348 lines
42 KiB
XML
348 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="71C88D2BC2C1377858BD37BA3EDCBF67">A review of the damselfly genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 (Insecta: Odonata Zygoptera: Synlestidae) using integrative taxonomic methods</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D3DAAA7A18E226EECCE24CDC0FF46DF">Yu, Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5DE07C631D6154F6FDE8651DA2A3195F">Xue, Junli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="479431916B7CC1F54E60DA505B8DD836">Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0696 - 2596</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6EE2FE8BFD80F85A" ID-CoL="737PL" authority="Needham, 1930" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,578,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
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<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EE2FE8BFD80F85A" bold="true" box="[151,578,294,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
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<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EE2FE8BFEB8F85B" bold="true" box="[151,378,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Megalestes micans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6FF7FE8AFD80F85A" author="Needham, J. G." box="[386,578,294,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="227 - 231" refId="ref14437" refString="Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Peiping: The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 227 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1930">Needham, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF8CFFBD6EE2FEE6FD86F87C" blockId="17.[151,580,294,358]" box="[151,580,330,358]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13462A50FF8CFFBD6EEAFEE6FF2EF87F" box="[159,236,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,195,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-34@14.[151,1436,181,1396]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caudal appendages of males (dorsal view). a) australis; b) irma, paratype; c) distans, from Yaan, Sichuan; d) distans from Dashahe, Guizhou; e) heros; f) omeiensis, paratype; g) kurahashii; h) major; i) haui; j) “palaceus”; k) micans, bd: basal disk; l) “chengi”; m) riccii; n) “maai”; o) “tuska,” from Damingshan, Guangxi; p) “tuska,” from Jinxiu, Guangxi. (Scale bar = 0.5 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407489/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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k–l; 4k–l; 5i, m, w–x, ab; 6i–j)
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6EE2FE22FDABF8BD" ID-CoL="737PL" authority="Needham, 1930: 230 - 231" authorityName="Needham" authorityPageNumber="230 - 231" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,617,399,423]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
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<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EE2FE22FE9BF8BD" box="[151,345,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Megalestes micans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6F15FE22FDABF8BD" author="Needham, J. G." box="[352,617,399,423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="227 - 231" refId="ref14437" refString="Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Peiping: The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 227 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1930">Needham, 1930: 230–231</bibRefCitation>
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[Sichuan];
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF8CFFBD6C95FE22FC7CF8BD" author="Asahina, S." box="[736,958,399,423]" page="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6C95FE22FC7CF8BD" author="Asahina, S." box="[736,958,399,423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref13502" refString="Asahina, S. (1985 b) Contributions to the taxonomic knowledge of the Megalestes species of continental South Asia (Odonata, Synlestidae). Cho-Cho, 8 (10), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1985">Asahina 1985b: 8–10</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF8CFFBD6DBFFE22FBBAF8BD" author="Karube, H." box="[970,1144,399,423]" page="73" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" year="2014">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6DBFFE22FBBAF8BD" author="Karube, H." box="[970,1144,399,423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref14198" refString="Karube, H. (2014) Vietnamese Odonata collected in 1992 - 2003 surveys. IV. Synlestidae. Tombo, 56, 73 - 76." type="journal article" year="2014">Karube 2014: 73</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 1 [Sapa,
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<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6B7FFE3DFA9DF8BD" box="[1290,1375,399,423]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Lao Cai</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF8CFFBD6B1FFE22FF3AF8DF" name="Vietnam" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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];
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF8CFFBD6F7CFE03FE26F8DC" author="Phan, Q. T. & To, V. Q." box="[265,484,430,454]" page="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" year="2018">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6F7CFE03FE26F8DC" author="Phan, Q. T. & To, V. Q." box="[265,484,430,454]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref14558" refString="Phan, Q. T. & To, V. Q. (2018) The genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 in Vietnam, with first description of female of Megalestes australis Karube, 2014 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Synlestidae). Journal of the International Dragonfly Fund, 111, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2018">Phan & To 2018: 1–6</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs. 1–3, 10–11, 19–21 [Hoang Lien National Park,
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<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6A71FE03FB9AF8DC" box="[1028,1112,430,454]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Lao Cai</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF8CFFBD6A17FE03FB7CF8DC" box="[1122,1214,430,454]" name="Vietnam" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF8CFFBD6EE2FE61FF31FB19" blockId="17.[151,1437,399,638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF8CFFBD6EE2FE61FDDCF8FE" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[151,542,460,485]" page="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" year="1947">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6EE2FE61FDDCF8FE" ID-CoL="6R7PN" authority="Chao, 1947: 15 - 25" authorityName=", Chao" authorityPageNumber="15 - 25" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,542,460,485]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chengi">
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<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EE2FE61FE96F8FE" box="[151,340,460,484]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Megalestes chengi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6F2FFE61FDDCF8FE" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[346,542,460,485]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref13540" refString="Chao, H. - F. (1947) On the systematic position, nymphal charaters and new species of the genera Megalestes and Sinolestes (Odonata). Biological Bulletin, Fukien Christian University, 6, 15 - 25." type="journal article" year="1947">Chao, 1947: 15–25</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10–11, 14, 16–17, 21;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF8CFFBD6DD3FE61FBBCF8FF" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[934,1150,460,485]" page="190" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6DD3FE61FBBCF8FF" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[934,1150,460,485]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="187 - 196" refId="ref13620" refString="Chao, H. - F. (1965) A study of the Chinese dragonflies of the genus Megalestes Selys, with description of a new species (Odonata: Synlestidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2, 187 - 196." type="journal article" year="1965">Chao 1965: 190–191</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF8CFFBD6AF2FE61FAA1F8FF" author="Asahina, S." box="[1159,1379,460,485]" page="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6AF2FE61FAA1F8FF" author="Asahina, S." box="[1159,1379,460,485]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref13502" refString="Asahina, S. (1985 b) Contributions to the taxonomic knowledge of the Megalestes species of continental South Asia (Odonata, Synlestidae). Cho-Cho, 8 (10), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1985">Asahina 1985b: 9–12</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6B18FE61FF31FB19" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF8CFFBD6EE2FDA7FD93FB5B" blockId="17.[151,1437,399,638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF8CFFBD6EE2FDA7FD91FB38" author="Wilson, K. D. P." box="[151,595,522,546]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/07171771FFCCFF8BCF571A88FDA61472" page="427" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" year="2004">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6EE2FDA7FD91FB38" ID-CoL="72VPN" authority="Wilson, 2004: 424 - 427" authorityName="Wilson" authorityPageNumber="424 - 427" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,595,522,546]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discus">
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<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EE2FDA7FE90FB38" box="[151,338,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Megalestes discus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6F29FDA7FD91FB38" author="Wilson, K. D. P." box="[348,595,522,546]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="423 - 432" refId="ref15220" refString="Wilson, K. D. P. (2004) New Odonata from South China. Odonatologica, 33, 423 - 432." type="journal article" year="2004">Wilson, 2004: 424–427</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs. 4–8, [Mangshan,
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<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6D38FDA7FC51FB3B" box="[845,915,522,545]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Hunan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF8CFFBD6DD4FDA7FC21FB38" box="[929,995,522,546]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">China</collectingCountry>
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];
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF8CFFBD6D83FDA7FAEEFB38" author="Wilson, K. D. P. & Xu, Z. F." box="[1014,1324,522,546]" page="102" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6D83FDA7FAEEFB38" author="Wilson, K. D. P. & Xu, Z. F." box="[1014,1324,522,546]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="87 - 128" refId="ref15285" refString="Wilson, K. D. P. & Xu, Z. F. (2007) Odonata of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau, South China, part 1: Zygoptera. International Journal of Odonatology, 10, 87 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13887890.2007.9748292" type="journal article" year="2007">Wilson & Xu 2007: 102–103</bibRefCitation>
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, “Nanling,
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<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6EB2FD85FE80FB5A" box="[199,322,552,576]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
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,” key to species.
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<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6F85FD85FD93FB5B" bold="true" box="[496,593,552,577]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF8CFFBD6EE2FDEAFB15FB45" blockId="17.[151,1437,399,638]" box="[151,1239,583,607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
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|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF8CFFBD6EE2FDEAFDB1FB45" author="Lahiri, A. R." box="[151,627,583,607]" page="56" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" year="1987">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6EE2FDEAFDB1FB45" ID-CoL="72VPK" authority="Lahiri, 1987: 54 - 56" authorityName="Lahiri" authorityPageNumber="54 - 56" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,627,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raychoudhurii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EE2FDEAFE62FB45" box="[151,416,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Megalestes raychoudhurii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6FD2FDEAFDB1FB45" author="Lahiri, A. R." box="[423,627,583,607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="1 - 402" refId="ref14317" refString="Lahiri, A. R. (1987) Studies on the odonate fauna of Meghalaya. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 1 - 402." type="book chapter" year="1987">Lahiri, 1987: 54–56</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 131–132, 298–299, 519 [
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6DD8FDEAFBE1FB45" box="[941,1059,583,607]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF8CFFBD6A58FDEAFBA5FB45" box="[1069,1127,583,607]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
].
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6A03FDEAFB15FB45" bold="true" box="[1142,1239,583,607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF8CFFBD6EE2FDCBFBE2FB64" blockId="17.[151,1437,399,638]" box="[151,1056,614,638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6D11FBFF8CFFBD6EE2FDCBFBE2FB64" box="[151,1056,614,638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6EE2FDCBFEFDFB67" ID-CoL="72VPM" box="[151,319,614,638]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EE2FDCBFEFDFB67" box="[151,319,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Megalestes irma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[nec.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6F0BFDCBFDC3FB64" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[382,513,614,638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="31 - 33" refId="ref13947" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1926) Two new species of dragonflies from the Darjeeling District. The Journal of the Darjeeling Natural History Society, 1926, 31 - 33." type="journal article" year="1926">Fraser, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADC10C4FF8CFFBD6C64FDCBFC9BFB64" author="Gyeltshen, T. & Kalkman, V. J. & Orr, A. G." box="[529,857,614,638]" page="588" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6C64FDCBFC9BFB64" author="Gyeltshen, T. & Kalkman, V. J. & Orr, A. G." box="[529,857,614,638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="588 - 594" refId="ref13981" refString="Gyeltshen, T., Kalkman, V. J. & Orr, A. G. (2017) Honouring His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Bhutan: Megalestes gyalsey (Odonata: Synlestidae). Zootaxa, 4244 (4), 588 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4244.4.9" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Gyeltshen
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6C0BFDCAFD70FB64" box="[638,690,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017: 588–594
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4e–f [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF8CFFBD6DB0FDCBFBD4FB64" box="[965,1046,614,638]" name="Bhutan" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF8CFFBD6EE2FD01FC15FA4D" blockId="17.[151,1437,684,1539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
This is the most widespread species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6C35FD01FD7CFBDC" ID-CoL="5MR3" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1862" box="[576,702,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6C35FD01FD7CFBDC" box="[576,702,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Megalestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occurring throughout South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF8CFFBD6A74FD01FB86FBDC" box="[1025,1092,684,710]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6A24FD01FB5FFBDC" box="[1105,1181,684,710]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6AD3FD01FAEEFBDC" box="[1190,1324,684,710]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6B40FD01FA5AFBDC" box="[1333,1432,684,710]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6EE2FD7DFF38FBF0" box="[151,250,720,746]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6F72FD7CFE91FBF1" box="[263,339,721,747]" country="China" name="Henan" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Henan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6F15FD7CFE6FFBF1" box="[352,429,721,747]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Hunan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6FCEFD7DFDCDFBF0" box="[443,527,720,746]" country="China" name="Jiangxi" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Jiangxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6C6EFD7DFDBAFBF0" box="[539,632,720,746]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6CF1FD7CFD1FFBF1" box="[644,733,721,747]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6D6EFD7DFC43FBF1" box="[795,897,720,747]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
|
||
) extending to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF8CFFBD6A53FD7DFB4AFBF0" box="[1062,1160,720,746]" name="Vietnam" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF8CFFBD6AE1FD7DFB2AFBF0" box="[1172,1256,720,746]" name="Bhutan" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF8CFFBD6B53FD7DFAA1FBF0" box="[1318,1379,720,746]" name="India" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is also the only species distributed on both sides of the Himalayas. The diagnostic character for this mid-sized species is the base of the basal tooth on the paraproct bulged, covered in dense setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF8CFFBD6A45FCB5FBB1FA29" box="[1072,1139,792,819]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1319,1343]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,187,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[163,1423,181,1295]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Line drawing of male paraprocts (lateral view). a) australis; b) distans; c) gyalsey; d) kurahashii; e) major; f) haui; g) heros; h) omeiensis; i) micans; j) micans; k) riccii; l) irma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407497/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
i-j). This species is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6F72FC90FEA5FA4C" ID-CoL="737PK" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1935" box="[263,359,829,854]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riccii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6F72FC90FEA5FA4C" box="[263,359,829,854]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. riccii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this was confirmed by molecular analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF8CFFBD6DF0FC91FC0BFA4D" box="[901,969,828,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1978,2002]" captionTargetBox="[213,1367,496,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-214@20.[211,1375,489,1954]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic reconstruction from ITS data modified based on BI and ML trees, with both posterior probabilities (right) and bootstrap values (left) shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407499/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C367655EFF8CFFBD6EB2FCCCFB72FF19" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF8CFFBD6EB2FCCCFED1FDA5" blockId="17.[151,1437,684,1539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
In the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6FC4FCCCFD79FA60" authority=", Chao (1947)" authorityName=", Chao" authorityYear="1947" box="[433,699,864,891]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chengi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6FC4FCCCFDE3FA60" box="[433,545,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. chengi</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6C5AFCCDFD79FA60" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[559,699,864,890]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref13540" refString="Chao, H. - F. (1947) On the systematic position, nymphal charaters and new species of the genera Megalestes and Sinolestes (Odonata). Biological Bulletin, Fukien Christian University, 6, 15 - 25." type="journal article" year="1947">Chao (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only compared his material with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6A41FCCCFB54FA60" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[1076,1174,864,890]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6A41FCCCFB54FA60" box="[1076,1174,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. heros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a totally different species. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6F6FFC29FE6AFA85" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[282,424,900,927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="187 - 196" refId="ref13620" refString="Chao, H. - F. (1965) A study of the Chinese dragonflies of the genus Megalestes Selys, with description of a new species (Odonata: Synlestidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2, 187 - 196." type="journal article" year="1965">Chao (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6D48FC28FC6DFA84" authorityName=", Chao" authorityYear="1947" box="[829,943,900,926]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chengi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6D48FC28FC6DFA84" box="[829,943,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. chengi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6D93FC28FB99FA84" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[998,1115,901,926]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6D93FC28FB99FA84" box="[998,1115,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. micans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included the middle portion of the middle lobe of the pronotum green, not yellow (feature 2), and the base of the basal tooth of the paraproct slightly, but not greatly, bulged (feature 15). However, all these characters occur in intraspecies variation (Discussion section). Although both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6FAFFC5DFDA4FD11" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[474,614,1008,1035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="187 - 196" refId="ref13620" refString="Chao, H. - F. (1965) A study of the Chinese dragonflies of the genus Megalestes Selys, with description of a new species (Odonata: Synlestidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 2, 187 - 196." type="journal article" year="1965">Chao (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6CEFFC5DFC97FD11" author="Asahina, S." box="[666,853,1008,1035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref13502" refString="Asahina, S. (1985 b) Contributions to the taxonomic knowledge of the Megalestes species of continental South Asia (Odonata, Synlestidae). Cho-Cho, 8 (10), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1985">Asahina (1985b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have emphasized that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6A27FC5CFB00FD10" authorityName=", Chao" authorityYear="1947" box="[1106,1218,1008,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chengi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6A27FC5CFB00FD10" box="[1106,1218,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. chengi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6EE2FBB8FEC9FD34" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,267,1045,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EE2FBB8FEC9FD34" box="[151,267,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. micans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neither author confirmed that they are really the same species. We examined eight of the type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6EC3FB94FEE5FD48" authorityName=", Chao" authorityYear="1947" box="[182,295,1080,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chengi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EC3FB94FEE5FD48" box="[182,295,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. chengi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6CAE10FF8CFFBD6FCAFB95FE3FFD48" box="[447,509,1080,1106]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/043p-ts4f" name="Institut Zoologii Akademii Nauk Ukraini - Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">IZAS</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6CAE10FF8CFFBD6C41FB95FDB0FD48" box="[564,626,1080,1106]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3v6b-6ji1" name="Institute of Entomology" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">IEAS</collectionCode>
|
||
including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C68877FF8CFFBD6D60FB95FCB5FD48" box="[789,887,1080,1106]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and found no evident morphological differences with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6EA6FBF0FE88FD6C" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[211,330,1117,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EA6FBF0FE88FD6C" box="[211,330,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. micans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The molecular analyses also suggested that these two are the same species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF8CFFBD6ABDFBF1FACDFD6D" box="[1224,1295,1116,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1978,2002]" captionTargetBox="[213,1367,496,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-214@20.[211,1375,489,1954]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic reconstruction from ITS data modified based on BI and ML trees, with both posterior probabilities (right) and bootstrap values (left) shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407499/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, based on both morphological and molecular evidence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13462A50FF8CFFBD6D72FB2DFC8EFD80" box="[775,844,1152,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1535]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Molecular and morphology-based species delimitation of Megalestes. M: morphological character method; lg: genital ligula; app: caudal appendages, including cerci and paraprocts; GD: genetic distance; TC: traditional classification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4407501/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), we confirm that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6A54FB2CFB50FD80" authorityName=", Chao" authorityYear="1947" box="[1057,1170,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chengi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6A54FB2CFB50FD80" box="[1057,1170,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. chengi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6EE2FB08FECEFDA4" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,268,1189,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EE2FB08FECEFDA4" box="[151,268,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. micans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236D5FF8CFFBD6EB2FB65FB72FF19" blockId="17.[151,1437,684,1539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">
|
||
As we have previously discussed, diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6D16FB64FC0DFDF8" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2004" box="[867,975,1224,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6D16FB64FC0DFDF8" box="[867,975,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. discus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot separate it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6A90FB64FA99FDF8" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[1253,1371,1225,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6A90FB64FA99FDF8" box="[1253,1371,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. micans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B24FF8CFFBD6B1FFB65FE94FC1C" author="Wilson, K. D. P. & Xu, Z. F." pageId="17" pageNumber="262" pagination="87 - 128" refId="ref15285" refString="Wilson, K. D. P. & Xu, Z. F. (2007) Odonata of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau, South China, part 1: Zygoptera. International Journal of Odonatology, 10, 87 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13887890.2007.9748292" type="journal article" year="2007">Wilson & Xu (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6C79FB40FDB5FC1C" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2004" box="[524,631,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6C79FB40FDB5FC1C" box="[524,631,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. discus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have “inferior appendages without a basal pair of stout spines or robust teeth,” which is incorrect, and “occipital margin with/without transverse yellow spot” (feature 1) supports our opinion that this character is not stable. We examined the diagnostic character photos of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C68877FF8CFFBD6A09FA98FB1EFC55" box="[1148,1244,1333,1359]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6B71FA99FA88FC54" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2004" box="[1284,1354,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6B71FA99FA88FC54" box="[1284,1354,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">discus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C859B30FF8CFFBD6B28FA99FA4AFC55" box="[1373,1416,1332,1359]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
#, Mangshan (near Babaoshan), Shikengkong, S
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9F837FF8CFFBD6CD7FAF4FD2DFC69" box="[674,751,1369,1395]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">Hunan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A7645FF8CFFBD6C8EFAF5FC83FC68" box="[763,833,1368,1394]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC31015FF8CFFBD6D38FAF5FC16FC68" box="[845,980,1368,1394]" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" value="2000-06-26">26-VI-2000</date>
|
||
, K.D.P. Wilson leg.), which were kindly sent by K. D. P. Wilson, and found that all the characters are consistent with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6D80FAD0FBABFC8C" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[1013,1129,1405,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6D80FAD0FBABFC8C" box="[1013,1129,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. micans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No further information on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6EE2FA0CFE9FFCA0" authorityName="Lahiri" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,349,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raychoudhurii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6EE2FA0CFE9FFCA0" box="[151,349,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. raychoudhurii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been published after its original description. According to the features of caudal appendages and genital ligula in the original description and figures, there is no difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6A0BFA68FA87FCC4" authorityName="Lahiri" authorityYear="1987" box="[1150,1349,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raychoudhurii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6A0BFA68FA87FCC4" box="[1150,1349,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. raychoudhurii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6B0BFA68FF24FF18" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6B0BFA68FF24FF18" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. micans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We believe that both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6F94FA45FDE5FF18" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2004" box="[481,551,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6F94FA45FDE5FF18" box="[481,551,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">discus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6C2BFA44FCE1FF18" authorityName="Lahiri" authorityYear="1987" box="[606,803,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raychoudhurii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6C2BFA44FCE1FF18" box="[606,803,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. raychoudhurii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D56FF8CFFBD6A41FA44FB6AFF18" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[1076,1192,1513,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Synlestidae" genus="Megalestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="17" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAC7FF8CFFBD6A41FA44FB6AFF18" box="[1076,1192,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="262">M. micans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |