328 lines
38 KiB
XML
328 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DED514105533F538D9FC20FD37D83B64">Šandalja I (Croatia) And</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C704324190ED14E3B692DD0707AD0CAF">Wagner, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="128DA85F02B945F6BD40CB03164E41E1">Jiangzuo, Qigao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="944353913CBA1E13F0B808AAB4805CBA">Lenardić, Jadranka Mauch</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39466D723A1833A122A10BBD51FCB062">Liu, Jinyi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B183E4063D0BA40869B74712F215C9D1">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="15EA551FB28F37DA90EF449A3A93F862">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DD2892AB79E4E2F4ACE5C0AA3D64B12C">2017-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5936E30CA03A5BE2996240C85B331167">73</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7F24DC070F195299C35B18C1B070842A">3 - 4</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A56E7AB13341A334160750D140358E6F">http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2017-0028</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03D487B2646FFFA108F9FB3AFDFBFEEB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D487B2646FFFA108F9FB3AFDFBFEEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487B2646FFFA108F9FB3AFDFBFEEB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="538" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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<subSubSection id="C367652F646FFFA308F9FB3AFA92FAD9" box="[953,1371,1258,1282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA308F9FB3AFA92FAD9" blockId="4.[953,1371,1258,1282]" box="[953,1371,1258,1282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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<heading id="D08A81C8646FFFA308F9FB3AFA92FAD9" box="[953,1371,1258,1282]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA308F9FB3AFA92FAD9" authority="VON REICHENAU, 1904" authorityName="VON REICHENAU" authorityYear="1904" box="[953,1371,1258,1282]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
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<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308F9FB3AFBA3FAD9" bold="true" box="[953,1130,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">Ursus deningeri</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30F31FB20FA92FAD9" bold="true" box="[1137,1371,1259,1282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">VON REICHENAU, 1904</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C367652F646FFFA10F59FADBFDFBFEEB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA30F59FADBFB32FAF9" blockId="4.[1049,1275,1291,1314]" box="[1049,1275,1291,1314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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<figureCitation id="13462A21646FFFA30F59FADBFB79FAF9" box="[1049,1200,1291,1314]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="2.[845,922,1960,1982]" captionTargetBox="[845,1480,1275,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-793@2.[844,1480,1275,1927]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Dental material of ursids from the locality Šandalja I (Croatia) in occlusal view. U. t. mediterraneus – a: m2 dex. (specimen A), b: m2 dex., c: m3 dex. (both specimen B), d: distal fragment of m1 dex. (specimen C); U. deningeri – e: mesial fragment of m2 dex. (specimen G), f: p4 sin. (specimen H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385939/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">Text-figs 1e, f</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13462A21646FFFA30FFBFADBFB1FFAF9" box="[1211,1238,1291,1314]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="5.[822,903,603,625]" captionTargetBox="[822,1457,151,568]" captionTargetId="figure-600@5.[822,1457,151,569]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Text-fig. 6. m2 of U. deningeri from Šandalja I (a: specimen G; 1– occlusal, 2 – lingual view) compared with Late Biharian U. deningeri from C 718 cave (b: NM-R 9740, c: NM-Ra 129; both occlusal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; a reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385947/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">6a</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13462A21646FFFA30FA2FADBFB32FAF9" box="[1250,1275,1291,1314]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="5.[824,905,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[824,1459,1301,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-654@5.[824,1459,1301,1867]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Text-fig. 7. p4 of U. deningeri from Šandalja I compared with other bear species. a: Šandalja I (specimen H; 1 – occlusal, 2 – lingual view), b: U. etruscus, Casa Frata (private collection), c: U. etruscus, Olivola (IGF 4605), d: U. deningeri, C 718 cave (NM-Rv 20003), e: U. t. mediterraneus, Azykh cave (ZIN 32549) (all in occlussal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; d reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385953/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">7a</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA3080BFA9BFC32FA59" blockId="4.[843,1482,1354,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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1975
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA308D6FA9BFB17FABB" authority="REICHENAU" authorityName="VON REICHENAU" authorityYear="1904" box="[918,1246,1354,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
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<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308D6FA9BFC1FFAB9" box="[918,982,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">Ursus</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30F40FA9AFBAFFAB9" box="[1024,1126,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">deningeri</emphasis>
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REICHENAU
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</taxonomicName>
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; Malez, pp. 186, 188, 189, 198.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA3080BFA5BFAD3FA79" blockId="4.[843,1482,1354,1892]" box="[843,1306,1419,1443]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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1996
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA308D6FA5BFBACFA78" authorityName="VON REICHENAU" authorityYear="1904" box="[918,1125,1419,1443]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
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<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308D6FA5BFC1FFA79" box="[918,982,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">Ursus</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308BFFA5BFBACFA78" box="[1023,1125,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">deningeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
; Bosinski, p. 55.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA3080BFA7BFA4EFA39" blockId="4.[843,1482,1354,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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2000
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA308D6FA7BFC1FFA19" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[918,982,1451,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308D6FA7BFC1FFA19" box="[918,982,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">Ursus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[of similar stage of evolution as bears from Vallonnet and Pirro]; Spassov, p. 108. (partim)
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA3080BFA3BFA4EF9F8" blockId="4.[843,1482,1354,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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||
2002
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA308D6FA3CFC1FF9D8" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[918,982,1516,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308D6FA3CFC1FF9D8" box="[918,982,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">Ursus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[of similar stage of evolution as bears from Vallonnet and Pirro]; Spassov, p. 234. (partim)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA3080BF9FCFA4EF9B8" blockId="4.[843,1482,1354,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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||
2003
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA308D6F9FCFC1FF998" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[918,982,1580,1603]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308D6F9FCFC1FF998" box="[918,982,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">Ursus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[of similar stage of evolution as bears from Vallonnet and Pirro]; Spassov, p. 214. (partim)
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA3080BF9BCFA9AF958" blockId="4.[843,1482,1354,1892]" box="[843,1363,1644,1667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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||
2011
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA308D6F9BCFC37F958" box="[918,1022,1644,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308D6F9BCFC1FF958" box="[918,982,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">Ursus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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; Kahlke et al., p. 1376. (partim)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA3080BF95CFA90F978" blockId="4.[843,1482,1354,1892]" box="[843,1369,1675,1699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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||
2012
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA308D6F95CFBF6F978" authorityName="VON REICHENAU" authorityYear="1904" box="[918,1087,1675,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
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||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308D6F95CFC78F978" box="[918,945,1676,1699]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">U.</emphasis>
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||
cf.
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||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30899F95BFBF6F978" box="[985,1087,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">deningeri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; Wagner et al., pp. 50, 51.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA3080BF97CFA03F938" blockId="4.[843,1482,1354,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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||
2015 transitional stage in
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||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30FCBF97CFA00F918" box="[1163,1481,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA30FCBF97CFB03F918" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[1163,1226,1708,1731]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ursus</taxonomicName>
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||
etruscus-U.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA30E25F97BFA00F918" authorityName="VON REICHENAU" authorityYear="1904" box="[1381,1481,1707,1731]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">deningeri</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
lineage; Vislobokova and Agadjanian, p. 655. (partim)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA3080BF93CFBB0F8F8" blockId="4.[843,1482,1354,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
|
||
2016a
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308D6F93CFB6CF8DF" box="[918,1189,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
|
||
U. etruscus-U.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA30F7FF93CFB6CF8DF" authorityName="VON REICHENAU" authorityYear="1904" box="[1087,1189,1772,1796]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">deningeri</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
; Vislobokova and Agadjanian, p. 195. (partim)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA3080BF8FCFC0FF8BF" blockId="4.[843,1482,1354,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
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||
2016b
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA308D6F8FDFB85F89F" authorityName="VON REICHENAU" authorityYear="1904" box="[918,1100,1836,1860]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308D6F8FDFC78F89F" box="[918,945,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">U.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA308A6F8FCFB85F89F" box="[998,1100,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">deningeri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; Vislobokova and Agadjanian, p. 196.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF02662C646FFFA30BC1F8BDFDD3F7E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5385945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385945/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" startId="4.[129,210,1901,1923]" targetBox="[129,763,1074,1867]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA30BC1F8BDFDD3F7E8" blockId="4.[128,764,1901,2099]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
|
||
Text-fig. 4. m1 of
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30A6FF8BEFE25F858" bold="true" box="[303,492,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
|
||
U. t.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA30A1DF8BEFE25F858" box="[349,492,1902,1923]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">mediterraneus</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Šandalja I compared with other bear species. All teeth in occlusal view. a: Šandalja I (specimen C), b:
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30A6FF879FE93F865" bold="true" box="[303,346,1961,1982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">U. t.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA30A21F879FD88F865" authority=", Mauer" authorityName="Mauer" box="[353,577,1960,1982]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30A21F879FE39F865" bold="true" box="[353,496,1961,1982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">mediterraneus</emphasis>
|
||
, Mauer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SMNS 10166), c:
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30BC0F816FF63F800" bold="true" box="[128,170,1990,2011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">U. t.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA30BF0F816FE44F800" authority=", Azykh" authorityName="Azykh" box="[176,397,1989,2011]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30BF0F816FEF6F800" bold="true" box="[176,319,1990,2011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">mediterraneus</emphasis>
|
||
, Azykh
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZIN 32549), d:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA30976F816FD35F800" authority=", Olivola" authorityName="Olivola" box="[566,764,1989,2011]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etruscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30976F816FD6FF800" bold="true" box="[566,678,1990,2011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">U. etruscus</emphasis>
|
||
, Olivola
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(IGF 4605), e:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA30A5FF833FE5AF823" box="[287,403,2019,2040]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etruscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30A5FF833FE5AF823" bold="true" box="[287,403,2019,2040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">U. etruscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Upper Valdarno (IGF 913), f:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA309A4F833FE95F7CD" authority=", Koneprusy" authorityName="Koneprusy" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA309A4F833FF16F7CD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">U. deningeri</emphasis>
|
||
, Koněprusy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
caves (NM-Rv 20008). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; a, d, f reversed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646FFFA30831F8ACFBA0F7E8" blockId="4.[843,1482,1915,2100]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
|
||
N o t e. As p4 sin. assigned here to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA30E44F8ACFA46F848" box="[1284,1423,1915,1939]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30E44F8ACFA46F848" box="[1284,1423,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">U. deningeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was originally determined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B55646FFFA30F33F84CFAC5F868" author="Malez, M." box="[1139,1292,1948,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" pagination="181 - 201" refId="ref11514" refString="Malez, M. (1975): O znacenju otkrica ostataka roda Homo u naslagama vilafranka Sandalje I kod Pule [On the signifi- cance of the genus Homo discovery in the Villafranchian sediments of Sandalja I near Pula]. - Rad Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, 371: 181 - 201. (in Croatian with English summary)" type="journal article" year="1975">Malez (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA30E01F84CFA0AF868" box="[1345,1475,1948,1971]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etruscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30E01F84CFA0AF868" box="[1345,1475,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">U. etruscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all the references of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA30F78F86CFB7FF808" box="[1080,1206,1980,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etruscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30F78F86CFB7FF808" box="[1080,1206,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">U. etruscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be repeated also in synonymy of this species; but we see it as somewhat redundant and we refer here to the synonymy of
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646FFFA30ED4F82CFC2CF7EF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="537">
|
||
U. t.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646FFFA3080BF7CCFC2CF7EF" box="[843,997,2076,2100]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">mediterraneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in this case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF02662C646EFFA20876FD8BFC6CFD3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5385947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385947/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" startId="5.[822,903,603,625]" targetBox="[822,1457,151,568]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646EFFA20876FD8BFC6CFD3D" blockId="5.[822,1457,603,742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Text-fig. 6. m2 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA208B5FD8BFBBDFDAB" box="[1013,1140,603,624]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA208B5FD8BFBBDFDAB" bold="true" box="[1013,1140,603,624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">U. deningeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Šandalja I (a: specimen G; 1– occlusal, 2 – lingual view) compared with Late Biharian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA20876FD46FC7DFD70" box="[822,948,662,683]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20876FD46FC7DFD70" bold="true" box="[822,948,662,683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">U. deningeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from C 718 cave (b: NM-R 9740, c: NM-Ra 129; both occlusal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; a reversed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF02662C646EFFA20B2AFCC4FE3FFC59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5385951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385951/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" startId="5.[106,187,788,810]" targetBox="[106,741,151,754]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646EFFA20B2AFCC4FE3FFC59" blockId="5.[106,741,788,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Text-fig. 5. Mesial parts of mandibles of
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA2095FFCC5FD2CFCF1" bold="true" box="[543,741,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
U. t.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA20916FCC5FD2CFCF1" box="[598,741,789,810]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">mediterraneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Mauer (a: SMNS 10166) and Šandalja I (b: specimen F, c: specimen D) showing the arrangement of anterior premolars (p1 – p3). All specimens in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646EFFA20BD0FC19FD20FC3B" blockId="5.[106,745,969,1025]" box="[144,745,969,992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">M a t e r i a l. Mesial fragment of m2 dex. (specimen G;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646EFFA20B2AFC3AFD42FBDA" blockId="5.[106,745,969,1025]" box="[106,651,1002,1025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13462A21646EFFA20B2AFC3AFF2AFBDA" box="[106,227,1002,1025]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="2.[845,922,1960,1982]" captionTargetBox="[845,1480,1275,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-793@2.[844,1480,1275,1927]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Dental material of ursids from the locality Šandalja I (Croatia) in occlusal view. U. t. mediterraneus – a: m2 dex. (specimen A), b: m2 dex., c: m3 dex. (both specimen B), d: distal fragment of m1 dex. (specimen C); U. deningeri – e: mesial fragment of m2 dex. (specimen G), f: p4 sin. (specimen H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385939/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Text-fig. 1e</figureCitation>
|
||
) and p4 sin. (specimen H;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13462A21646EFFA20944FC3AFDB7FBDA" box="[516,638,1002,1025]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="2.[845,922,1960,1982]" captionTargetBox="[845,1480,1275,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-793@2.[844,1480,1275,1927]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Text-fig. 1. Dental material of ursids from the locality Šandalja I (Croatia) in occlusal view. U. t. mediterraneus – a: m2 dex. (specimen A), b: m2 dex., c: m3 dex. (both specimen B), d: distal fragment of m1 dex. (specimen C); U. deningeri – e: mesial fragment of m2 dex. (specimen G), f: p4 sin. (specimen H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385939/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Text-fig. 1f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646EFFA20BD0FBCAFDFFFA8D" blockId="5.[106,746,1050,1562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">D e s c r i p t i o n. The mesial fragment of m2 dex. (specimen G) is distally limited by breakage extending from the distal part of Prd-complex (in front of contact with Hyd) to the distal arm of End 2. The tooth is only slightly worn. There is a very well developed central constriction. The cusps are well developed and strong. EPrd and EMed are rather low, but clearly separated from Prd and Med. There are well developed secondary cusps and swellings in the anterior trigonid basin and well developed and diversified swellings and crests are also present in the distal part of the trigonid.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646EFFA20BD0FAB0FD21F9C1" blockId="5.[106,746,1050,1562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">p4 sin. (specimen H) is almost complete (only the lingual crown base is damaged) and only slightly worn. Except the dominant Prd, Pad, Med, Hyd and End are well developed. With the exception of these main cusps, a smaller secondary cusp is developed between Pad and the mesial arm of Prd. The distal arm of Prd is segmented by 2 transverse grooves.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC236A4646EFFA10BD0F9E3FDFBFEEB" blockId="5.[106,745,1587,2100]" lastBlockId="6.[129,768,152,304]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
D i s c u s s i o n. The mesial fragment of m2 was already determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA20A1BF984FDE0F9B0" box="[347,553,1619,1643]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20A1BF984FE52F9B0" box="[347,411,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Ursus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20A83F983FDE0F9B0" box="[451,553,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">deningeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B55646EFFA20911F983FD2CF9B1" author="Malez, M." box="[593,741,1619,1642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" pagination="181 - 201" refId="ref11514" refString="Malez, M. (1975): O znacenju otkrica ostataka roda Homo u naslagama vilafranka Sandalje I kod Pule [On the signifi- cance of the genus Homo discovery in the Villafranchian sediments of Sandalja I near Pula]. - Rad Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, 371: 181 - 201. (in Croatian with English summary)" type="journal article" year="1975">Malez (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Although fragmentary, this tooth has the characters typical for spelaeoid bears, e.g., well developed central constriction, EPrd and EMed forming independent cusps or a highly diversified inner field in the tooth (i.e., not only the presence of crests in the distal part of the trigonid, but also their further divisions, partly forming by small cusps). The combination of these characters is typical for spelaeoid bears and is more advanced compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA20A2DF889FE23F8AB" box="[365,490,1881,1904]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etruscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20A2DF889FE23F8AB" box="[365,490,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">U. etruscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or even
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA20913F889FD73F8AB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[595,698,1881,1904]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20913F889FD73F8AB" box="[595,698,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">U. arctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf. Wagner and Čermák 2012). The state of diversification of the inner field seems to be greater than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA20967F84AFD67F86A" box="[551,686,1945,1969]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20967F84AFD67F86A" box="[551,686,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">U. deningeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene, i.e., from the Late Biharian (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13462A21646EFFA20B93F80BFE8FF829" box="[211,326,2011,2034]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="5.[822,903,603,625]" captionTargetBox="[822,1457,151,568]" captionTargetId="figure-600@5.[822,1457,151,569]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Text-fig. 6. m2 of U. deningeri from Šandalja I (a: specimen G; 1– occlusal, 2 – lingual view) compared with Late Biharian U. deningeri from C 718 cave (b: NM-R 9740, c: NM-Ra 129; both occlusal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; a reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385947/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Text-fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although we assigned this tooth to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA2098FF80BFF19F7C8" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA2098FF80BFF19F7C8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">U. deningeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it ought to be noted that similar morphology can also be found in some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA20AAEF7CCFDE7F7E8" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[494,558,2076,2099]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20AAEF7CCFDE7F7E8" box="[494,558,2076,2099]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Ursus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gr.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20916F7CCFD7BF7EF" box="[598,690,2076,2100]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">spelaeus</emphasis>
|
||
. The p4 sin. was assigned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4B55646EFFA20F00FCFDFAC2FC9F" author="Malez, M." box="[1088,1291,813,836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" pagination="181 - 201" refId="ref11514" refString="Malez, M. (1975): O znacenju otkrica ostataka roda Homo u naslagama vilafranka Sandalje I kod Pule [On the signifi- cance of the genus Homo discovery in the Villafranchian sediments of Sandalja I near Pula]. - Rad Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, 371: 181 - 201. (in Croatian with English summary)" type="journal article" year="1975">Malez (1975: 186)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA20E71FCFDFA65FC9F" box="[1329,1452,813,836]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etruscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20E71FCFDFA65FC9F" box="[1329,1452,813,836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">U. etruscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the tooth is more evolved than in this species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13462A21646EFFA20E16FC9EFC8AFC5D" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="5.[824,905,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[824,1459,1301,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-654@5.[824,1459,1301,1867]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Text-fig. 7. p4 of U. deningeri from Šandalja I compared with other bear species. a: Šandalja I (specimen H; 1 – occlusal, 2 – lingual view), b: U. etruscus, Casa Frata (private collection), c: U. etruscus, Olivola (IGF 4605), d: U. deningeri, C 718 cave (NM-Rv 20003), e: U. t. mediterraneus, Azykh cave (ZIN 32549) (all in occlussal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; d reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385953/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Text-fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), where the cusps, other than Prd (and sometimes Pad), are only weakly developed, if not missing. A similar situation is in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA2082BFC61FC34FC13" authorityName="CUVIER" authorityYear="1823" box="[875,1021,944,968]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thibetanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA2082BFC61FC34FC13" box="[875,1021,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">U. thibetanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which this tooth is usually even less developed. Even in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C68806646EFFA20F74FC01FBABFC33" box="[1076,1122,977,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20FB5FC02FAC6FC32" box="[1269,1295,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">U.</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA20E63FC01FA41FC32" box="[1315,1416,977,1001]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karabach">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20E63FC01FA41FC32" box="[1315,1416,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">karabach</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (=
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA20874FC22FBCCFBD1" box="[820,1029,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
U. t.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA2082BFC22FBCCFBD1" box="[875,1029,1010,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">mediterraneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; see Baryshnikov 2010) from Azykh (= Azokh) cave (Nagorno-Karabakh), which has larger and more robust lower teeth than is usual in Asiatic black bear, the p4 is much simpler (although Prd, Hyd and End are present, all of them are only very slightly developed; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13462A21646EFFA20874FB46FC7AFB76" box="[820,947,1174,1197]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="5.[824,905,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[824,1459,1301,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-654@5.[824,1459,1301,1867]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Text-fig. 7. p4 of U. deningeri from Šandalja I compared with other bear species. a: Šandalja I (specimen H; 1 – occlusal, 2 – lingual view), b: U. etruscus, Casa Frata (private collection), c: U. etruscus, Olivola (IGF 4605), d: U. deningeri, C 718 cave (NM-Rv 20003), e: U. t. mediterraneus, Azykh cave (ZIN 32549) (all in occlussal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; d reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5385953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5385953/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Text-fig. 7e</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646EFFA208A4FB47FB81FB75" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[996,1096,1175,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646EFFA208A4FB47FB81FB75" box="[996,1096,1175,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">U. arctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this tooth has a not so diversified occlusal surface (at least in most cases). Moreover, relatively mesially located Med is typical character for spelaeoid bears, distinguishing them from brown bears. On the other hand, compared to the Late Pleistocene
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646DFFA10AADFF09FDCEFF2B" box="[493,519,217,240]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">U.</emphasis>
|
||
gr.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646DFFA10971FF08FD44FF2B" box="[561,653,216,240]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">spelaeus</emphasis>
|
||
, this tooth is rather simple in construction (Pad and Med are smaller). We therefore assigned it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D4D27646DFFA10AE4FEC9FDE2FEEB" box="[420,555,280,304]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="539" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deningeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909EAB6646DFFA10AE4FEC9FDE2FEEB" box="[420,555,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">U. deningeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |