plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/77/59/03775906A6D52C8EFF17F8C313B0F947.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

306 lines
36 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="FA6EAC62F6C88A2E72CF1E9A6BE69B1B" ID-CLB-Dataset="5350" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d66f1b27-5891-4fa5-96e0-f75cb3ec2445" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086256" ID-ZooBank="A3C10B34-7698-4C4D-94E5-DCF70B475603" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623272878632" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schmidt, C. A. &amp; Shattuck, S. O." docDate="2014" docId="03775906A6D52C8EFF17F8C313B0F947" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03817p242.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3817 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Loboponera Bolton &amp; Brown" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="FF4E217EA67F2C22FF80FFE61065FFFA" masterDocTitle="The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1699920028738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="6915301C8F043B6333BAB0DA6AD8A4DC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="6FDD431401CAB1036540D56FA5B48503">
<mods:title id="9CB2862989862419ED2AE9F518D2BC2A">The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4B2F64D8D1D2029BA2007B9747649125" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C1A2C93AA3B98B2DBDB612665CE83C1B">
<mods:roleTerm id="33EA5C8A699D248FA79E910078AC015A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="17BAE8AFC1E091F8E53783A0744B3F6C">Schmidt, C. A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="19B84DC57D719DA6BF20CEC808B91BDF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B8242AD33E72F91EF0615DB940C8C452">
<mods:roleTerm id="A5124D166A96C0E167BE696A5B658BAD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="976C35A64BE84797BBE3B0B29AE085B4">Shattuck, S. O.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1F2E895A0A1F8AF5748482CF01EFA53C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="66A40B1D9DB7FAD8B3D0CD8AAA63CBC2" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8794D52DFD5E09641CCA789934A6AB2D">
<mods:title id="409CE1EF8D86511C0C663809CA75D4F1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="643799504914FC3B5C85A7BD5289D3DF">
<mods:date id="502503DF31927ED5F126F260BE06B85E">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="192D791A544EA37341677E57CBE410D9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="DC761A93194B6041E7381B7C39C5E290">2014-06-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D4F431EE9FFCE8F901CEF4C81CCFD92A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="689893E2A51FF822E032192808838DA7">3817</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5E4F7EAECC385855FA94C71BBCB4779F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="D2F206B62E7E4C98BA26C6EE4F0AD5E1">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="50B8083BC04194FDF0AA07A027BB9DE2" unit="page">
<mods:start id="A1DBC163751173242A0862C0B4654B92">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9460ABF30A3040423384E3DE67313D81">242</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="EA4FEA8B0622DCCA4D6D305F73A62375">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1EC8A132CB567FE97D66B4BCBDE2E7CF" type="CLB-Dataset">5350</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7DAFDD84933E335B60980C8D9C136667" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="48EF46DDC65A9663AE75B2EE5D6635B6" type="GBIF-Dataset">d66f1b27-5891-4fa5-96e0-f75cb3ec2445</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4B91AB426D0458DE55D968FF04D1C182" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="480FA1EE64013DB0BFA9E8B04961F85F" type="Zenodo-Dep">10086256</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="24B4E8C2972B5A224B4A6A10B8FDD7A3" type="ZooBank">A3C10B34-7698-4C4D-94E5-DCF70B475603</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03775906A6D52C8EFF17F8C313B0F947" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5117586" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183709925" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5117586" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03775906A6D52C8EFF17F8C313B0F947" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03775906A6D52C8EFF17F8C313B0F947" lastPageId="172" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6D52C88FF17F8C3119AF8C5" box="[151,511,1829,1855]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D52C88FF17F8C3119AF8C5" blockId="170.[151,511,1829,1889]" box="[151,511,1829,1855]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<heading id="D0295F7CA6D52C88FF17F8C3119AF8C5" bold="true" box="[151,511,1829,1855]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D52C88FF17F8C3119AF8C5" authority="Bolton &amp; Brown" authorityName="Bolton &amp; Brown" box="[151,511,1829,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D52C88FF17F8C3119AF8C5" bold="true" box="[151,511,1829,1855]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D52C88FF17F8C3114FF8C5" bold="true" box="[151,298,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Loboponera</emphasis>
Bolton &amp; Brown
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6D52C88FF17F8AE1083F89B" box="[151,230,1864,1889]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D52C88FF17F8AE1083F89B" blockId="170.[151,511,1829,1889]" box="[151,230,1864,1889]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<figureCitation id="13E5F495A6D52C88FF17F8AE1083F89B" box="[151,230,1864,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="171.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-50@171.[151,1436,195,1874]" captionTargetPageId="171" captionText="FIGURE 38. Worker caste of Loboponera basalis: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head (Ivory Coast, G.Alpert, MCZC); world distribution of Loboponera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10120899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10120899/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6D52C8EFF17F8761238FF2F" lastPageId="172" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D52C88FF17F87611FDF83E" blockId="170.[151,1436,1936,1988]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA6D52C88FF17F87611FDF83E" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6D52C88FF17F876127FF85C" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[151,538,1936,1958]" page="3" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="2002">
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D52C88FF17F876127FF85C" authority="Bolton &amp; Brown, 2002: 3" authorityName="Bolton &amp; Brown" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,538,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D52C88FF17F8761176F85C" box="[151,275,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Loboponera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D52C88FE99F876127FF85C" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[281,538,1936,1958]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref133506" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr. (2002) Loboponera gen. n. and a review of the Afrotropical Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 71, 1 - 18. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0968045402000019" type="journal article" year="2002">Bolton &amp; Brown, 2002: 3</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(as genus in
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D52C88FD20F876129EF85C" ID-CoL="L68" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[672,763,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
). Type-species:
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A6D52C88FC1BF876151DF85F" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[923,1400,1936,1958]" page="7" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" year="2002">
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D52C88FC1BF876151DF85F" authority="Bolton &amp; Brown, 2002: 7" authorityName="Bolton &amp; Brown" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="2002" box="[923,1400,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilans">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D52C88FC1BF8761408F85C" box="[923,1133,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Loboponera vigilans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D52C88FBF3F876151DF85F" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1139,1400,1936,1958]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref133506" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr. (2002) Loboponera gen. n. and a review of the Afrotropical Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 71, 1 - 18. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0968045402000019" type="journal article" year="2002">Bolton &amp; Brown, 2002: 7</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; by original designation.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DFA1B898A6D42C89FF17F88E12D4F866" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10120899" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10120899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10120899/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" startId="171.[151,250,1896,1918]" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1862]" targetPageId="171">
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D42C89FF17F88E12D4F866" blockId="171.[151,1436,1896,1948]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D42C89FF17F88E1144F887" bold="true" box="[151,289,1896,1918]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 38.</emphasis>
Worker caste of
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D42C89FE55F88E12C4F884" authorityName="Bolton &amp; Brown" authorityYear="2002" box="[469,673,1896,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D42C89FE55F88E12C4F884" box="[469,673,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Loboponera basalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head (Ivory Coast, G.Alpert, MCZC); world distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D42C89FDAFF86012CEF866" box="[559,683,1926,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D42C89FDAFF86012CEF866" box="[559,683,1926,1948]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D32C8EFF17FF711238FF2F" blockId="172.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFF17FF711145FF4A" box="[151,288,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF17FF711145FF4A" box="[151,288,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small (nine described species) Afrotropical genus. They are cryptic nesters and foragers, but nothing else is known about their habits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6D32C8EFF47FF3912D5FB12" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D32C8EFF47FF391187FDC6" blockId="172.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF47FF391124FF02" bold="true" box="[199,321,223,248]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFECCFF3911B0FF02" box="[332,469,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFECCFF3911B0FF02" box="[332,469,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers are readily identified by their huge frontal lobes, cuticular flanges at the posteroventral corners of the head, obsolete metanotal groove, broad propodeum, dorsal longitudinal grooves on the meso- and metafemora, and strongly arched tergite A4.
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFC01FEC1146FFEBA" box="[897,1034,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFC01FEC1146FFEBA" box="[897,1034,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFA87FEC115F0FEBA" box="[1287,1429,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFA87FEC115F0FEBA" box="[1287,1429,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Plectroctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFF17FEAA117EFE9F" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,283,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF17FEAA117EFE9F" box="[151,283,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Boloponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFEB3FEAA1184FE9F" authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1890" box="[307,481,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Psalidomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFEB3FEAA1184FE9F" box="[307,481,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Psalidomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFE7AFEAB121BFE9E" box="[506,638,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFE7AFEAB121BFE9E" box="[506,638,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Feroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and some
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFC9CFEAA13DDFE9F" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[796,952,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFC9CFEAA13DDFE9F" box="[796,952,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Bothroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but none of these other genera have posteroventral flanges on the head or a strongly vaulted gaster.
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFCECFE89139FFE72" box="[876,1018,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFCECFE89139FFE72" box="[876,1018,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Plectroctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has dorsal grooves on its meso- and metafemora, and
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFEDFFE721181FE57" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[351,484,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFEDFFE721181FE57" box="[351,484,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Boloponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has grooves on its metafemora (this is undoubtedly a synapomorphy of these three genera), but these genera both have linear mandibles, in contrast to
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFC4CFE511400FE2A" box="[972,1125,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera’s</emphasis>
more triangular mandibles.
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFF17FE3A1156FE0F" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[151,307,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF17FE3A1156FE0F" box="[151,307,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Bothroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two metatibial spurs, among many other differences.
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFC48FE3B1428FE0E" box="[968,1101,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFC48FE3B1428FE0E" box="[968,1101,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Feroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFB06FE3A156AFE0F" box="[1158,1295,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFB06FE3A156AFE0F" box="[1158,1295,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both have a pair of teeth on the anterior clypeal margin, but
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFD3CFDE71325FDE2" box="[700,832,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Feroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFD3CFDE71325FDE2" box="[700,832,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Feroponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has stout traction setae on its mesotibiae and meso-/ metabasitarsi, and lacks eyes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D32C8EFF47FDA111B8FBEA" blockId="172.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF47FDA111A1FD9A" bold="true" box="[199,452,583,608]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Synoptic description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFE4BFDA11244FD9A" box="[459,545,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Worker.</emphasis>
Small to medium (TL 3.0–
<quantity id="4C2645F5A6D32C8EFCD8FDA113CAFD9A" box="[856,943,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
) robust ants with the standard characters of
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFF17FD8A109FFD7F" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,250,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
. Mandibles triangular to subtriangular, with a basal groove. Anterior margin of clypeus with a blunt medial projection and laterally with a tooth projecting over each mandibular articulation. Frontal lobes greatly expanded laterally and closely approximated. Antennae moderately clubbed apically. Eyes very small, located far anterior of head midline. Posteroventral corners of head with cuticular flanges. Mesopleuron divided by a transverse groove, the anepisternum often appearing fused to the mesonotum and metapleuron. Metanotal groove absent. Propodeum broad dorsally, the posterolateral margins often forming lamellae. Propodeal spiracles round. Metapleural gland orifice opening laterally. Meso- and metafemora with a dorsal longitudinal groove. Metatibial spur formula (1p). Petiole nodiform. Anteroventral articulatory surface of petiole long and broad, with a narrow median groove. Strong girdling constriction present between pre- and postsclerite of A4. Tergite of A4 strongly vaulted and down-curved posteriorly. Head and body shining, foveolate to punctate, sometimes with some longitudinal striations on the sides of the mesosoma, and generally with sparse pilosity and pubescence. Color dark red or purple to nearly black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D32C8EFF47FBFA11D6FBA2" blockId="172.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF47FBFA1172FBC9" box="[199,279,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Queen.</emphasis>
Similar to workers but slightly larger, winged and with the characters typical of alate ponerine queens (
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D32C8EFF1EFBD911C2FBA2" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[158,423,1087,1112]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref133506" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr. (2002) Loboponera gen. n. and a review of the Afrotropical Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 71, 1 - 18. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0968045402000019" type="journal article" year="2002">
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D32C8EFF1EFBD91089FBA2" box="[158,236,1087,1112]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Bolton</collectingRegion>
&amp; Brown, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D32C8EFF47FB8211E0FB87" blockId="172.[151,1437,151,1725]" box="[199,389,1124,1149]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF47FB82116DFB87" box="[199,264,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D32C8EFF47FB6F11C8FB5A" blockId="172.[151,1437,151,1725]" box="[199,429,1159,1184]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF47FB6F1174FB5A" box="[199,273,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Larva.</emphasis>
Undescribed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D32C8EFF47FB4A12D5FB12" blockId="172.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF47FB4A118AFB3F" bold="true" box="[199,495,1196,1221]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFE75FB4A121BFB3F" box="[501,638,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFE75FB4A121BFB3F" box="[501,638,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to central and western Africa, ranging from
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6D32C8EFB7CFB4A151AFB3F" box="[1276,1407,1196,1221]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A6D32C8EFF17FB291096FB12" box="[151,243,1231,1256]" name="Rwanda" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D32C8EFE81FB29126DFB12" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[257,520,1231,1256]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref133506" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr. (2002) Loboponera gen. n. and a review of the Afrotropical Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 71, 1 - 18. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0968045402000019" type="journal article" year="2002">Bolton &amp; Brown, 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D32C8EFD94FB2912C1FB12" author="Fisher, B. L." box="[532,676,1231,1256]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref142162" refString="Fisher, B. L. (2006) Boloponera vicans gen. n. and sp. n. and two new species of the Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Fisher, 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA6D32C8EFF47FB1213B0F947" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D32C8EFF47FB121531FA82" blockId="172.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF47FB1211B4FAF7" bold="true" box="[199,465,1268,1293]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Virtually nothing is known about the ecology or behavior of
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFB05FB12156BFAF7" box="[1157,1294,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFB05FB12156BFAF7" box="[1157,1294,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Collections of this genus have come from leaf litter and rotting wood (
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D32C8EFCC8FAF1143FFACA" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[840,1114,1303,1328]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref133506" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr. (2002) Loboponera gen. n. and a review of the Afrotropical Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 71, 1 - 18. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0968045402000019" type="journal article" year="2002">
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D32C8EFCC8FAF113F3FACA" box="[840,918,1303,1328]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Bolton</collectingRegion>
&amp; Brown, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D32C8EFBE8FAF1149FFACA" author="Fisher, B. L." box="[1128,1274,1303,1328]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref142162" refString="Fisher, B. L. (2006) Boloponera vicans gen. n. and sp. n. and two new species of the Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Fisher, 2006</bibRefCitation>
), which when paired with its reduced eyes and downcurved gaster (possibly an adaptation to hunting in tight spaces) strongly implies a cryptic lifestyle. Their generalized mandibular structure gives no clues to the identity of their prey.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B61E810A6D32C8EFF47FA6213B0F947" blockId="172.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF47FA6212B3FA67" bold="true" box="[199,726,1412,1437]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFD5EFA621302FA67" box="[734,871,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFD5EFA621302FA67" box="[734,871,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was erected by
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D32C8EFBA2FA621551FA67" author="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1058,1332,1412,1437]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref133506" refString="Bolton, B. &amp; Brown, W. L. Jr. (2002) Loboponera gen. n. and a review of the Afrotropical Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 71, 1 - 18. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0968045402000019" type="journal article" year="2002">
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D32C8EFBA2FA62140BFA67" box="[1058,1134,1412,1437]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Bolton</collectingRegion>
&amp; Brown (2002)
</bibRefCitation>
to house several newly described species as well as
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFD18FA4114A2FA3A" authority="(Santschi)" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" box="[664,1223,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasica" subGenus="Bothroponera">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFD18FA411352FA3A" box="[664,823,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Pachycondyla</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFCCCFA41138DFA3A" box="[844,1000,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Bothroponera</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFC7DFA4E1423FA45" box="[1021,1094,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">nasica</emphasis>
(Santschi)
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D32C8EFB56FA411547FA3A" box="[1238,1314,1447,1472]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Bolton</collectingRegion>
&amp; Brown linked
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFF64FA2A1108FA1F" box="[228,365,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF64FA2A1108FA1F" box="[228,365,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFE10FA2A127BFA1F" box="[400,542,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFE10FA2A127BFA1F" box="[400,542,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Plectroctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFDD4FA2A1367FA1F" authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1890" box="[596,770,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Psalidomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFDD4FA2A1367FA1F" box="[596,770,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Psalidomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the shape of the anteroventral articulatory surface of the petiole, and suggested that the presence of longitudinal grooves on the meso- and metafemora was synapomorphic for
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFE03F9F21269F9D7" box="[387,524,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFE03F9F21269F9D7" box="[387,524,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFDD3F9F21284F9D7" box="[595,737,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFDD3F9F21284F9D7" box="[595,737,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Plectroctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D32C8EFD78F9F213DAF9D7" author="Schmidt, C." box="[760,959,1556,1581]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="201 - 250" refId="ref161753" refString="Schmidt, C. (2013) Molecular phylogenetics of ponerine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Zootaxa, 3647 (2), 201 - 250. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.2.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Schmidt's (2013)</bibRefCitation>
molecular phylogeny of the
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFAACF9F215F9F9D7" box="[1324,1436,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
confirms the sister relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFDF3F9D11299F9AA" box="[627,764,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFDF3F9D11299F9AA" box="[627,764,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFCBBF9D113ACF9AA" box="[827,969,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFCBBF9D113ACF9AA" box="[827,969,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Plectroctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and likewise their sister relationship to
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFF17F9BA1120F98F" authorityName="Andre" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,325,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Psalidomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF17F9BA1120F98F" box="[151,325,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Psalidomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at least among the sampled taxa. We believe that
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFC47F9BA142EF98F" authorityName=", Fisher" authorityYear="2006" box="[967,1099,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Boloponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFC47F9BA142EF98F" box="[967,1099,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Boloponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably sister to either
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFF17F9991145F962" box="[151,288,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loboponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFF17F9991145F962" box="[151,288,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Loboponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFEC6F99911BEF962" box="[326,475,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFEC6F99911B2F962" box="[326,471,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plectroctena</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
or to both together, in disagreement with
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A6D32C8EFC37F9991436F962" author="Fisher, B. L." box="[951,1107,1663,1688]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref142162" refString="Fisher, B. L. (2006) Boloponera vicans gen. n. and sp. n. and two new species of the Plectroctena genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="2006">Fisher (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A6D32C8EFBDEF99914E2F962" box="[1118,1159,1663,1688]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">See</collectingRegion>
the earlier discussion of phylogenetic relationships within the
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A6D32C8EFDBCF94212AFF947" box="[572,714,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A6D32C8EFDBCF94212AFF947" box="[572,714,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Plectroctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group for more on this.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink