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<document id="5FA4E72B0A3723054FA9788FB22B4BA6" ID-DOI="10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2024v45a7" ID-ISSN="1776-0984" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1724833806029" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Liu, Ganies Riza Aristya Silvia Fontana Wai-Lun Pok Orlando Necchi Shao-Lun" docDate="2024" docId="03B487A6FFBF4D0BFC61FC91FAFE4608" docLanguage="en" docName="algologie.2024.45.7.pdf" docOrigin="Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (7)" docSource="https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/algologie2024v45a7.pdf" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C31C23F805CBAD2BB1C6021F66949308.6:CryptogamieAlgologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="C31C23F805CBAD2BB1C6021F66949308" docStyleName="CryptogamieAlgologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Virescentia asiatica Liu, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="FF8DFFDEFFB84D0CFFB6FD47FFB94164" masterDocTitle="Virescentia asiatica sp. nov. (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta), a new freshwater red alga from East Asia" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1724833899122" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="FBE19FDD781104E85580D9B2CFAF44EA">Virescentia asiatica sp. nov. (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta), a new freshwater red alga from East Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E7795D637FD4F9CF6D121ABDE388D307">Liu, Ganies Riza Aristya Silvia Fontana Wai-Lun Pok Orlando Necchi Shao-Lun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5F44E2A6A263F9B67371EEC9C87E205D">Cryptogamie, Algologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A93037C149129194D650FB0D22C58662">2024</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0EA81DCFFBF4D0BFC61FC91FABC4095" box="[983,1285,470,497]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D33FFBF4D0BFC61FC91FB114094" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[983,1192,470,496]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Batrachospermaceae" genus="Virescentia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Batrachospermales" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="asiatica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAA2FFBF4D0BFC61FC91FB114094" bold="true" box="[983,1192,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Virescentia asiatica</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A57D9FFBF4D0BFB06FC90FABC4095" box="[1200,1285,471,497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BA236B0FFBF4D0BFC4DFCB1FB584374" blockId="7.[1019,1249,502,528]" box="[1019,1249,502,528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="D0EA81DCFFBF4D0BFC4DFCB1FB584374" box="[1019,1249,502,528]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" reason="3">
(
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFBB2FCB1FBFA4374" box="[1028,1091,502,528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A-M;
<tableCitation id="C69F030BFFBF4D0BFB33FCB1FB614374" box="[1157,1240,502,528]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="9.[133,143,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. — A list showing the morphological comparison between Virescentia asiatica sp. nov. and other known species of Virescentia (Sirodot) Necchi," pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307653BFFBF4D0BFC9BFF77FBC143D5" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA236B0FFBF4D0BFC9BFF77FBC143D5" blockId="7.[811,1455,559,689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
<materialsCitation id="3B753CEDFFBF4D0BFC9BFF77FB1943F2" collectingDate="2015-03-17" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL" collectorName="Shao-Lun Liu &amp; GenBank" country="Taiwan" county="Longtan District" latitude="24.885412" location="Temple" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="121.23145" municipality="Longping Road" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Taoyuan" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode id="ED0CAE75FFBF4D0BFC9BFF77FCE44321" box="[813,861,560,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">TYPE</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED0CAE75FFBF4D0BFCD4FF72FC794322" box="[866,960,565,582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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. —
<emphasis id="B969EAA2FFBF4D0BFC5EFF76FB88432D" bold="true" box="[1000,1073,561,585]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
<collectingCountry id="F30A7620FFBF4D0BFC5EFF76FB88432D" box="[1000,1073,561,585]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49D9F852FFBF4D0BFBF3FF77FB25432C" box="[1093,1180,560,584]" country="Taiwan" name="Taoyuan" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Taoyuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C34E3CFFBF4D0BFB12FF77FAF14323" box="[1188,1352,559,584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Longtan District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC6ACCAFFBF4D0BFAE6FF68FCD84306" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Longping Road</collectingMunicipality>
, irrigation ditch in front of “HuangNiTangFuDe”
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;
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE295077FFBF4D0BFC54FF23FB344318" box="[994,1165,612,636]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" precision="1" seconds="53.234" value="121.23145">121°1353.234”E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FFA31070FFBF4D0BFB2AFF23FAAB4318" box="[1180,1298,612,636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="2015-03-17">
<collectingDate id="EFE7E998FFBF4D0BFB2AFF23FAAB4318" box="[1180,1298,612,636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="2015-03-17">17.III.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26E85366FFBF4D0BFAA8FF23FA124318" box="[1310,1451,612,636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Shao-Lun Liu</collectorName>
;
<typeStatus id="54A68812FFBF4D0BFC98FF39FC3343F2" box="[814,906,638,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: HAST-146271;
<collectorName id="26E85366FFBF4D0BFB8BFF39FB1943F2" box="[1085,1184,638,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">GenBank</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B753CEDFFBF4D0BFB1AFF39FA9243F2" box="[1196,1323,638,662]" collectionCode="MH" country="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="MH835533" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBBB9ECBFFBF4D0BFB1AFF39FA9F43F2" box="[1196,1318,638,662]" collectionCode="MH" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">MH835533</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B753CEDFFBF4D0BFA82FF39FCD143D5" collectionCode="L" country="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="MH835534" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBBB9ECBFFBF4D0BFA82FF39FA1643F2" box="[1332,1455,638,662]" collectionCode="MH" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">MH835534</specimenCode>
(
<emphasis id="B969EAA2FFBF4D0BFC83FFDEFCEB43D5" box="[821,850,665,689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">rbc</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE75FFBF4D0BFCE4FFDEFCD843D5" box="[850,865,665,689]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
and OR885897 (COI-5
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE75FFBF4D0BFBEBFFDEFBD543D5" box="[1117,1132,665,689]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307653BFFBF4D0BFC9BFF8EFBD2439F" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA236B0FFBF4D0BFC9BFF8EFBD2439F" blockId="7.[811,1455,713,763]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
<smallCapsWord id="8D44A06CFFBF4D0BFC9BFF8EFC1C43BB" baselines="730,731" box="[813,933,713,736]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Etymology" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">ETYMOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
. — The epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D33FFBF4D0BFBF6FF8EFB374385" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[1088,1166,713,737]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Batrachospermaceae" genus="Virescentia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Batrachospermales" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="asiatica">“asiatica</taxonomicName>
” refers to the currently known distribution (
<collectingCountry id="F30A7620FFBF4D0BFC1AFFA4FC5C439F" box="[940,997,739,763]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Japan</collectingCountry>
and Taiwan).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307653BFFBF4D0BFC9BFE71FAFE4608" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236B0FFBF4D0BFC9BFE71FC04422A" blockId="7.[813,957,822,848]" box="[813,957,822,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="D0EA81DCFFBF4D0BFC9BFE71FC04422A" box="[813,957,822,848]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" reason="5">
<smallCapsWord id="8D44A06CFFBF4D0BFC9BFE71FC04422A" baselines="841,841" box="[813,957,822,848]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236B0FFBF4D0BFC9BFE12FAFE4608" blockId="7.[810,1458,853,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
The gametophyte is monoicous. The thallus reaches approximately
<quantity id="4CE59B55FFBF4D0BFC31FE32FC7942EB" box="[903,960,885,911]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
in height, displaying a black or dark brown coloration with a subtle mucilage (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFB29FED2FAB742CB" box="[1183,1294,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). The branches of the thallus are strongly curved, showing an irregular and abundantly curved branching pattern (arrowheads in
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFC99FEB3FC26456B" box="[815,927,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). The terminal and older branches exhibit sparse fascicles, indicative of their deciduous nature during growth (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFC80F973FC1C452A" box="[822,933,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). The well-developed whorls are obconic or pearshaped, measuring between 220 and 1060 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFC80F933FCCF45EA" box="[822,886,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B-D), usually appearing distinct and contiguous or occasionally separated (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFB8FF9D3FBC245CA" box="[1081,1147,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B-D). Primary fascicles are composed of 7-14 cells, straight and display dichotomous branching (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFC1CF993FC46458A" box="[938,1023,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Secondary fascicles consist of 6-8 cells and cover the entire internode (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFBC2F9B4FB7E446A" box="[1140,1223,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). In both primary and secondary fascicles, proximal cells are ellipsoidal or cylindrical, while distal cells are ellipsoidal or obovoidal (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFAA4F874FADD4429" box="[1298,1380,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Spermatangia are 5-8 µm in diameter, are spherical or obovoidal and found terminally or laterally on primary and secondary fascicles (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFC24F8D4FC5D44C9" box="[914,996,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Carpogonial branches are relatively short and straight (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFC73F8F4FBEA44A9" box="[965,1107,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3F, G, I</figureCitation>
), consist of 3-4 disc-shaped or barrel-shaped cells (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFC4CF894FBFE4489" box="[1018,1095,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
), originating from periaxial cells of primary fascicles (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFC56F8B4FB9B4769" box="[992,1058,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig.3J</figureCitation>
) with several short-branched involucral filaments comprising 1-4 cells (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFB34FB55FB604749" box="[1154,1241,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
). The carpogonium is 65-80 µm long (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFC4BFB75FB854729" box="[1021,1084,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
F-J), with trichogynes stalked and varying in shape such as cylindrical, clavate, or ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFC80FB35FCCD47E8" box="[822,884,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
F-J). Carposporophytes are hemispherical and dense, axial, and either lower than or equal to the whorl radius with an average of 1-2 (occasionally up to 4) per whorl (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFA84FBF5FA1A47A8" box="[1330,1443,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3D, K</figureCitation>
), and dimensions ranging from 140 to 800 µm in diameter and 100 to 750 µm in height (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFB8FFBB5FB154668" box="[1081,1196,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3D, K</figureCitation>
). Gonimoblast filaments consist of 3-6 cylindrical cells (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFBCCFA55FB724648" box="[1146,1227,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
). Carposporangia are obovoidal and their dimensions when mature are 34-40 µm in length and 18-20 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="13262A35FFBF4D0BFB74FA16FA834608" box="[1218,1338,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1467,1485]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-212@8.[699,1268,763,1315]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Morphological features of Virescentia asiatica sp.nov.:A, in situ gross morphology with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; B, habit of the thalli with diminutive holdfast (arrow). Arrowheads indicate the curvature of the branch; C, contiguous barrel-shaped whorls formed by primary fascicles at nodes on the branch; D, branch showing whorls with hemispherical carposporophyte (arrow) at nodes and abundant secondary fasci- cles covering the entire internode; E, spherical spermatangia (arrow) at the tips of the fascicle cells; F, young straight carpogonial branch (double arrowhead) with carpogonium and unstalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); G, straight mature carpogonial branch with carpogonium (double arrowhead), cylindrical and stalked (arrowhead) trichogyne (arrow); H, compact and dense involucral branch;I, compact involucral branch with carpogonium and clavate trichogyne (arrow); J, carpogonial branch with trichogyne (arrow) arising from the basal periaxial cells of primary fascicle; K, four hemispherical carposporophyte at nodes; L, obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments; M, close-up view of obovoidal carposporangia (arrows) at the tips of the gonimoblast filaments (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 200 μm; D, K, 300 μm; E, F, M, 40 μm; G-I, 20 μm; J, L, 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Fig. 3L, M</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>