155 lines
16 KiB
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155 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2354" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f53969d6-b9f3-4f3f-81b9-d68079da79ac" ID-PMC="PMC3253629" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-160-23" ID-PubMed="22303118" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-160-23" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 160" ModsDocTitle="Further records of non-cryptic New Zealand earthworms" checkinTime="1451249422086" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Blakemore, Robert" docDate="2011" docId="F6B4113D5EB8F17162DCBB504A7E8C81" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 160: 23-46" docOrigin="ZooKeys 160" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2354" docTitle="Aporodrilus ponga Blakemore, 2011, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="AF76FF90B3586942FF8EFFAC61455746" masterDocTitle="Further records of non-cryptic New Zealand earthworms" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668153111071" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Further records of non-cryptic New Zealand earthworms</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Blakemore, Robert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>160</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
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<mods:end>46</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2354</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-160-23</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032849" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C7CD2EDF-0B2A-4EEA-A34B-4CF06F927A04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F6B4113D5EB8F17162DCBB504A7E8C81" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C7CD2EDF-0B2A-4EEA-A34B-4CF06F927A04" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aporodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aporodrilus ponga" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ponga">Aporodrilus ponga</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="28">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 2a2b
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Material Examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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Holotype Auckland Museum; AMNZ 5255. Single mature, posterior amputee rather poorly preserved from Waitakere Ranges, Waiatarua. Coll: 9.V.1995, G. Ripley. "Nikau/Ponga forest L761";
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“W-012”">"W-012"</normalizedToken>
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on lid. (Small tissue sample was taken for DNA analysis coded RJB10). [Two other specimens from the same jar are a posterior portion of a worm (AMNZ 5256) matching the dimensions and frayed edge of the current specimen is itself missing its tip; the other (AMNZ 5254) is a large mature, anterior amputee that is certainly different and probably a new species but which is inadequate for formal description here].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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After Maori name for silver fern
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cyatheaceae" genus="Cyathea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyathea dealbata" order="Cyatheales" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dealbata">Cyathea dealbata</taxonomicName>
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(G. Forster) Swartz, 1801, from the habitat detail and also the symbol commemorating the All Blacks victory in 2011 Rugby World Cup;
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aporodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aporodrilus" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Aporodrilus</taxonomicName>
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is masculine, but a noun in apposition is genderless.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aporodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aporodrilus" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Aporodrilus</taxonomicName>
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having spermathecal pores paired intersegmentally in 7/8/9; metandric with seminal vesicles in 12; no oesophageal glands; genital marking as a distinct pad in 17/18 with male pores on lower rim replacing setae a.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="external characters">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">External characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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Body robust, dorsally canaliculated in parts before amputation. Pale putty coloured in alcohol. Length 220+ mm anterior portion (a posterior fragment in jar is also 220mm and if from same specimen would give length = 440 mm). Prostomium much wrinkled prolobous. Setae lumbricine, obscure in anterior and mostly occluded on clitellum apparently converging towards male pores; further back the rows except for setal a lines become progressively irregular. Clitellum slightly more tumid and yellowy in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½13–">1/213-</normalizedToken>
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17 (or thereabouts). Dorsal pores absent. Nephropores absent (meroic). Spermathecal pores intersegmental, detected by probe from interior and approximately in setal a lines in 7/8/9. Female pores large paired on 14 (setae obscure) in line with setae a of 13. Male pores superficial on 18 in place of deleted setae a on bottom rim of pad (detected by probe internally). Penial setae not found. Genital marking as a large pad in 17/18 distending both adjacent segments.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 2a.
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aporodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aporodrilus ponga" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ponga">Aporodrilus ponga</taxonomicName>
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ventral scan of Holotype (colour).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 2b.
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aporodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aporodrilus ponga" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ponga">Aporodrilus ponga</taxonomicName>
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dorsal view of prolobous prostomium, spermathecae (8lhs and 9lhs and part of 9rhs) and prostate in 18lhs in situ. Male field is shown with setae 17b? and 17a marked (setae a occluded by male pores on 18). [Boxed spermatheca of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notoscolex hakeaphilus" order="Opisthopora" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hakeaphilus">Notoscolex hakeaphilus</taxonomicName>
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Benham, 1949, with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Benham’s">Benham's</normalizedToken>
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sketch of its male field and prostate shown for comparison].
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="internal morphology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Internal morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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Septa and pharyngeal mass absent before 5, septa 5/6-12/13 greatly thickened, thereafter membranous. Gizzard mucular barrel in 5. Dorsal blood vessel single; hearts sinuous in 9-13. Nephridia meroic forests on body wall. Spermathecae paired in 8 and 9 each with flask-shaped ampulla on equally long flat duct with multilocular diverticular frill (inseminated) near base. Probably metandric as paired seminal vesicle seen in 12 only. Testis and ovaries not located, probably minute and lost in musculature of septa and body wall. Prostates rounded but finely incised throughout so not as found in
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<taxonomicName family="Acanthodrilidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" rank="family">Acanthodrilidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Octochaetidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" rank="family">Octochaetidae</taxonomicName>
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(cf.
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<taxonomicName family="Exxidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" rank="family">Exxidae</taxonomicName>
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), i.e. tubuloracemose with small flaccid ducts in 18. Oesophagus without noticeable dilations (what I initially took as a hemispherical thickening of posterior of 9 was determined as a septum). Intestine substantial yet dilated and easily ruptured, origin appears
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="29" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
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15 or 16. Gut contains finely ground organic matter, organic soil plus coarse multi-coloured grits.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Anterior musculature and thickened septa are associated with strong burrowing, and lack of (anterior) dorsal pores may aid maintenance of hydroskeletal turgor pressure.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aporodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aporodrilus ponga" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ponga">Aporodrilus ponga</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aporodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aporodrilus aotea" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aotea">Aporodrilus aotea</taxonomicName>
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on almost each specific point. According to
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<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Lee (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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, who often took tubuloracemose prostates to be tubular, this specimen keys to genus
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Megascolides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megascolides" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Megascolides</taxonomicName>
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but fails to match any known taxa from there. If more properly allowed into
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lee’s">Lee's</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notoscolex" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Notoscolex</taxonomicName>
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the similarity with
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notoscolex hakeaphilus" order="Opisthopora" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hakeaphilus">Notoscolex hakeaphilus</taxonomicName>
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Benham
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="30" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
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1949 is remarkable: viz. large size (650-950 mm) with irregular setae, male pores on a median oval depression, septa absent before 5, spermathecae in 8 and 9, and metandry. Presumed differences however, are darker colour (current specimen bleached in alcohol?), epiloby and again much furrowed as here, tufted nephridia (how tufted?) in anterior, a thick-walled enlargement of oesophagus in 8 (possibly as I initially thought was in 9), prostates claimed as flat rather than rounded (although figured as rounded), spermathecae with "a minute globular diverticulum" (variation?), and male pores shown laterally within pad on 18 rather than on its rim as here. It is possible Benham mistook some of these points. His report of last hearts in segment 10 for this species is undoubtedly anomalous as invariably they are in either segments 12 or 13 in normal
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<taxonomicName family="Megascolecidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" rank="family">Megascolecidae</taxonomicName>
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; and intestine in 12 is also anterior to what is usual. No mention was made of dorsal pores by him.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Benham’s">Benham's</normalizedToken>
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type was collected in 1946 from Kerikeri (A.48.31 - supposedly in poor condition but confirmation from Otago museum unforthcoming) that he thought imported from Australia as was the plant it was found under. This seems unlikely for such a large species: even if its cocoons were introduced, large species often have particular habitats unlike most small to medium cosmopolitans. Lee (1959: 318), presumably accepting
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Benham’s">Benham's</normalizedToken>
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characterization, has another specimen (current location unknown) from Pukehohe, suburb of Auckland, from subsoil collected by W. Cottier in 1951. (An online GBIF record of Australian Museum AM W.29352 at Taupo is unconfirmed http://data.gbif.org/occurrences/237279142 accessed November, 2011). A much smaller species but with remarkable superficial similarity of marking to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Benham’s">Benham's</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notoscolex hakeaphilus" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hakeaphilus">Notoscolex hakeaphilus</taxonomicName>
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is his
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notoscolex maoricus" order="Opisthopora" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maoricus">Notoscolex maoricus</taxonomicName>
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(Benham, 1904) (syn.
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Tokea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tokea decipiens" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="decipiens">Tokea decipiens</taxonomicName>
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Benham, 1905) that also comes from "
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<taxonomicName genus="Waitakerei" lsidName="Waitakerei (Bush)" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Bush">Waitakerei Bush</taxonomicName>
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" (= Waitakere), near Auckland.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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Without information to the contrary we must reluctantly accept the balance of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Benham’s">Benham's</normalizedToken>
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earlier diagnosis, in which case a new name for this specimen has merit. Confirmation of independence of either species now depends on reinspection of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Benham’s">Benham's</normalizedToken>
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type, apparently beyond the brief, budget and resources of successive workers for the last 62 years, including the present one.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |