265 lines
36 KiB
XML
265 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2021.022" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167583" approvalRequired="51" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="7" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="44" checkinTime="1665260545767" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wheeler, Elisabeth A. & Manchester, Steven R." docDate="2021" docId="039787B7FF98FF9BFC31DD46B5ACFE92" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.77.2.299-329.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 77 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2021.022" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.2:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii Wheeler & Manchester 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="310" masterDocId="FFAEFFCFFF91FF90FFFED964B118FFA2" masterDocTitle="A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa" masterLastPageNumber="329" masterPageNumber="299" pageNumber="308" updateTime="1665273515484" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wheeler, Elisabeth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-02-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>77</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:start>299</mods:start>
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<mods:end>329</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2021.022</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2021.022</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7167583</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787B7FF98FF9BFC31DD46B5ACFE92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787B7FF98FF9BFC31DD46B5ACFE92" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="308" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[975,1350,1058,1083]" box="[975,1350,1058,1083]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">
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<heading box="[975,1350,1058,1083]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="308" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[975,1350,1058,1083]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wheeler & Manchester, 2021" authorityName="Wheeler & Manchester" authorityYear="2021" box="[975,1257,1058,1082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="308" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ashwillii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[975,1257,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1264,1350,1059,1083]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[1088,1237,1090,1114]" box="[1088,1237,1090,1114]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">
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<figureCitation box="[1088,1237,1090,1114]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[125,206,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[120,1440,137,1873]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vesselelements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical,RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167593/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">Text-fig. 5a–g</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="9" pageNumber="308" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1137,1194]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">H o l o t y p e. Designated here. UF 279-24559 (Textfig. 5a–g).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1479,1217,1273]" box="[881,1479,1217,1241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1479,1217,1273]" box="[843,1176,1249,1273]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">PFN 002680 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1296,1352]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">
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<materialsCitation box="[881,1482,1296,1320]" collectionCode="R" location="Paleobotany Collections" pageId="9" pageNumber="308" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
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<collectionCode box="[881,899,1296,1319]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">R</collectionCode>
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e p o s i t o r y.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787B7FF98FF9BFC31DD46B5ACFE92:8EE1607AFF98FF99FBC3DC74B443FA8A" box="[1085,1371,1296,1320]" name="Paleobotany Collections" pageId="9" pageNumber="308" stateProvince="Florida">Paleobotany Collections</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1405,1482,1296,1320]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">Florida</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation box="[843,1432,1328,1352]" collectionCode="R" country="United States of America" location="Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="308" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787B7FF98FF9BFC31DD46B5ACFE92:8EE1607AFF98FF99FCB5DC54B56BFAEA" box="[843,1139,1328,1352]" country="United States of America" name="Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="308" stateProvince="Florida">Museum of Natural History</location>
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, Gainesville,
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<collectingRegion box="[1285,1365,1328,1352]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">Florida</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1375,1432,1328,1352]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">USA</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1375,1431]" box="[881,1482,1375,1399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">
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T y p e l o c a l i t y. UF 279. About
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<quantity box="[1281,1337,1375,1399]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="308" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
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east of Post,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1375,1431]" box="[843,1160,1407,1431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">
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Crook County,
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<collectingRegion box="[1006,1089,1407,1431]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">Oregon</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1100,1157,1407,1431]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">USA</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1454,1510]" box="[881,1482,1454,1479]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">T y p e s t r a t u m a n d a g e. John Day Formation,</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1454,1510]" box="[843,929,1487,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">Eocene.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1533,1589]" box="[881,1482,1533,1558]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">E t y m o l o g y. Named for Melvin Ashwill, who alerted</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1533,1589]" box="[843,1199,1565,1589]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">
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S. R.
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<collectingRegion box="[902,1026,1565,1589]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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to these woods.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1612,1861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">D i a g n o s i s. Growth rings distinct. Semi-ring-porous to diffuse-porous. Exclusively solitary vessels in a diagonal to radial arrangement. Simple perforation plates. Vesselray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, often vertically elongate. Vasicentric tracheids present. Axial parenchyma diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates and in uniseriate lines. Nonseptate fibers. Uniseriate rays and aggregate rays composed of loosely associated narrow rays.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1883,2100]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">
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D e s c r i p t i o n. Minimum estimated diameter of
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<quantity box="[843,912,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="308" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1883,2100]" box="[881,1316,1947,1971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">Growth rings distinct. Semi-ring-porous.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[843,1482,1883,2100]" lastBlockId="11.[128,768,151,754]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">
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Vessels in diagonal to radial alignment; exclusively solitary, round to oval in outline (
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<figureCitation box="[1233,1398,2011,2035]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[125,206,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[120,1440,137,1873]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vesselelements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical,RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167593/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="308">Text-fig. 5a, b</figureCitation>
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), mean tangential diameter of the earlywood vessels (first three rows) 208 (28)–215 (39) µm, 160–260 µm. Simple perforation plates (
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<figureCitation box="[205,359,151,175]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[125,206,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[120,1440,137,1873]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vesselelements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical,RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167593/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Text-fig. 5c, d</figureCitation>
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), end walls of vessel elements usually horizontal (
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||
<figureCitation box="[254,386,183,208]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[125,206,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[120,1440,137,1873]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vesselelements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical,RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167593/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">
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Text-fig.
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<quantity box="[357,386,183,207]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" unit="g" value="5.0">5g</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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||
). Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders and commonly vertically elongated (Textfig. 5d). Thin-walled tyloses common in wider vessels.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167593/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="309" startId="10.[125,206,1881,1902]" targetBox="[125,1440,144,1866]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[125,1440,1881,2108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="309">
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Text-fig. 5.
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<taxonomicName authority="Wheeler & Manchester, 2021" authorityName="Wheeler & Manchester" authorityYear="2021" box="[241,496,1881,1902]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ashwillii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[241,496,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="309">Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[502,580,1881,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="309" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vessel elements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical, RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT).
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||
<taxonomicName box="[285,484,2028,2049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="309" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[285,449,2028,2049]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="309">Lithocarpoxylon</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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, UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[128,768,151,754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">
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Non-septate fibers of medium wall thickness. Some with small (ca. 3 µm) bordered pits on radial walls. Vasicentric tracheids present (
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<figureCitation box="[322,476,344,368]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[125,206,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[120,1440,137,1873]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vesselelements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical,RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167593/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Text-fig. 5c, g</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[128,768,151,754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">
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Axial parenchyma apotracheal diffuse, diffuse-inaggregates, and in 1-seriate lines (
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<figureCitation box="[495,651,408,432]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[125,206,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[120,1440,137,1873]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vesselelements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical,RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167593/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Text-fig. 5a, b</figureCitation>
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), 4–8 cells per strand.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[128,768,151,754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">
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Rays uniseriate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[343,492,472,497]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[125,206,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[120,1440,137,1873]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vesselelements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical,RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167593/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Text-fig. 5f, g</figureCitation>
|
||
), homocellular composed of procumbent cells and heterocellular with some square and upright cells; upright and square cells more common in region of vessels. Some loosely aggregate rays composed of 1–2(–3)-seriate rays (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[355,480,601,625]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[125,206,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[120,1440,137,1873]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vesselelements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical,RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167593/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Text-fig. 5f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rays 2–15–47 cells high; uniseriate rays 12–15–18/mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[128,768,151,754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">
|
||
Solitary prismatic crystals occasional in chambered axial parenchyma, 1 crystal per chamber, number of chambers 2–10 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[196,323,729,753]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="10.[125,206,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,144,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[120,1440,137,1873]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vesselelements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical,RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167593/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Text-fig. 5e</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[128,768,777,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">
|
||
C o m p a r i s o n s w i t h e x t a n t w o o d s. The affinities of this wood are clearly with the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[577,676,809,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of the combination of semi-ring-porosity (4p), exclusively solitary vessels that are in a radial to diagonal arrangement (7p 9p), vertical vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders (32p), vasicentric tracheids (60p), and aggregate rays (101p).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[128,768,777,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">
|
||
Aggregate rays are rare in this fossil and comprised of loosely associated narrow ray
|
||
<emphasis box="[518,528,1034,1057]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">s</emphasis>
|
||
, similar to rays of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(HOOK. et ARN.) MANOS, CANNON et S. H. OH" authorityName="MANOS, CANNON et S. H. OH" baseAuthorityName="HOOK. et ARN." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Notholithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="densiflorus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[128,452,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Notholithocarpus densiflorus</emphasis>
|
||
(HOOK. et ARN.) MANOS, CANNON et S.H.OH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(synonym:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(HOOK. et ARN.) REHDER" authorityName="REHDER" baseAuthorityName="HOOK. et ARN." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="densiflorus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[502,767,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Lithocarpus densiflorus</emphasis>
|
||
(HOOK. et ARN.) REHDER
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (BWCw 8593). Images in InsideWood, the on-line FFPRI Database of Japanese Woods (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[135,200,1194,1218]" family="Wood" pageId="11" pageNumber="324" rank="family">Wood</taxonomicName>
|
||
Identification Database Team, FFPRI accessed 2020–2021), and wood anatomical atlases (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ilic, J." box="[593,693,1226,1250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" refId="ref24677" refString="Ilic, J. (1991): CSIRO Atlas of Hardwoods. - Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 525 pp." type="book" year="1991">Ilic 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ogata, K. & Fujii, T. & Abe, H. & Baas, P." pageId="11" pageNumber="310" refId="ref26432" refString="Ogata, K., Fujii, T., Abe, H., Baas, P. (2008): Identification of the Timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. - Kaiseisha Press, Otsu, 400 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / HF. 2008.132" type="book" year="2008">Ogata et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) indicate that aggregate rays in the evergreen oaks and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[243,546,1290,1314]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis box="[243,372,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
BLUME species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more common and composed of considerably wider individual rays. Two samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(D. DON) SPACH" authorityName="SPACH" baseAuthorityName="D. DON" box="[267,580,1354,1379]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[267,397,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
||
(D.DON) SPACH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TWTw 22503, TWTw 15003) have aggregate rays composed of 1–3-seriate rays, but they were more closely associated than in this fossil. It is tempting to consider that this fossil might have affinities with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="MANOS, CANNON et S. H. OH" authorityName="MANOS, CANNON et S. H. OH" box="[282,760,1483,1507]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Notholithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[282,469,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Notholithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
MANOS, CANNON et S.H.OH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a western North America endemic, found to be more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[256,386,1547,1570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[256,386,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Manos et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Manos" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[504,633,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Manos, P. S. & Cannon, C. H. & Oh, S. - H." pageId="11" pageNumber="310" pagination="181 - 190" refId="ref26024" refString="Manos, P. S., Cannon, C. H., Oh, S. - H. (2008): Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of the paleoendemic Fagaceae of western North America: recognition of a new genus, Notholithcarpus. - Madrono, 55 (3): 181 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.3120 / 0024 - 9637 - 55.3.181" type="journal article" year="2008">Manos et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, we only saw a small sampling of the hundreds of extant species of evergreen oaks,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[630,760,1612,1635]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[630,760,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[172,301,1643,1667]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,301,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so we cannot be certain of that relationship.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[128,768,1690,2100]" lastBlockId="11.[843,1482,152,304]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">
|
||
C o m p a r i s o n s w i t h f o s s i l w o o d s. In their useful overview of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[360,449,1723,1746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[360,449,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. and
|
||
<emphasis box="[556,654,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Quercus-</emphasis>
|
||
like fossil woods,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suzuki, M. & Ohba, H." box="[218,499,1755,1779]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" pagination="255 - 274" refId="ref27732" refString="Suzuki, M., Ohba, H. (1991): A revision of fossil wood of Quercus and its allies in Japan. - Journal of Japanese Botany, 66 (5): 255 - 274." type="journal article" year="1991">Suzuki and Ohba (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
emended the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Petrescu 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Petrescu" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[160,516,1787,1811]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,336,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Lithocarpoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Petrescu, L." box="[352,509,1787,1811]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" pagination="113 - 184" refId="ref26615" refString="Petrescu, L. (1978): Studiul lemnelor fosile din Oligocenul din nord-vestul Transilvaniei [Study of fossil wood from the Oligocene of northwest Transylvania]. - Institut Geologie si Geofizica, Memorii 27: 113 - 184, 74 pls. (in Romanian)" type="journal article" year="1978">Petrescu 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and indicated that this name should be applied to fagaceous woods that are diffuse to semi-ring-porous, with radially arranged pores, and aggregate rays. They noted that this combination occurred not only in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[248,377,1915,1939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[248,377,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in evergreen species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[678,767,1916,1939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[678,767,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and tropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[411,541,1948,1971]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[411,541,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We are following Suzuki and Ohba’s recommendation and assigning this Post Hammer wood to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Petrescu" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[381,557,2012,2036]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[381,557,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Lithocarpoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To the best of our knowledge, no other
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Petrescu" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[370,546,2044,2068]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[370,546,2044,2068]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">Lithocarpoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has aggregate rays composed of such loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, so we designate it a new species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Selmeier, A. & Velitzelos, E." box="[1145,1481,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310" pagination="213 - 227" refId="ref27381" refString="Selmeier, A., Velitzelos, E. (2000): Neue Aufsammlungen von verkieselten Holzresten aus tertiaren Schichten Griechenlands (Lesbos, Kastoria, Thrakien). - Mitteilungun der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und Historische Geologie, 40: 213 - 227." type="journal article" year="2000">Selmeier and Velitzelos (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described evergreen oak
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1107,1167,184,208]" pageId="11" pageNumber="310">types</typeStatus>
|
||
; transverse sections of two of their samples (15 and 20) suggest the possibility of similar aggregate rays, but, unfortunately, there were no tangential sections provided for verification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |