190 lines
19 KiB
XML
190 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A0A487C8FFF0AF6A1626F263" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura lanosa Heim de Balsac 1968" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="537" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="537" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>332</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>551</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870482" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0A487C8FFF0AF6A1626F263" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A0A487C8FFF0AF6A1626F263" lastPageNumber="537" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<heading pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[125,208,1069,1119]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[124,1102,1069,1240]" box="[125,208,1069,1119]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[125,208,1069,1119]" captionStart="Plate 24: Soricidae" captionStartId="134.[120,150,3141,3166]" captionTargetBox="[12,2738,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="133" captionText="386. Nimba Giant White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maombasilvanus), 387. Doucet’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura douceti), 388. West African White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura muricauda), 389. Lamotte’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lamottei), 390. Greater Red White-toothed (Shrew Crociduraflavescens), 391. Lesser Red White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hirta), 392. Heather White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura erica), 393. Blackish White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigricans), 394. Goliath White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura goliath), 395. Somali White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura somalica), 396. African Giant White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura olivieri), 397. Savanna Path White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura viaria), 398. Savanna White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fulvastra), 399. Ugandan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mutesae), 400. Smallfooted White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura parvipes), 401. Cinderella White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura cinderella), 402. Voi White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura vor), 403. Yankari White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura yankariensis), 404. Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrew (Crocidura stenocephala), 405. Tarella White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tarella), 406. Jackson's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura jacksoni), 407. Kivu Long-haired White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lanosa), 408. Dramatic White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura ludia), 409. Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura dolichura), 410. Savanna White-toothed Swamp Shrew (Crocidura longipes), 411. Cameroon White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura picea), 412. Manenguba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura manengubae), 413. Fisentraut’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura eisentraut), 414. Upemba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura zimmer), 415. Misotshi-Kabogo White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lwiroensis), 416. African Dusky White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura caliginea), 417. Congo White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura congobelgica), 418. Latona’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura latona), 419. Polia’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura polia), 420. Ansell’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura ansellorum), 421. Pitman’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pitmani), 422. Makwassie White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maquassiensis), 423. Turbo White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura turba)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871929/files/figure.png" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">407.</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[225,1045,1069,1119]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[124,1102,1069,1240]" box="[225,1045,1069,1119]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[225,1045,1069,1119]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Kivu Long-haired White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[130,449,1113,1159]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[124,1102,1069,1240]" box="[130,449,1113,1159]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Heim de Balsac, 1968" authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1968" box="[130,449,1113,1159]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[130,449,1113,1159]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Crocidura lanosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[124,1102,1069,1240]" box="[125,1102,1176,1197]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,201,1176,1197]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[210,395,1176,1197]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Crocidure laineuse</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,506,1176,1197]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[516,801,1176,1197]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Langfell-Weil3zahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[822,914,1176,1197]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[924,1102,1176,1197]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Musarana de Kivu</vernacularName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[124,1102,1069,1240]" box="[125,777,1216,1237]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,372,1216,1237]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[383,619,1216,1237]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Kivu Long-haired Shrew</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName box="[633,777,1216,1237]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Lemara Shrew</vernacularName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[738,1332,1285,1709]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[738,893,1285,1314]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Heim de Balsac, 1968" authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1968" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosa">Crocidura lanosa Heim de Balsac, 1968</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[883,1241,1329,1354]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[738,1332,1285,1709]" box="[883,1241,1329,1354]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[883,1241,1329,1354]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="Lemera" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kivu">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0A487C8FFF0AF6A1626F263:B031AD99A0A487C8FCFEAE7611BEFAB3" box="[883,992,1329,1354]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Lemera" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" stateProvince="Kivu">Lemera</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1009,1072,1329,1354]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Kivu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1088,1238,1329,1354]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[738,1332,1285,1709]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[742,963,1369,1394]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosa">Crocidura lanosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in the C. monax-C. lt- toralisC.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[879,993,1404,1433]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurisca">maurisca</taxonomicName>
|
||
group Albertine Rift Valley endemics (C. kiwvuana, C. steno- cephala and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[917,1046,1478,1511]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosa">C. lanosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In a phylogenetic tree estimated from Bayesian analysis of cytochrome-b sequences by W. T. Stanley and colleagues in 2015,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1096,1219,1596,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosa">C. lanosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
was sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[837,993,1636,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurisca">C. maurisca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and both clustered to a group consisting of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1916" box="[1047,1164,1680,1709]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latona">C. latona</taxonomicName>
|
||
, C. lttoralis,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[126,1335,1724,3482]" box="[127,676,1724,1749]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
and C. onitis/
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1979" box="[311,505,1724,1749]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenocephala">C. stenocephala</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871815/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" targetBox="[125,715,1291,1705]" targetPageId="140">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[126,1335,1724,3482]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,302,1759,1788]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Restricted to montane region of EC DR Congo (Kivu, Lemera, Irangi, Kahuzi-Biéga National Park, and Tshibati) and Rwanda (Uinka and Nyungwe Forest).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[126,1335,1724,3482]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,380,1833,1866]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 87-105 mm, tail 69-85 mm, ear 6-10 mm, hindfoot 16-22 mm; weight 18-34 g. Condylo-incisive lengths are 24-2—-26 mm. The Kivu Longhaired White-toothed Shrew is immediately recognized by its large size, long and woolly pelage (unusually dense for a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[797,927,1951,1984]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crocidura</taxonomicName>
|
||
), soft and grayish black coat, and untypically scantily haired tail, more like a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[954,1079,1991,2024]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Scutisorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scutisorex</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Previously, it was believed that these were young animals of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[739,864,2030,2063]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Scutisorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scutisorex</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dense and woolly pelage of the Kivu Long-haired White-toothed Shrew is possibly an adaption to cold temperatures and wet conditions in mountains. Dorsal pelage is almost unicolored blackish gray, with superficial brown tinge. Hairs have white tips. Ventral pelage is blackish gray but slightly paler, possibly with brown tinge. Forefeet and hindfeet are brown. Hindfeet are relatively long. Ears are medium-sized and partly covered by pelage. Tail is ¢.80% of head-body length, dark, and covered with dark short bristles, except at its terminal end (pilosity ¢.33%). Some individuals have whitish hairs at tip oftail, forming small pencil. Skull is elongated, with broad maxillary and cranial region. Cutting edge of lower incisor is normally smooth, rarely with a denticle. Females have six nipples.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[126,1335,1724,3482]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,237,2424,2457]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary montane forests,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[622,717,2424,2457]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cyperus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[740,901,2424,2457]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) swamps, and bamboo forests (partly mixed with gallery forests) near Lake Kivu at elevations of 1850-2450 m. The Kivu Long-haired White-toothed Shrew has also been found in secondary montane forests and disturbed areas across a wide elevational gradient in Kahuzi-Biéga National Park.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[128,628,2582,2615]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[126,1335,1724,3482]" box="[128,628,2582,2615]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,390,2582,2615]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[126,1335,1724,3482]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,263,2621,2654]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductively active and pregnant Kivu Long-haired White-toothed Shrews were found during wet season (October, November, January) but not at other time of year. Embryo counts are 2-6/female. Sex ratio is 23 males: 10 females in the Kivu area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[128,601,2740,2773]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[126,1335,1724,3482]" box="[128,601,2740,2773]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,363,2740,2773]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[126,1335,1724,3482]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,873,2779,2812]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Kivu Long-haired Whitetoothed Shrew comprised 15% of shrews (33 of 222; ten species) caught in all montane habitats (1880-3300 m) west of Lake Kivu and 23% of shrews in habitats where it was present. In Kahuzi-Biéga National Park and surrounding areas, some species of shrews, such as the Kivu Long-haired White-toothed Shrew and the African Giant White-toothed Shrew (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1827" box="[459,595,2984,3009]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="140" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivieri">C. olivieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
), were collected in open habitats, but most shrews were found in swamps or wet habitats and could occur in deep forest (primary or secondary forest).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[126,1335,1724,3482]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[130,490,3098,3127]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Kivu Long-haired White-toothed Shrew is known from fewer than ten locations, and there is continuing decline in extent and quality of its habitat. It might be threatened by habitat loss at Tshibati and Lemara due to development of tea plantations. It is well protected in Kahuzi-Biéga National Park, which has not experiences any known habitat loss. Additional studies are needed to clarify its distribution and better understand its natural history.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="140" pageNumber="537" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="140.[126,1335,1724,3482]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[131,284,3378,3403]" pageId="140" pageNumber="537">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Dieterlen (2013b), Dieterlen & Heim de Balsac (1979), Geider & Kock (1991), Heim de Balsac (1968a), Heim de Balsac & Meester (1977), Hutterer (1982, 2005b), Hutterer, Van der Straeten & Verheyen (1987), Kaleme et al. (2007), Kennerley (2016r), Nicoll & Rathbun (1990), Stanley et al. (2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |