191 lines
19 KiB
XML
191 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A04F872CFAE6AC501054FC92" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura elongata G. S. Miller & Hollister 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="500" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="499" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870235" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A04F872CFAE6AC501054FC92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A04F872CFAE6AC501054FC92" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="500" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<heading pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<subSubSection box="[1387,1469,1815,1861]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1384,2566,1815,1944]" box="[1387,1469,1815,1861]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<figureCitation box="[1387,1469,1815,1861]" captionStart="Plate 21: Soricidae" captionStartId="95.[123,153,3098,3119]" captionTargetBox="[14,2740,16,3636]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="266. Phu Quoc White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura phuquocensis), 267. Taiwanese Gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lanakae), 268. Phan Luong White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura phanluong), 269. Sokolov White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura sokolouvi), 270. Cranbrook’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura cranbrooki), 271. Hill's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hilliana), 272. Voracious White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura vorax), 273. Sa Pa White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura sapaensis), 274. Annamite White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura annamitensis), 275. Vietnamese White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura guy), 276. Ke Go White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura kegoensis), 277. Andaman Spiny White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hispida), 278. Andaman White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura andamanensis), 279. Jenkins’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura jenkinsi), 280. Nicobar White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nicobarica), 281. Christmas Island White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura trichura), 282. Siberian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura sibirica), 283. Shantung White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura shantungensts), 284. Guldenstadt’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura gueldenstaedtii), 285. Lesser White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura suaveolens), 286. Cyrenaica White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura aleksandrisi), 287. Zarudny’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura zarudnyi), 288. Greater Ryukyu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura orii), 289. Batak White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura batakorum), 290. Mossy Forest White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura musseri), 291. Temboan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura rhoditis), 292. Lesser Black-footed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lea), 293. Sulawesi Tiny White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura levicula), 294. Elongated White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura elongata), 295. North African White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pachyura), 296. Greater White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura russula), 297. Serezkaya White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura serezkyensis), 298. Whitaker's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura whitakeri), 299. Flower’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura floweri), 300. Egyptian Pygmy White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura religiosa), 301. Bicolored White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura leucodon), 302. Saharan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tarfayensis), 303. Arabian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura arabica), 304. Dhofar White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura dhofarensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871921/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">294.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1485,2157,1815,1861]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1384,2566,1815,1944]" box="[1485,2157,1815,1861]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<vernacularName box="[1485,2157,1815,1861]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Elongated White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2229,2565,1815,1861]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1384,2566,1815,1944]" box="[2229,2565,1815,1861]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921" authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[2229,2565,1815,1861]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
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<emphasis box="[2229,2565,1815,1861]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Crocidura elongata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="499" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1384,2566,1815,1944]" box="[1386,2375,1880,1901]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1386,1461,1880,1901]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1470,1651,1880,1901]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Crocidure élancée</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1671,1762,1880,1901]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1771,2066,1880,1901]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Schlanke Weif3zahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2087,2178,1880,1901]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2188,2375,1880,1901]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Musarana alargada</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1384,2566,1815,1944]" box="[1385,2104,1920,1941]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1385,1632,1920,1941]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1642,1813,1920,1941]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Elongated Shrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1826,2104,1920,1941]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Sulawesi Long-tailed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="499" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1997,2592,1985,2412]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1997,2152,1985,2018]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921" authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">Crocidura elongata G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="499" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1997,2592,1985,2412]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<materialsCitation country="Indonesia" location="SW from Tondano Lake" municipality="Temboan" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="north-eastern Sulawesi">
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<collectingMunicipality box="[2286,2419,2032,2057]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Temboan</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A04F872CFAE6AC501054FC92:B031AD99A04F8723F619ACB71AF5F7C8" country="Indonesia" municipality="Temboan" name="SW from Tondano Lake" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" stateProvince="north-eastern Sulawesi">SW from Tondano Lake</location>
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),
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<collectingRegion box="[2256,2584,2072,2097]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">north-eastern Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1999,2139,2104,2137]" name="Indonesia" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="499" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1997,2592,1985,2412]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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Because of deep molecular divergences (2-12% sequence divergence at the cytochrome-b gene), significant karyological differences, and lack of genetic admixture among some pairs of populations,
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">C. elongata</taxonomicName>
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likely comprises a complex of several distinct species. It is part of the strongly
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1387,2593,2419,3475]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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supported “Old Sulawesian” clade of shrews that evolved from an ancient (Miocene) colonization from the Sunda Shelfto the island of Sulawesi. Other shrews in this ancient radiation include the Sulawesian endemics
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[1981,2049,2506,2531]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lea">C. lea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[2065,2195,2506,2531]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levicula">C. levicula</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[2211,2337,2506,2531]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">C. rhoditis</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruedi & Vogel" authorityYear="1995" box="[2413,2539,2506,2531]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musseri">C. musseri</taxonomicName>
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but not
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<taxonomicName box="[1445,1576,2537,2570]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">C. nigripes</taxonomicName>
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(evolved from a more recent colonization event). Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="499" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871554/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[1383,1974,1998,2412]" targetPageId="103">
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1387,2593,2419,3475]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1387,1562,2576,2609]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Endemic to Sulawesi; most widespread shrew on the island, present in most parts except on the SW peninsula where only the Temboan White-toothed Shrew (
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<taxonomicName box="[1400,1535,2660,2689]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">C. rhoditis</taxonomicName>
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) have been recorded so far.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="499" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1387,2593,2419,3475]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1387,1641,2695,2728]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 80-88 mm, tail 111-120 mm, ear 9-5 mm, hindfoot 18-2-20-1 mm; weight 9-7-12-5 g. The Elongated White-toothed Shrew is mediumsized, with a remarkably long tail, more than 130% of head-body length. It has long hindlegs, protruding ears, and very long and numerous vibrissae on its face. It is similar, but phylogenetically unrelated, to other scansorial shrews such as the Sumatran Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1886" box="[1906,2109,2892,2925]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paradoxura">C. paradoxura</taxonomicName>
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), the Sri Lankan White-toothed Shrew (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Phillips" authorityYear="1929" box="[1496,1602,2931,2964]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="483" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miya">C. miya</taxonomicName>
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), and the Climbing Shrew (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1832" box="[1990,2085,2931,2964]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Suncus</taxonomicName>
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megalurus). Pelage of the Elongated White-toothed Shrew is also unusual among South-east Asian species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2430,2555,2970,3003]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="103" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crocidura</taxonomicName>
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; it is slate-gray to gray-brown, with whitish underparts. High-elevation individuals have dense fur, but those from lower elevations are less densely furred. Feet are also lightcolored and finely covered with short whitish hairs. Tail is essentially naked and devoid of long bristle hairs. Chromosomal complementvaries between lowland (2n = 34 and FN = 62) and highland (2n = 30 and FN = 56) forms. These unique chromosomal counts are not explained by simple Robertsonian rearrangements and support the hypothesis of a species complex in the Elongated White-toothed Shrew.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="499" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="103.[1387,2593,2419,3475]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1388,1499,3285,3318]" pageId="103" pageNumber="499">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Lowland evergreen rainforests to moss forests covering highest summits from near sea level up to elevations of at least 2600 m. The Elongated White-toothed Shrew occurs in primary and secondary forests and a variety of more scrubby vegetation. Its long tail, long legs, and slender body suggests a scansorial mode of living, and it was observed climbing in low trees and shrubs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="104" pageNumber="500" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="104.[168,1376,290,878]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,429,290,323]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Elongated White-toothed Shrew eats invertebrates, but no precise data are available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[170,543,369,402]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="104.[168,1376,290,878]" box="[170,543,369,402]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,304,369,402]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">Breeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[168,1372,409,442]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="104.[168,1376,290,878]" box="[168,1372,409,442]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,404,409,442]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Elongated White-toothed Shrew is apparently mostly nocturnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="104" pageNumber="500" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="104.[168,1376,290,878]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,914,448,481]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Elongated White-toothed Shrew is found in sympatry with 4-5 other species of
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<taxonomicName box="[919,1044,487,520]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="104" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crocidura</taxonomicName>
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, but no precise data on its natural history are available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="104" pageNumber="500" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="104.[168,1376,290,878]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,520,566,599]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Elongated White-toothed Shrew is widespread and common in a variety of habitats. Nevertheless, because it is most likely an aggregate of several undiagnosed, cryptic species, this status must be seriously revised when new taxonomic revisions become available. Elongated White-toothed shrews are present in several national parks of Sulawesi.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="104" pageNumber="500" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="104.[168,1376,290,878]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,323,772,797]" pageId="104" pageNumber="500">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Cassola (2016ae), Demos et al. (2016), Eldridge et al. (2018), Esselstyn & Brown (2009), Esselstyn et al. (2009), Hutterer (2005b), Miller & Hollister (1921), Musser (1987), Ruedi (1995, 1996), Ruedi & Vogel (1995), Ruedi et al. (1998).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |