treatments-xml/data/99/30/DA/9930DAE3668A59F5BB00CBC4BF493041.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.925.39691" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd72aac6-9c05-4ca2-bfc8-dbf5dc462aa4" ID-PMC="PMC7160194" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-925-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DCC1953545B9557EA73102AE6D25711F" ID-PubMed="32317852" ID-ZooBank="BB966609087849A1B13C138C2495E6B7" ModsDocID="1313-2970-925-1" checkinTime="1586365656080" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Maddison, Wayne P., Maddison, David R., Derkarabetian, Shahan &amp; Hedin, Marshal" docDate="2020" docId="9930DAE3668A59F5BB00CBC4BF493041" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 925: 1-54" docOrigin="ZooKeys 925" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.925.39691" docTitle="Attulus (Attulus) floricola" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="DCC1953545B9557EA73102AE6D25711F" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="DCC1953545B9557EA73102AE6D25711F" masterDocTitle="Sitticine jumping spiders: phylogeny, classification, and chromosomes (Araneae, Salticidae, Sitticini)" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168695961" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Sitticine jumping spiders: phylogeny, classification, and chromosomes (Araneae, Salticidae, Sitticini)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Maddison, Wayne P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departments of Zoology and Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, V 6 T 1 Z 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Maddison, David R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Derkarabetian, Shahan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA &amp; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Hedin, Marshal</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>925</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163540035" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9930DAE3668A59F5BB00CBC4BF493041" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9930DAE3668A59F5BB00CBC4BF493041" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="9930DAE3-668A-59F5-BB00-CBC4BF493041" authority="(C. L. Koch, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attulus (Attulus) floricola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floricola" subGenus="Attulus">Attulus (Attulus) floricola (C.L. Koch, 1837)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 31–38" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 31 - 38. Attulus subgenus Attulus, continued (floricola group) 31, 32 Attulus sylvestris: 31 male, Ontario, Ottawa 32 male, Maryland, Dorchester Co 33 - 35 A. floricola: 33 male, Ontario, Port Cunnington 34 male, Ontario (46.9300, - 79.7268) 35 male, Ontario, Gravenhurst 36 - 38 A. inexpectus: 36, 37 male, Tuva (50.6690, 92.9844) 38 female, Tuva (51.316, 94.495). For additional images of the floricola group, see Figs 49 - 58." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures31-38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397985" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 33-35</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–68" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 49 - 68. Sitticines of Canada: Attulus subgenus Attulus (for A. ammophilus, see Figs 69 - 73) 49 - 53 Attulus floricola: 49 palp (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 50, 51 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 52 male (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 53 female (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 54 - 58 Attulus sylvestris: 54 palp (Ontario, Ottawa) 55, 56 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Ottawa) 57 male (California, 36.3646, - 121.5544) 58 female (Ontario, 42.55, - 80.13) 59 - 63 Attulus striatus: 59 palp (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 60, 61 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 62 male (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 63 female (New Hampshire, Ponemah Bog) 64 - 68 Attulus cutleri: 64 palp (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 65, 66 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 67 male (Northwest Territories, Inuvik) 68 female (Yukon, 67.57, - 139.67). For habitus of other Attulus species, see Figs 15 - 38." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures49-68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 49-53</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Euophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euophrys floricola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floricola">Euophrys floricola</taxonomicName>
C. L. Koch, 1837.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peckham &amp; Peckham" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Salticidae" genus="Attus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attus palustris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">Attus palustris</taxonomicName>
Peckham &amp; Peckham, 1883 (specimens in MCZ labelled as types, examined, but see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Salticidae" genus="Attus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attus morosus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morosus">Attus morosus</taxonomicName>
Banks, 1895 (synonymized by 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
1980; confirmed here by examination of holotype female in MCZ from Olympia, Washington).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A widespread Holarctic species often found in retreats in dry flower heads in wetter areas such as marshes, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctive for the sharp white lines around the eyes of males, forming an apparent mask (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 31–38" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 31 - 38. Attulus subgenus Attulus, continued (floricola group) 31, 32 Attulus sylvestris: 31 male, Ontario, Ottawa 32 male, Maryland, Dorchester Co 33 - 35 A. floricola: 33 male, Ontario, Port Cunnington 34 male, Ontario (46.9300, - 79.7268) 35 male, Ontario, Gravenhurst 36 - 38 A. inexpectus: 36, 37 male, Tuva (50.6690, 92.9844) 38 female, Tuva (51.316, 94.495). For additional images of the floricola group, see Figs 49 - 58." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures31-38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397985" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attulus floricola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attulus floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has often been confused in the past with its close relatives, but the distinctions have been clarified considerably by 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
(1980) and 
<bibRefCitation author="Logunov, DV" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="225 - 233" refId="B30" refString="Logunov, DV, Kronestedt, T, 1997. A new Palearctic species of the genus Sitticus Simon, with notes on related species in the floricola group (Araneae, Salticidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 10: 225 - 233" title="A new Palearctic species of the genus Sitticus Simon, with notes on related species in the floricola group (Araneae, Salticidae)." volume="10" year="1997">Logunov and Kronestedt (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
We treat the North American populations as full 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="floricola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not a distinct subspecies. While Nearctic populations were long recognized as a separate species 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="palustris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
(1980) suggested they are conspecific with the Eurasian populations. He maintained them as a distinct subspecies, but he expressed doubt as to whether even that distinction was warranted. We concur with his skepticism. If any consistent differences exist between the continents, they are no more visible than any differences that might exist between the Eurasian and North American populations of other species for which we 
<normalizedToken originalValue="don’t">don't</normalizedToken>
recognize subspecies such as 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peckham &amp; Peckham" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Sittisax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sittisax ranieri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranieri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sittisax ranieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Proszynski" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attulus cutleri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cutleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attulus cutleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Dendryphantes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendryphantes nigromaculatus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dendryphantes nigromaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Keyserling, 1885), 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pellenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pellenes ignifrons" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignifrons">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pellenes ignifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Grube, 1861), and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sundevall" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pellenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pellenes lapponicus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapponicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pellenes lapponicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sundevall, 1833).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The results of our COI analysis of Palearctic and Nearctic 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pellenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="floricola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 104. Relationships among Attulus floricola mitochondrial COI sequences in the context of the floricola group. Specimens in bold had their relationships constrained by the UCE phylogeny of Fig. 48; not shown are the relationships outside the floricola group, which are fixed to match the UCE phylogeny. The placement of non-bold specimens on this constrained skeletal tree was inferred by maximum likelihood (RAxML, codon positions as separate partitions)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397991" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">104</figureCitation>
) show all 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pellenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="floricola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be close on the gene tree, with the New World specimens in two clades (not clearly related to one another) and the German specimens in a third clade. This suggests that 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not cleanly or deeply divided between the Nearctic and Palearctic. The molecular and morphological evidence leads us to fully synonymize 
<taxonomicName lsidName="palustris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into 
<taxonomicName lsidName="floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Within North America, the characterization of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been muddied by confusion with a second species, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName=", restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola" baseAuthorityName="Emerton" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attulus sylvestris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attulus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, long synonymized with 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="palustris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is a distinctively different species. 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attulus floricola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attulus floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger-bodied, has a much more contrasting colour pattern, and longer legs. 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attulus floricola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attulus floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a different angle of the spermaphore loop (subtle but consistent; Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–68" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 49 - 68. Sitticines of Canada: Attulus subgenus Attulus (for A. ammophilus, see Figs 69 - 73) 49 - 53 Attulus floricola: 49 palp (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 50, 51 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 52 male (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 53 female (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 54 - 58 Attulus sylvestris: 54 palp (Ontario, Ottawa) 55, 56 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Ottawa) 57 male (California, 36.3646, - 121.5544) 58 female (Ontario, 42.55, - 80.13) 59 - 63 Attulus striatus: 59 palp (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 60, 61 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 62 male (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 63 female (New Hampshire, Ponemah Bog) 64 - 68 Attulus cutleri: 64 palp (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 65, 66 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 67 male (Northwest Territories, Inuvik) 68 female (Yukon, 67.57, - 139.67). For habitus of other Attulus species, see Figs 15 - 38." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures49-68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">49</figureCitation>
vs. Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–68" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 49 - 68. Sitticines of Canada: Attulus subgenus Attulus (for A. ammophilus, see Figs 69 - 73) 49 - 53 Attulus floricola: 49 palp (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 50, 51 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 52 male (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 53 female (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 54 - 58 Attulus sylvestris: 54 palp (Ontario, Ottawa) 55, 56 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Ottawa) 57 male (California, 36.3646, - 121.5544) 58 female (Ontario, 42.55, - 80.13) 59 - 63 Attulus striatus: 59 palp (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 60, 61 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 62 male (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 63 female (New Hampshire, Ponemah Bog) 64 - 68 Attulus cutleri: 64 palp (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 65, 66 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 67 male (Northwest Territories, Inuvik) 68 female (Yukon, 67.57, - 139.67). For habitus of other Attulus species, see Figs 15 - 38." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures49-68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54</figureCitation>
), and in females the darkness of the spermathecal lobe is visible through the anteriormost portion of the epigynal atrium (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–68" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 49 - 68. Sitticines of Canada: Attulus subgenus Attulus (for A. ammophilus, see Figs 69 - 73) 49 - 53 Attulus floricola: 49 palp (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 50, 51 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 52 male (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 53 female (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 54 - 58 Attulus sylvestris: 54 palp (Ontario, Ottawa) 55, 56 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Ottawa) 57 male (California, 36.3646, - 121.5544) 58 female (Ontario, 42.55, - 80.13) 59 - 63 Attulus striatus: 59 palp (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 60, 61 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 62 male (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 63 female (New Hampshire, Ponemah Bog) 64 - 68 Attulus cutleri: 64 palp (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 65, 66 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 67 male (Northwest Territories, Inuvik) 68 female (Yukon, 67.57, - 139.67). For habitus of other Attulus species, see Figs 15 - 38." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures49-68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">50</figureCitation>
vs. Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–68" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 49 - 68. Sitticines of Canada: Attulus subgenus Attulus (for A. ammophilus, see Figs 69 - 73) 49 - 53 Attulus floricola: 49 palp (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 50, 51 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Gravenhurst) 52 male (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 53 female (Ontario, 46.9300, - 79.7268) 54 - 58 Attulus sylvestris: 54 palp (Ontario, Ottawa) 55, 56 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, Ottawa) 57 male (California, 36.3646, - 121.5544) 58 female (Ontario, 42.55, - 80.13) 59 - 63 Attulus striatus: 59 palp (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 60, 61 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 62 male (Ontario, 45.1453, - 75.8467) 63 female (New Hampshire, Ponemah Bog) 64 - 68 Attulus cutleri: 64 palp (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 65, 66 ventral view of epigyne, dorsal view of cleared vulva (Northwest Territories, Wrigley) 67 male (Northwest Territories, Inuvik) 68 female (Yukon, 67.57, - 139.67). For habitus of other Attulus species, see Figs 15 - 38." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures49-68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">55</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName=", restored (removed from synonymy with S. floricola" baseAuthorityName="Emerton" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Attulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attulus sylvestris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attulus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has genitalia more similar to those of the Eurasian 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. caricis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caricis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. caricis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. rupicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rupicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. rupicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. inexpectus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="inexpectus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. inexpectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as noted below. The synonymy of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="palustris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally proposed by 
<bibRefCitation author="Peckham, GW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="355 - 655" refId="B46" refString="Peckham, GW, Peckham, EG, 1909. Revision of the Attidae of North America. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 16 (1): 355 - 655" title="Revision of the Attidae of North America." volume="16" year="1909">Peckham and Peckham (1909)</bibRefCitation>
, after which 
<bibRefCitation author="Kaston, BJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 874" refId="B23" refString="Kaston, BJ, 1948. Spiders of Connecticut. Bulletin of the Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey 70: 1 - 874" title="Spiders of Connecticut." volume="70" year="1948">Kaston (1948)</bibRefCitation>
may have stirred confusion by choosing to illustrate 
<taxonomicName lsidName="palustris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22327" author="Emerton, JH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="220 - 252" refId="B8" refString="Emerton, JH, 1891. New England spiders of the family Attidae. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 8: 220 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22327" title="New England spiders of the family Attidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22327" volume="8" year="1891">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Emerton’s">Emerton's</normalizedToken>
(1891)
</bibRefCitation>
figure of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A more serious confusion apparently occurred with the labelling of type specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peckham &amp; Peckham" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Attus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attus palustris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attus palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The description by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.136491" author="Peckham, GW" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B45" refString="Peckham, GW, Peckham, EG, 1883. Descriptions of New or Little Known Spiders of the Family Attidae from Various Parts of the United States of North America. Milwaukee, 35 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.136491" title="Descriptions of New or Little Known Spiders of the Family Attidae from Various Parts of the United States of North America. Milwaukee, 35 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.136491" year="1883">Peckham and Peckham (1883)</bibRefCitation>
refers without doubt to the common white-striped species long known as 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Sitticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sitticus palustris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sitticus palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 31–38" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 31 - 38. Attulus subgenus Attulus, continued (floricola group) 31, 32 Attulus sylvestris: 31 male, Ontario, Ottawa 32 male, Maryland, Dorchester Co 33 - 35 A. floricola: 33 male, Ontario, Port Cunnington 34 male, Ontario (46.9300, - 79.7268) 35 male, Ontario, Gravenhurst 36 - 38 A. inexpectus: 36, 37 male, Tuva (50.6690, 92.9844) 38 female, Tuva (51.316, 94.495). For additional images of the floricola group, see Figs 49 - 58." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures31-38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397985" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
): males dark brown, reddish toward eyes, marked with white lines, including those around the eyes, and palp with some white hairs on several segments of the palp. As well, the habitat suggested by the name &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Sitticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="palustris" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; is marsh or swamp, more typical for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the specimens labelled as the types of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peckham &amp; Peckham" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Attus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attus palustris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Attus palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the MCZ are clearly specimens of the less common dusty brown species (i.e., 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Emerton’s">Emerton's</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Attus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="sylvestris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 31–38" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 31 - 38. Attulus subgenus Attulus, continued (floricola group) 31, 32 Attulus sylvestris: 31 male, Ontario, Ottawa 32 male, Maryland, Dorchester Co 33 - 35 A. floricola: 33 male, Ontario, Port Cunnington 34 male, Ontario (46.9300, - 79.7268) 35 male, Ontario, Gravenhurst 36 - 38 A. inexpectus: 36, 37 male, Tuva (50.6690, 92.9844) 38 female, Tuva (51.316, 94.495). For additional images of the floricola group, see Figs 49 - 58." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.925.39691.figures31-38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/397985" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32</figureCitation>
). These specimens, we argue, are mislabelled: they do not match the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peckhams’">Peckhams'</normalizedToken>
description, and thus are not the type specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. palustris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. That the Peckhams viewed the white-striped form as typical 
<taxonomicName lsidName="palustris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be judged not only from their 1883 description, but also from their implicitly distinguishing two forms in their 1909 statement &quot;Mr. Emerton agrees with us that the form which he described as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a variety of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="palustris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the leg a little shorter and stouter.&quot; The label of the holotype does not appear to be in the handwriting of either George or Elizabeth Peckham, and it is possible that these 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“types”">&quot;types&quot;</normalizedToken>
were so labelled after 1883.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
At stake is not the name used for the common white-striped species (which would be 
<taxonomicName lsidName="floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
regardless), but the name for the uncommon dusty brown species, which would be 
<taxonomicName lsidName="palustris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were we to accept these specimens as its types. However, as argued above, they are not the types. We therefore treat 
<taxonomicName lsidName="palustris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="floricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="floricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">floricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="sylvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the name for the dusty brown species. To settle the mislabelling properly, a male specimen of the white-striped species from Wisconsin (the type locality) should be designated as the neotype or lectotype of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="palustris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We have not yet done so as we await reexamination of the full Peckham collection in case specimens can be located that might be identifiable as from the true type series.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Canada: British Columbia: Richmond (2 females), 49.66, -114.73 (1 female), 49.45, -115.08 (3 males, 6 females); Alberta: 52.46, -113.94 (1 male); Ontario: Richmond (2 males, 1 female), Gravenhurst (3 males), Port Cunnington (1 female); Dwight (2 males, 5 females), Batchawana Bay (1 female), Woodstock (3 females), 
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.9300" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.93">46.9300</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79.7268" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.7268">-79.7268</geoCoordinate>
(2 males, 1 female), 42.53, -80.12 (1 female), 
<geoCoordinate degrees="43.2626" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="43.2626">43.2626</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="80.5636" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-80.5636">-80.5636</geoCoordinate>
(1 male), 
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.0852" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="49.0852">49.0852</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="81.3237" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-81.3237">-81.3237</geoCoordinate>
(1 female); Quebec: Touraine (1 male); Nova ScotiA: 
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.4318" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="44.4318">44.4318</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="64.6075" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-64.6075">-64.6075</geoCoordinate>
(1 male); U.S.A.: Washington: 46.43, -123.86 (2 males); Colorado: Jackson Lake State Rec. Area (1 male); Nebraska: 41.88, -103.09 (1 female).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>