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<document id="A683CC2FCEBD60A2C80CA4AEB549FDFD" ID-DOI="10.26515/rzsi/v122/i2/2022/168290" ID-ISSN="2581-8686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185583" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722611838534" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Selvakumar, C. &amp; Sivaramakrishnan, K. G." docDate="2022" docId="2B7587A7FFAB9C32FD4DFAF7FB3A79C9" docLanguage="en" docName="RecZoolSurvIndia.122.2.125-151.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Zoological Survey of India 122 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB.3:RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB" docStyleName="RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Thraulus cuspidatus Vasanth, Subramanian and Selvakumar 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="D74CFFDFFFAD9C38FE0EFFF3FF987D60" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of Thraulus Eaton, 1881 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from India with the description of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="131" updateTime="1722662658265" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="4FB526B1C159D55EC8ABB4C9CC254901" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C98A623BE41F3D6CCADD649356DDF77B">
<mods:title id="46FA0E60CBEA44B5CD77FD015D4BDF7F">Contribution to the knowledge of Thraulus Eaton, 1881 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from India with the description of five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="86A0FC775337CA2E5B20B32C920C4E61" type="personal">
<mods:role id="211E57F88E5866FB26D8E538C8D42B50">
<mods:roleTerm id="8BE580491E07BF64B1422C0330E3D060">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BE1892659F6F8B07AF966C95A2D9A503">Vasanth, M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8DB33412FB06B71E596AABA9376A0E63">Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Santhome High Road, Chennai - 600028, India; Email: subbuka. zsi @ gmail. com &amp; University of Madras, Chepauk, Chennai - 600005, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CB3BFD7A5DEDE2AF76CEA4CFCAB6BB29" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DA8FD168BBADB9FE04690DF50652A993">
<mods:roleTerm id="07AA8F83D06663AF8783FF620A2887EA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1E67CF3BBDF4474AB8352F6ED2D238BD">Subramanian, K. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DC9BBD488888F22BFC3590770A18556F">Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Santhome High Road, Chennai - 600028, India; Email: subbuka. zsi @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AE16C8F2E9ABC50E48DD66F004A182FF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C25A89822ACD61B5677E1C7F4E0E4E1A">
<mods:roleTerm id="F4232783FAB7855C430AEC834B140CD3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2B0AA0CB7B8C19FBDAB20586273DF59F">Selvakumar, C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D7D1716E1938CD94B0FFE2637A683469">Department of Zoology, The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai - 625011, Tamil Nadu, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EC3886FB126D6BF813816D33D03D47E0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3763E6C1008F8CCB631FF53E82225A52">
<mods:roleTerm id="60221AF9153EE4C0999F208622639AAD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CEB34DFD3648AE3CA4F7C8AA0DA2D389">Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B7CDF6049B3A2AE5D572223E95C09F4B">Flat No 3, Door No 7, Gokulam Apartment, Gokulam Colony, West Mambalam, Chennai - 600033, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="230416FB11EB34D587CBA4C89FCFA1C4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="36DC6B71999F336668BCE9017CC320D9" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4D1B38C196AC8CD52BA71A1E3AEE2F23">
<mods:title id="522A2DD77ABADB375255A627AC805C84">Records of the Zoological Survey of India</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BA9C6F4C6007C079AFF690A9E5978A2D">
<mods:date id="EA27DEB2C04F3260A5DD2A4B0297108F">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3FA8BE4B22367CCBB49BF71A9DD4DF24" type="volume">
<mods:number id="19FC0D7E526305ABE07D3C8179C69F2D">122</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="11C65DD27F941371948E07528B5D2BA9" type="issue">
<mods:number id="54736B3D5B7173E523A1794BBE18E239">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="8509760033DCE6A4C2FED507820169B9" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C79E377BD2FD9BBCDEBF0E3A71BC8CB3">125</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A47B4E97D654EC2BF3F69BA7252DAEFD">151</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="40482BBF178CAF26B11FE74693803721">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FED0D788B3D73476F98900673D92FD6A" type="DOI">10.26515/rzsi/v122/i2/2022/168290</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="06296A733906F9608CA522DFB7EF73B1" type="ISSN">2581-8686</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="405BAF7981C1A2C47E7A3D8A11FFC23A" type="Zenodo-Dep">13185583</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="2B7587A7FFAB9C32FD4DFAF7FB3A79C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B7587A7FFAB9C32FD4DFAF7FB3A79C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B7587A7FFAB9C32FD4DFAF7FB3A79C9" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
<subSubSection id="EBC6653AFFAB9C3EFD4DFAF7FBBB7823" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFAB9C3EFD4DFAF7FBBB7823" blockId="6.[835,1472,1284,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
<heading id="F82B81DDFFAB9C3EFD4DFAF7FBBB7823" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="64DC4D32FFAB9C3EFD4DFAF7FC5E7822" authority="Vasanth, Subramanian and Selvakumar" authorityName="Vasanth, Subramanian and Selvakumar" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAB9C3EFD4DFAF7FBA5787F" bold="true" box="[835,1085,1284,1311]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Thraulus cuspidatus</emphasis>
Vasanth, Subramanian and Selvakumar
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAB9C3EFDC2FADAFBBB7823" bold="true" box="[972,1059,1321,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A9B57D8FFAB9C3EFDC2FADAFBBB7823" box="[972,1059,1321,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBC6653AFFAB9C32FD4DFAA9FB937F7D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" type="description">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFAB9C3EFD4DFAA9FC6B7815" blockId="6.[835,1011,1370,1397]" box="[835,1011,1370,1397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
(
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFAB9C3EFD44FAA9FC737815" box="[842,1003,1370,1397]" captionStart-0="Figures 15–20" captionStart-1="Figures 21–27" captionStart-2="Figures 28–32" captionStartId-0="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" captionStartId-1="8.[243,330,1850,1876]" captionStartId-2="9.[224,311,1827,1853]" captionTargetBox-0="[291,1381,219,1775]" captionTargetBox-1="[242,1363,217,1809]" captionTargetBox-2="[219,1445,218,1789]" captionTargetId-0="figure-28@7.[269,1390,212,1785]" captionTargetId-1="figure-27@8.[224,1381,210,1836]" captionTargetId-2="figure-28@9.[189,1469,210,1808]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="Figures 15–20. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 15. Dorsal view; 16. Ventral view; 17. Labrum; 18. Labrum closer view; 19. Hypopharynx; 20. Hypopharynx closer view." captionText-1="Figures 21–27. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 21. Left mandible; 22. Right mandible; 23. Maxilla; 24. Labium; 25. Foreleg; 26. Midleg; 27. Claw." captionText-2="Figures 28–32. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 28. Hindleg; 29. Gill I; 30. Gill III; 31. Gill V; 32. Gill VII." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185595" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185597" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13185595/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13185597/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Figures 15–32</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFAB9C3EFD4DFA78FBAA7B1D" blockId="6.[834,1472,1419,1661]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAB9C3EFD4DFA78FBBC78C5" box="[835,1060,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="13B43CECFFAB9C3EFA3DFA78FB1F7B56" collectingDate="2019-08-14" collectorName="K. A. Subramanian &amp; M. Vasanth &amp; Reg. No. I" country="India" county="Tirunelveli District" elevation="894" latitude="8.53699" location="Thalaiyoothu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.45233" municipality="Kalakkad" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="7C678813FFAB9C3EFA3DFA78FB0678C5" box="[1075,1182,1419,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 1 mature larva,
<collectingCountry id="DBCB7621FFAB9C3EFB71FA78FA2478C5" box="[1407,1468,1419,1445]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6118F853FFAB9C3EFD4DFA5CFC5178A9" box="[835,969,1455,1481]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="4A024E3DFFAB9C3EFDDDFA5CFB3478A9" box="[979,1196,1455,1481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Tirunelveli District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4307ACCBFFAB9C3EFAB8FA5CFABA78A9" box="[1206,1314,1455,1481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Kalakkad</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A603606AFFAB9C3EFB22FA5CFA5878A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B7587A7FFAB9C32FD4DFAF7FB3A79C9:A603606AFFAB9C3EFB22FA5CFA5878A9" box="[1324,1472,1455,1481]" country="India" county="Tirunelveli District" latitude="8.53699" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.45233" municipality="Kalakkad" name="Thalaiyoothu" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Thalaiyoothu</location>
stream near
<location id="A603606AFFAB9C3EFDD8FA20FBCF788D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B7587A7FFAB9C32FD4DFAF7FB3A79C9:A603606AFFAB9C3EFDD8FA20FBCF788D" box="[982,1111,1491,1517]" country="India" county="Tirunelveli District" latitude="8.53699" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.45233" municipality="Kalakkad" name="Sengaltheri" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Sengaltheri</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C6E85076FFAB9C3EFA68FA20FB73788E" box="[1126,1259,1491,1518]" degrees="08.53699" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" precision="1" value="8.53699">08.53699°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C6E85076FFAB9C3EFAF4FA20FA1F788E" box="[1274,1415,1491,1518]" degrees="077.45233" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" precision="1" value="77.45233">077.45233°E</geoCoordinate>
, Alt.
<quantity id="64249B54FFAB9C3EFD4DFA04FC097B72" box="[835,913,1527,1554]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.94" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" unit="m" value="894.0">
<elevation id="28F1D182FFAB9C3EFD4DFA04FC097B72" box="[835,913,1527,1554]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.94" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" unit="m" value="894.0">894 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D7621071FFAB9C3EFDACFA04FBBD7B71" box="[930,1061,1527,1553]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" value="2019-08-14">
<collectingDate id="C726E999FFAB9C3EFDACFA04FBBD7B71" box="[930,1061,1527,1553]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" value="2019-08-14">14.viii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, colls.
<collectorName id="0E295367FFAB9C3EFA75FA0BFAC57B71" box="[1147,1373,1527,1554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">K. A. Subramanian</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="0E295367FFAB9C3EFBAFFA0BFC057B55" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">M. Vasanth</collectorName>
(
<collectorName id="0E295367FFAB9C3EFDBFF9E8FBB77B56" box="[945,1071,1563,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Reg. No. I</collectorName>
/E/525)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="13B43CECFFAB9C3EFA99F9EFFBB77B1D" collectingDate="2019-08-14" collectorName="Reg. No. I &amp; Types &amp; Chennai" country="India" county="Tirunelveli District" elevation="894" latitude="8.53699" location="Thalaiyoothu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.45233" municipality="Kalakkad" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-larva="2" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="7C678813FFAB9C3EFA99F9EFFA9E7B56" box="[1175,1286,1564,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="B5DAFD38FFAB9C3EFB18F9E8FAEE7B55" box="[1302,1398,1563,1589]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (
<collectorName id="0E295367FFAB9C3EFA04F9CCFBE67B3A" box="[1034,1150,1599,1626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Reg. No. I</collectorName>
/E/526).
<collectorName id="0E295367FFAB9C3EFAEFF9B3FABA7B3A" box="[1249,1314,1600,1626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Types</collectorName>
are deposited in SRC/ZSI/
<collectorName id="0E295367FFAB9C3EFDDFF990FBB77B1D" box="[977,1071,1635,1661]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Chennai</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFAB9C3EFD4DF966FA587BCF" blockId="6.[834,1472,1684,1747]" box="[835,1472,1684,1711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAB9C3EFD4DF966FBA47BCE" box="[835,1084,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
Description (
<typeStatus id="7C678813FFAB9C3EFDC0F967FBB67BCE" box="[974,1070,1684,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
Mature larva. Body length 4.5–5.0,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFAB9C3EFD4CF94BFB747BB3" blockId="6.[834,1472,1684,1747]" box="[834,1260,1720,1747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
cerci 5, median filament 6 (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFAB9C3EFA7EF94BFB477BB3" box="[1136,1247,1720,1747]" captionStart="Figures 15–20" captionStartId="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" captionTargetBox="[291,1381,219,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[269,1390,212,1785]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 15–20. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 15. Dorsal view; 16. Ventral view; 17. Labrum; 18. Labrum closer view; 19. Hypopharynx; 20. Hypopharynx closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Figure 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFAB9C32FD4DF919FEE97864" blockId="6.[833,1472,1770,1940]" lastBlockId="10.[132,773,214,1284]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAB9C3EFD4DF919FC107A64" bold="true" box="[835,904,1770,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Head:</emphasis>
Head capsule with area between ocelli washed with black; median line of vertex pale; margins of clypeus parallel (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFAB9C3EFDA0F8C1FBBF7A2D" box="[942,1063,1842,1869]" captionStart="Figures 15–20" captionStartId="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" captionTargetBox="[291,1381,219,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[269,1390,212,1785]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 15–20. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 15. Dorsal view; 16. Ventral view; 17. Labrum; 18. Labrum closer view; 19. Hypopharynx; 20. Hypopharynx closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Figure 15</figureCitation>
). Labrum with a slightly convex posterior margin, irregular sparse setae on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces, plentiful setae on anterior dorsal surface, a single row of dense setae at the anterior margin of the labrum dorsally (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FF84FF09FE607C74" box="[394,504,250,276]" captionStart="Figures 15–20" captionStartId="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" captionTargetBox="[291,1381,219,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[269,1390,212,1785]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 15–20. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 15. Dorsal view; 16. Ventral view; 17. Labrum; 18. Labrum closer view; 19. Hypopharynx; 20. Hypopharynx closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figure 17</figureCitation>
); anterior emargination moderately concave with median blunt teeth projecting beyond the anterior edge of the labrum (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FC71FEB1FD6E7C3C" box="[639,758,322,348]" captionStart="Figures 15–20" captionStartId="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" captionTargetBox="[291,1381,219,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[269,1390,212,1785]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 15–20. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 15. Dorsal view; 16. Ventral view; 17. Labrum; 18. Labrum closer view; 19. Hypopharynx; 20. Hypopharynx closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figure 18</figureCitation>
). Lingua of hypopharynx with well developed lateral processes, anterior margin shallowly emarginated; the hypopharyngeal superlingua has well-developed lateral projection with its arms. (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FFA7FE21FDE27C8C" box="[425,634,466,492]" captionStart="Figures 15–20" captionStartId="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" captionTargetBox="[291,1381,219,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[269,1390,212,1785]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 15–20. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 15. Dorsal view; 16. Ventral view; 17. Labrum; 18. Labrum closer view; 19. Hypopharynx; 20. Hypopharynx closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figures 19 and 20</figureCitation>
). Mandibles with sparse lateral setae; prostheca of the left mandible with a stout spine; outer margin of the mandible with 7–8 setae on the middle region (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FFFBFDCDFD5D7F38" box="[501,709,574,600]" captionStart="Figures 21–27" captionStartId="8.[243,330,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[242,1363,217,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[224,1381,210,1836]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 21–27. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 21. Left mandible; 22. Right mandible; 23. Maxilla; 24. Labium; 25. Foreleg; 26. Midleg; 27. Claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185595/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figures 21 and 22</figureCitation>
). The maxilla has dense thick spines and fine setae on anterior margin, an additional row of 15 pectinate setae presents among these, a large thicker pectinate projection on the inner corner; the outer margin of maxilla and cardo with setae; the palp III segmented, the length of segment I is 1.3 times the length of segment II, an outer margin with few setae; the length of segment III 0.9–1.0 times the length of segment II, an outer and inner margins of palps with setae, the III segment with small tuft of apical setae (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FEDEFC55FEDD7EA0" box="[208,325,934,960]" captionStart="Figures 21–27" captionStartId="8.[243,330,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[242,1363,217,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[224,1381,210,1836]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 21–27. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 21. Left mandible; 22. Right mandible; 23. Maxilla; 24. Labium; 25. Foreleg; 26. Midleg; 27. Claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185595/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figure 23</figureCitation>
). Labium: glossa with thick, plate-like setae on ventral surface and fewer setae on dorsal surface; paraglossa with denser but fewer setae on dorsal surface; first segment of labial palp with thick setae on inner and outer margins; second segment with setae on outer margin; apical segment with thick setae on dorsal and fine setae on tip; those near the apex of the apical segment gathered into small tufts; segment I length ca. 1.5 times segment II length; segment III length 0.7 times segment II length (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FEFBFB19FEFD7864" box="[245,357,1258,1284]" captionStart="Figures 21–27" captionStartId="8.[243,330,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[242,1363,217,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[224,1381,210,1836]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 21–27. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 21. Left mandible; 22. Right mandible; 23. Maxilla; 24. Labium; 25. Foreleg; 26. Midleg; 27. Claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185595/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figure 24</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7A36639FFAA9C3FFF2DF8E3FACB7A2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" startId="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" targetBox="[291,1381,219,1775]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFAA9C3FFF2DF8E3FB767A4B" blockId="7.[291,1363,1808,1868]" box="[291,1262,1808,1835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAA9C3FFF2DF8E3FE557A4A" bold="true" box="[291,461,1808,1834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">Figures 15–20.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="64DC4D32FFAA9C3FFC38F8E2FC8A7A4B" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar &amp; Sivaramakrishnan" authorityYear="2022" box="[566,786,1809,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAA9C3FFC38F8E2FC8A7A4B" box="[566,786,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">Thraulus cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAA9C3FFD16F8E2FC097A4A" bold="true" box="[792,913,1808,1835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A9B57D8FFAA9C3FFD16F8E2FCF77A4B" box="[792,879,1809,1835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
15
</emphasis>
. Dorsal view;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAA9C3FFA3FF8E3FBCC7A4A" bold="true" box="[1073,1108,1808,1834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">16.</emphasis>
Ventral view;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFAA9C3FFF9EF8C1FACB7A2C" blockId="7.[291,1363,1808,1868]" box="[400,1363,1842,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAA9C3FFF9EF8C1FE2B7A2C" bold="true" box="[400,435,1842,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">17.</emphasis>
Labrum;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAA9C3FFC2EF8C1FDDC7A2C" bold="true" box="[544,580,1842,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">18.</emphasis>
Labrum closer view;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAA9C3FFD3DF8C1FCCF7A2C" bold="true" box="[819,855,1842,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">19.</emphasis>
Hypopharynx;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFAA9C3FFA08F8C1FBB17A2C" bold="true" box="[1030,1065,1842,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">20.</emphasis>
Hypopharynx closer view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F7A36639FFA59C30FEFDF8C9FC747A16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185595" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185595/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" startId="8.[243,330,1850,1876]" targetBox="[242,1363,217,1809]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA59C30FEFDF8C9FB6C7A34" blockId="8.[243,1268,1850,1910]" box="[243,1268,1850,1877]" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA59C30FEFDF8C9FE067A34" bold="true" box="[243,414,1850,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">Figures 21–27.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="64DC4D32FFA59C30FC09F8C9FD7B7A34" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar &amp; Sivaramakrishnan" authorityYear="2022" box="[519,739,1850,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA59C30FC09F8C9FD7B7A34" box="[519,739,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">Thraulus cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA59C30FCE7F8C9FCF17A34" bold="true" box="[745,873,1850,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A9B57D8FFA59C30FCE7F8C9FCD87A34" box="[745,832,1850,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
21.
</emphasis>
Left mandible;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA59C30FA16F8C9FBA27A34" bold="true" box="[1048,1082,1850,1876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">22.</emphasis>
Right mandible;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA59C30FF6FF8A8FC747A16" blockId="8.[243,1268,1850,1910]" box="[353,1004,1883,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA59C30FF6FF8A8FE1C7A15" bold="true" box="[353,388,1883,1909]" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">23.</emphasis>
Maxilla;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA59C30FFE5F8A8FD967A15" bold="true" box="[491,526,1883,1909]" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">24.</emphasis>
Labium;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA59C30FC76F8A8FD027A15" bold="true" box="[632,666,1883,1909]" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">25.</emphasis>
Foreleg;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA59C30FD0EF8A8FCBB7A15" bold="true" box="[768,803,1883,1909]" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">26.</emphasis>
Midleg;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA59C30FD8BF8A8FC307A15" bold="true" box="[901,936,1883,1909]" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">27.</emphasis>
Claw.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F7A36639FFA49C31FEEEF8D0FA2D7A5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185597" box="[224,1461,1827,1854]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185597/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" startId="9.[224,311,1827,1853]" targetBox="[219,1445,218,1789]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA49C31FEEEF8D0FA2D7A5E" blockId="9.[224,1461,1827,1854]" box="[224,1461,1827,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA49C31FEEEF8D0FE127A5D" bold="true" box="[224,394,1827,1853]" pageId="9" pageNumber="134">Figures 28–32.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="64DC4D32FFA49C31FFFDF8D7FD577A5E" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar &amp; Sivaramakrishnan" authorityYear="2022" box="[499,719,1828,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA49C31FFFDF8D7FD577A5E" box="[499,719,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="134">Thraulus cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA49C31FCDBF8D7FCCD7A5D" bold="true" box="[725,853,1827,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A9B57D8FFA49C31FCDBF8D7FCB47A5E" box="[725,812,1828,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
28.
</emphasis>
Hindleg;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA49C31FDCDF8D0FC7E7A5D" bold="true" box="[963,998,1827,1853]" pageId="9" pageNumber="134">29.</emphasis>
Gill I;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA49C31FA3DF8D0FBCE7A5D" bold="true" box="[1075,1110,1827,1853]" pageId="9" pageNumber="134">30.</emphasis>
Gill III;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA49C31FAB8F8D0FB417A5D" bold="true" box="[1206,1241,1827,1853]" pageId="9" pageNumber="134">31.</emphasis>
Gill V;
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA49C31FB20F8D0FAC87A5D" bold="true" box="[1326,1360,1827,1853]" pageId="9" pageNumber="134">32.</emphasis>
Gill VII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FE8BFAE8FD687A4D" blockId="10.[132,772,1307,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA79C32FE8BFAE8FF787855" bold="true" box="[133,224,1307,1333]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Thorax:</emphasis>
Pronotum brown with pale irregular markings on the dorsal surface. Mesonotum is brown, and the median area is pale (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FF6AFA90FE4A781E" box="[356,466,1379,1406]" captionStart="Figures 15–20" captionStartId="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" captionTargetBox="[291,1381,219,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[269,1390,212,1785]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 15–20. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 15. Dorsal view; 16. Ventral view; 17. Labrum; 18. Labrum closer view; 19. Hypopharynx; 20. Hypopharynx closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figure 15</figureCitation>
). Foreleg of trochanter with anterior surfaces black with brown, and lateral surface brownish yellow; basal femora ½ of dark brown, apically with yellowish brown, tibiae brownish with very sparse and thin setae on the inner margin, densely covered with a row of feathered setae and with a row of stout and transverse setae (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FF45F9C8FE267B36" box="[331,446,1595,1622]" captionStart="Figures 21–27" captionStartId="8.[243,330,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[242,1363,217,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[224,1381,210,1836]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 21–27. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 21. Left mandible; 22. Right mandible; 23. Maxilla; 24. Labium; 25. Foreleg; 26. Midleg; 27. Claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185595/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figure 25</figureCitation>
). Hind femora with apically 1/3 of blackish and stout setae on the outer margin, hind tibiae mixed with dense, thick and feathered setae on the surface; tarsi of all legs with several thick setae on the inner margin and sparse setae on the outer margin (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FE83F91CFEA17A69" box="[141,313,1775,1802]" captionStart="Figures 21–27" captionStartId="8.[243,330,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[242,1363,217,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[224,1381,210,1836]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 21–27. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 21. Left mandible; 22. Right mandible; 23. Maxilla; 24. Labium; 25. Foreleg; 26. Midleg; 27. Claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185595/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figures 25, 26</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FF70F91CFE057A69" box="[382,413,1775,1801]" captionStart="Figures 28–32" captionStartId="9.[224,311,1827,1853]" captionTargetBox="[219,1445,218,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[189,1469,210,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 28–32. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 28. Hindleg; 29. Gill I; 30. Gill III; 31. Gill V; 32. Gill VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185597/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">28</figureCitation>
). Claws with a row of 10–11 denticles, progressively larger towards apex (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FC7AF8E0FD7C7A4D" box="[628,740,1811,1837]" captionStart="Figures 21–27" captionStartId="8.[243,330,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[242,1363,217,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[224,1381,210,1836]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 21–27. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 21. Left mandible; 22. Right mandible; 23. Maxilla; 24. Labium; 25. Foreleg; 26. Midleg; 27. Claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185595/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figure 27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FE8BF8B7FA2A7C8C" blockId="10.[133,771,1860,1923]" lastBlockId="10.[834,1474,214,492]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA79C32FE8BF8B7FE987A3E" bold="true" box="[133,256,1860,1886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Abdomen brown, with an indistinct paired submedian stripe along the body axis. Terga III–IX with posterolateral projections (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FA61FF25FB467D91" box="[1135,1246,214,241]" captionStart="Figures 15–20" captionStartId="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" captionTargetBox="[291,1381,219,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[269,1390,212,1785]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 15–20. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 15. Dorsal view; 16. Ventral view; 17. Labrum; 18. Labrum closer view; 19. Hypopharynx; 20. Hypopharynx closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figure 15</figureCitation>
). Sterna I–VII white and VIII–X dark brownish yellow (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FAD5FF09FAD67C74" box="[1243,1358,250,276]" captionStart="Figures 15–20" captionStartId="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" captionTargetBox="[291,1381,219,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[269,1390,212,1785]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 15–20. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 15. Dorsal view; 16. Ventral view; 17. Labrum; 18. Labrum closer view; 19. Hypopharynx; 20. Hypopharynx closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figure 16</figureCitation>
). Gills on abdominal segment I–VII; gills I slender, lanceolate, ventral lamellae little wider than dorsal (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FB03FEB1FAE67C3C" box="[1293,1406,322,348]" captionStart="Figures 28–32" captionStartId="9.[224,311,1827,1853]" captionTargetBox="[219,1445,218,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[189,1469,210,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 28–32. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 28. Hindleg; 29. Gill I; 30. Gill III; 31. Gill V; 32. Gill VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185597/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figure 29</figureCitation>
); gills II–VII similar in shape, oval, with marginal long fringes; tracheae of gills branched (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FA60FE79FAC77CC4" box="[1134,1375,394,420]" captionStart="Figures 28–32" captionStartId="9.[224,311,1827,1853]" captionTargetBox="[219,1445,218,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[189,1469,210,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 28–32. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 28. Hindleg; 29. Gill I; 30. Gill III; 31. Gill V; 32. Gill VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185597/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figures 30, 31 and 32</figureCitation>
). Caudal filaments with a whorl of setae on alternate segments; setae shorter than the length of corresponding segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FD4DFDF0FB937F7D" blockId="10.[835,1035,515,541]" box="[835,1035,515,541]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA79C32FD4DFDF0FC157F7D" bold="true" box="[835,909,515,541]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Adult:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBC6653AFFA79C32FD4DFDC6FB6D7F8C" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FD4DFDC6FBA17FF6" blockId="10.[835,1472,564,662]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA79C32FD4DFDC6FC527F2F" bold="true" box="[835,970,565,591]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species epithet is a Latin adjective, cuspidate, meaning cuspid-like shape of the anterior margin of the labrum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FD4DFD5DFB6D7F8C" blockId="10.[835,1472,686,748]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA79C32FD4DFD5DFC487FA8" box="[835,976,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="6118F853FFA79C32FDD7FD5DFBF97FA8" box="[985,1121,686,712]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
(Kalakkad and Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve Forest, Tirunelveli dist.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBC6653AFFA79C32FD4DFCF0FB3A79C9" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FD4DFCF0FA907E05" blockId="10.[835,1472,771,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA79C32FD4DFCF0FC277E7D" bold="true" box="[835,959,771,797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64DC4D32FFA79C32FDD9FCF0FB5F7E7D" authorityName="Vasanth &amp; Subramanian &amp; Selvakumar &amp; Sivaramakrishnan" authorityYear="2022" box="[983,1223,771,797]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA79C32FDD9FCF0FB5F7E7D" box="[983,1223,771,797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Thraulus cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91A8EAA3FFA79C32FAEFFCF0FAD37E7D" bold="true" box="[1249,1355,771,797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A9B57D8FFA79C32FAEFFCF0FAD37E7D" box="[1249,1355,771,797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from other known species of the genus by the following combination of characters:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FD65FC83FB6E7EB1" blockId="10.[835,1472,771,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
• Labrum anterior emargination is moderately concave with median blunt teeth projecting beyond the anterior edge (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FA46FC44FB717EB1" box="[1096,1257,951,977]" captionStart="Figures 15–20" captionStartId="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" captionTargetBox="[291,1381,219,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[269,1390,212,1785]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 15–20. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 15. Dorsal view; 16. Ventral view; 17. Labrum; 18. Labrum closer view; 19. Hypopharynx; 20. Hypopharynx closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figures 17, 18</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FD65FC2FFAD87979" blockId="10.[835,1472,771,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
• Superlingua hypopharynx has well-developed lateral projection with its arms (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FA9CFC0CFAAC7979" box="[1170,1332,1023,1049]" captionStart="Figures 15–20" captionStartId="7.[291,378,1808,1834]" captionTargetBox="[291,1381,219,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-28@7.[269,1390,212,1785]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 15–20. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 15. Dorsal view; 16. Ventral view; 17. Labrum; 18. Labrum closer view; 19. Hypopharynx; 20. Hypopharynx closer view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185593/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figures 19, 20</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FD65FBD7FB4D7901" blockId="10.[835,1472,771,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
• Mandibular outer margin of with 7–8 setae on middle region (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FA29FBB4FB517901" box="[1063,1225,1095,1121]" captionStart="Figures 21–27" captionStartId="8.[243,330,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[242,1363,217,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[224,1381,210,1836]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 21–27. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 21. Left mandible; 22. Right mandible; 23. Maxilla; 24. Labium; 25. Foreleg; 26. Midleg; 27. Claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185595/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figures 21, 22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A36336B1FFA79C32FD65FB9FFB3A79C9" blockId="10.[835,1472,771,1193]" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">
• Claws with a row of 10–11 denticles, progressively larger apically (
<figureCitation id="3BE72A34FFA79C32FA28FB7CFB0D79C9" box="[1062,1173,1167,1193]" captionStart="Figures 21–27" captionStartId="8.[243,330,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[242,1363,217,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[224,1381,210,1836]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 21–27. Larva of Thraulus cuspidatus sp. nov. 21. Left mandible; 22. Right mandible; 23. Maxilla; 24. Labium; 25. Foreleg; 26. Midleg; 27. Claw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185595/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="135">Figure 27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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