136 lines
15 KiB
XML
136 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="75C264BC3D34A492AA363E024E7E9638" ID-CLB-Dataset="22331" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddb62273-2007-405c-968b-ebd41b334d22" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814013" ID-ZooBank="FA9664B5-0439-44E0-BDFA-485CF1C2CCEF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588834819207" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="James, Helen F." docDate="2020" docId="03B6CA67FFFFFFEEFF3FF8527BE8FD62" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4772.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4772 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Accipitrinae Vieillot 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="FF8FB21FFFF7FFE7FFA8FF967F47FFEA" masterDocTitle="The Irvingtonian Avifauna of Cumberland Bone Cave, Maryland" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1698838858463" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
|
<mods:mods id="06A9DBA41525D6BA55B93E9D31922662" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="7C714BC669E4D8F68E00DAC127498E35">
|
|
<mods:title id="616678A87A5BF9C4DA79478309260466">The Irvingtonian Avifauna of Cumberland Bone Cave, Maryland</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="720D3C73E719F3B8EAA5A49A729D819A" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="B2355C6358D50BC2B2C85A3DAD32D48F">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="54ABED2D2B74E2651A827565C6717914">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="837A092B501EAB110ED1CF4D7ED5B4F3">James, Helen F.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="37BF4269BBE7FEF1BE34B976D7DFE46A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="597FAAD604110ACC22F21B97C6EACDDC" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="5101853F3C0969F4C4AE6D2AF9854AD4">
|
|
<mods:title id="0CA1B1D3C4839A48C7CEB892A75E9288">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="3F1EB14B7E6597BDF671E1FE250DF86D">
|
|
<mods:date id="43CEAA0ABF6CD8066BE2C0854A37FF94">2020</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="A74632C579B0914BF0CF342AC4F239D5" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="CC59C67F4279F0FAE3B747BC2350880D">2020-05-07</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="8684ADF04800AA30BE4599BCB379F6ED" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="CC1FDAB4D11B0D3FE5A5BBCC59CAA21F">4772</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="D3F2A8B994EDAC5278EAF43E23D4BDBE" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="0B04BADB14076B2C3E2CD1D5AE31246D">1</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="50BD2FAA1FAEBA91A3EE4DD46A898E7F" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="D0BE3BBEE724A9CC09E2CCCB7251E509">111</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="A2FACF1836236B5729352AEDD9FDF9C2">131</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification id="13FC4B750AF8E3B981EB24BE67C74B14">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="185C79964DDBDBFE27F9D96D284061C4" type="CLB-Dataset">22331</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="F7DBDBDA3E827B642817D82E9A40C401" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.4</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="ADA934B22003BE2E0190266013026FE0" type="GBIF-Dataset">ddb62273-2007-405c-968b-ebd41b334d22</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="D4B297C9C686B9B35F81F05C8A694D78" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="3819A4EEED55A00B513A232E36C60F2A" type="Zenodo-Dep">3814013</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="492D9C16A754A00BBED001A03E9E84DF" type="ZooBank">FA9664B5-0439-44E0-BDFA-485CF1C2CCEF</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="03B6CA67FFFFFFEEFF3FF8527BE8FD62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3815448" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163975525" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3815448" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B6CA67FFFFFFEEFF3FF8527BE8FD62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6CA67FFFFFFEEFF3FF8527BE8FD62" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFFFFEFFF3FF8527E75F834" box="[151,306,1988,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFFFFEFFF3FF8527E75F834" blockId="8.[151,306,1988,2014]" box="[151,306,1988,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
|
|
<heading id="D0E8CC1DFFFFFFEFFF3FF8527E75F834" bold="true" box="[151,306,1988,2014]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" reason="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFFFFEFFF3FF8527E75F834" ID-CoL="J3F" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,306,1988,2014]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Accipitrinae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFFFFEFFF3FF8527E75F834" bold="true" box="[151,306,1988,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Accipitrinae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFEFFEEFF3FFF0F7CFFFF59" box="[151,952,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFEFFEEFF3FFF0F7CFFFF59" blockId="9.[151,952,153,180]" box="[151,952,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFF3FFF0F7EB9FF59" ID-CoL="FZLP" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,510,153,180]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysaetos">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFF3FFF0F7EB9FF59" bold="true" box="[151,510,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFF3FFF0F7E28FF5E" bold="true" box="[151,367,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Aquila chrysaetos</emphasis>
|
|
(Linnaeus)
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFE56FF0C7D41FF5E" box="[510,518,154,180]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">/</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFDAEFF0F7CFFFF59" authority="Emslie & Czaplewski 1999" authorityName="Emslie & Czaplewski" authorityYear="1999" box="[518,952,153,180]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivia">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFDAEFF0F7D24FF5E" bold="true" box="[518,611,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">A. bivia</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFEFFEEFDC2FF0F7CFFFF59" author="Emslie, S. D. & Czaplewski, N. J." box="[618,952,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" pagination="185 - 198" refId="ref13072" refString="Emslie, S. D. & Czaplewski, N. J. (1999) Two new fossil eagles from the late Pliocene (late Blancan) of Florida and Arizona and their biogeographic implications. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 89, 185 - 198." type="journal article" year="1999">Emslie & Czaplewski 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFEFFEEFF3FFF777C3CFF11" box="[151,891,225,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFEFFEEFF3FFF777C3CFF11" blockId="9.[151,1437,225,648]" box="[151,891,225,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFF3FFF777E41FF16" bold="true" box="[151,262,225,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Material.</emphasis>
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED0EE3B4FFFEFFEEFEA5FF777E7EFF11" box="[269,313,225,251]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">CM</collectionCode>
|
|
34018,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFE3CFF747EB7FF11" box="[404,496,225,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="ungual">r ungual</taxonomicName>
|
|
phalanx with tip and base missing.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFEFFEEFF6FFE937E62FE1D" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFEFFEEFF6FFE937E62FE1D" blockId="9.[151,1437,225,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFF6FFE937E1EFECA" bold="true" box="[199,345,261,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Description.</emphasis>
|
|
Corresponds in size and shape with the terminal phalanx of digits one (the hind toe) and two of an eagle.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFEFFEEFEACFEBF7DEBFEA9" author="Brodkorb, P. & Mourer-Chauvire, C." box="[260,684,297,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref12403" refString="Brodkorb, P. & Mourer-Chauvire, C. (1984) Pleistocene Birds from Cumberland Cave, Maryland. In: Genoways, H. H. & Dawson, M. R. (Eds.), Contributions in Quaternary Vertebrate Paleontology: A Volume in Memorial to John E. Guilday. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Special Publication No. 8, pp. 39 - 43." type="book chapter" year="1984">Brodkorb & Mourer-Chauviré (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
referred it to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFCE2FEBC7CA4FEA9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[842,995,297,324]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysaetos">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFCE2FEBC7CA4FEA9" box="[842,995,297,324]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">A. chrysaetos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
rather than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFBC5FEBC7A77FEA9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[1133,1328,297,323]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Haliaeetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucocephalus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFBC5FEBC7A77FEA9" box="[1133,1328,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">H. leucocephalus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on large overall size and more gentle distal tapering of the claw core (plantar view), implying a longer claw. Based on these criteria, I found it to be larger than all comparative specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFC72FEE47BDBFE61" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[986,1180,369,395]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Haliaeetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucocephalus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFC72FEE47BDBFE61" box="[986,1180,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">H. leucocephalus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and most comparative skeletons of
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFE8CFE007E85FE45" box="[292,450,405,432]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFE8CFE007EF9FE45" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[292,446,405,432]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysaetos">A. chrysaetos</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
It agrees well in size and shape with one comparative skeleton of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFB0DFE007A7BFE45" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1189,1340,405,432]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysaetos">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFB0DFE007A7BFE45" box="[1189,1340,405,432]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">A. chrysaetos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(USNM BIRDS 19724). However, the possibility that it belongs to the larger early Irvingtonian species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFB69FE2F7A0CFE39" authorityName="Emslie & Czaplewski" authorityYear="1999" box="[1217,1355,441,467]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivia">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFB69FE2F7A0CFE39" box="[1217,1355,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Aquila bivia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
cannot be excluded.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFEFFEEFF6FFD947BE8FD62" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFEFFEEFF6FFD947BE8FD62" blockId="9.[151,1437,225,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFF6FFD947E7CFDF6" bold="true" box="[199,315,514,540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
This large ungual phalanx appears to be attributable either to the Golden Eagle (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFB69FD947A1FFDF1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1217,1368,513,540]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysaetos">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFB69FD947A1FFDF1" box="[1217,1368,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">A. chrysaetos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) or to a larger, early Irvingtonian species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFD93FDB37DC1FDD5" box="[571,646,549,575]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFD93FDB37DC1FDD5" box="[571,646,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Aquila</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
described from
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49DBB593FFFEFFEEFC93FDB37CCBFDD5" box="[827,908,549,575]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49DBB593FFFEFFEEFC17FDB37B5EFDD5" box="[959,1049,549,575]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFEFFEEFB8FFDB37A19FDD5" author="Emslie, S. D. & Czaplewski, N. J." box="[1063,1374,549,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" pagination="185 - 198" refId="ref13072" refString="Emslie, S. D. & Czaplewski, N. J. (1999) Two new fossil eagles from the late Pliocene (late Blancan) of Florida and Arizona and their biogeographic implications. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 89, 185 - 198." type="journal article" year="1999">Emslie & Czaplewski 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The modern distribution of the Golden Eagle in North America is primarily in the west, but the species does have a rarely observed wintering population in the region of Cumberland Bone Cave (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFEFFEEFC6BFDFB7BE5FD62" author="Brodeur, S. & Decarie, R. & Bird, D. M. & Fuller, M." box="[963,1186,621,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" pagination="293 - 299" refId="ref12249" refString="Brodeur, S., Decarie, R., Bird, D. M. & Fuller, M. (1996) Complete migration cycle of Golden Eagles breeding in northern Quebec. The Condor, 98, 293 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1369147" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
|
Brodeur
|
|
<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFB8FFDF87B27FD6D" box="[1063,1120,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1996
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |