175 lines
18 KiB
XML
175 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A0638708FA28AE0F1193FBA3" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Scutisorex somereni" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="471" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="470" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870066" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870066" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0638708FA28AE0F1193FBA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A0638708FA28AE0F1193FBA3" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<heading pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<subSubSection box="[1445,1527,1352,1394]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1442,2405,1352,1470]" box="[1445,1527,1352,1394]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<figureCitation box="[1445,1527,1352,1394]" captionStart="Plate 19: Soricidae" captionStartId="64.[118,148,3136,3161]" captionTargetBox="[11,2741,14,3634]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="182. Palawan Moss Shrew (Palawanosorex muscorum), 183. Pearson’s Long-clawed Shrew (Solisorex pearsoni), 184. Kelaart’s Long-clawed Shrew (Feroculus feroculus), 185. Etruscan Shrew (Suncus etruscus), 186. Sri Lankan Shrew (Suncus fellowesgordoni), 187. Malayan Pygmy Shrew (Suncus malayanus), 188. Bornean Pygmy Shrew (Suncus hosei), 189. Jungle Shrew (Suncus zeylanicus), 190. Asian House Shrew (Suncus murinus), 191. Sr 1 Lankan Highland Shrew (Suncus montanus), 192. Nilgir 1 Highland Shrew (Suncus niger), 193. Anderson’s Shrew (Suncus stoliczkanus), 194. Day’s Shrew (Suncus dayi), 195. Flores Shrew (Suncus mertensi), 196. Black Shrew (Suncus ater), 197. Taita Shrew (Suncus aequatorius), 198. Greater Dwarf Shrew (Suncus lixa), 199. Hutu-Tutsi Dwarf Shrew (Suncus hututsi), 200. Least Dwarf Shrew (Suncus infinitestmus), 201. Remy’s Pygmy Shrew (Suncus remyi), 202. Lesser Dwarf Shrew (Suncus varilla), 203. Climbing Shrew (Suncus megalurus), 204. Rwenzori Shrew (Ruwenzorisorex suncoides), 205. Johnston's Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex johnstoni), 206. Akaibe’s Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex akaiber), 207. Moon Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex lunaris), 208. Greater Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex ollula), 209. Lesser Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex oriundus), 210. Bioko Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex isabellae), 211. Corbet’s Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex corbeti), 212. Bamenda Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex silvanorum), 213. Rainforest Shrew (Sylvisorex pluvialis), 214. Cameroonian Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex camerunensis), 215. Mount Cameroon Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex moro), 216. Kongana Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex konganensis), 217. Volcano Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex vulcanorum), 218. Grant's Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex granti), 219. Howell's Forest Shrew (Sylvisorex howelli), 220. Armored Hero Shrew (Scutisorex somereni), 221. Thor’s Hero Shrew (Scutisorex thor), 222. Greater Large-headed Shrew (Paracrocidura maxima), 223. Lesser Large-headed Shrew (Paracrocidura schoutedeni), 224. Grauer’s Large-headed Shrew (Paracrocidura graven), 225. Piebald Shrew (Diplomesodon pulchellus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871917/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">220.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1541,1999,1352,1394]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1442,2405,1352,1470]" box="[1541,1999,1352,1394]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<vernacularName box="[1541,1999,1352,1394]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Armored Hero Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2066,2405,1352,1394]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1442,2405,1352,1470]" box="[2066,2405,1352,1394]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[2066,2405,1352,1394]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Scutisorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="somereni">
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<emphasis box="[2066,2405,1352,1394]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Scutisorex somereni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="470" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1442,2405,1352,1470]" box="[1444,2361,1411,1432]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1519,1411,1432]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1529,1747,1411,1432]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Pachyure de Someren</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1769,1859,1411,1432]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1869,2036,1411,1432]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Panzerspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2057,2148,1411,1432]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2158,2361,1411,1432]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Musarana acorazada</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1442,2405,1352,1470]" box="[1443,1989,1449,1470]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1443,1690,1449,1470]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1698,1857,1449,1470]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Armored Shrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1871,1989,1449,1470]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Hero Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="470" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[2053,2647,1517,1944]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2055,2210,1517,1550]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1910" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sylvisorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="somereni">Sylvisorex somereni Thomas, 1910</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2140,2612,1556,1589]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[2053,2647,1517,1944]" box="[2140,2612,1556,1589]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<materialsCitation box="[2140,2612,1556,1589]" country="Uganda" location="Kyetume" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" specimenCount="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0638708FA28AE0F1193FBA3:B031AD99A063870FF7D1AD531A87F9CC" box="[2140,2265,1556,1589]" country="Uganda" name="Kyetume" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Kyetume</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation box="[2282,2479,1556,1589]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">near Kampala</locationDeviation>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2495,2607,1556,1589]" name="Uganda" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="470" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[2053,2647,1517,1944]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[2056,2180,1596,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Scutisorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scutisorex</taxonomicName>
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might be most closely related to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hutterer" authorityYear="1986" box="[2056,2252,1635,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Ruwenzorisorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ruwenzorisorex</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[2322,2444,1635,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sylvisorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sylvisorex</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="470" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871375" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871375/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" targetBox="[1439,2031,1524,1939]" targetPageId="75">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[2053,2647,1517,1944]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2054,2231,1675,1708]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Distribution.</emphasis>
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NC & NE DR Congo, C & SW
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<taxonomicName box="[2055,2167,1723,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Uganda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Uganda</taxonomicName>
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, W Rwanda, and NW Burundi.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="470" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[2053,2647,1517,1944]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2054,2334,1754,1787]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 120-153 mm, tail 76-99 mm, ear 9-16 mm, hindfoot 22-27 mm; weight 42-92 g. The Armored Hero Shrew is one of two species of extremely and uniquely adapted and
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1439,2646,1950,3480]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">very large shrews, with large, arched, reinforced, and interlocking spinal columns. Pelage of the Armored Hero Shrew is woolly in texture and longer than in Thor’s Armored Shrew (S. thor). Dorsum is blackish gray, with variably brownish tinge, sometimes with interspersed white-tipped hairs, and venter is about the same color as dorsum. In most adults, fur is stained brownish and yellowish by the yellowish secretions from lateral glands. Muzzle, ears, and feet are blackish brown, and tail is darkly pigmented with short fine blackish hairs. Tail is ¢.63% of head—body length. Skull is large and robust, with very large lamboid crests projecting posteriorly past condyles, which resembles a shield on back of the skull. Low sagittal crest is present in older individuals. Vertebral column is extremely adapted to withstand extreme force, and it has been reported that a full-grown man can stand on the back of an Armored Hero Shrew without harming it at all. Vertebral column consists of seven cervical, 14 thoracic, five sacral, and 10-11 lumbar vertebrae, compared to five lumbar vertebrae in other species of shrews. Cervical vertebrae are similar to other mammalian vertebrae, but mid-thoracic to lumbar vertebrae are extremely modified, being most prevalent in mid-lumbar vertebrae. Vertebrae are thick and have developed spines known as tubercles that originate on sides of vertebrae. Spines face forward and backward and interlock with each other to fortify the spine. Relative to the size of the Armored Hero Shrew,its spine is the strongest of all vertebrate animals. They also have thicker ribs and longer intestinal tracks, although their legs are not similarly adapted for bearing large amounts of weight. Exact purpose for this extreme adaptation is uncertain, although it might use its body to leverage andlift large objects to obtain hard to reach food items; however, there is still a large amount of research to be done on these strangely adapted species. There are four unicuspids. Dental formula for the two species of Scutisorexis 13/2, C 1/0, P 2/1,M 3/3 (x2) = 30.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="75" pageNumber="470" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1439,2646,1950,3480]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1440,1551,2935,2968]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Habitat.</emphasis>
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[Lowland and montane tropical moist forest at elevations of 400-2500 m. In montane areas, the Armored Hero Shrew is often associated with stream edges. It appears to be a forest-obligate and has been recorded less frequently in secondary lowland forests and montane bamboo habitats. It has not been recorded from open habitats or swamps and marshes, although when collected in Uganda, habitat was stated to be primarily swampy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="75.[1439,2646,1950,3480]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1439,1699,3171,3204]" pageId="75" pageNumber="470">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Armored Hero Shrew eats a variety of invertebrates, but earthworms and adult and larval insects (
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<taxonomicName box="[1951,2060,3211,3244]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority=", Heteroptera, Isoptera, Blattodea" authorityName="Heteroptera, Isoptera, Blattodea" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Isoptera, Blattodea</taxonomicName>
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, etc.) make up the largest proportions of diets. They also eat spiders, centipedes, millipedes, and species of Acari in relatively high quantities. They eat larger prey than most species of shrew (greater than 30 mm in length), and in Masako Forest, DR Congo, they were the only species of shrew (out of nine species) that ate earthworms. They forage along the ground by waving their nose around and through leaf litter, moving good-sized pebbles, decaying wood, and bark with their incisors. Armored
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="76.[113,1321,291,1117]" pageId="76" pageNumber="471">Hero Shrews have proportionally longer intestines than in other species of shrews, perhaps because they need more surface area to absorb more nutrients to support their greatersize.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="471" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[113,1321,291,1117]" pageId="76" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[114,248,410,443]" pageId="76" pageNumber="471">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproductive activity of the Armored Hero Shrew has been recorded in December—-August, although they might breed yearround. Pregnancy rates seem to be highest during wet season (December—April). Numbers of embryos are 1-3/female (average 1-8).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="471" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[113,1321,291,1117]" pageId="76" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[113,353,568,601]" pageId="76" pageNumber="471">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Armored Hero Shrews are terrestrial and are probably active day and night.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="471" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[113,1321,291,1117]" pageId="76" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[115,834,646,679]" pageId="76" pageNumber="471">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Although Armored Hero Shrews have only been captured alone, they might be more social than many other species of shrews because they are relatively mild and less aggressive. In captivity, they have been observed very conspicuously marking objects by rubbing up against them with their hindquarters, which might suggestterritoriality contrary to their mild demeanor. Scent marking seems to be important for intraspecific communication, and humans can smell their yellow secretions up to 5 m away.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="471" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[113,1321,291,1117]" pageId="76" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[117,471,922,955]" pageId="76" pageNumber="471">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Armored Hero Shrew has a wide distribution and does not seem to have many major threats other than localized deforestation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="471" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="76.[113,1321,291,1117]" pageId="76" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[118,270,1049,1074]" pageId="76" pageNumber="471">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Ahmed & Klima (1978), Allen (1917), Cassola (2016w), Churchfield et al. (2007), Cullinane et al. (1998), Dieterlen & Happold (2013), Quérouil et al. (2001), Stanley et al. (2013).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |