accessed 27 September 2010)." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="a">Tani (2006 a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE82287480456EEC7FE96AFBC" author="Tani" box="[364,380,152,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Tani, Y. (2006 b) (Apr 27) Re: Ercolania sp. 5 [2]. Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find / 16459 (accessed 27 September 2010)." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) followed with pictures of a similar specimen on the sea slug forum. The specimen was recorded from Saipan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="379502FBE8228748049EEEE2FD3BAFD9" box="[420,721,189,215]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Northern Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
on
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874807C7EEE2FC56AFD8" box="[765,956,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E822874807C7EEE2FC52AFD8" box="[765,952,189,214]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Boodleaceae" genus="Boodlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Siphonocladales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="coacta">Boodlea coacta</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The animal shows a distinct red patch in the median dorsal part of the body (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE82287480777EEBDFD0FAFF2" author="Tani" box="[589,741,226,252]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Tani, Y. (2006 b) (Apr 27) Re: Ercolania sp. 5 [2]. Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find / 16459 (accessed 27 September 2010)." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">Tani 2006 b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE822874807C6EEBDFC7EAFF2" author="Fujie" box="[764,916,226,252]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Fujie, Y. (2007) (May 1) Re: Ercolania sp. 5 from nthn. Mariana Islands. Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / find. cfm? id = 19445 (accessed 27 September 2010)." type="journal article" year="2007">Fujie (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
depicted further specimens from the same locality and he also mentioned only one brown mark. Therefore an assignment of their specimens to our new species is difficult, although the overall appearance is certainly similar to our specimens. The same applies to a specimen depicted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE8228748048EEF0DFD53AE62" box="[436,697,338,364]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Gosliner, T. M., Behrens, D. W. & Valdes, A. (2008) Indo-pacific nudibranchs and seaslugs. Sea Challengers Natural History Books, Gig Harbor, U. S. A., 426 pp." type="book">
|
||
Gosliner
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E8228748071EEF0DFD8BAE65" box="[548,609,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under the designation
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E822874806F4EF0DFBCCAE65" box="[974,1062,338,363]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Stiliger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874806F4EF0DFBCCAE65" box="[974,1062,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stiliger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 6, which might represent a member of the new species, but coloration has to be verified first.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE822874805FFEFC2FD46AD99" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Only few species are investigated by histological means. It is of interest that the new species described here and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E8228748043FEF9DFE7FAED5" box="[261,405,450,475]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E8228748043FEF9DFE7FAED5" box="[261,405,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit a special gland (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE82287480780EF9DFCEBAED2" box="[698,769,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F, this study;
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE82287480699EF9DFC02AED2" box="[931,1000,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1663]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199205/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE8228748011CEF9DFABDAED2" author="Grzymbowski" box="[1062,1367,450,476]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Grzymbowski, Y., Stemmer, K. & Wagele, H. (2007) On a new Ercolania Trinchese, 1872 (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa, Limapontiidae) living within Boergensenia Feldmann, 1950 (Cladophorales), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology. Zootaxa, 1577, 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Grzymbowski
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874801ECEF9DFAF8AED5" box="[1238,1298,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with undetermined function. The lack of any ducts leading to the outside indicates an endocrine function. Thorough investigation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E822874804DFEC52FC86AD29" authority="Loven, 1844" authorityName="Loven" authorityYear="1844" box="[485,876,525,551]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Alderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="modesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874804DFEC52FD58AD28" box="[485,690,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Alderia modesta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE822874807F9EC52FC89AD29" author="Loven" box="[707,867,525,551]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Loven, S. L. (1844) Om nordiska hafs - mollusker. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 1, 48 - 53." type="journal article" year="1844">Lovén, 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82287480690EC52FED3AD42" authority="Krug, Ellingson, Burton" authorityName="Krug, Ellingson, Burton" authorityYear="2007" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Alderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="willowi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82287480690EC52FBC3AD28" box="[938,1065,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. willowi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE82287480108EC52FED3AD42" author="Krug" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Krug, P. J., Ellingson, R. A., Burton, R. & Valdes, A. (2007) A new poecilogonous species of sea slug (Opisthobranchia: Sacoglossa) from California: comparison with the planktotrophic congener Alderia modesta (Loven, 1844). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 73, 29 - 38." type="journal article" year="2007">Krug, Ellingson, Burton, and Valdés, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Krug &Wägele, unpublished results) did not reveal similar glandular structures. Further histological studies on other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E822874804C6EC07FD9FAD7F" box="[508,629,600,625]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874804C6EC07FD9FAD7F" box="[508,629,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, and also related genera, will show, whether this gland is genus-specific or only present in few species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE822874805FCECFDFE3DAA52" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874805FCECFDFE36ADB2" bold="true" box="[198,476,674,700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Molecular characters.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874804DDECFDFDF4ADB5" box="[487,542,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">CO1</emphasis>
|
||
is one of the major barcoding genes to identify or characterize metazoan species (see http://www.barcodeoflife.org) and has been successfully applied for detection of cryptic speciation (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE82287480460ECB2FDDBAC09" author="Burns" box="[346,561,749,775]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Burns, J. M., Janzen, D. H., Hajibabaei, M., Hallwachs, W. & Hebert, P. D. N. (2008) DNA barcodes and cryptic species of skipper butterflies in the neotropical genus Perichares in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 6350 - 6355." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Burns
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82287480491ECB2FE03AC08" box="[427,489,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE82287480705ECB2FCB9AC09" author="Hajibabaei" box="[575,851,749,775]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Hajibabaei, M., Janzen, D. H., Burns, J. M., Hallwachs, W. & Hebert, P. D. N. (2006) DNA barcodes distinguish species of tropical Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 968 - 971." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Hajibabaei
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874807F1ECB2FCE3AC08" box="[715,777,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE82287480665ECB2FBD4AC09" author="Vaglia" box="[863,1086,749,775]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Vaglia, T., Haxaire, J., Kitching, I. J., Meusnier, I. & Rougerie, R. (2008) Morphology and DNA barcoding reveal three cryptic species within the Xylophanes neoptolemus and loelia species-groups (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Zootaxa, 1923, 18 - 36." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Vaglia
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E8228748068CECB2FC1EAC08" box="[950,1012,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE8228748016EECB2FAD8AC09" box="[1108,1330,749,775]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Krug, P. J., Ellingson, R. A., Burton, R. & Valdes, A. (2007) A new poecilogonous species of sea slug (Opisthobranchia: Sacoglossa) from California: comparison with the planktotrophic congener Alderia modesta (Loven, 1844). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 73, 29 - 38." type="journal article">
|
||
Krug
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874801A0ECB2FB32AC08" box="[1178,1240,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently discovered cryptic speciation in sacoglossan members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E8228748068DED4DFBE5AC25" box="[951,1039,786,811]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Alderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E8228748068DED4DFBE5AC25" box="[951,1039,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Alderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by analysing CO1 data. The new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E822874805CEED67FE87AC5F" box="[244,365,824,849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Alderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="willowi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874805CEED67FE87AC5F" box="[244,365,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. willowi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguishable from the other species involved (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E822874806E3ED67FBB4AC5F" box="[985,1118,824,849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Alderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="modesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874806E3ED67FBB4AC5F" box="[985,1118,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. modesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in ontogeny, morphology and geography (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE822874804B8ED02FDA2AC79" author="Krug" box="[386,584,861,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Krug, P. J., Ellingson, R. A., Burton, R. & Valdes, A. (2007) A new poecilogonous species of sea slug (Opisthobranchia: Sacoglossa) from California: comparison with the planktotrophic congener Alderia modesta (Loven, 1844). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 73, 29 - 38." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Krug
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874804FCED02FDEBAC78" box="[454,513,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The detection of two distinct clades in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E8228748011EED02FB0CAC78" box="[1060,1254,861,886]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E8228748011EED02FB0CAC78" box="[1060,1254,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E822874801D4ED02FAA6AC79" box="[1262,1356,861,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874801D4ED02FAA6AC79" bold="true" box="[1262,1356,861,887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
with a similar sequence divergence as is observed between limapontiid species (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="020077D0E8228748011EEDDDFB85AC92" box="[1060,1135,898,924]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,241,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1674,1938]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Divergence of CO 1 sequences between individuals of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Ea) and related species (only species presenting lowest and highest values are listed). Ercolania fuscata showed lowest values of all Ercolania species and Placida verticillata lowest values in total against E. annelyleorum sp. nov.. Placida dendritica showed highest values against E. annelyleorum sp. nov.." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEBABFD19A965" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="1BFD12E3E826874C05ADEBABFD19A965">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7B95EEEE82287480146EDDDFB28AC92" box="[1148,1218,898,924]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1049,1073]" captionTargetBox="[283,1306,210,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[269,1318,194,1028]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. NeighborNet analysis of Limapontiidae based on mitochondrial CO 1 sequences only without application of evolutionary models, performed with SplitsTree. Note the two distinct branches of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199208/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) in general allows several interpretations: 1. There are pseudogenes present in the species. This would result in different CO1 sequences in the same individual. Usually pseudogenes evolve quicker and since they are not translated, there should be mutations not only in the silent third position, but also in the first and second positions. The translation into aminoacid sequences showed only completely conserved aminoacids, mutations occurred exclusively as silent mutations. 2. There is a cryptic speciation ongoing in this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82287480152EA62FB0BAB58" box="[1128,1249,1085,1110]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82287480152EA62FB0BAB58" box="[1128,1249,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, which shows no differentiation on morphology level yet. The two genetic distinct populations would then co-exist sympatrically in one and the same algal clutch. 3. There are two different mitochondrial lineages coexisting in the species, or even within one and the same individual. We do not know anything on population structures of this new species. Incomplete lineage sorting, as was recently shown for a butterfly family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82287480035EA8DFE31AA1C" authority="Wiemers & Fiedler 2007" authorityName="Wiemers & Fiedler" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Lycaenidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE822874805A5EAA7FE38AA1C" author="Wiemers" box="[159,466,1272,1298]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Wiemers, M. & Fiedler, K. (2007) Does the DNA barcoding gap exist? - A case study in blue butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Frontiers in Zoology, 4: 8 doi: 10.1186 / 1742 - 9994 - 4 - 8." type="journal article" year="2007">Wiemers & Fiedler 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and occasional introgressive hybridisation as a still ongoing genetic exchange, e.g., described in fish populations in ancient lakes (see e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE82287480643EB42FBB7AA39" author="Herder" box="[889,1117,1309,1335]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Herder, F., Nolte, A. W., Pfaender. J., Schwarzer, J., Hadiaty, R. K. & Schliewen, U. K. (2006) Adaptive radiation and hybridization in Wallace's Dreamponds: evidence from sailfin silversides in the Malili Lakes of Sulawesi. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 273, 2209 - 2217." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Herder
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874806EFEB42FBFEAA38" box="[981,1044,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are factors that certainly needs further investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE822874805FFEB37FD53A932" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
In the phylogenetic reconstruction based on a concatenated alignment of all available
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E822874801D1EB37FA77AA8C" box="[1259,1437,1384,1410]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Limapontiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequences,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82287480427EBD2FDD0AAA8" box="[285,570,1421,1446]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82287480427EBD2FDD0AAA8" box="[285,570,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a closer relationship to a species which penetrates into algal cells (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E822874800B9EBD2FEEEAAC2" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874800B9EBD2FEEEAAC2" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but the position is uncertain as nodal support is not high (bootstrap value: 84) and many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82287480012EBECFA76AAC2" box="[1320,1436,1459,1484]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82287480012EBECFA76AAC2" box="[1320,1436,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species were not included. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E8228748075DEB87FD35AAFF" box="[615,735,1496,1521]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E8228748075DEB87FD35AAFF" box="[615,735,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ercolania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is polyphyletic. We do not consider the phylogeny of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E822874805ADEBA2FEA8A919" box="[151,322,1533,1559]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Limapontiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
resolved, nevertheless, the molecular analyses revealed the distinctiveness of this new species and separation from all other included species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F3D426BE822874805FCE818FDCEA8D3" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874805FCE818FE04A96F" bold="true" box="[198,494,1607,1633]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Photosynthetic activity.</emphasis>
|
||
Photosynthetic activity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82287480600E817FBB0A96F" box="[826,1114,1608,1633]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82287480600E817FBB0A96F" box="[826,1114,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ercolania annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E8228748015CE818FB2DA96F" box="[1126,1223,1607,1633]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E8228748015CE818FB2DA96F" bold="true" box="[1126,1223,1607,1633]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was analysed by PAM measurements under starving conditions. Maximum quantum yield values (Φ IIe-max) of the alga
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82287480000E832FA76A988" box="[1338,1436,1645,1670]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Boodleaceae" genus="Boodlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Siphonocladales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82287480000E832FA76A988" box="[1338,1436,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Boodlea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. range between 0.6 and 0.7 indicating a “healthy” photosynthetic activity. The maximum quantum yield values (Φ IIe-max) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82287480456E8E4FDC7A9DA" box="[364,557,1723,1748]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annelyleorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82287480456E8E4FDC7A9DA" box="[364,557,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. annelyleorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66C52302E8228748070FE8E5FD78A9DA" box="[565,658,1722,1748]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E8228748070FE8E5FD78A9DA" bold="true" box="[565,658,1722,1748]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are very low from the very beginning of the experiments. Feeding experiments with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82287480452E8BCFE20A9F2" box="[360,458,1763,1788]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Boodleaceae" genus="Boodlea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Siphonocladales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82287480452E8BCFE20A9F2" box="[360,458,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Boodlea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and subsequent starving experiments clearly show that digestion of chloroplasts occurs within few hours. This is also recognizable by the loss of the green color within the first days of starvation. Similar to the results on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E82287480775E971FD09A849" box="[591,739,1838,1863]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E82287480775E971FD09A849" box="[591,739,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE8228748061FE971FB8BA846" author="Grzymbowski" box="[805,1121,1838,1864]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Grzymbowski, Y., Stemmer, K. & Wagele, H. (2007) On a new Ercolania Trinchese, 1872 (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa, Limapontiidae) living within Boergensenia Feldmann, 1950 (Cladophorales), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology. Zootaxa, 1577, 3 - 16." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Grzymbowski
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874806E0E971FBF2A849" box="[986,1048,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it can be concluded that chloroplasts are not retained in the new species described here.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B133F9AE8228748068AE90CFB7DA863" box="[944,1175,1875,1901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Clark, K. B., Jensen, K. R. & Stirts, H. M. (1990) Survey for functional kleptoplasty among West Atlantic Ascoglossa (= Sacoglossa) (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). The Veliger, 33, 339 - 345." type="journal article">
|
||
Clark
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874806C7E90CFBD6A862" box="[1021,1084,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1990)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that freshly collected animals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888239E8E822874804A4E926FDC5A89C" box="[414,559,1913,1938]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coerulea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DF69E79E822874804A4E926FDC5A89C" box="[414,559,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E. coerulea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
retain plastids in digestive gland diverticula for at least two hours of starvation, but no photosynthate was detectable by isotope tracer techniques in that other species, supporting the hypothesis of direct digestion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |