180 lines
16 KiB
XML
180 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A036875AFF09A60315AFF7F5" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sorex pacificus Coues 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="423" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="423" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6869760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6869760" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A036875AFF09A60315AFF7F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A036875AFF09A60315AFF7F5" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<heading pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<subSubSection box="[132,189,3396,3442]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[130,1133,3396,3485]" box="[132,189,3396,3442]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<figureCitation box="[132,189,3396,3442]" captionStart="Plate 15: Soricidae" captionStartId="2.[139,168,3219,3244]" captionTargetBox="[12,2756,14,3635]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="0. Radde’s Shrew (Sorex raddei), 1. Alpine Shrew (Sorex alpinus), 2. Ussuri Shrew (Sorex mwrabilis), 3. Chinese Highland Shrew (Sorex excelsus), 4. Greater Striped Shrew (Sorex cylindricauda), 5. Lesser Striped Shrew (Sorex bedfordiae), 7. Flat-skulled Shrew (Sorex roboratus), 8. Eurasian Least Shrew (Sorex munutissimus), 9. Azumi Shrew (Sorex hosonoi), 10. Slender Shrew (Sorex gracillimus), 11. Laxmann’s Shrew (Sorex caecutiens), 12. Shinto Shrew (Sorex shinto), 13. Taiga Shrew (Sorex isodon), 14. Long-clawed Shrew (Sorex unguiculatus), 15. Chinese Shrew (Sorex sinalis), 16. Common Shrew (Sorex araneus), 17. Iberian Shrew (Sorex granarius), 18. Valais Shrew (Sorex antinorn), 19. Crowned Shrew (Sorex coronatus), 20. Caucasian Shrew (Sorex satunin), 21. Siberian Large-toothed Shrew (Sorex daphaenodon), 22. Gansu Shrew (Sorex cansulus), 23. Tundra Shrew (Sorex tundrensis), 24. Tian Shan Shrew (Sorex asper), 25. Apennine Shrew (Sorex samniticus), 26. Arctic Shrew (Sorex arcticus), 27. Maritime Shrew (Sorex maritimensis), 28. Eurasian Pygmy Shrew (Sorex minutus), 29. Caucasian Pygmy Shrew (Sorex volnuchini), 30. Buchara Shrew (Sorex buchariensis), 31. Tibetan Shrew (Sorex thibetanus), 32. Kashmir Shrew (Sorex planiceps), 33. Trowbridge’s Shrew (Sorex trowbridgu), 34. Arizona Shrew (Sorex arizonae), 35. Merriam’s Shrew (Sorex merriami), 36. Alto Shrew (Sorex altoensis), 37. Jalisco Shrew (Sorex mediopua), 38. Saussure’s Shrew (Sorex saussurei), 39. San Cristobal Shrew (Sorex cristobalensis), 40. McCarthy's Shrew (Sorex mccarthyi), 41. Salvin’s Shrew (Sorex salvini), 42. Sclater’s Shrew (Sorex sclateri), 43. Pale-toothed Shrew (Sorex stizodon)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6870999/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">83.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[205,484,3396,3442]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[130,1133,3396,3485]" box="[205,484,3396,3442]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<vernacularName box="[205,484,3396,3442]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Pacific Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[535,807,3396,3442]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[130,1133,3396,3485]" box="[535,807,3396,3442]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1877" box="[535,807,3396,3442]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacificus">
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<emphasis box="[535,807,3396,3442]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Sorex pacificus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[131,1132,3459,3480]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[130,1133,3396,3485]" box="[131,1132,3459,3480]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[131,207,3459,3480]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[217,462,3459,3480]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Musaraigne du Pacifique</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[483,573,3459,3480]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[583,791,3459,3480]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Pazifische Spitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[812,903,3459,3480]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[914,1132,3459,3480]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Musarana del Pacifico</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[2007,2598,291,324]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[2007,2602,291,718]" box="[2007,2598,291,324]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2007,2163,291,324]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Coues, 1877" authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1877" box="[2189,2593,291,324]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacificus">Sorex pacificus Coues, 1877</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[2007,2602,291,718]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<materialsCitation country="United States of America" location="Fort Umpqua" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon">
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“
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A036875AFF09A60315AFF7F5:B031AD99A036875AF86BAA0C1AF9FE95" box="[2022,2215,331,364]" country="United States of America" name="Fort Umpqua" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" stateProvince="Oregon">Fort Umpqua</location>
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[
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<locationDeviation pageId="30" pageNumber="423">mouth of Umpqua River, Douglas Co.</locationDeviation>
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],
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<collectingRegion box="[2211,2324,375,404]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Oregon</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingCountry box="[2351,2416,375,404]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">USA</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[2007,2602,291,718]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1877" box="[2010,2201,410,443]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacificus">Sorex pacificus</taxonomicName>
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is in the S.
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<taxonomicName box="[2394,2501,410,443]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sonomae">sonomae</taxonomicName>
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group and subgenus Ofisorex. Whether S. bard: should be included as a subspecies or synonym of S.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1877" box="[2233,2346,528,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacificus">pacificus</taxonomicName>
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or retained as a separate species is up for debate because genetic data show that the two are not very distinct based on mtDNA. Nevertheless, they are retained as separate species here
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" box="[1397,2378,726,759]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">because of their distinctive morphologies. Two subspecies recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871050/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" targetBox="[1393,1985,303,717]" targetPageId="30">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" box="[1397,1797,766,799]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1797,766,799]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" box="[1399,2325,805,838]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<taxonomicName authority="Coues, 1877" authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1877" box="[1399,1752,805,838]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pacificus" subSpecies="pacificus">S.p.pacificusCoues,1877—CoastRangeofWOregon(NWUSA).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" box="[1399,2434,844,877]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<taxonomicName authority="Carraway, 1990" authorityName="Carraway" authorityYear="1990" box="[1399,1823,844,877]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pacificus" subSpecies="cascadensis">S. p. cascadensis Carraway, 1990</taxonomicName>
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— Cascade Range of W Oregon (NW USA).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1646,883,916]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 76-97 mm,tail 51-68 mm, hindfoot 15-18 mm; weight 7-16 g. The Pacific Shrew is relatively large. Dorsum is rich reddish brown to dark brown, and venter is orangish brown and slightly paler than dorsum. Feet are pale brown. Tail is long, narrow, nearly naked, and slightly bicolored, being pale brown above and slightly lighter below. I' lack tines and have no medial tines but do have small protuberances, unlike in the Fog Shrew (
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<taxonomicName box="[2061,2209,1080,1113]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sonomae">S. sonomae</taxonomicName>
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). Teeth are pigmented dark red. There are five unicuspids, third is smaller than fourth, and fifth is minute. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 54 and FN = 62.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1509,1198,1231]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Moist wooded areas with fallen logs and dense vegetative ground cover and thickly vegetated riparian habitats. Pacific Shrews avoid open areas that are occupied by Vagrant Shrews (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1858" box="[1677,1819,1278,1311]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vagrans">S. vagrans</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1660,1317,1350]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Pacific Shrews feed largely on various invertebrates, but their diets can include insects (large and small bodied species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2197,2360,1360,1389]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera,</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName box="[2376,2530,1360,1389]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName box="[1400,1508,1395,1428]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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, both adults and larvae), slugs, snails, earthworms, centipedes, vegetable matter, fungi, and some small vertebrates such as salamanders.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1533,1474,1507]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproductive activity of the Pacific Shrew occurs in February—November; males become sexually active in February and females in March. Females can produce more than one litter/year, possibly up to three. Litters have 2-6 young, usually 4-5 young.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1638,1631,1664]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Pacific Shrew is surprisingly inactive during the day and will spend the day resting and periodically waking up to eat cached food. Foraging occurs throughout the night; they might forage during the day when food cachesare low, but this has yet to be confirmed. Pacific Shrews create latrines near their nests to deposit fecal matter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1400,2477,1829,1862]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" box="[1400,2477,1829,1862]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,2100,1829,1862]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Pacific Shrews are solitary.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1747,1868,1901]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Pacific Shrew is relatively common, but it has a restricted distribution in Oregon. It is found in multiple protected areas, including Crater Lake National Park.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="423" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1397,2604,726,2060]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1554,1995,2020]" pageId="30" pageNumber="423">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Carraway (1985, 1988, 1990), Demboski & Cook (2001), Hammerson (2016), Maser & Hooven (1974), Verts & Carraway (1988), Whitaker & Maser (1976).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |