treatments-xml/data/6B/66/04/6B6604A807DB8689110967D920809E46.xml
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<mods:title id="D5155198167BB4A3C78782086C6D018A">Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records</mods:title>
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<treatment id="6B6604A807DB8689110967D920809E46" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154127548" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B6604A807DB8689110967D920809E46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B6604A807DB8689110967D920809E46" lastPageId="161" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection id="111B892C5437746B6CB93105AAC4079D" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="70A59FE620818A4E13D8AA6E3F5C87A5" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="F7B42BE482C01EBD20D9D1FC6BDCD9BD" ID-CoL="49M6D" authority="Bates, 1891" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ontherus (Caelontherus) aequatorius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequatorius" subGenus="Caelontherus">Ontherus (Caelontherus) aequatorius Bates, 1891</taxonomicName>
Plate 35B
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0AAC5D9967E5160E676F2B4B84B1827C" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0CD9C8BBC63FBEA1630E71B539E00DEA" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="034B82EC30CFADA4199D5230C9A22BDE" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ontherus aequatorius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequatorius">
<pageBreakToken id="A21060F7B0F8C031E88664B5A503EA25" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" start="start">Ontherus</pageBreakToken>
aequatorius
</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1891: 25 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, probably Pacific slopes).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="76263F3324F00D69A29A3314DD8B7EE9" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="A9FD3C02D6B58B760EC8BCE19F99C534" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ontherus aequatorius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequatorius">Ontherus aequatorius</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="0B56F65BC8DFB1C1A332C7BF64061BDD" author="Gillet, JJE" journalOrPublisher="IW Junk, Berlin, Germany" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae." year="1911 a">Gillet 1911a</bibRefCitation>
: 57 (complete list of species);
<bibRefCitation id="3A4516A832139E4FB45F87E891176FDE" author="Campos, F" journalOrPublisher="Revista del Colegio Nacional Vicente Rocafuerte" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" pagination="26 - 100" title="Estudios sobre la fauna entomologica del Ecuador." volume="6" year="1921">Campos 1921</bibRefCitation>
: 56 (cited for Ecuador);
<bibRefCitation id="3F734A6DDB74353B57CB83B39573006F" author="Luederwaldt, H" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Museu Paulista" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="363 - 422" title="O genero Ontherus (Coleop.) (Lamellic., Coprid., Pinotina) com uma chave para a determinacao dos Pinotides americanos." volume="17" year="1931 a">Luederwaldt 1931a</bibRefCitation>
: 400 (characters in key);
<bibRefCitation id="DF6279F44616E72CB5DC742A685E40BB" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="National Museum Bulletin" pageId="262" pageNumber="263" pagination="189 - 341" title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Part 2." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 206 (list of species from Latin America);
<bibRefCitation id="981B63518F882BA74F71ABA2EDEF325A" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Krajcik 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 174 (complete list of species).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="61CFCF9DEB92C53E859252155E7DC837" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="14C4DFB14485A0679CE5B375931806A4" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ontherus (Caelontherus) aequatorius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequatorius" subGenus="Caelontherus">Ontherus (Caelontherus) aequatorius</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EACA285BDE5B6BB17F2CFDB1397F7F89" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="96F7EF5E77A4D625661CB2D6CFD7E923" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 10 (characters in key), 34 (redescription);
<bibRefCitation id="455276A2D3E172ECD1D47DF3067F0A79" author="Carvajal, V" journalOrPublisher="Quito, Ecuado" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" title="Escarabajos del Ecuador. Principales generos. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Escuela Politecnica Nacional. Serie Entomologia, Nro. 1." year="2011">Carvajal et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 318-319 (cited for Ecuador);
<bibRefCitation id="35421FC497B0C7270F7E57F3237595E2" author="Chamorro, W" journalOrPublisher="Revista Colombiana de Entomologi ́ a" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" pagination="72 - 100" title="Listado de especies y clave de ge ́ neros y subge ́ neros de escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaei- dae: Scarabaeinae) presentes y presuntos para Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v44i1.6545" volume="44" year="2018">Chamorro et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 96 (cited for Ecuador).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3AE5AF76D1DD74C8373225AC05BB16D" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="type specimens">
<paragraph id="E127413F55574C5DFA5368A1E07DF22D" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Type specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54A48E3113E509A4B9075BFBDDB08A8A" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="F1BC6A3D9BC0D99A5185C828528CF15D" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ontherus aequatorius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequatorius">Ontherus aequatorius</taxonomicName>
Bates, 1891. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
<bibRefCitation id="D80CE19BA7C4744F7883DE356636B70E" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="1B17CA405D0FA1DD983776D130966DA2" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 35). Locality: Ecuador, not examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="647D6AFF962FD5CB5227B1A22A7FE5C1" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4AEFE07D3D39FC616814CB90137C4F45" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<pageBreakToken id="1DF11611E5E0E9B2DB16C0552A2FA402" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="897F00FB386B887B319A837CAA5DF858" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Ecuador and Peru.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97DC8198C220B3192F12B038796E595A" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="records examined">
<paragraph id="22C0A3BA989523BF8E2A22D559664DC3" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Records examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2DDDDA6DA7892367FADA081804EEB81E" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (2 specimens CEMT).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27B4FC30765F0C6EE944C797A16DCF1C" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="literature records">
<paragraph id="4DC104AA7221F5E926696DFD34422126" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Literature records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B0F9E0CA091B1CB03FB27C4C0802D81D" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
AZUAY: 8 km NE Giron, 2600 m (
<bibRefCitation id="979ECA5D2511DF191E4F410E2ED8B251" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="C9CF97E148ACB3EC0F6AA7A347E5D224" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 35); Tarqui (
<bibRefCitation id="3962F81DD0FA6064736220768EEE65AD" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="8EBF3D4C6EBA0ACFC538A5742576ACB6" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 35).
<normalizedToken id="78BCDAFC9BB95C0155CAED0253666A6B" originalValue="CAÑAR">CANAR</normalizedToken>
: 5 km E Zhud, 3000 m (
<bibRefCitation id="12E7A72B176128E9D20B707F25F36212" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="724809E2A9D7CB3CBD93BA7017A276B4" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 35). CHIMBORAZO: Riobamba (
<bibRefCitation id="4D8CC308664957E5943CCDF570AC27EC" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="1FBB53C3EC710006AAF8494CC18BB826" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 35). NAPO: 24 km NW de Baeza, 2400 m (
<bibRefCitation id="F88FB0FA05B23C0EE7680F7A23A4A7F7" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="CBB5D41BBB28F6EFD4D3577EF5B60B75" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 35). PICHINCHA: Gualea (
<bibRefCitation id="108103E66DAA67D39E013B76A1E3613B" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="9EEC06682988E38532C99039A4BFB1A1" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 35).
<normalizedToken id="A04A06F03843B7FF3471C3CF9A2FE65B" originalValue="SUCUMBÍOS">SUCUMBIOS</normalizedToken>
: Sebundoy (
<bibRefCitation id="92191DA188F6964CA2D12607DEC63238" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="3A5ECAF60D02279A5453118BD072139A" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 35). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: Pucay [= Bucay, Guyas] (
<bibRefCitation id="154A02B3314EF5E42B209BD997DF1249" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="43261568FDC538A5A3B46871F6EC5762" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 35); without specific locality, probably Pacific slopes (
<bibRefCitation id="ADBBE58C722DADB804B23EFA13F5283C" author="Bates, HW" journalOrPublisher="London John Mueeay, Albemaele Steeet" pageId="262" pageNumber="263" title="Supplementary appendix. In: Whymper E (Ed.) To travels amongst the great Andes of the Equator 1891." year="1891">Bates 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 25).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D8D2E355F32B2A69C957A9FD40DF319" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="temporal data">
<paragraph id="277303698B1B410D9BCB32DAE38D7A24" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Temporal data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD259A2C6C52904D36BF154EB472B90E" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Collected in March, April, June, July, and November.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0721D0D13C0794EE8C92AFCAB49DBD59" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="22C0DA761CEBE67FB33CB1E2092A29F6" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3A3FFF396711E314D84FE771CE71610" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Inhabits the montane cloud forests and the evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region from 2400-3000 m a.s.l.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0572BB3BB1B04318C7C37234EEDB7C12" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<bibRefCitation id="BAEDB23A44CD192C988783FF4DD9ADD9" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="F8E298C0328F39F94486C9B985A76924" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
(1996)
</bibRefCitation>
, in his revision of the genus
<taxonomicName id="975656183A0467F921FE24606E358321" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ontherus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ontherus</taxonomicName>
, refers to the following two localities as uncertain specific locations: Sebundoy, located near Santa
<normalizedToken id="5588682DD0F838B33435AD108D010E6E" originalValue="Bárbara">Barbara</normalizedToken>
in the
<normalizedToken id="7023CB946FFFD7C7C5507DB17D6B93E4" originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
province, above 2300 m (mistaken by
<normalizedToken id="2BF402187D802F7D9F16C6309093ADD3" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
Sibundoy at the Putumayo department in Colombia) and Pucay [= Bucay: Guayas] above 300 m, located along the Pacific coast of Ecuador. However, the distributional data for Pucay may be erroneous as the current distribution of
<taxonomicName id="7D2504488B38F5D058619036606A2A6C" lsidName="O. aequatorius" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" rank="species" species="aequatorius">O. aequatorius</taxonomicName>
is limited to the Andean region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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