547 lines
44 KiB
XML
547 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4447" ID-PMC="PMC4385905" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-3-4447" ID-PubMed="25859129" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2828-3-e4447" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of the ant Cataglyphissetipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" checkinTime="1451253146594" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wachkoo, Aijaz Ahmad & Bharti, Himender" docDate="2015" docId="4A4E0DE4E66229CB056C4AD052DFE827" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 3: e4447" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4447" docTitle="Cataglyphis setipes Forel 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="4447" masterDocId="FFEFFFE3CC4FFFF261427C0EFFEFC200" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of the ant Cataglyphissetipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="4447" masterPageNumber="4447" pageNumber="4447" updateTime="1668122908194" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy and distribution of the ant Cataglyphissetipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wachkoo, Aijaz Ahmad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bharti, Himender</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>4447</mods:start>
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<mods:end>4447</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4447</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4447</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-3-4447</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A4E0DE4E66229CB056C4AD052DFE827" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A4E0DE4E66229CB056C4AD052DFE827" lastPageNumber="4447" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">
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<taxonomicName authority="Forel, 1894" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cataglyphis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cataglyphis setipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setipes">Cataglyphis setipes (Forel, 1894)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecocystus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecocystus viaticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viaticus">Myrmecocystus viaticus</taxonomicName>
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r. setipes
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<bibRefCitation author="Forel, A." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="396 - 420" title="Les formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part 4." volume="8" year="1894">Forel 1894</bibRefCitation>
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401 (w.) India (original description).
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<bibRefCitation author="Ruzsky, M." journalOrPublisher="Protokolamy Obshchestva Estestvoispytatelei pri Imperatorskomy Kazanskomy Universitete" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="1 - 33" title="Materialy po mirmekologicheskoi faune Kavkaza i Kryma" volume="206" year="1902">Ruzsky 1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 9 (q.m.);
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<bibRefCitation author="Imai, H. T." journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Genetics" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="1 - 32" title="Karylogical survey of Indian ants" volume="59" year="1984">Imai et al. 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 9 (k.). Combination in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cataglyphis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cataglyphis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cataglyphis</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler, W. M." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="1 - 1139" title="The ants of the Belgian Congo" volume="45" year="1922">Wheeler 1922</bibRefCitation>
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: 945. Subspecies of bicolor:
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<bibRefCitation author="Emery, C." journalOrPublisher="Memorie della R. Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="47 - 61" title="Rassegna critica delle specie paleartiche del genere Myrmecocystus" volume="3" year="1906">Emery 1906</bibRefCitation>
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: 58;
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<bibRefCitation author="Emery, C." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="213 - 217" title="Myrmecocystusviaticus et formes voisines" volume="44" year="1908">Emery 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 217;
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<bibRefCitation author="Santschi, F." journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="25 - 70" title="Etude sur les Cataglyphis" volume="36" year="1929">Santschi 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 49. Raised to species:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bingham, C. T." journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" title="The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera 2. Ants and Cuckoo-Wasps" year="1903">Bingham 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 312;
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<bibRefCitation author="Collingwood, C. A." journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Suedwestdeutschland" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="289 - 290" title="Ergebnisse der Deutschen Afghanistan-Expedition 1956 der Landessammlungen fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe" volume="19" year="1961">Collingwood 1961b</bibRefCitation>
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: 289;
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<bibRefCitation author="Collingwood, C. A." journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="51 - 79" title="The 3 rd. Danish expedition to Central Asia. Zoological Results 27. Formicidae from Afghanistan" volume="123" year="1961">Collingwood 1961a</bibRefCitation>
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: 65;
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<bibRefCitation author="Arnol'di, K. V." journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="1800 - 1815" title="Vysshie i spetsializirovannye predstaviteli murav'ev-begunkov i faetonchikov roda Cataglyphis v faune SSSR" volume="43" year="1964">Arnol'di 1964</bibRefCitation>
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: 1804;
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<bibRefCitation author="Arnol'di, K. V." editor="Medvedev, G. S." journalOrPublisher="Leningrad" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" title="Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. Vol. 3. Hymenoptera. Part 1. Opredeliteli Faune SSSR" year="1978">Arnol'di and Dlussky 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 554. Senior synonym of turcomanica:
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<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M." journalOrPublisher="Ylym Press, Ashkhabad" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" title="Ants of Turkmenistan" year="1990">Dlussky et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 155;
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<bibRefCitation author="Radchenko, A. G." journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="684 - 698" title="A review of ants of the genus Cataglyphis Foerster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Asia" volume="77" year="1997">Radchenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 435; of dschambulica and material of the unavailable name setipesdesertorum.
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<bibRefCitation author="Radchenko, A. G." journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" pagination="684 - 698" title="A review of ants of the genus Cataglyphis Foerster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Asia" volume="77" year="1997">Radchenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 435 places longipedem incorrectly as a junior synonym of setipes, but longipedem has priority. Revived from synonymy: Radchenko and Tinaut (in preparation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Syntype</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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; individualCount:
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">India</collectingCountry>
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; locality:
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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; collectionCode:
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">India</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Himachal Pradesh; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A4E0DE4E66229CB056C4AD052DFE827:B937D2AB85061641FB0025BF9D8FCD81" country="India" latitude="32.0744" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.5856" name="Andretta" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Andretta</location>
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="32.0744">32.0744°N</geoCoordinate>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="Sep-09-2008" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="31.3229" location="Jogi Panga" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.1858" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-worker="2" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Other material</typeStatus>
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">India</collectingCountry>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A4E0DE4E66229CB056C4AD052DFE827:DEE1E6DE69501EFC9A99F551C1BDE2B3" country="India" latitude="31.3229" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.1858" name="Jogi Panga" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Jogi Panga</location>
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="30.342667">30°20.56'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="31.3229">31.3229°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="76.1858">76.1858°E</geoCoordinate>
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" value="Sep-09-2008">Sep-09-2008</collectingDate>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="Jun-03-2009" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="31.581" location="Khatiar" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="75.5516" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-worker="9" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">India</collectingCountry>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A4E0DE4E66229CB056C4AD052DFE827:F39CFA79821A213EBCE600505F3D14C6" country="India" latitude="31.581" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="75.5516" name="Khatiar" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Khatiar</location>
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="31.581">31.5810°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="75.5516">75.5516°E</geoCoordinate>
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" value="Jun-03-2009">Jun-03-2009</collectingDate>
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Type status:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A4E0DE4E66229CB056C4AD052DFE827:4DC0D1835E1A6FF00B294911F674E1BB" country="India" latitude="31.581" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="75.5516" name="Khatiar" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Khatiar</location>
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="31.581">31.5810°N</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="75.5516">75.5516°E</geoCoordinate>
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; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" value="Oct-11-2009">Oct-11-2009</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="Oct-11-2009" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="31.581" location="Khatiar" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="75.5516" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-queen="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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; individualCount:
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">India</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Himachal Pradesh; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A4E0DE4E66229CB056C4AD052DFE827:4429E582272627B2BBA2382A5830F1EB" country="India" latitude="31.581" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="75.5516" name="Khatiar" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Khatiar</location>
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; verbatimElevation: 450 m; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="31.581">31.5810°N</geoCoordinate>
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; verbatimLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="75.5516">75.5516°E</geoCoordinate>
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; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" value="Oct-11-2009">Oct-11-2009</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">PUPAC</collectionCode>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="Oct-11-2009" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="31.581" location="Khatiar" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="75.5516" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">India</collectingCountry>
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|
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|
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Type status:
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="Aug-19-2009" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="30.4384" location="Poanta Sahib" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="77.6239" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-worker="2" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="Aug-26-2009" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="30.6083" location="Renuka" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="77.4615" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-worker="3" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="May-25-2009" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="31.9234" location="Terrace" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="75.9294" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="Aug-04-2010" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="32.7496" location="Manda" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="74.8673" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-worker="3" typeStatus="Other material">
|
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Type status:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Aijaz A. Wachkoo</collectorName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="Aug-03-2010" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="32.6979" location="Mansar" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="75.1489" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Aijaz A. Wachkoo</collectorName>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="Jul-14-2009" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="32.7009" location="Surinsar" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="75.1512" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-worker="3" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Aijaz A. Wachkoo</collectorName>
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">India</collectingCountry>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="May-27-2010" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="30.1921" location="Ranger's College, Dehradun" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="78.24" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-worker="3" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">India</collectingCountry>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A4E0DE4E66229CB056C4AD052DFE827:DB105E65E05D754A4232BC14119A558F" country="India" latitude="30.1921" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="78.24" name="Ranger's College, Dehradun" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ranger’s">Ranger's</normalizedToken>
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College, Dehradun
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">PUPAC</collectionCode>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">
|
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="Aug-08-2009" collectionCode="PUPAC" collectorName="Aijaz A. Wachkoo" country="India" latitude="30.372" location="Selaqui, Dehradun" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="77.8605" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Aijaz A. Wachkoo</collectorName>
|
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">worker</specimenType>
|
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">India</collectingCountry>
|
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; stateProvince: Uttarakhand; locality:
|
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A4E0DE4E66229CB056C4AD052DFE827:B1B385D2D051AB3AAB8EB4E71C228391" country="India" latitude="30.372" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="77.8605" name="Selaqui, Dehradun" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Selaqui, Dehradun</location>
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="30.372">30.3720°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="77.8605">77.8605°E</geoCoordinate>
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" value="Aug-08-2009">Aug-08-2009</collectingDate>
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">PUPAC</collectionCode>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" type="description">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Description</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Worker (Fig. 1).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Worker measurements: HL 1.54-2.97; HW 1.32-3.08; EL 0.42-0.77; SL 1.90-3.24; PnW 0.99-1.99; WL 2.55-4.90; PL 0.37-0.74; PW 0.31-0.69; GL 1.80-4.22 mm. Indices: CI 86-104; SI 105-144; REL 25-28 (n=25).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Head with almost parallel sides and gradually convex posterior margin, wider than long in major worker and longer than wide in minor worker; clypeus carinate in major worker and subcarinate in minor worker; anterior clypeal margin convex, medially shallowly concave to transverse; eyes prominent, situated distinctly above the midlength of lateral head margins; 3 small ocelli present; antennae 12-segmented, scapes long, distinctly longer than head length, surpass posterior margin by about one-third of their length in major worker and by half of their length in minor worker; mandibles with 5 to 7 teeth, if more than 5 teeth present, then the third tooth counting from the apex is larger and longer than the fourth; fourth tooth smaller in size than basal two in 6 -toothed specimens; fourth and fifth smaller than basal two in 7-toothed specimens. Maxillae with long hairs; basal segment of maxillae flat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Mesosoma typical for this genus; pronotum convex; propodeum low, gradually arched, its dorsal surface distinctly longer than posterior one; propodeal spiracles distinctly slit-like, and very long; petiole obviously nodiform, with rounded node dorsum; long legs.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Surface of whole body covered with dense microreticulation, appears dull, although not strongly matt; mandibles striate with few scattered punctures.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Body with sparse standing pilosity, denser on head and the underside of gaster; pubescence minute and fine, relatively denser on mesosoma with a silvery glint; antennal funiculus with fine, short appressed to decumbent pubescence, scapes with suberect hairs; legs covered with dense macrosetae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Head, mesosoma and node of petiole dark red; gaster black; legs a shade darker than mesosoma, almost black.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Queen (Fig. 2).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Queen measurements: HL 2.79; HW 2.85; EL 0.77; SL 2.55; WL 4.56; PL 0.67; PW 0.96; GL 5.27 mm. Indices: CI 102; SI 89; REL 28 (n=1).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">As in major worker, with modifications expected for caste and the following differences: head narrower and scapes shorter than in major worker, surpassing posterior margin by three-tenths their length; clypeus subcarinate; mesosoma enlarged, mesonotum not constricted; petiole compressed anterolaterally, narrower in profile but wider in dorsal view than in major worker; mesepimeron with a posterodorsal (epimeral) lobe that covers mesothoracic spiracle and forms a seemingly isolated plate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Male (Fig. 3).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Male measurements: HL 1.80-2.04; HW 1.86-1.94; EL 0.63-0.76; SL 2.61-2.91; WL 3.98-4.28; PL 0.46-0.50; PW 0.75-0.94; GL 4.46-4.96 mm. Indices: CI 95-103; SI 140-150; REL 35-37 (n=5).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Head subquadrate about as long as wide; eyes subglobulose, convex, large and bulging, breaking head outline in full-face view; 3prominent ocelli present; antennae 13-segmented, filiform, scapes long, surpass posterior margin of head by more than half their length; clypeus subcarinate in some specimens with round anterolateral corners; mandibles slender, curved and strap-like, apical tooth simple, acute, remainder without any dentition in some specimens and with well differentiated apical and basal tooth in some specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Notauli absent; parapsidal lines prominent, diverging anteriorly; mesepimeron with a posterodorsal (epimeral) lobe that covers mesothoracic spiracle and forms a seemingly isolated plate; jugal lobe of hind wing absent; dorsal margin of petiole, in anterior view, shallowly concave to broadly round; propodeal declivity broadly rounded; propodeal spiracle elongate, slit shaped.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Basimeres large, broad at the base and tapering to a blunt point; in dorsal view, telomeres elongate anteroposteriorly, oval and rounded apically in lateral view covered by scrobiculae; both the basimeres and telomeres are setose; basimedialtelomeral process with flat broad parallel base, apex roughly dumbbell shaped, about one third the length of the telomere; cuspides small, triangular,with peg-like teeth on medial face, bent toward digiti; digiti smooth, much longer than cuspides, about 2 times the length of cuspides and usually bent towards each other apically; in lateral view digiti falcate and gently downcurved; penisvalva projecting with apices of each penisvalva directed posterolaterally. Subgenital plate concave and bilobed posterolaterally, with short triangular process in the centre of posterior margin.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Body covered with relatively more dense erect hairs especially on underside of gaster and parameres than in other conspecific castes, in addition to normal pubescence.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Head, mesosoma and petiole black, gaster light brown; sculpture as in worker caste.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Diagnosis</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">
|
||
This species most resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. indica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" rank="species" species="indica">C. indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
from which it separates by lighter body colour; dense setae on tibiae and rounded propodeum whilst latter is characterized by darker body colour, sparse setae on tibiae and much angular propodeum. However, the workers are rather variable in the characters used to differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. setipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" rank="species" species="setipes">C. setipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. indica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" rank="species" species="indica">C. indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
and therefore, discovery of males of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. indica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" rank="species" species="indica">C. indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
in future, may prove pivotal in taxonomic decision regarding its validity based on the characters expressed by males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">This is one of the most conspicuous ant species found commonly in arid and semiarid zones of Central and South Asia.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4447" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">Ecology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4447">This species inhabits subtropical areas and is relatively easy to find because they preferentially occupy open habitats. These ants have been observed to form permanent nests in dry soil; nests can be easily located in bare ground and along roadside. Workers of this species usually forage individually and raise gaster in locomotion.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |