337 lines
37 KiB
XML
337 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f36ba97-970f-40b6-ab7b-339c1f4cc0ef" ID-PMC="PMC3494023" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-231-1" ID-PubMed="23204912" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-231-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 231" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)" checkinTime="1451248656124" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2012" docId="606AA473FCF94CA4B9B2516201257CA2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 231: 1-116" docOrigin="ZooKeys 231" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687" docTitle="Polytrichophora Cresson" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFE9FFC5E821FFA5FFA88C0071260670" masterDocTitle="A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1668154588673" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>231</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>116</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-231-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037400" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:606AA473FCF94CA4B9B2516201257CA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/606AA473FCF94CA4B9B2516201257CA2" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Polytrichophora" authority="Cresson" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora Cresson</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, ET Jr" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="159 - 164" title="Descriptions of new genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. Paper VI." volume="35" year="1924">Cresson 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 161. Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora agens" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agens">Polytrichophora agens</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, ET Jr" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="159 - 164" title="Descriptions of new genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. Paper VI." volume="35" year="1924">Cresson 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 161, original designation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, ET Jr" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="101 - 128" title="Synopses of North American Ephydridae (Diptera) I. The subfamily Psilopinae, with descriptions of new species." volume="68" year="1942">Cresson 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 114 [review of Nearctic species];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, ET Jr" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="129 - 163" title="A systematic annotated arrangement of the genera and species of the Neotropical Ephydridae (Diptera) I. The subfamily Psilopinae." volume="71" year="1946">1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 143, 151 [review of Neotropical species, key].
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Wirth 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 739-740 [Nearctic catalog];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Woodley, NE" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 64" title="The Diptera of Bermuda." volume="28" year="1994">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 8-9 [Neotropical catalog].
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zatwarnicki, T" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="5 - 51" title="A generic classification of the tribe Discocerinini (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="51" year="2001">Zatwarnicki and Mathis 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 50 [generic diagnosis].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Small to moderately small shore flies, length 1.4-3.5 mm; generally densely microtomentose, dull species (Figs 29-31). Head (Figs 29-30): Frons lacking anterior, proclinate, fronto-orbital seta; face substantially prominent at level of dorsal facial seta; antennal grooves generally sharply defined ventrally; facial setae usually comprising 8 setae, these not arising from shiny papilla and generally decreasing in size from dorsum to venter, appearing as 2 series (Figs 29-30) due to divergent orientation of setae in series; setae of primary series inclinate (setae 1, 2, 5, and 7), generally larger than setae of secondary series except for seta 2, which is much reduced and inserted laterad and sometimes slightly ventrad of seta 1, seta 1 largest of all facials, inclinate (cruciate with opposite seta), but not arising from shiny papilla; setae of secondary series oriented
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">dorsolaterally</pageBreakToken>
|
||
to laterally (setae 3, 4, 6, and 8), usually smaller series than primary series; face lacking a distinctly dorsoclinate seta at ventral extremity; parafacial narrow to moderately wide, generally bearing setulae although sometimes fine and pale or lacking; gena variable but generally short to moderately high. Eye generally oval, conspicuously microsetulose, bearing numerous interfacetal setulae; maxillary palpus yellow. Thorax (Fig. 31): Single presutural and postsutural supra-alar setae well developed; postsutural supra-alar seta reduced, about 1/2 length of postalar seta; acrostichal setae present; notopleuron bearing several setulae in addition to 2 larger setae; anterior notopleural seta inserted conspicuously closer to posterior notopleural seta than to postpronotal seta. Wings transparent; costa bearing 3-5 long, dorsal setae between humeral and subcostal breaks. Forefemur normally developed, lacking row of short, stout setae along posteroventral surface; hindtibia lacking a preapical, ventral, spur-like seta. Abdomen: Tergites variable, but mostly unicolorous, if bicolorous, bearing pale colored areas laterally, but these not distinctly wedge-shaped; 4th tergite of ♂ only slightly longer than 3rd. Male terminalia (Figs 24-27): Epandrium complete or separate dorsally, in posterior view more or less elliptical, 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, in ventral half gradually tapered, or pyriform, broader basally and tapered irregularly to apex, on whole surface bearing distinct setae, in lateral view apical half slightly widen by extension of its ventral portion, apical section of ventral margin often with setae; cerci fused ventrolaterally to medial margin of epandrium, in posterior view generally slightly elongate or hemispherical; gonites rod-shaped without setae, rarely lobate; aedeagus strongly elongate, about 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–6×">-6x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, in dorsal view base generally narrowly triangular, apex rounded, in lateral view trunk of aedeagus with uniform thickness, apex pointed and generally bearing subapically a narrow, membranous flap that generally folds back under aedeagus with about 2/3 length of aedeagus to battered tape 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as aedeagus; hypandrium in dorsal view H-shaped, with transverse cross-bar, anterior arms arcuate, approximate to each other, with narrow arms with uniform thickness or unequal lobate broadened, sometimes to different degree at apex interrupted or/and with reduced cross-bar, in lateral view hypandrium flat, slightly directed dorsally; phallapodeme separate from aedeagus, in posterior view elongate with extension at base and bifurcate anteriorly, in lateral view subtriangular or subrectangular, with dorsal margin slightly bent ventrally, ventral margin irregularly U-shaped, middle part of apodeme with ventral broad appendix, sometimes slightly directed anteriad; ejaculatory apodeme absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
This is one of the few genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ephydridae" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that occurs worldwide and in temperate or tropical environments. The New World, with 23 species, currently has greater species diversity. Worldwide there are 35 species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually associated with mud-shore and sand-shore habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deonier, DL" journalOrPublisher="Iowa Academy of Science" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="496 - 510" title="Ecological observations on Iowa shore flies (Diptera, Ephydridae)." volume="71" year="1965">Deonier 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or rarely with a marsh-reed habitat (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Scheiring, JF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="152 - 166" title="Habitat distribution of the shore flies of northeastern Ohio (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="73" year="1973">Scheiring and Foote 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We usually found greatest diversity and abundance while collecting on mud and sandy shores that had a mat-like covering of algae. Some species, as will be noted with their individual treatment, are tolerant of mildly saline conditions and occur on mud and sandy shores where the water is brackish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Facitrithophora" lsidName="Facitrithophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="genus">Facitrithophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrochasma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hendel (New World genera), form a monophyletic lineage within the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="tribe" tribe="Discocerinini">Discocerinini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as noted previously under the tribal diagnosis.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from other genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
group by the following synapomorphies: (1) facial setae with a secondary series of dorsolaterally inclined setae laterad to inclinate primary series (Figs 29-30); (2) parafacial setulose (Figs 29-30); (3) gena short to moderately high (Fig. 30); (4) eye densely pilose; (5) cerci usually fused ventrally or ventrolaterally with epandrium; (6) epandrium with dorsal portion above the cerci weakened, thin, or absent; (7) anterior margin of hypandrium deeply incised; (8) subapical ventral aedeagal appendix (the plesiomorphic condition is an aedeagus without appendices).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="key to species of polytrichophora from the new world">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Key to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the New World
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<table lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora pulchra" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Polytrichophora pulchra</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora desmata" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmata">Polytrichophora desmata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora adarca" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adarca">Polytrichophora adarca</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Fig. 48Fig. 49</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora conciliata" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conciliata">Polytrichophora conciliata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Fig. 59Fig. 60</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora marinoniorum" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinoniorum">Polytrichophora marinoniorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora arnaudorum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnaudorum">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">Polytrichophora</pageBreakToken>
|
||
arnaudorum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora agens" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agens">Polytrichophora agens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora reginae" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reginae">Polytrichophora reginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora prolata" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolata">Polytrichophora prolata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora salix" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salix">Polytrichophora salix</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Figs 53-55</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora flavella" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavella">Polytrichophora flavella</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Figs 74-75</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora sinuosa" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosa">Polytrichophora sinuosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Fig. 44 P. barba</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Fig. 70</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora setulosa" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setulosa">Polytrichophora setulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Fig. 65</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora rostra" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostra">Polytrichophora rostra</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Figs 104-105Fig. 106</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora setigera" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setigera">Polytrichophora setigera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Figs 94-95Fig. 96</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora orbitalis" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbitalis">Polytrichophora orbitalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Figs 89-90</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora mimbres" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimbres">Polytrichophora mimbres</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Figs 109-110</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora sturtevantorum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sturtevantorum">Polytrichophora sturtevantorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="the conciliata group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">The conciliata group</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="species included">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Species included:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora adarca" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adarca">Polytrichophora adarca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora agens" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agens">Polytrichophora agens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora arnaudorum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnaudorum">Polytrichophora arnaudorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora barba" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barba">Polytrichophora barba</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora conciliata" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conciliata">Polytrichophora conciliata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora flavella" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavella">Polytrichophora flavella</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora marinoniorum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinoniorum">Polytrichophora marinoniorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora rostra" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostra">Polytrichophora rostra</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora setulosa" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setulosa">Polytrichophora setulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora sinuosa" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosa">Polytrichophora sinuosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Discussion.Synapomorphies for the conciliata group are: phallapodeme bar-like and separated from hypandrium; hypandrium small, H- or C-shaped. Within the conciliata group there are two assemblages of species based primarily on the shape of the epandrium in lateral view. The first assemblage, which includes
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora agens" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agens">Polytrichophora agens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora barba" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barba">Polytrichophora barba</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora flavella" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavella">Polytrichophora flavella</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora rostra" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostra">Polytrichophora rostra</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora setulosa" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setulosa">Polytrichophora setulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson, is characterized by a wide hypandrium that bears a shallow and arched posterior margin with long apical arms (reduced in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora agens" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agens">Polytrichophora agens</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Suggested relationships among these species in parenthetic notation are:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora barba" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barba">Polytrichophora barba</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora rostra" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostra">Polytrichophora rostra</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora setulosa" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setulosa">Polytrichophora setulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson) (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora agens" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agens">Polytrichophora agens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora flavella" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavella">Polytrichophora flavella</taxonomicName>
|
||
). An apomorphy for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora barba" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barba">Polytrichophora barba</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence of a dense tuft of setulae on the epandrium. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora rostra" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostra">Polytrichophora rostra</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora setulosa" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setulosa">Polytrichophora setulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a crescent-shaped ventral epandrial process (surstylus) and have pronounced asymmetry of the anterior hypandrial arms. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora agens" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agens">Polytrichophora agens</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora flavella" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavella">Polytrichophora flavella</taxonomicName>
|
||
have an asymmetrical epandrium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The second assemblage, which includes
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora adarca" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adarca">Polytrichophora adarca</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora arnaudorum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnaudorum">Polytrichophora arnaudorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora conciliata" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conciliata">Polytrichophora conciliata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora marinoniorum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinoniorum">Polytrichophora marinoniorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora sinuosa" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosa">Polytrichophora sinuosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is characterized by a small H-shaped hypandrium in ventral view, and the relationships of its included species in parenthetic notation are:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora arnaudorum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnaudorum">Polytrichophora arnaudorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora adarca" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adarca">Polytrichophora adarca</taxonomicName>
|
||
((
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora conciliata" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conciliata">Polytrichophora conciliata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora marinoniorum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinoniorum">Polytrichophora marinoniorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora sinuosa" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosa">Polytrichophora sinuosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
))). An apomorphy for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora arnaudorum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnaudorum">Polytrichophora arnaudorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the long anterior process of the aedeagus (basiphallus). For other species of this group, there is a narrow ventral epandrial process (surstylus). Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora adarca" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adarca">Polytrichophora adarca</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a shortened ventral epandrial process (surstylus). For other species, there is a lateral projection on the distiphallus and a narrowed anterior process
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the aedeagus (basiphallus). Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora conciliata" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conciliata">Polytrichophora conciliata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora marinoniorum" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marinoniorum">Polytrichophora marinoniorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a digitiform ventral epandrial process (surstylus), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora sinuosa" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosa">Polytrichophora sinuosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an elongated ventral epandrial process (surstylus).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |