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<document id="83342712995129FC6DD026FA4EC0A69B" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.021" ID-ISSN="1727-9321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496596" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1705062987214" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Elliott, T. L., Barrett, R. L. &amp; Muasya, A. M." docDate="2019" docId="68465A3B6B721D4703BCD485F6F8FF1F" docLanguage="en" docName="SAfrJBot.121.519-535.pdf" docOrigin="South African Journal of Botany 121" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.021" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4.1:SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4" docStyleName="SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Schoenus graminifolius T. L. Elliott &amp; Muasya, S." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="525" masterDocId="947F22436B741D40032DD230F45EFFF9" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Schoenus cuspidatus and allies (Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae) - Part 1 *" masterLastPageNumber="535" masterPageNumber="519" pageNumber="525" updateTime="1705673609269" updateUser="guilherme">
<mods:mods id="3D19CA75DC029D891ABAAC5061382C1C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="570A0558AE4CEE3D56C6575AE9CC55E0">
<mods:title id="2163D86A8E5F495D2D88015BB16F2DA1">A taxonomic revision of Schoenus cuspidatus and allies (Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae) - Part 1 *</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AE1D1D143547DB4EAF3F775C6FD2C5A2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FF0B44A27FEA9497A776F7D27B817A54">
<mods:roleTerm id="A3B213566BBCCC08423FA5AFAF1DA0D0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="13D95424777A03BE6C49CE1D382D497D">Elliott, T. L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E41BACEBA29E53F24E327D6B524C8F80" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8A120E6A386DA3E41FE026F5C7B3A6D5">
<mods:roleTerm id="C5E9B6488DB1E640B4B413226E6D7C1A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EF6C5CE7DA9A03D18DE4DDA3BF9E427E">Barrett, R. L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="54E3F3E4644FFC67F45F8D9F14C0BD57" type="personal">
<mods:role id="924A4D753C240B3C97F3B87C0CB96C4C">
<mods:roleTerm id="47C02006F48B494475A2AF5B1920021B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DE341CC6CE2C5D25535EEE913A2AB766">Muasya, A. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="19A73B0B09BA45DAF397E5A37E071C17">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="109AEDBC3D7332313F5AB590EEAB0336" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C06EB31DC762A49F09DFB2773744064D">
<mods:title id="DED852BEB7D3D82BBCC74CDC70EBE6B3">South African Journal of Botany</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B8A6285CD9897862307F861B3443C45B">
<mods:date id="E67F0DFACFA8439130683AD44412BAFA">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="605ED27F9B6B1BC3AEC85D57E30EF7A3" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="00E1ADA03E10603378AFB1562D6AC23A">2019-03-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D9BBCCE79593263B4E3CB9739CDE4743" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D2E2E910051E0DE9A0044E6B342B27FF">121</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="EE42CE26F457FBC1D679C6E3AD60F7E1" unit="page">
<mods:start id="320CE3FBB2E1F660F494AE336C68D7BF">519</mods:start>
<mods:end id="ABF40FFCD7BBC3FB9B2AC7A5E591504E">535</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="37E9BC75C65EA8F6EEA282FE9E2766CC">
<mods:url id="B5266CC39DB5D607A4FA1659EB49A7F6">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.021</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="1C9D09057762A9AA8E59289919978E90">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7C20F75687D7E5D33E8B5705B6623C31" type="DOI">10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.021</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="31C92B9B624160241A2DE7CF496EF41F" type="ISSN">1727-9321</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E38192655D588014EE73AA95EC872957" type="Zenodo-Dep">10496596</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="68465A3B6B721D4703BCD485F6F8FF1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68465A3B6B721D4703BCD485F6F8FF1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68465A3B6B721D4703BCD485F6F8FF1F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<subSubSection id="A8F5B8A66B721D4603BCD485F508F91D" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E050EB2D6B721D4603BCD485F508F91D" blockId="6.[113,784,154,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4603BCD485F4FDF931" bold="true" box="[145,163,1717,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="27EF90AE6B721D460385D484F698F930" ID-CoL="8X5LP" authority="(Levyns) T. L. Elliott &amp; Muasya, S." authorityName="T. L. Elliott &amp; Muasya, S." baseAuthorityName="Levyns" box="[168,710,1716,1737]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graminifolius">
<treatmentCitation id="614ECD3C6B721D460385D484F5D0F931" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10523864" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10523864" author="T. L. Elliott &amp; Muasya" box="[168,398,1716,1736]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396E93B3414051BFC8A10CEFBEBD510" journal="S. African J. Bot." page="359" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" score="69.81826011530532" volume="112" year="2017">
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460385D484F5D0F931" bold="true" box="[168,398,1716,1736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Schoenus graminifolius</emphasis>
</treatmentCitation>
(Levyns)
<materialsCitation id="5087E1706B721D4602C3D485F698F930" box="[494,710,1717,1737]" collectingDate="1946-07-29" collectionCode="BOL" collectorName="African J. Bot. &amp; African Bot." country="South Africa" county="Town" location="Levyns" municipality="Lion's Head" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" specimenCode="BOL139426" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">T.L.Elliott &amp; Muasya, S.</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<collectorName id="4D1A8EFB6B721D4601E7D485F4F4F91C" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">African J. Bot.</collectorName>
112: 359 (2017).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8F5B8A66B721D460271D4E0F4A2F8F9" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E050EB2D6B721D460271D4E0F4A2F8F9" blockId="6.[113,784,154,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<treatmentCitation id="614ECD3C6B721D460271D4E0F4A9F8F9" author="Levyns" journal="J. S. African Bot." page="85" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" score="73.24581464374481" volume="13" year="1947">
<taxonomicName id="27EF90AE6B721D460271D4E0F6C9F91D" ID-CoL="55S3P" authority="Levyns, J. S." authorityName="Levyns, J. S." box="[348,663,1744,1765]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graminifolia">
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460271D4E0F67EF91D" box="[348,544,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Tetraria graminifolia</emphasis>
Levyns, J. S.
</taxonomicName>
<collectorName id="4D1A8EFB6B721D4601B0D4E1F74EF91C" box="[669,784,1745,1765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">African Bot.</collectorName>
13: 85 (1947)
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8F5B8A66B721D46022DD4DEF52FF8C1" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E050EB2D6B721D46022DD4DEF52FF8C1" blockId="6.[113,784,154,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<typeStatus id="3F54558F6B721D46022DD4DEF56DF8F8" box="[256,307,1774,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Type</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="98F8ABBD6B721D460216D4DDF5EFF8F9" box="[315,433,1773,1792]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="222B25CF6B721D460297D4DEF6C7F8F9" box="[442,665,1773,1793]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, 3318 (
<collectingRegion id="222B25CF6B721D4601F0D4DDF750F8F9" box="[733,782,1773,1792]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Cape</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty id="093193A16B721D46035CD539F4F0F8E5" box="[113,174,1801,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Town</collectingCounty>
):
<collectingMunicipality id="003471576B721D460392D539F56FF8E5" box="[191,305,1801,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Lion's Head</collectingMunicipality>
, western slopes, (–CD),
<date id="9451CDED6B721D46010DD539F6CEF8E5" box="[544,656,1801,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" value="1946-07-29">
<collectingDate id="841534056B721D46010DD539F6CEF8E5" box="[544,656,1801,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" value="1946-07-29">29 Jul 1946</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4601B7D538F751F8E5" box="[666,783,1800,1820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<location id="E530BDF66B721D4601B7D538F687F8E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68465A3B6B721D4703BCD485F6F8FF1F:E530BDF66B721D4601B7D538F687F8E5" box="[666,729,1800,1820]" country="South Africa" county="Town" municipality="Lion's Head" name="Levyns" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" stateProvince="Western Cape">Levyns</location>
7917
</emphasis>
(BOL!, holo. [
<specimenCode id="B04943566B721D4603C0D515F53CF8C1" box="[237,354,1829,1848]" collectionCode="BOL" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="Herbarium">BOL139426</specimenCode>
]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8F5B8A66B721D4603BCD571F796FCC9" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="description">
<paragraph id="E050EB2D6B721D4603BCD571F796FCC9" blockId="6.[113,784,154,1988]" lastBlockId="6.[828,1498,155,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
Caespitose, phyllopodic perennial graminoid.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460113D570F628F8AD" box="[574,630,1856,1876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Culms</emphasis>
terete, 290–650 ×
<quantity id="271746C86B721D4603A8D56DF4A8F889" box="[133,246,1885,1904]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.4 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4603D0D56CF567F889" box="[253,313,1884,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Leaves</emphasis>
basal, up to height of culm, 2–5, (150–)283–410 × 0.2–0.6(—1.9) mm, usually straight, proximally channelled or not, margin serrate above sheath.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460249D5A3F5F4F85E" box="[356,426,1939,1959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Sheaths</emphasis>
firm, reddish-brown but paler above, longitudinally striate.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460269D59FF525F83A" box="[324,379,1967,1987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Ligule</emphasis>
ranging from scarcely membranaceous to membranaceous with small reddish-purple streaks, 2-lobed, varying in length, (0.5–)1.1–2.5(—5.6) mm long.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4607F1D286F10BFF33" box="[1244,1365,182,202]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
In
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4607C3D287F0A4FF33" bold="true" box="[1262,1274,183,202]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">fl</emphasis>
orescence
</emphasis>
a contracted pseudolateral panicle, 20–39 ×
<quantity id="271746C86B721D460747D2E3F099FF1F" box="[1130,1223,211,230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="7.0">7–15 mm</quantity>
, proximal rachis length usually relatively short, (1–)
<quantity id="271746C86B721D46070CD2DFF021FEFB" box="[1057,1151,239,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="4.0">4–15 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4607AAD2DEF187FEFB" box="[1159,1497,238,258]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
Proximal primary in
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460616D2DFF119FEFB" bold="true" box="[1339,1351,239,258]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">fl</emphasis>
orescence bracts
</emphasis>
sometimes channelled proximally, apex acute to acuminate, widened at base,
<quantity id="271746C86B721D46005CD317F7BBFEC3" box="[881,997,295,314]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="127.5" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="90.0">90–165 mm</quantity>
long, exceeding length of inflorescence up to several times, notable longitudinal veins. Proximal and subproximal primary inflorescence bracts with membranaceous extensions at base.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4606B2D36DF187FE88" box="[1439,1497,349,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Spikes</emphasis>
2–5, (3.0–)7.0–
<quantity id="271746C86B721D4600FDD34BF048FE77" box="[976,1046,379,398]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
long, overlapping.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4607E2D349F17EFE74" box="[1231,1312,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Spikelets</emphasis>
lanceolate, 5.2–7.1 ×
<quantity id="271746C86B721D46007CD3A6F798FE53" box="[849,966,406,426]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.4 mm</quantity>
, pedicellate, 2–11 spikelets per spike, membranaceous or chaffy in texture.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D46072FD381F0ABFE3C" box="[1026,1269,433,453]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Proximal spikelet prophyll</emphasis>
often indistinguishable from lower glumes, with a raised vein extending to mucro, 1.4–3.0(— 4.4) mm long, chaffy, prophyll mucro
<quantity id="271746C86B721D4607E2D3DAF117FE04" box="[1231,1353,490,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="1.3">1.3–3.6 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4606A2D3D9F184FE04" box="[1423,1498,489,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Rachilla</emphasis>
<quantity id="271746C86B721D460011D036F7EEFDE0" box="[828,944,518,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="0.1">0.1–2.4 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4600C6D035F06EFDE0" box="[1003,1072,517,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Glumes</emphasis>
4–7 per spikelet, proximal glume relatively long, (2.0–)
<quantity id="271746C86B721D460083D012F078FDCC" box="[942,1062,546,565]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="3.9" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="3.4">3.4–4.4 mm</quantity>
long, subproximal glume
<quantity id="271746C86B721D460601D012F1FCFDCC" box="[1324,1442,546,565]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="4.45" valueMax="5.3" valueMin="3.6">3.6–5.3 mm</quantity>
long, upper glumes longer than basal ones, apex obtuse. Glume mucros absent or short, proximal mucro
<quantity id="271746C86B721D460744D06AF083FD94" box="[1129,1245,602,621]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="0.1">0.1–1.6 mm</quantity>
long, subproximal mucro 0.1–0.4(—1.7) mm long, lower glumes and mucros usually over half the length of spikelet.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D46073CD0A0F000FD5D" box="[1041,1118,656,676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Stamens</emphasis>
(2–)3(—4) per floret, anthers not measured due to lack of specimens at anthesis.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4607E7D09CF14FFD39" box="[1226,1297,684,704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Stigmas</emphasis>
3-branched, vestigial stigmas of second bisexual floret not observed.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D46062BD0F8F1C2FD25" box="[1286,1436,712,732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Perianth bristles</emphasis>
about half the length of nutlet.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460702D0D4F037FD01" box="[1071,1129,740,760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Nutlet</emphasis>
broad elliptic, trigonous, yellowish in colour, 1.4–2.3 × 1.0–
<quantity id="271746C86B721D46073BD131F03AFCED" box="[1046,1124,769,788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460743D130F082FCED" box="[1134,1244,768,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Nutlet beak</emphasis>
, 0.3–1.0 mm long, hispid (
<figureCitation id="78D4F7A86B721D460068D12DF7DEFCC9" box="[837,896,797,816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[90,115,602,616]" captionTargetBox="[328,1238,143,565]" captionTargetId="figure-246@3.[327,1238,142,566]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig.2. Examples of nutlets from 11 species of the Schoenus cuspidatus and allies group found in southern Africa:A—S.auritus; B—S.graminifolius; C—S.ligulatus; D—S.exilis; E—S.bolusii; F— S.submarginalis; G—S.crassiculmis; H—S.quartziticus; I—S.limosus; J—S.purpurascens; and K—S.calceolus (immature).The black scale bar represents 1 mm.The mature fruits of S.calceolus and S.prophyllus are unknown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496600/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="78D4F7A86B721D460082D12DF7E5FCC9" box="[943,955,797,816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[90,115,1926,1940]" captionTargetBox="[252,1313,1076,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-340@3.[251,1313,1075,1890]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig.3. Examples of plants from six species of the Schoenus cuspidatus and allies group found in southern Africa,showing the corresponding inflorescences andspikelets beneath each plant: A, G and M—S.auritus; B, H and N—S.graminifolius; C, I and O—S. ligulatus; D,J, and P—S.exilis; E,K and Q—S.bolusii; and F, L and R—S.submarginalis. The black scale bar adjacent to the inflorescences in G—L represents 10 mm, while the scale bars adjacent to the spikelets in M—R represent 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496602/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8F5B8A66B721D460071D108F048FC91" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="E050EB2D6B721D460071D108F048FC91" blockId="6.[828,1498,155,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460071D108F7E0FCB5" box="[860,958,824,844]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Flowering:</emphasis>
Flowering specimens not observed, but fruiting occurs from July to November
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8F5B8A66B721D460071D15FF073FC21" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E050EB2D6B721D460071D15FF073FC21" blockId="6.[828,1498,155,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460071D15FF17FFC7A" box="[860,1313,879,899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
Distribution and ecology:
<taxonomicName id="27EF90AE6B721D460761D15FF17FFC7A" box="[1100,1313,879,899]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graminifolius">Schoenus graminifolius</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has been collected from slopes on Lion's Head and Chapman's Peak on the
<collectingRegion id="222B25CF6B721D460667D1BDF126FC59" box="[1354,1400,909,928]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Cape</collectingRegion>
Peninsula (
<figureCitation id="78D4F7A86B721D460068D198F726FC42" box="[837,888,936,955]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[956,981,1972,1986]" captionTargetBox="[862,1464,1443,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-1332@6.[914,1399,1452,1904]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 8. Documented locations of Schoenus graminifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496612/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). This species has been mostly found on granitic soils at elevations greater than
<specimenCount id="F6E920A46B721D4600C7D1F4F073FC21" box="[1002,1069,964,984]" count="120" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="generic">
<quantity id="271746C86B721D4600C7D1F4F077FC21" box="[1002,1065,964,984]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8F5B8A66B721D460071D1EFF175FB4F" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E050EB2D6B721D460071D1EFF175FB4F" blockId="6.[828,1498,155,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460071D1EFF7E7FC0A" box="[860,953,991,1011]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
The spikelets of
<taxonomicName id="27EF90AE6B721D46077CD1EFF085FC0A" box="[1105,1243,991,1011]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graminifolius">
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D46077CD1EFF085FC0A" box="[1105,1243,991,1011]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">S.graminifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from other species in the group as the glumes are papery (or chaffy) with reddish-purple streaks throughout and the apices are usually obtuse. The glumes of the other species in this group are firmer (see
<figureCitation id="78D4F7A86B721D4607D7D604F172FBBE" box="[1274,1324,1076,1095]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[90,115,1926,1940]" captionTargetBox="[252,1313,1076,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-340@3.[251,1313,1075,1890]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig.3. Examples of plants from six species of the Schoenus cuspidatus and allies group found in southern Africa,showing the corresponding inflorescences andspikelets beneath each plant: A, G and M—S.auritus; B, H and N—S.graminifolius; C, I and O—S. ligulatus; D,J, and P—S.exilis; E,K and Q—S.bolusii; and F, L and R—S.submarginalis. The black scale bar adjacent to the inflorescences in G—L represents 10 mm, while the scale bars adjacent to the spikelets in M—R represent 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496602/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), without distinct reddish-purple streaks throughout. The primary inflorescence bracts of
<taxonomicName id="27EF90AE6B721D460079D65AF781FB87" box="[852,991,1130,1150]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graminifolius">
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460079D65AF781FB87" box="[852,991,1130,1150]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">S. graminifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are conspicuously widened at the base, which is similar to
<taxonomicName id="27EF90AE6B721D460054D6B6F793FB63" authorityName="T. L. Elliott &amp; Muasya" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="T. L. Elliott &amp; Muasya" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[889,973,1158,1178]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auritus">
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460054D6B6F793FB63" box="[889,973,1158,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">S. auritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, the notable differences in the glumes can be used to distinguish the two species from each other.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8F5B8A66B721D460071D68FF0D2FB2B" box="[860,1164,1215,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="E050EB2D6B721D460071D68FF0D2FB2B" blockId="6.[828,1498,155,1402]" box="[860,1164,1215,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Additional collections examined</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8F5B8A66B721D470071D6EBF6F8FF1F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E050EB2D6B721D470071D6EBF6F8FF1F" blockId="6.[828,1498,155,1402]" lastBlockId="7.[90,761,154,1988]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<materialsCitation id="5087E1706B721D460071D6EBF111FAF3" collectingDate="1946-10" collectionCode="BOL, K, SAM" collectorName="Levyns" country="South Africa" elevation="600" location="Lion's Head" municipality="Cape Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="WESTERN CAPE">
<collectingCountry id="98F8ABBD6B721D460071D6EBF78CFB17" box="[860,978,1243,1262]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="222B25CF6B721D4600F7D6EBF02BFB17" box="[986,1141,1243,1262]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">WESTERN CAPE</collectingRegion>
:
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D460753D6EBF166FB17" bold="true" box="[1150,1336,1243,1262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
3318 (
<collectingMunicipality id="003471576B721D460794D6EBF173FB17" box="[1209,1325,1243,1262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Cape Town</collectingMunicipality>
):
</emphasis>
W. slopes below
<location id="E530BDF66B721D460011D6C7F7F7FAF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68465A3B6B721D4703BCD485F6F8FF1F:E530BDF66B721D460011D6C7F7F7FAF3" box="[828,937,1271,1290]" country="South Africa" municipality="Cape Town" name="Lion's Head" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" stateProvince="WESTERN CAPE">Lion's Head</location>
, (–CD),
<date id="9451CDED6B721D4600D9D6C7F017FAF3" box="[1012,1097,1271,1290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" value="1946-10">
<collectingDate id="841534056B721D4600D9D6C7F017FAF3" box="[1012,1097,1271,1290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" value="1946-10">Oct 1946</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D46077CD6C6F09EFAF3" box="[1105,1216,1270,1290]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<collectorName id="4D1A8EFB6B721D46077CD6C6F0D0FAF3" box="[1105,1166,1270,1290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Levyns</collectorName>
8092
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="86FE73E86B721D4607E7D6C7F0ABFAF3" box="[1226,1269,1271,1290]" collectionName="BOL" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="Herbarium">BOL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="86FE73E86B721D4607D6D6C8F154FAF2" box="[1275,1290,1272,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="86FE73E86B721D46063FD6C7F11BFAF3" box="[1298,1349,1271,1290]" collectionName="Australia, South Australia, Adelaide, South Australian Museum" country="South Africa" name="South African Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">SAM</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="5087E1706B721D46067FD6C7F004FABB" collectingDate="2005-11-05" collectionCode="BOL" collectorName="Verboom" country="South Africa" elevation="600" location="Clifton" municipality="Signal Hill" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingMunicipality id="003471576B721D46067FD6C7F1ECFAF3" box="[1362,1458,1271,1290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Signal Hill</collectingMunicipality>
, circular path below Lion's Head, N.W.-facing aspect above
<location id="E530BDF66B721D46066FD723F1DCFADF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68465A3B6B721D4703BCD485F6F8FF1F:E530BDF66B721D46066FD723F1DCFADF" box="[1346,1410,1299,1318]" country="South Africa" municipality="Signal Hill" name="Clifton" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" stateProvince="Western Cape">Clifton</location>
, (–CD),
<date id="9451CDED6B721D4606E0D723F7C9FABB" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" value="2005-11-05">
<collectingDate id="841534056B721D4606E0D723F7C9FABB" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" value="2005-11-05">5 Nov 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4600B2D71EF049FABB" box="[927,1047,1326,1346]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<collectorName id="4D1A8EFB6B721D4600B2D71EF7AFFABB" box="[927,1009,1326,1346]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Verboom</collectorName>
905
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="86FE73E86B721D46070CD71FF00EFABB" box="[1057,1104,1327,1346]" collectionName="BOL" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="Herbarium">BOL</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="5087E1706B721D460773D71FF11CFA83" collectingDate="2017-11-15" collectionCode="CD, BOL" collectorName="Elliott &amp; Laidler" country="South Africa" elevation="100" location="Lion's Head" municipality="Signal Hill Rd." pageId="6" pageNumber="525" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
c.
<quantity id="271746C86B721D46075DD71FF0F5FABB" box="[1136,1195,1327,1346]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="m" value="600.0">
<locationDeviation id="F1E2F20F6B721D46075DD71FF0F5FABB" box="[1136,1195,1327,1346]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">600 m</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="003471576B721D4607CCD71FF13DFABB" box="[1249,1379,1327,1346]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Signal Hill Rd.</collectingMunicipality>
along hiking path to
<location id="E530BDF66B721D4600A9D77BF7ACFAA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68465A3B6B721D4703BCD485F6F8FF1F:E530BDF66B721D4600A9D77BF7ACFAA7" box="[900,1010,1355,1374]" country="South Africa" municipality="Signal Hill Rd." name="Lion's Head" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" stateProvince="Western Cape">Lion's Head</location>
, at least
<quantity id="271746C86B721D46076FD77BF020FAA7" box="[1090,1150,1355,1374]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
away from large granitic outcrop, (–
<collectionCode id="86FE73E86B721D460011D757F702FA83" box="[828,860,1383,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">CD</collectionCode>
),
<date id="9451CDED6B721D460041D757F7B7FA83" box="[876,1001,1383,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" value="2017-11-15">
<collectingDate id="841534056B721D460041D757F7B7FA83" box="[876,1001,1383,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" value="2017-11-15">15 Nov 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D4600DED756F0A0FA83" box="[1011,1278,1382,1402]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<collectorName id="4D1A8EFB6B721D4600DED756F074FA83" box="[1011,1066,1382,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Elliott</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="4D1A8EFB6B721D460768D756F0DAFA83" box="[1093,1156,1382,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Laidler</collectorName>
TE2016_282
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="86FE73E86B721D460627D757F166FA83" box="[1290,1336,1383,1402]" collectionName="BOL" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="Herbarium">BOL</collectionCode>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="5087E1706B721D47066AD756F552FF57" collectingDate="1946-10" collectionCode="BOL" collectorName="Elliott &amp; Laidler" country="South Africa" elevation="600" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="526" location="Lion's Head" municipality="Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B721D47066AD756F494FF57" italics="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
<collectorName id="4D1A8EFB6B721D46066AD756F120FA83" box="[1351,1406,1382,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Elliott</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="4D1A8EFB6B721D4606B7D756F187FA83" box="[1434,1497,1382,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Laidler</collectorName>
TE2016_283
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="86FE73E86B731D4703F8D2ABF55DFF57" box="[213,259,155,174]" collectionName="BOL" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="7" pageNumber="526" type="Herbarium">BOL</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="5087E1706B731D470222D2ABF6F8FF1F" collectingDate="2017-01-25" collectionCode="MT" collectorName="Euston-Brown" country="South Africa" elevation="600" location="Chapmans" municipality="Simonstown" pageId="7" pageNumber="526" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B731D470222D2ABF597FF57" bold="true" box="[271,457,155,174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="526">
3418 (
<collectingMunicipality id="003471576B731D470267D2ABF597FF57" box="[330,457,155,174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="526">Simonstown</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
):
<location id="E530BDF66B731D4702F0D2ABF61FFF57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68465A3B6B721D4703BCD485F6F8FF1F:E530BDF66B731D4702F0D2ABF61FFF57" box="[477,577,155,174]" country="South Africa" municipality="Simonstown" name="Chapmans" pageId="7" pageNumber="526" stateProvince="Western Cape">Chapmans</location>
peak drive, just before the day pass turn around point, below the road, permanent monitoring site # 11, (–AB),
<date id="9451CDED6B731D470217D2E3F5F2FF1F" box="[314,428,211,230]" pageId="7" pageNumber="526" value="2017-01-25">
<collectingDate id="841534056B731D470217D2E3F5F2FF1F" box="[314,428,211,230]" pageId="7" pageNumber="526" value="2017-01-25">25 Jan 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="D29B373F6B731D470299D2E2F637FF1F" box="[436,617,210,230]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="526">
<collectorName id="4D1A8EFB6B731D470299D2E2F66BFF1F" box="[436,565,210,230]" pageId="7" pageNumber="526">Euston-Brown</collectorName>
5194
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="86FE73E86B731D470158D2E3F6C5FF1F" box="[629,667,211,230]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="7" pageNumber="526">MT</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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