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<mods:title id="4681A76560FB0D35382745450939B680">Range Extensions and Taxonomic Notes on Atlantic Myxasteridae (Velatida; Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6F1B1438BEE8D02D7F3306B9590CDFEA">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F2583DB642B32C49073FE3720041AFD7">Hamel, Jean-Francois</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="80015D14B25BDC7A508D6C01D8330296">Nizinski, Martha</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="AD22AA2DFFA9FFE6FF528401713AE0E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172437" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119556424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6172437" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD22AA2DFFA9FFE6FF528401713AE0E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD22AA2DFFA9FFE6FF528401713AE0E9" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="6D9148B0FFA9FFE6FF5284017638E2F0" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="25341B3BFFA9FFE6FF5284017027E233" blockId="6.[151,566,1098,1124]" box="[151,566,1098,1124]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="7E7CAC57FFA9FFE6FF5284017027E233" bold="true" box="[151,566,1098,1124]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E28B60B8FFA9FFE6FF5284017027E233" ID-CoL="6WPTZ" authority="Sladen, 1889" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,566,1098,1124]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="murrayi">
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FF5284017027E233" bold="true" box="[151,566,1098,1124]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FF5284017380E233" bold="true" box="[151,401,1098,1124]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Pythonaster murrayi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="411A66CAFFA9FFE6FE5D84017027E233" author="Sladen" box="[408,566,1098,1124]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refString="Sladen WP. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25341B3BFFA9FFE6FF5284DA7638E2F0" blockId="6.[151,1065,1169,1191]" box="[151,1065,1169,1191]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<bibRefCitation id="411A66CAFFA9FFE6FF5284DA7309E2F0" author="Sladen" box="[151,280,1169,1191]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refString="Sladen WP. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 532;
<bibRefCitation id="411A66CAFFA9FFE6FE9084DA73DAE2F0" author="Alton" box="[341,459,1169,1191]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refString="Alton, M. S. (1966) A new sea-star from the northeastern Pacific Ocean, Asthenactis fisheri n. sp., with a review of the family Myxasteridae. Deep-Sea Research, 13 (4), 687 - 697." type="journal article" year="1966">Alton 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 689;
<bibRefCitation id="411A66CAFFA9FFE6FDCC84DA7115E2F0" author="Clark" box="[521,772,1169,1191]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London. 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 339;
<bibRefCitation id="411A66CAFFA9FFE6FC8484D971E3E2F0" author="Clark" box="[833,1010,1169,1191]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refString="Clark, A. M. (1996) An index of names of recent Asteroidea- Part 3: Velatida and Spinulosida. Echinoderm Studies, 5, 183 - 250." type="journal article" year="1996">A.M. Clark 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 196.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D9148B0FFA9FFE6FF52849F7387E32A" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="25341B3BFFA9FFE6FF52849F73E2E358" blockId="6.[151,1196,1236,1296]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FF52849F7338E2BB" box="[151,297,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Distribution:</emphasis>
Off east coast of South
<collectingCountry id="5D9C5BABFFA9FFE6FDFB849F70B0E2BB" box="[574,673,1236,1260]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">America</collectingCountry>
, 35˚39S, 50˚47W,
<quantity id="E273B6DEFFA9FFE6FC40849F71CCE2BB" box="[901,989,1236,1260]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4769999999999994" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="3477.0">3477 m</quantity>
. No other records.
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FF0284B373B1E347" box="[199,416,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Material Examined</emphasis>
: None.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25341B3BFFA9FFE6FF5285287387E32A" blockId="6.[151,406,1379,1405]" box="[151,406,1379,1405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FF5285287387E32A" bold="true" box="[151,406,1379,1405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Notes on Occurrence</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="25341B3BFFA9FFE6FF5285E7713AE0E9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1450,1726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="E28B60B8FFA9FFE6FF5285E7733AE394" ID-CoL="45GWZ" box="[151,299,1451,1475]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Myxaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sol">
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FF5285E7733AE394" box="[151,299,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Myxaster sol</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E28B60B8FFA9FFE6FEAD85E07075E394" ID-CoL="4QY5D" box="[360,612,1451,1475]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlantidis">
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FEAD85E07075E394" box="[360,612,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Pythonaster atlantidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur primarily at lower bathyal to abyssal depths (&gt;
<quantity id="E273B6DEFFA9FFE6FB1C85E17725E395" box="[1241,1332,1450,1474]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
) and are comparable in distribution to several other widely distributed, deep-sea asteroids, such as
<taxonomicName id="E28B60B8FFA9FFE6FB5C859B778DE3B1" ID-CoL="7Q6ZF" authority="Mah, 2007" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2007" box="[1177,1436,1486,1511]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FB5C859B7717E3B0" box="[1177,1286,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Zoroaster</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="411A66CAFFA9FFE6FAD285857784E3B1" author="Mah" box="[1303,1429,1486,1510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina; Forcipulatida): Evolutionary Events in Deep-Sea Asteroidea displaying Paleozoic Features. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 177 - 210." type="journal article" year="2007">Mah, 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and multiple members of the
<taxonomicName id="E28B60B8FFA9FFE6FE2D85B97165E05D" ID-CoL="7NKLW" authority="Madsen, 1961" authorityName="Madsen" authorityYear="1961" box="[488,884,1522,1546]" class="Asteroidea" family="Porcellanasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
Porcellanasteridae (
<bibRefCitation id="411A66CAFFA9FFE6FD0085B9717AE05D" author="Madsen" box="[709,875,1522,1546]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" refString="Madsen J. (1961) The Porcellanasteridae, a monographic revision of an abyssal group of sea-stars. Galathea Report, 4, 33 - 174." type="journal article" year="1961">Madsen, 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Individuals of the same species are often found widely distributed across a single ocean basin demonstrating relatively little variation. For example,
<taxonomicName id="E28B60B8FFA9FFE6FACD8653775EE079" ID-CoL="45GWZ" box="[1288,1359,1558,1583]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Myxaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sol">
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FACD8653775EE079" box="[1288,1359,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">M. sol</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E28B60B8FFA9FFE6FA4286537310E004" ID-CoL="4QY5D" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Pythonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlantidis">
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FA4286537310E004" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">P. atlantidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur widely across the Atlantic and yet, show few if any, intra-specific character differences. Even species in different ocean basins (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="E28B60B8FFA9FFE6FD97862B70DEE021" ID-CoL="45GWX" box="[594,719,1630,1655]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Myxaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="medusa">
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FD97862B70DEE021" box="[594,719,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">M. medusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the central Pacific Versus.
<taxonomicName id="E28B60B8FFA9FFE6FBE2862B767EE021" ID-CoL="45GWZ" box="[1063,1135,1630,1655]" class="Asteroidea" family="Myxasteridae" genus="Myxaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sol">
<emphasis id="17FFC729FFA9FFE6FBE2862B767EE021" box="[1063,1135,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">M. sol</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Atlantic) show few inter-specific character differences, suggesting either conservative morphology, character convergence and/or the potential for cryptic species or widespread larval transport.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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