296 lines
46 KiB
XML
296 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303226" ID-GBIF-Dataset="564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303226" approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1644003985773" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M." docDate="2022" docId="03B987A94367FF97FF54FEC2FB62DE5C" docLanguage="en" docName="systEnt.47.113-151.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 47" docTitle="Lasiini Ashmead 1905" docType="key" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="FF80FFD14372FF82FFF5FF95FF99D837" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="113" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1646046328535" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-01-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>47</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>113</mods:start>
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<mods:end>151</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/syen.12522</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5975346</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303226" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303226" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A94367FF97FF54FEC2FB62DE5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A94367FF97FF54FEC2FB62DE5C" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[161,766,343,395]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<heading pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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Key to extant genera of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[400,470,343,365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
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and primary clades of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" box="[701,766,343,364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[701,766,343,364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(workers)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="key">
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<key pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[177,768,403,904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,196,403,425]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">1.</emphasis>
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Antenna with eight antennomeres. Mesonotum, metanotum, and propodeum more-or-less continuous, and metanotum undifferentiated (
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<figureCitation box="[561,646,463,484]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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). Propodeal spiracle distinctly situated in dorsal third of propodeum. Frontal carinae inconspicuous, being extremely short (
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<emphasis box="[227,243,553,575]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134"><</emphasis>
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0.5 × anteroposterior antennal torulus diameter) or absent .............................................. ...
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1920" box="[261,389,613,634]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[261,389,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Cladomyrma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Agosti, D." box="[401,566,613,634]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="293 - 310" part="16" refId="ref30626" refString="Agosti, D. (1991) Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 16, 293 - 310." title="Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1991">seeAgosti, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Agosti, D. & Moog, J. & Maschwitz, U." box="[575,757,613,634]" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 24" part="3283" refId="ref30666" refString="Agosti, D., Moog, J. & Maschwitz, U. (1999) Revision of the oriental plant-ant genus Cladomyrma. American Museum Novitates, 3283, 1 - 24." title="Revision of the oriental plant-ant genus Cladomyrma" type="journal article" year="1999">
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Agosti
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<emphasis box="[645,694,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">etal.</emphasis>
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, 1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[177,768,403,904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,193,643,665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
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Antenna with 11 or 12 antennomeres. Mesonotum, metanotum, and/or propodeum discontinuous, and metanotum differentiated (
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<figureCitation box="[497,681,703,724]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6A–G, I–L</figureCitation>
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), rarely mesosomal dorsum continuous and metanotum undifferentiated (few
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<emphasis box="[380,549,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
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) (
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<figureCitation box="[572,651,763,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
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). Propodeal spiracle situated somewhat below or above midheight of propodeum, but not in dorsal third. Frontal carinae conspicuous (≥1.0 × anteroposterior antennal torulus diameter) .................... ....................
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,767,882,904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">2</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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||
</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[177,768,912,1594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,195,912,934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">2.</emphasis>
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Petiole posteriorly elongated. Node reduced, apex not or barely projecting dorsally above metapleural gland when observed in profile view (
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<figureCitation box="[464,569,973,994]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6F–L</figureCitation>
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). Abdominal tergum IV with anterolateral corners directed anterodorsally from helcium and forming lateral margins of concavity, which receives entire posterior region of petiole when gaster raised (
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<figureCitation box="[292,371,1092,1113]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
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); petiole largely obscured by abdominal tergum IV in dorsal view. Facial region between antennal toruli flat, effaced frontal carinae not raised above toruli (
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<figureCitation box="[226,304,1182,1203]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
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)...........................
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[597,702,1182,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[597,702,1182,1203]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Prenolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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genus group
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</emphasis>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="LaPolla, J. S. & Kallal, R. J. & Brady, S. G." box="[330,520,1212,1234]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="200 - 214" part="37" refId="ref35441" refString="LaPolla, J. S., Kallal, R. J. & Brady, S. G. (2012) A new ant genus from the greater Antilles and Central America, Zatania (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), exemplifies the utility of male and molecular character systems. Systematic Entomology, 37, 200 - 214." title="A new ant genus from the greater Antilles and Central America, Zatania (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), exemplifies the utility of male and molecular character systems" type="journal article" year="2012">
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LaPolla
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<emphasis box="[410,459,1213,1234]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">etal.</emphasis>
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, 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L." box="[530,757,1212,1233]" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="35 - 48" part="422" refId="ref35347" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L. (2014) Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys, 422, 35 - 48." title="Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2014">LaPolla & Fisher, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</keyLead>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[177,768,912,1594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,193,1242,1264]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
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Petiole without posterior elongation. Node squamiform, not reduced, apex projecting dorsally above metapleural gland when observed in profile view (
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<figureCitation box="[226,342,1332,1353]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6B–E</figureCitation>
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). Abdominal tergum IV with anterolateral corners weakly or not raised anterodorsally from helcium, corners not forming lateral margins of concavity and not concealing entire posterior region of petiole when gaster raised (
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<figureCitation box="[530,617,1452,1473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
); petiole visible in dorsal view, not obscured by abdominal tergum IV. Facial region between antennal toruli bulging to concave, frontal carinae raised above toruli (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[226,301,1572,1593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
) ..........................................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,767,1572,1594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">3</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[177,767,1602,1863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,195,1602,1624]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">3.</emphasis>
|
||
Eyes situated in anterior half of head as measured in full-face view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[383,481,1632,1653]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,184,1169,1189]" captionTargetBox="[307,1271,173,1137]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[306,1272,172,1138]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Habitus images for the three new genera recognized in this study; scale bars = 0.25 mm. (A, B) Metalasius myrmidon gen.nov. comb.nov. (CASENT0906115); (C, D) †Metalasius pumilus gen.nov. comb.nov. (SMFBE1226); (E, F) †Sussudio gen.nov. comb.nov. (GZG-BST04646). Views: A = full-face; B, E = profile; C = laterally oblique facial; D, F = dorsal. Observe: (1) The compound eyes of Metalasius myrmidon and †M. pumilus are mid-set, and (2) †Sussudio gen.nov. has a distinctly-carinate propodeal foramen, vertical petiolar node and nongrooved (lateromedially convex) third abdominal tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975378/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metapleural gland orifice reduced, with opening directed posteriorly. Propodeal spiracle situated in lower half of propodeum in profile view. Antennomere III broader than long. Hypostoma lacking carina along lateral margins ................... .........................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[495,692,1781,1803]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[495,603,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.nov.">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[495,603,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[609,692,1781,1803]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(notall states observable for †
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[463,581,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[463,581,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[596,714,1811,1833]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[596,714,1811,1833]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, see below).
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[851,1437,172,372]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[851,863,172,194]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
|
||
Eyes situated in posterior half of head as measured in full-face view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1042,1104,202,223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metapleural gland orifice small to very large, opening laterally as well as posteriorly. Propodeal spiracle situated at or above midheight of propodeum in profile view. Antennomere III usually longer than broad. Hypostoma with carina along lateral margins ......................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1200,1436,350,372]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
4 (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1226,1291,351,372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1226,1291,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus group).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[847,1437,380,968]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[847,865,380,402]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">4.</emphasis>
|
||
Maxillary palpomeres III and IV strongly flattened and greatly elongated, length of each exceeds length of apical antennomere. Ventral surface of head with psammophore, that is, margined by long setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1341,1426,470,491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesothorax and metathorax elongated, mesonotum meeting metanotum at very low angle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1231,1311,529,550]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compound eyes set at or near extreme posterior margin of head in full-face view; eyes often separated from this border by
|
||
<emphasis box="[919,935,618,640]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134"><</emphasis>
|
||
1 eye diameter .................................. ............
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wasmael" box="[1020,1173,648,669]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecocystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1020,1173,648,669]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Myrmecocystus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snelling, R. R." box="[1223,1364,648,669]" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Bulletin" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 163" part="24" refId="ref38344" refString="Snelling, R. R. (1976) A Revision of the Honey Ants, Genus Myrmecocystus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Bulletin, 24, 1 - 163." title="A Revision of the Honey Ants, Genus Myrmecocystus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1976">Snelling, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Snelling, R. R." box="[1374,1426,648,669]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="69 - 86" part="81" refId="ref38384" refString="Snelling, R. R. (1982) A revision of the honey ants, genus Myrmecocystus, first supplement (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 81, 69 - 86." title="A revision of the honey ants, genus Myrmecocystus, first supplement (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[847,1437,380,968]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[851,863,678,700]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
|
||
Maxillary palpomeres III and IV circular to elliptical in cross-section and not elongated, length of each is less than length of apical antennomere. Ventral surface of head without psammophore (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1306,1425,767,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesothorax not elongated and metathorax very rarely elongated, mesonotum usually meeting metanotum at steep angle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1021,1137,857,878]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compound eyes set further away from posterior head margin in full-face view; eyes usually separated from this border by
|
||
<emphasis box="[1360,1376,916,938]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">></emphasis>
|
||
1 eye diameter..................................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1331,1430,946,968]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
5 (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1357,1422,946,967]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1357,1422,946,967]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[847,1437,975,1503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[847,865,975,997]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">5.</emphasis>
|
||
Metapleural gland enlarged internally, atrium (internal chamber of gland) bulging (forming bulla) and conspicuously visible from external view in profile (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1336,1414,1035,1056]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
)*. Usually, distance between atrium and propodeal spiracle
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,905,1094,1116]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134"><</emphasis>
|
||
2 spiracular diameters as viewed with spiracle and gland in same plane of focus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1116,1190,1124,1145]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compound eyes usually somewhat- to very-reduced;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1163,1178,1154,1176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">if</emphasis>
|
||
compound eye large,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1391,1436,1154,1176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">then</emphasis>
|
||
offset basal tooth present on mandible
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1264,1303,1184,1206]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">and</emphasis>
|
||
body yellowish brown........................................... ................................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1241,1436,1243,1265]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1241,1370,1243,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1241,1370,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasiusflavus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[847,1437,975,1503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[851,863,1273,1295]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
|
||
Metapleural gland small, atrium flat to concave, inconspicuous from external view in profile (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1340,1425,1303,1324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Usually, distance between atrium and propodeal spiracle
|
||
<emphasis box="[940,956,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">></emphasis>
|
||
2 spiracular diameters as viewed with spiracle and gland in same plane of focus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1275,1357,1392,1413]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compound eyes relatively large
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1195,1234,1422,1444]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">and</emphasis>
|
||
offset basal tooth absent;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[972,987,1452,1474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">if</emphasis>
|
||
offset basal tooth present,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1289,1334,1452,1474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">then</emphasis>
|
||
body jet black .............................
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1248,1436,1481,1503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1248,1371,1481,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1248,1371,1481,1502]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasiusniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[830,1436,1533,1643]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||
*Note: The enlarged state of the metapleural gland bulla is a defining synapomorphy of the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1126,1182,1563,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1126,1182,1563,1584]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">flavus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade. Aslightly enlarged bulla is observable in the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1087,1192,1592,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1087,1192,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">fuliginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, but these jet-coloured ants are otherwise highly distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |