896 lines
140 KiB
XML
896 lines
140 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FDCBBA8855419E438AA4ED9AC454DB51">A taxonomic revision of the dirt ants, Basiceros Schulz, 1906 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3A953AC5065D66B62A63F0C76B2DCCEF">Probst, Rodolfo Da Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE38EADBA0A6FCB039AD37C2413FA42D">Brandão, Carlos Roberto Ferreira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F8BFF50C0DF4120C90F5DFAAD31E2CD5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFF0FFEBC80B2DA1F" ID-CoL="38DB" ID-ENA="411697" authority="Schulz 1906" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,425,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFF0FFEBC8017DA1F" bold="true" box="[151,268,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Basiceros</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFE8CFEBC80B2DA1F" author="Schulz, W. A." box="[276,425,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref62795" refString="Schulz, W. A. (1906) Spolia hymenopterologica. Junfermannsche Buchhandlung, Paderborn, 355 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59757" type="book" year="1906">Schulz 1906</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFF0FFEF7800ADADA" box="[151,273,364,388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Meranoplus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFEB8FEF7807FDADD" box="[288,356,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">in part</emphasis>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFEEBFEF78304DADD" author="Smith, F." box="[371,543,363,388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref62892" refString="Smith, F. (1858) Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. British Museum, London, 216 pp." type="book" year="1858">Smith 1858: 195</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFF0FFE1180AFDAFC" authority="Smith 1860: 78" authorityName=": Smith" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,436,394,418]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ceratobasis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFF0FFE11800ADAFC" box="[151,273,394,418]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ceratobasis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFE80FE1180AFDAFC" author="Smith, F." box="[280,436,394,418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="65 - 84" refId="ref62924" refString="Smith, F. (1860) Descriptions of new genera and species of exotic Hymenoptera. Journal of Entomology London, 1, 65 - 84, pl. IV." type="journal article" year="1860">Smith 1860: 78</bibRefCitation>
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(junior homonymous of
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<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFD2AFE118515DAFC" author="Lacordaire, T." box="[690,1038,394,418]" page="362" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1848">
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<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFD2AFE118515DAFC" authority="Lacordaire 1848: 362" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityPageNumber="362" authorityYear="1848" box="[690,1038,394,418]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ceratobasis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFD2AFE118237DAFC" box="[690,812,394,418]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ceratobasis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFCAAFE118515DAFC" author="Lacordaire, T." box="[818,1038,394,418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 890" refId="ref62122" refString="Lacordaire, T. (1848) Monographie des coleopteres subpentameres de la famille des Phytophages. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, 5 (Tome Second), 1 - 890." type="book chapter" year="1848">Lacordaire 1848: 362</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFB81FE1185B5DAFC" ID-CoL="7VY" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1049,1198,394,418]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFB20FE118437DAFC" ID-CoL="C2L" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1208,1324,394,418]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFF0FFE3180A9DA9F" author="Schulz, W. A." box="[151,434,425,449]" page="156" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1906">
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<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFF0FFE3180A9DA9F" ID-CoL="38DB" authority="Schulz 1906: 156" authorityName="Schulz" authorityPageNumber="156" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,434,425,449]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFF0FFE3181E1DA9F" box="[151,250,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Basiceros</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFE98FE3280A9DA9F" author="Schulz, W. A." box="[256,434,425,449]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref62795" refString="Schulz, W. A. (1906) Spolia hymenopterologica. Junfermannsche Buchhandlung, Paderborn, 355 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59757" type="book" year="1906">Schulz 1906: 156</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(name replacing
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<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFDFAFE3283C7DA9F" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1848" box="[610,732,425,449]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ceratobasis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFDFAFE3283C7DA9F" box="[610,732,425,449]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ceratobasis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFD72FE3282CBDA9F" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[746,976,425,449]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Meranoplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularis">
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<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFD72FE3282CBDA9F" box="[746,976,425,449]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Meranoplus singularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<typeStatus id="A1398090FF8DE35CFC45FE328512DA9F" box="[989,1033,425,449]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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species by monotypy).
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="5E92191CFF8DE35CFF0FFE5385C2DAA0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFF0FFE5381E1DA81" ID-CoL="38DB" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,250,456,479]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFF0FFE5381E1DA81" box="[151,250,456,479]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Basiceros</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Myrmicinae,
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<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFE38FE5383BEDABE" author="Emery, C." box="[416,677,456,480]" page="42" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1914">
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<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFE38FE5383BEDABE" authority=": Emery 1914: 42" authorityName=": Emery" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1914" box="[416,677,456,480]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dacetini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Dacetini:
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<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFD9AFE5383BEDABE" author="Emery, C." box="[514,677,456,480]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="29 - 42" refId="ref61635" refString="Emery, C. (1914) Intorno alla classificazione dei Myrmicinae. Rendiconti delle Sessioni della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna Classe di Scienze Fisische, New Series, 18, 29 - 42." type="journal article" year="1914">Emery 1914: 42</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFD37FE53824ADA81" author="Forel, A." box="[687,849,455,480]" page="246" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFD37FE53824ADA81" author="Forel, A." box="[687,849,455,480]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="229 - 253" refId="ref61846" refString="Forel, A. (1917) Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 51, 229 - 253." type="journal article" year="1917">Forel 1917: 246</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFCC2FE538506DA81" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[858,1053,455,480]" page="666" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1922">
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<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFCC2FE538506DA81" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[858,1053,455,480]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="631 - 710" refId="ref63372" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1922) Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45, 631 - 710." type="journal article" year="1922">Wheeler 1922: 666</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFBBEFE5385CCDABE" author="Emery, C." box="[1062,1239,456,480]" page="327" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFBBEFE5385CCDABE" author="Emery, C." box="[1062,1239,456,480]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="207 - 397" refId="ref61673" refString="Emery, C. (1924 [" 1922 "]) Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [concl.]. Genera Insectorum, 174 C, 207 - 397." type="book chapter" year="1924">Emery 1924: 327</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFB78FE5381EBDAA0" author="Donisthorpe, H." page="627" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1943">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFB78FE5381EBDAA0" author="Donisthorpe, H." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="721 - 737" refId="ref61580" refString="Donisthorpe, H. (1943) A list of the type-species of the genera and subgenera of the Formicidae. [concl.]. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 10 (71), 721 - 737. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934308527388" type="journal article" year="1943">Donisthorpe 1943: 627</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFF63FE7C80B4DAA0" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[251,431,486,510]" page="102" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1948">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFF63FE7C80B4DAA0" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[251,431,486,510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="101 - 129" refId="ref61083" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1948) A preliminary generic revision of the higher Dacetini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Philadelphia, 74, 101 - 129." type="journal article" year="1948">Brown 1948: 102</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFE21FE7D8259DAA0" author="Baroni Urbani, C. & de Andrade, M. L." box="[441,834,486,510]" page="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFE21FE7D8259DAA0" author="Baroni Urbani, C. & de Andrade, M. L." box="[441,834,486,510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref60626" refString="Baroni Urbani, C. & de Andrade, M. L. (1994) First description of fossil Dacetini ants with a critical analysis of the current classification of the tribe (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VI: Dacetini). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie), 198, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1994">Baroni Urbani & de Andrade 1994: 30</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFCD4FE7D85CEDAA0" author="Baroni Urbani, C. & de Andrade, M. L." box="[844,1237,486,510]" page="81" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFCD4FE7D85CEDAA0" author="Baroni Urbani, C. & de Andrade, M. L." box="[844,1237,486,510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 191" refId="ref60692" refString="Baroni Urbani, C. & de Andrade, M. L. (2007) The ant tribe Dacetini: Limits and constituent genera, with descriptions of new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " Giacomo Doria ", 99, 1 - 191." type="journal article" year="2007">Baroni Urbani & de Andrade 2007: 81</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8DE35CFF0FFD9D80BED962" blockId="9.[151,1437,363,786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5E92191CFF8DE35CFF0FFD9D80BED962" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFF0FFD9D81E1D943" ID-CoL="38DB" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,250,518,541]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFF0FFD9D81E1D943" box="[151,250,518,541]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Myrmicinae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFE32FD9E83FAD943" authority=": Brown 1949: 87" authorityName="Brown" authorityPageNumber="87" authorityYear="1949" box="[426,737,517,541]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basicerotini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Basicerotini: Brown 1949: 87</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFD76FD9E8502D943" author="Brown, W. L. Jr. & Kempf, W. W." box="[750,1049,517,541]" page="171" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1960">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFD76FD9E8502D943" author="Brown, W. L. Jr. & Kempf, W. W." box="[750,1049,517,541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="161 - 250" refId="ref61211" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. & Kempf, W. W. (1960) A world revision of the ant tribe Basicerotini (Hym. Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, New Series, 3, 161 - 250." type="journal article" year="1960">Brown & Kempf, 1960: 171</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFBBEFD9E85C4D943" author="Bolton, B." box="[1062,1247,517,541]" page="105" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFBBEFD9E85C4D943" author="Bolton, B." box="[1062,1247,517,541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref60742" refString="Bolton, B. (1994) Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 222 pp." type="book" year="1994">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BC46F0D0FF8DE35CFBBEFD9E8570D943" box="[1062,1131,517,541]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
1994: 105
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFB74FD9E8483D943" author="Bolton, B." box="[1260,1432,517,541]" page="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFB74FD9E8483D943" author="Bolton, B." box="[1260,1432,517,541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="65 - 78" refId="ref60770" refString="Bolton, B. (1998) Monophyly of the dacetonine tribe-group and its component tribes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History Entomology Series, 67, 65 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BC46F0D0FF8DE35CFB74FD9E842AD943" box="[1260,1329,517,541]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
1998: 67
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFF5FFDBF8075D965" author="Bolton, B." box="[199,366,547,572]" page="53" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFF5FFDBF8075D965" author="Bolton, B." box="[199,366,547,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref60848" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BC46F0D0FF8DE35CFF5FFDBF8017D962" box="[199,268,548,572]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
2003: 53
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 183.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8DE35CFF0FFDD883A4D904" blockId="9.[151,1437,363,786]" box="[151,703,578,602]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5E92191CFF8DE35CFF0FFDD883A4D904" box="[151,703,578,602]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFF0FFDD881E1D904" ID-CoL="38DB" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,250,579,602]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFF0FFDD881E1D904" box="[151,250,579,602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Myrmicinae, Attini:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFE72FDD983A0D904" author="Ward, P. S. & Brady, S. G. & Fisher, B. L. & Schultz, T. R." box="[490,699,578,602]" page="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFE72FDD983A0D904" author="Ward, P. S. & Brady, S. G. & Fisher, B. L. & Schultz, T. R." box="[490,699,578,602]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="61 - 81" refId="ref63027" refString="Ward, P. S., Brady, S. G., Fisher, B. L. & Schultz, T. R. (2015) The evolution of myrmicine ants: Phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 40, 61 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12090" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Ward
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFDBEFDD88348D904" box="[550,595,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015: 17
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8DE35CFF0FFDFA833CD9E8" blockId="9.[151,1437,363,786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFF0FFDFA831FD927" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[151,516,609,633]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="111 - 145" refId="ref63133" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1955) [" 1954 "]) The ant larvae of the myrmicine tribes Basicerotini and Dacetini. Psyche, Cambridge, 61, 111 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1954 / 49606" type="journal article" year="1955">Wheeler & Wheeler 1955: 112–113</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(larva description);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFD4EFDFA853FD927" author="Brown, W. L. Jr. & Kempf, W. W." box="[726,1060,609,633]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="161 - 250" refId="ref61211" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. & Kempf, W. W. (1960) A world revision of the ant tribe Basicerotini (Hym. Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, New Series, 3, 161 - 250." type="journal article" year="1960">Brown & Kempf 1960: 171–172</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(description of the worker and gyne diagnosis);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFEA4FD1B80F6D9C6" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[316,493,640,664]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref61175" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1974) A supplement to the revision of the ant genus Basiceros. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 82, 131 - 140." type="journal article" year="1974">Brown 1974: 132</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(worker, gyne, and larva diagnosis; male description; distribution and biology);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFA80FD1B803BD9E8" author="Bolton, B." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref60848" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BC46F0D0FF8DE35CFA80FD1B8446D9C6" box="[1304,1373,640,664]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
2003: 183–184
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(taxonomic background).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8DE35CFF0FFD268461D98B" blockId="9.[151,1437,363,786]" box="[151,1402,701,725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5E92191CFF8DE35CFF0FFD268461D98B" box="[151,1402,701,725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFF0FFD268081D98B" author="Weber, N. A." box="[151,410,701,725]" page="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1950">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFF0FFD268081D98B" authority="Weber 1950: 3" authorityName=", Weber" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,410,701,725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aspididris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFF0FFD2681E4D98B" box="[151,255,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aspididris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFE9DFD268081D98B" author="Weber, N. A." box="[261,410,701,725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref63098" refString="Weber, N. A. (1950) New Trinidad Myrmicinae, with a note on Basiceros Schulz (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). American Museum Novitates, 1465, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1950">Weber 1950: 3</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFE31FD268300D98B" ID-CoL="5WCW5" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[425,539,701,725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFE31FD268300D98B" box="[425,539,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="A1398090FF8DE35CFDBFFD268348D98B" box="[551,595,701,725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species by monotypy), junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFB9EFD2585A3D98B" ID-CoL="38DB" authority="Schulz" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[1030,1208,701,725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFB9EFD258572D98B" box="[1030,1129,702,725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
Schulz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFB59FD26846DD98B" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1217,1398,701,725]" page="132" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1974">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFB59FD26846DD98B" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1217,1398,701,725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref61175" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1974) A supplement to the revision of the ant genus Basiceros. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 82, 131 - 140." type="journal article" year="1974">Brown 1974: 132</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8DE35CFF0FFD478053D84C" blockId="9.[151,1437,363,786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5E92191CFF8DE35CFF0FFD478053D84C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFF0FFD4780CDD9AA" ID-CoL="3VH4" authority="Brown 1949: 89" authorityName="Brown" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,470,732,756]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Creightonidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFF0FFD478030D9AA" box="[151,299,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Creightonidris</emphasis>
|
||
Brown 1949: 89
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFE7CFD47838DD9AA" ID-CoL="6BDWH" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1949" box="[484,662,732,756]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Creightonidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scambognatha">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFE7CFD47838DD9AA" box="[484,662,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. scambognatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="A1398090FF8DE35CFD3AFD4783D5D9AA" box="[674,718,732,756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species by monotypy), junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFBE7FD47842AD9AA" ID-CoL="38DB" authority="Schulz" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[1151,1329,732,756]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFBE7FD4785F9D9AD" box="[1151,1250,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
Schulz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FF231823FF8DE35CFAA3FD47805FD84C" author="Feitosa, R. M. & Brandao, C. R. F. & Dietz, B. H." page="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFAA3FD47805FD84C" author="Feitosa, R. M. & Brandao, C. R. F. & Dietz, B. H." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref61759" refString="Feitosa, R. M., Brandao, C. R. F. & Dietz, B. H. (2007) Basiceros scambognathus (Brown, 1949) n. comb., with the first worker and male descriptions, and a revised generic diagnosis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 47 (2), 15 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0031 - 10492007000200001" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Feitosa
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFA12FD4781C0D84C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007: 33
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36986DB9FF8DE35EFF0FFCDB85B3DA1F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8DE35CFF0FFCDB8486DF08" blockId="9.[151,1437,832,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFF0FFCDB800FD804" bold="true" box="[151,276,832,858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
The workers and gynes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFDD0FCDA83AED804" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[584,693,833,858]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFDD0FCDA83AED804" box="[584,693,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are differentiated from the other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFB7CFCDA844AD804" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[1252,1361,833,858]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFB7CFCDA844AD804" box="[1252,1361,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-genus group by the combination of body size (the largest within this group), antennae with 12 segments, presence of hairs on the postpetiolar sternite, basimandibular seta, and body pilosity (usually composed of a double layer of specialized hairs). Males can be distinguished by the combination of the twisted antennae, mandible shape, petiole and postpetiole shape in dorsal view, pattern of wing venation, and mesopleuron sculpture. The most important morphological characters to distinguish between workers/gynes of different
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8DE35CFC59FC6E859CDF50" box="[961,1159,1012,1038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFC59FC6E8535DF50" box="[961,1070,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the head and labrum shapes, mesosoma profile in lateral view, and the pattern of specialized pilosity. For males, head and mandible shape, mesosoma in anterior view, shape of petiolar node in lateral view, and mesopleuron sculpture are important.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8DE35CFF5FFBFB845ADD80" blockId="9.[151,1437,832,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFF5FFBFB809DDF24" bold="true" box="[199,390,1120,1146]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Caste diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFE13FBFB80C7DF24" box="[395,476,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Worker</emphasis>
|
||
. Comparatively medium-sized ants (TL:
|
||
<quantity id="B97A93D7FF8DE35CFC3FFBFB855EDF25" box="[935,1093,1120,1147]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="6.6" valueMax="8.7" valueMin="4.5">4.5 to 8.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Color amber-yellow to black. Integument thick, usually densely sculptured: punctuate/foveate (or a combination of both) or rugose. Pilosity conspicuous and generally specialized; erect setae from sparse to abundant, usually clavate; subdecumbent pilosity sparse to abundant, squamiform, spatulate-clavate or plumose. Labrum shape variable, either long and cuneiform and bilobed apically or somewhat lunate with a rounded distal margin (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFC47FB6B85BCDE55" author="Probst, R. S. & Wray, B. D. & Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F." box="[991,1191,1264,1291]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref62641" refString="Probst, R. S., Wray, B. D., Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F. (2019) A phylogenetic analysis of the dirt ants, Basiceros (Formicidae: Myrmicinae): inferring life histories through morphological convergence. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 3 (4), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixz 013" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Probst
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFBB5FB6A8544DE54" box="[1069,1119,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8DE35CFB2AFB6B840DDE55" box="[1202,1302,1264,1291]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1710,1734]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox-0="[384,1203,181,1686]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1432,921,1649]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@8.[384,1203,181,1686]" captionTargetId-1="figure-348@14.[156,1432,921,1649]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Morphological measurements of Basiceros species; A. lateral view of worker and B. dorsal view of alate gyne of B. conjugans (MCZ546461, Peru: 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado), EL: Eye Length, PDL: Pedicel Length, AFL: Apical Flagellomere Length, ML: Mesosoma Length (= Weber’s Length), MTL: Metatibia Length, PTH: Petiole Height, PTL: Petiole Length, PPL: Postpetiole Length, MSL: Mesoscutum Length, MSW: Mesoscutum Width, MLL: Mesoscutellum Length, MLW: Mesoscutellum Width, MFL: Metafemur Length, PTW: Petiole Width, PPW: Postpetiole Width, GW: Width of gaster. C. full-face view of Basiceros browni sp. nov., paratype worker (MZSP, Ecuador: Pichincha, Otongachi), HL: Head Length, HL2: Head Length 2, HW1: Head Width 1, MdL: Mandible length, SL1: Scape Length 1, SL2: Scape Length 2, FuL: Funiculus Length. D. full-face view of male of B. manni (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia), HW2: Head Width 2, LOD: Lateral Ocellus Length, MOD: Median Ocellus Length, OOD: Oculo-ocellar distance, A3L: Antennomere 3 Length. Figures not to scale." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Basiceros browni sp. nov., holotype worker (MCZ, Ecuador: Los Ríos); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, and C. dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605967" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605969" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6605967/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6605969/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
), labral surfaces with specialized setae (probably with sensorial role) along its distal margin and sometimes in the ventral margin. Head trapezoidal, oblong or posteriorly disc-shaped; lateral and vertexal margins distinctly visible: rounded, angulate or as a continuously or medially emarginated crest along the posterior margin. Mandibles triangular or subtriangular, usually elongated; multidentate, with masticatory margin entirely opposite; apical portion straight to strongly curved ventrally; basal margin from slightly curved to conspicuously concave, clypeomandibular space absent to present in varying degrees (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8DE35CFDFAFA538231DEBD" author="Probst, R. S. & Wray, B. D. & Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F." box="[610,810,1480,1507]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref62641" refString="Probst, R. S., Wray, B. D., Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F. (2019) A phylogenetic analysis of the dirt ants, Basiceros (Formicidae: Myrmicinae): inferring life histories through morphological convergence. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 3 (4), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixz 013" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Probst
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8DE35CFD28FA5283FADEBC" box="[688,737,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8DE35CFCADFA538269DEBD" box="[821,882,1480,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1242,1266]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,489,1218]" captionTargetId="figure-173@15.[155,1433,489,1218]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basiceros browni sp. nov., paratype worker (GUPC, Ecuador: Los Ríos); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, and C. dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605971/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compound eyes relatively developed. Antennae with 12 segments; scape dorsoventrally flattened, with external margin forming biangulate basal lobe followed by a crenulated lamella; antennal club moderate to conspicuous, with last two funicular segments usually distinct. Mesosoma robust or elongate; in lateral view, promesonotum continuously convex to strongly projected caudad; metanotal suture present, broad. Dorsal margin of propodeum slightly sloping upwards at its posterior portion; slope margin from slightly to abruptly oblique. Propodeum armed with triangular or tapered projections, slightly lamelliform and connected by a transverse carina usually slightly curved upwards. Petiole pedunculate; dorsal margin with rounded, low or weakly bulged node; subpetiolar process with different configurations, from absent to multidentate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8DE35FFF5FF972846DD993" blockId="9.[151,1437,832,2011]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyne. Similar to conspecific workers, with modifications peculiar to that caste. Ocelli present. In dorsal view, mesoscutum slightly elongated, anterior portion cuneiform; notauli inconspicuous to weakly marked; parapsides generally oval, shallow to deep impressed; parapsidal lines somewhat shiny and slightly conspicuous to obsolete, involved by integumental sculpture; scutoscutellar sulcus from strongly to lightly impressed; pre-scutellum narrow, central portion relatively indistinct; axillae projecting posteroventrally, curved and hook-shaped; mesoscutellum transversely subrectangular to ellipsoid, posteriorly inclined, posterior margin concave. Metanotum visible, slightly projected. Wings usually light brown; pterostigma present in the forewing, distinct and brown to dark brown. Forewing with longitudinal veins C (costa), Sc (subcosta)+R, M+Cu, 1A (anal), Rs+M, Rs (radial sector) and R1 (radius); the Sc+R vein extends from its posterior half to near the front of the pterostigma in tubular form; M+Cu with spectral basal portion and anterior half tubular; anal vein usually with anterior portion tubular; Cu usually tubular, extending posteriorly nebulously; radial sector with nebulous apical portion, not meeting R1; R1 usually reaching the most distal point of the wing margin; anterior portion of the radial sector varying in size. Vein M tubular and oblique, length variable; Rs+M straight or moderately curved, usually tubular, M (media) usually tubular in its anterior half, extending nebulously to the wing margin; Cu similar to M. Transverse veins: cu-a generally tubular, connecting the anal vein with M+Cu just after half of the anal vein, near or right after the branching point; 2r-rs tubular connecting the pterostigma near its median region to the radial sector; Rs connecting the Sc+R veins to the M and Rs+M veins and marking the breakpoint of the latter two, varied 1m-cu vein: absent as an appendage of the Rs+M vein or reaching Cu, closing the discal cell. Hindwing with longitudinal veins Sc+R, M+Cu and 1A; Sc+R briefly extends into a tubular shape after the point of connection with the M+Cu vein as the Sc+R1 vein and extends in the spectral shape to near the distal margin of the wing; anal vein usually tubular; Cu as a tubular appendage either partially or entirely spectral; Rs+M as short tubular appendix and other spectral length or absent; cu-a and 1r-rs+M transverse veins present: the first connecting the anal and M+Cu veins near the median portion of this first; the second connecting Sc+R and M+Cu near the distal portion of these veins. Five to eight submedian hamuli present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8EE35EFF5FFD4C85B3DA1F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8EE35FFF5FFD4C801AD9AF" box="[199,257,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8EE35FFEF1FD4C80CDD9AE" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[361,470,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8EE35FFEF1FD4C80CDD9AE" box="[361,470,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males are slightly smaller than conspecific gynes. Dark in color, with lighter appendages, from brown to dark brown. Integument mostly punctuate, punctuate-reticulate or foveate; some portions subopaque and slightly granulate, like the appendages; rugulae present near the head vertex, behind the compound eyes and with variable presence on the interocular space; sparse rugulae in the posterior half of the mesonotum and on the propodeum sides; mesopleuron differentially shining: either just at the mesoanepisternum with rest of the mesopleuron granulate, or much of the mesoanepisternum plus part of the mesokatepisternum shiny. Pilosity largely fine, filiform; suberect to subdecumbent, from yellow to brown. Head with maximum width close to the eye insertion; vertexal margin convex; cephalic capsule projected posteriorly, forming a variable conspicuous neck; occipital margin lamelliform and longitudinally costulate, varying in relation to the shape of the head (piriform or subpiriform). Compound eyes convex and prominent, ocelli protruding forming a cephalic crest in different degrees. Mandibles developed, triangular; external margins convex, curving apically; masticatory margins with 9–14 subtriangular teeth; basal margins with morphology similar to that of conspecific females, more or less concave with mandibles closed, leaving or not a clypeomandibular space. Clypeus ample, frontoclypeal portion slightly truncated or bulged, extending to the level of the frontal lobes; anterolateral portion depressed, concave; anterior margin lamellar, yellowish or slightly translucent, straight or medially concave medium, laterally rounded. Frontal area variably distinct, semicircular or transverse; slightly rugose or with a frons carina which extends more or less posteriorly towards the median ocellus. Frontal lobes salient, free margins sharply rounded in front; antennae inserted into their ventral face. Antennal scrobes deep and ellipsoid, delimited by a crenulate border and advancing to the lateral clypeal area. Postgenal carina continuous or almost continuous, irregular, extending from the posterolateral corner of the head to the mandibular insertion.Antennae long and filiform, with 13 segments. Scape short, about twice as long as wide; basal margin oblique and sharply rounded to the external margin, obtuse angle in the inner margin; apex truncated.Antennomeres 2 and 3 approximately half the length of scape; other funicular segments longer than wide; apical segment longer; antennal segments 8 and 9 slightly or conspicuously twisted, causing the antenna to appear to be twisted around its axis to varying degrees. Mesosoma robust, more or less elongated; pronotum anteriorly divided or not in two distinct portions; mesoscutum like conspecific gynes, presenting a longitudinal carina anteromedially, more or less distinct. Notauli complete, shallow or deeply impressed, extending after their converging point in variable fashion towards the scutoscutellar sulcus. Parapsides generally deeply marked, more or less oval; parapsidal lines shiny and distinct. Axillae projected as in the conspecific gynes, hook-shaped. Mesoscutellum in dorsal view shaped like an inverted “U”, posterior margin concave. Propodeum with posterior angles projected, projections either obtuse or slightly triangular, divided by strong transversal carina. Propodeal lobes auriculate. Metanotum narrow, medially projected. Petiole with morphology similar to conspecific females; petiolar spiracles projected laterad in the median portion of peduncle. Gaster in dorsal view with five visible segments. Genitalia (after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8EE35FFBFEF8A88427DC13" author="Feitosa, R. M. & Brandao, C. R. F. & Dietz, B. H." box="[1126,1340,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="15 - 26" refId="ref61759" refString="Feitosa, R. M., Brandao, C. R. F. & Dietz, B. H. (2007) Basiceros scambognathus (Brown, 1949) n. comb., with the first worker and male descriptions, and a revised generic diagnosis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 47 (2), 15 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0031 - 10492007000200001" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Feitosa
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8EE35FFB26F8A885EBDC13" box="[1214,1264,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): genital capsule slender; parameres slightly enlarged, strongly rounded and with tips curved inward; in lateral view, abruptly narrowed toward the apex, volsella with the general pattern observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8EE35FFC24F8E0855EDCCB" box="[956,1093,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmicinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
males; pygidium and subgenital segments with apical portion slightly narrow and rounded. Legs slender; calcar of strigil short and pectinate, present only on prolegs. Brownish wings; forewings with venation similar to conspecific gynes (varying regarding the length of transversal vein 1m-cu, that can be present as a short appendage on males and absent on gynes), with the following configuration: absent, obsolete (as a short appendage to Rs+M) or complete, closing the discal cell. Hindwings with tubular longitudinal veins Sc+R; M+Cu and 1A (anal), the former branching to short vein SC+R1 after the abscissa of Sc+R and M+Cu; Rs+M present as a short appendage after the abscissa of Sc+R and M+Cu. Anal vein short, apex slightly curved upwards, meeting cu-a; 4–8 submedian hamuli present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36986DB9FF8FE35EFF5FFED183FCDEC3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF5FFED1859ADAAB" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF5FFED1807ADA3A" bold="true" box="[199,353,330,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus has a restricted Neotropical distribution. The northernmost record comes from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06957EA2FF8FE35EFAFBFED081CFDAD7" name="Honduras" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFE99FEF4807DDAD6" authorityName="Brown e Kempf" authorityYear="1960" box="[257,358,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manni">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFE99FEF4807DDAD6" box="[257,358,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. manni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the southernmost record from the State of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BC46F0D0FF8FE35EFCD0FEF48502DAD7" box="[840,1049,367,393]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06957EA2FF8FE35EFBBCFEF48570DAD7" box="[1060,1131,367,393]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFB05FEF4840EDAD7" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1181,1301,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disciger">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFB05FEF4840EDAD7" box="[1181,1301,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. disciger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In terms of elevation, collection information of examined specimens suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFC21FE08853DDAF2" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[953,1062,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFC21FE08853DDAF2" box="[953,1062,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might peak its abundance at low and medium elevation—supported by the absence of specimens in collections from high-elevation forests (>
|
||
<quantity id="B97A93D7FF8FE35EFADCFE2D848FDA8F" box="[1348,1428,438,465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
|
||
) and studies focusing on ant diversity along altitudinal gradients (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFC3BFE40856EDAAB" author="Scott-Santos, C. P." box="[931,1141,475,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref62829" refString="Scott-Santos, C. P. (2008) Distribuicao e diversidade de formigas de serapilheira (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ao longo de um gradiente elevacional no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - Nucleo Picinguaba, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Instituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo (IB / USP), Sao Paulo, 66 pp." type="book" year="2008">Scott-Santos 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF5FFE6485EFD9F7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF5FFE648090D946" bold="true" box="[199,395,510,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
The scarce information from the literature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFCEFFE64851FD947" author="Weber, N. A." box="[887,1028,510,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref63098" refString="Weber, N. A. (1950) New Trinidad Myrmicinae, with a note on Basiceros Schulz (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). American Museum Novitates, 1465, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1950">Weber 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFB97FE648585D947" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1039,1182,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref61175" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1974) A supplement to the revision of the ant genus Basiceros. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 82, 131 - 140." type="journal article" year="1974">Brown 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFB31FE6481CBD960" author="Holldobler, B. & Wilson, E. O." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="12 - 20" refId="ref61910" refString="Holldobler, B. & Wilson, E. O. (1986). Soil-binding pilosity and camouflage in ants of the tribes Basicerotini and Stegomyrmecini. Zoomorphology, 106, 12 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00311942" type="journal article" year="1986">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) mention the dirt ants as being cryptic, with slow-moving habits, and presenting thanatosis when disturbed. Apparently, no recruitment has been recorded, and workers forage solitarily. As far as it is known,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFB7AFDDC8454D93E" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[1250,1359,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFB7AFDDC8454D93E" box="[1250,1359,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not excavate nests, and their colonies are usually found in leaf litter interstices, occupying soil cavities, hollow or rotten logs, seedpods, or preferably in areas with superficial root system or close to the base of large trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF5FFD2883A1D803" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Little is known about its colonial structure (nests usually have ~50–100 individuals); collection records suggested that some species may be polygynic. Intercastes are reported for the first time in the present study. The unique morphology and the usually dense layer of soil and litter particles covering the integument of some species suggest that the dirt ants have a dietary preference—situation reinforced by an impressive morphological variation on the mouthparts across the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFE7AFCD883B4D803" author="Probst, R. S. & Wray, B. D. & Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F." box="[482,687,835,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref62641" refString="Probst, R. S., Wray, B. D., Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F. (2019) A phylogenetic analysis of the dirt ants, Basiceros (Formicidae: Myrmicinae): inferring life histories through morphological convergence. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 3 (4), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixz 013" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Probst
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFDABFCD8837FD803" box="[563,612,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFC11809ED8FA" blockId="11.[151,389,906,932]" box="[151,389,906,932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFC11809ED8FA" bold="true" box="[151,389,906,932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taxonomic synopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFC488397D8B3" blockId="11.[151,835,979,1329]" box="[151,652,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFF0FFC488330D8B3" authority="Probst & Brandao" authorityName="Probst & Brandao" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,555,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFC488041D8B3" box="[151,346,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Basiceros browni</emphasis>
|
||
Probst & Brandão
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFDAAFC488397D8B3" bold="true" box="[562,652,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57C55F5BFF8FE35EFDAAFC488397D8B3" box="[562,652,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFC6C80A7DF4F" blockId="11.[151,835,979,1329]" box="[151,444,1015,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFF0FFC6C80A7DF4F" authority="Brown 1974" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,444,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjugans">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFC6C8032DF4E" box="[151,297,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. conjugans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFEA8FC6C80A7DF4F" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[304,444,1015,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="131 - 140" refId="ref61175" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1974) A supplement to the revision of the ant genus Basiceros. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 82, 131 - 140." type="journal article" year="1974">Brown 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFB8080C8DF6B" blockId="11.[151,835,979,1329]" box="[151,467,1051,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFF0FFB8080C8DF6B" authority="(Mayr 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[151,467,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFB808026DF6A" box="[151,317,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. convexiceps</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFED4FB8080D1DF6B" author="Mayr, G." box="[332,458,1051,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="511 - 632" refId="ref62349" refString="Mayr, G. (1887) Sudamerikanische Formiciden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 37, 511 - 632." type="journal article" year="1887">Mayr 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFBA480BDDF07" blockId="11.[151,835,979,1329]" box="[151,422,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFF0FFBA480BDDF07" authority="(Mayr 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[151,422,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disciger">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFBA4800BDF07" box="[151,272,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. disciger</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFE87FBA48086DF07" author="Mayr, G." box="[287,413,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="511 - 632" refId="ref62349" refString="Mayr, G. (1887) Sudamerikanische Formiciden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 37, 511 - 632." type="journal article" year="1887">Mayr 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFBF8831BDF23" blockId="11.[151,835,979,1329]" box="[151,512,1123,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFF0FFBF8831BDF23" authority="Brown & Kempf 1960" authorityName="Brown & Kempf" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,512,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manni">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFBF881E7DF22" box="[151,252,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. manni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFE9BFBF8831BDF23" author="Brown, W. L. Jr. & Kempf, W. W." box="[259,512,1123,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="161 - 250" refId="ref61211" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. & Kempf, W. W. (1960) A world revision of the ant tribe Basicerotini (Hym. Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, New Series, 3, 161 - 250." type="journal article" year="1960">Brown & Kempf 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFB1C80ADDFFF" blockId="11.[151,835,979,1329]" box="[151,438,1158,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFF0FFB1C80ADDFFF" authority="(Weber 1950)" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[151,438,1158,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFB1C800EDFFF" box="[151,277,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. militaris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFEBBFB1C80B5DFFF" author="Weber, N. A." box="[291,430,1158,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref63098" refString="Weber, N. A. (1950) New Trinidad Myrmicinae, with a note on Basiceros Schulz (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). American Museum Novitates, 1465, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1950">Weber 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFB308258DF9B" blockId="11.[151,835,979,1329]" box="[151,835,1195,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFF0FFB3080C3DF9B" authority="(Donisthorpe 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Donisthorpe" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[151,472,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="redux">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFB3081EEDF9B" box="[151,245,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. redux</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFE9BFB3080CBDF9B" author="Donisthorpe, H." box="[259,464,1195,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="152 - 154" refId="ref61514" refString="Donisthorpe, H. (1939) Descriptions of several species of ants (Hymenoptera) taken by Dr. O. W. Richards in British Guiana. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, 8, 152 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1939. tb 00638. x" type="journal article" year="1939">Donisthorpe 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFE6EFB3083CDDF9B" authorityName="Probst & Brandão" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Probst & Brandão" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[502,726,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Octostruma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reducta" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFE6EFB3083CDDF9B" box="[502,726,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Octostruma reducta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFD45FB308258DF9B" bold="true" box="[733,835,1195,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57C55F5BFF8FE35EFD45FB308258DF9B" box="[733,835,1195,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFB548312DFB7" blockId="11.[151,835,979,1329]" box="[151,521,1231,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFF0FFB548312DFB7" authority="(Brown 1949)" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[151,521,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scambognathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFB54807FDFB7" box="[151,356,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. scambognathus</emphasis>
|
||
(Brown 1949)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFB6880D9DE53" blockId="11.[151,835,979,1329]" box="[151,450,1266,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFF0FFB6880D9DE53" authority="(Smith 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[151,450,1266,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Meranoplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFB68803DDE53" box="[151,294,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. singularis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF8FE35EFEADFB6880A1DE53" author="Smith, F." box="[309,442,1266,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref62892" refString="Smith, F. (1858) Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. British Museum, London, 216 pp." type="book" year="1858">Smith 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFA8C83AADE6F" blockId="11.[151,835,979,1329]" box="[151,689,1303,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFF0FFA8C834BDE6F" authority="Probst & Brandao" authorityName="Probst & Brandao" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,592,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumucumaquensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFA8C8064DE6E" box="[151,383,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. tumucumaquensis</emphasis>
|
||
Probst & Brandão
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFDCFFA8C83AADE6F" bold="true" box="[599,689,1303,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57C55F5BFF8FE35EFDCFFA8C83AADE6F" box="[599,689,1303,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFA1983FCDEC3" blockId="11.[151,743,1410,1437]" box="[151,743,1410,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFF0FFA1983FCDEC3" bold="true" box="[151,743,1410,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Identification key for female castes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFDEAFA1883FCDEC3" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[626,743,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFDEAFA1883FCDEC3" bold="true" box="[626,743,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36986DB9FF8FE359FF0FFA538487D9FE" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="key">
|
||
<key id="0A136903FF8FE359FF0FFA538487D9FE" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF8FE35EFF0FFA538487DEA4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFA538487DE83" blockId="11.[151,1437,1480,2030]" box="[151,1436,1480,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF8FE35EFF0FFA538487DE83" box="[151,1436,1480,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
1. Head with round vertexal margin, either presenting a medially emarginate or continuous crest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFBE9FA5385D3DE83" box="[1137,1224,1480,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,885,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-311@29.[154,1433,885,1620]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 11. Basiceros disciger, worker (MZSP, Brazil: São Paulo); A. full-face view, B. lateral view. C. dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B–C =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605989/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFB6FFA53843ADE80" box="[1271,1313,1480,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1542,1566]" captionTargetBox="[148,1439,741,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-261@43.[148,1439,741,1519]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 17. Basiceros militaris, worker (CASENT0280778, Ecuador: Tiputini); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view. Image by Estella Ortega (CAS), edited." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6606003/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
)........ 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FFA7E8487DEA4" blockId="11.[151,1437,1480,2030]" box="[151,1436,1509,1531]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF8FE35EFF0FFA7E8487DEA4" box="[151,1436,1509,1531]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Vertexal margin continuously or moderately concave, crest absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFCFFFA7E82A2DEA5" box="[871,953,1509,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,921,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-328@36.[190,1397,921,1592]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 13. Basiceros manni, worker (CASENT0914888, Costa Rica: Heredia); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view. Images by Michele Esposito (CAS)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605993/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................................... 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF8FE35EFF0FF9998487DD31" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FF9998487DD6B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1480,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF8FE35EFF0FF9998487DD6B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
2. In full-face view, crest converging medially, emarginate. Sulcus interrupted by median vertexal convexity (South America, widely distributed) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFE3DF9BB830ADD68" box="[421,529,1568,1590]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 11" captionStart-1="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="29.[151,250,1643,1667]" captionStartId-1="30.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1433,885,1620]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,849,1663]" captionTargetId-0="figure-311@29.[154,1433,885,1620]" captionTargetId-1="figure-325@30.[164,1423,849,1663]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionText-0="FIGURE 11. Basiceros disciger, worker (MZSP, Brazil: São Paulo); A. full-face view, B. lateral view. C. dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B–C =1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 12. Basiceros disciger, gyne and male (MZSP, Brazil: São Paulo); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605989" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605991" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6605989/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6605991/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 11–12</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFAACF9BB8487DD6B" ID-CoL="68D7M" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1332,1436,1568,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disciger">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFAACF9BB8487DD6B" box="[1332,1436,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. disciger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FF9A68487DD31" blockId="11.[151,1437,1480,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF8FE35EFF0FF9A68487DD31" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- In full-face view, vertexal crest continuous, separated by a broad uninterrupted sulcus (Central and N South America) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFAEAF9A68004DD2E" captionStart-0="FIGURE 17" captionStart-1="FIGURE 18" captionStart-2="FIGURE 19" captionStart-3="FIGURE 20" captionStartId-0="43.[151,250,1542,1566]" captionStartId-1="44.[151,250,1390,1414]" captionStartId-2="45.[151,250,1837,1861]" captionStartId-3="47.[151,250,1254,1278]" captionTargetBox-0="[148,1439,741,1519]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,525,1366]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1431,561,1814]" captionTargetBox-3="[157,1429,273,1230]" captionTargetId-0="figure-261@43.[148,1439,741,1519]" captionTargetId-1="figure-155@44.[151,1436,525,1366]" captionTargetId-2="figure-160@45.[156,1431,561,1814]" captionTargetId-3="figure-52@47.[157,1429,273,1230]" captionTargetPageId-0="43" captionTargetPageId-1="44" captionTargetPageId-2="45" captionTargetPageId-3="47" captionText-0="FIGURE 17. Basiceros militaris, worker (CASENT0280778, Ecuador: Tiputini); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view. Image by Estella Ortega (CAS), edited." captionText-1="FIGURE 18. Basiceros militaris, gyne (MCZ, Trinidad & Tobago: Arima Valley) and male (MCZ, Trinidad & Tobago: St. Andrew); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 19. Basiceros militaris, type-series (all intercastes)—holotype (AMNH, Trinidad & Tobago: Nariva Swamp) and paratypes (MCZ 28746, same locality as holotype); A, D, G. full-face view, B, E, H. lateral view, C, F, I. dorsal view. Inset on A highlights ocelli. Scale bars: A, D, G = 0.5 mm, others = 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 20. Basiceros militaris, lateral view of intercastes. A. (MZSP) Brazil: Rondônia, B. (MZSP) Brazil: Pará, C. (MCZ 534522) Trinidad & Tobago: Arima Valley, D. (MCZ) Trinidad & Tobago: St. Andrew, Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606003" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606007" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606009" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606011" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6606003/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6606007/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6606009/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6606011/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 17–20</figureCitation>
|
||
).....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFAA8F9C08487DD31" ID-CoL="5WCW5" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1328,1436,1626,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFAA8F9C08487DD31" box="[1328,1436,1626,1648]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF8FE35EFF0FF9E38487DDBB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FF9E38487DDF5" blockId="11.[151,1437,1480,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF8FE35EFF0FF9E38487DDF5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
3. Mandibles triangular, apices not abruptly curved ventrally, external margins convex in their basal portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFB7FF9E3842FDDD3" box="[1255,1332,1656,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,309,984]" captionTargetId="figure-81@24.[152,1435,309,984]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Basiceros convexiceps, worker (MZSP, Brazil: São Paulo); A. full-face view, B. lateral view; C. dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B–C =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605981/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFAFCF9E3848ADDD0" box="[1380,1425,1656,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1195,1219]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,1171]" captionTargetId="figure-126@57.[155,1432,417,1171]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 23. Basiceros singularis, worker (CASENT0914890, Ecuador: Napo); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view. Images by Michele Esposito (CAS), edited." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6606017/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">23A</figureCitation>
|
||
); basidorsal sulcus absent................................................................................ 5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FF9288487DDBB" blockId="11.[151,1437,1480,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF8FE35EFF0FF9288487DDBB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Mandibles subtriangular, apices strongly curved ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFC80F9298269DD99" box="[792,882,1714,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,993,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-355@51.[154,1434,993,1768]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 21. Basiceros scambognathus, worker (ANTWEB1032521, Brazil: Espírito Santo); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.7 mm, B–C =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6606013/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 21C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFCE5F92982BDDD96" box="[893,934,1714,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="66.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,489,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-129@66.[155,1433,489,1689]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 27. Basiceros tumucumaquensis sp. nov. paratype worker (MZSP, CASENT0647158, Brazil: Amapá); A. full-face view, D. dorsal view, E. lateral view. Labrum from non-type worker (MZSP, Brazil: Rondônia); B. dorsal view and C. ventral view; lo: lateral lobe, black arrow: specialized seta on anterior margin. Crossed arrows give the orientation: a, anterior; p, posterior. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, D–E =1 mm, B–C = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6606027/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">27E</figureCitation>
|
||
), external margins subparallel in their basal portion; basidorsal sulcus present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFE45F94B8322DDBB" box="[477,569,1744,1766]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,993,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-355@51.[154,1434,993,1768]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 21. Basiceros scambognathus, worker (ANTWEB1032521, Brazil: Espírito Santo); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.7 mm, B–C =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6606013/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 21A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFDDBF94B8391DDB8" box="[579,650,1744,1766]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1148,1172]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1125]" captionTargetId="figure-81@65.[151,1436,345,1125]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 26. Basiceros tumucumaquensis sp. nov. holotype worker (MZSP, CASENT0647157, Brazil: Amapá); mandibles in A. dorsal view, B. oblique view, C. lateral view, D. ventral view, highlighting ventrolabrum, E. dorsal view, F. lateral view, G. full-face view, H. oblique view of head and pronotum. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–F = 1 mm, G–H = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6606025/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">26A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
)............................................................... 4
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF8FE35EFF0FF9768487DC29" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FF9768487DC63" blockId="11.[151,1437,1480,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF8FE35EFF0FF9768487DC63" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
4. Head pilosity majorly composed of decumbent and squamiform hairs. Mandibles with basal portion covered with squamiform hairs; basal angle of mandibles right-angled, region indistinctly translucent. Surface of antennal scrobes completely sculptured, rugo-punctuate (South America, mainly
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06957EA2FF8FE35EFDFDF8B383BADC60" box="[613,673,1832,1854]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFD2CF8B38239DC60" box="[692,802,1832,1854]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="51.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionStartId-1="52.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1427,993,1768]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1437,705,1557]" captionTargetId-0="figure-355@51.[154,1434,993,1768]" captionTargetId-1="figure-253@52.[151,1437,705,1557]" captionTargetPageId-0="51" captionTargetPageId-1="52" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Basiceros scambognathus, worker (ANTWEB1032521, Brazil: Espírito Santo); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.7 mm, B–C =1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Basiceros scambognathus, gyne (MZSP, Brazil: Minas Gerais); male (CASENT0914889, Brazil: Rondônia; images by Michele Esposito [CAS], edited); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B–C =1 mm, D = 0.2 mm, E–F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606013" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606015" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6606013/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6606015/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 21–22</figureCitation>
|
||
)....................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFB74F8B38487DC63" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1260,1436,1832,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scambognathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFB74F8B38487DC63" box="[1260,1436,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. scambognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FF8DE8487DC29" blockId="11.[151,1437,1480,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF8FE35EFF0FF8DE8487DC29" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- Squamiform pilosity on head restricted to clypeal surface. Basal angle of mandibles broadly round, strongly translucent. Antennal scrobes matte, finely strigulate (N and NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06957EA2FF8FE35EFD3FF8F983F8DC26" box="[679,739,1890,1912]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFD6FF8F9827EDC26" box="[759,869,1890,1912]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 26" captionStart-1="FIGURE 27" captionStartId-0="65.[151,250,1148,1172]" captionStartId-1="66.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,345,1125]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1433,489,1689]" captionTargetId-0="figure-81@65.[151,1436,345,1125]" captionTargetId-1="figure-129@66.[155,1433,489,1689]" captionTargetPageId-0="65" captionTargetPageId-1="66" captionText-0="FIGURE 26. Basiceros tumucumaquensis sp. nov. holotype worker (MZSP, CASENT0647157, Brazil: Amapá); mandibles in A. dorsal view, B. oblique view, C. lateral view, D. ventral view, highlighting ventrolabrum, E. dorsal view, F. lateral view, G. full-face view, H. oblique view of head and pronotum. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm, E–F = 1 mm, G–H = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 27. Basiceros tumucumaquensis sp. nov. paratype worker (MZSP, CASENT0647158, Brazil: Amapá); A. full-face view, D. dorsal view, E. lateral view. Labrum from non-type worker (MZSP, Brazil: Rondônia); B. dorsal view and C. ventral view; lo: lateral lobe, black arrow: specialized seta on anterior margin. Crossed arrows give the orientation: a, anterior; p, posterior. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, D–E =1 mm, B–C = 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606025" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606027" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6606025/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6606027/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 26–27</figureCitation>
|
||
)......................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF8FE35EFB1BF8F88451DC26" authority="Probst & Brandão, 2022" authorityName="Probst & Brandão" authorityYear="2022" box="[1155,1354,1891,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumucumaquensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFB1BF8F88451DC26" box="[1155,1354,1891,1912]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. tumucumaquensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF8FE35EFAC8F8F98487DC29" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1890,1911]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57C55F5BFF8FE35EFAC8F8F98487DC29" box="[1360,1436,1890,1911]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF8FE359FF0FF8E48487DB94" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE35EFF0FF8E48487DC8E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1480,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF8FE35EFF0FF8E48487DC8E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
5. In dorsal view, vertexal corners round; vertexal margin with short and clavate hairs. In full-face view, clypeomandibular space narrow, much shorter than half the maximum length of the clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFC1FF80682CBDCED" box="[903,976,1949,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,777,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-265@17.[155,1432,777,1506]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Basiceros conjugans, holotype worker (MCZ 32179, Ecuador: Limoncocha); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, and C. dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B–C = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605973/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specialized pilosity on mesosoma and gaster sparse (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF8FE35EFEB2F8218074DC8E" box="[298,367,1978,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,777,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-265@17.[155,1432,777,1506]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Basiceros conjugans, holotype worker (MCZ 32179, Ecuador: Limoncocha); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, and C. dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B–C = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605973/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................................................................................... 6
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF8FE359FF0FF8438487DB94" blockId="11.[151,1437,1480,2030]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,672]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF8FE359FF0FF8438487DB94" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
- In dorsal view, vertex corners angulate; vertexal margin with long and clubber hairs in its apical portion. In full-face view, clypeomandibular space wide, longer than half the maximum length of the clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FB99FF0C8553DBF0" box="[1025,1096,151,174]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,921,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-348@14.[156,1432,921,1649]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Basiceros browni sp. nov., holotype worker (MCZ, Ecuador: Los Ríos); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, and C. dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605969/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specialized pilosity on mesosoma and gaster dense (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FE15FF2E80CADB95" box="[397,465,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,921,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-348@14.[156,1432,921,1649]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Basiceros browni sp. nov., holotype worker (MCZ, Ecuador: Los Ríos); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, and C. dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605969/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).............................................................................. 7
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF88E359FF0FFF498487DA03" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFF498486DA5B" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFF498486DA5B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
6. Pilosity on petiolar node, postpetiole, and lateral margin of propodeum dense, whitish, and squamiform. Subpetiolar process composed of denticles varying in shape and number (N South America) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FC06FF7482EFDA5B" box="[926,1012,239,261]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="17.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1544,1568]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1432,777,1506]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,561,1520]" captionTargetId-0="figure-265@17.[155,1432,777,1506]" captionTargetId-1="figure-199@18.[151,1435,561,1520]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Basiceros conjugans, holotype worker (MCZ 32179, Ecuador: Limoncocha); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, and C. dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B–C = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Basiceros conjugans, paratypes gyne and male (MCZ 546463, Ecuador: Limoncocha), Ecuador: Limoncocha); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605973" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605977" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6605973/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6605977/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
).......................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FA87FF6B8486DA5B" ID-CoL="5WD7M" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1974" box="[1311,1437,240,261]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjugans">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FA87FF6B8486DA5B" box="[1311,1437,240,261]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. conjugans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFE968487DA03" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFE968487DA03" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation id="CEEA346FFF88E359FF7AFE968487DA03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4029332348" location="Brazilian Atlantic Forest" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
|
||
Pilosity on the petiolar node, postpetiole, and lateral margin of the propodeum sparse. Subpetiolar process consisting of a single ventral process located in the anterior portion of the peduncle (
|
||
<location id="7B5D68E9FF88E359FCA4FEB18537DA1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F62B8F24FF8DE359FF0FFEBC8267DDCC:7B5D68E9FF88E359FCA4FEB18537DA1E" box="[828,1068,298,320]" name="Brazilian Atlantic Forest" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Brazilian Atlantic Forest</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BC46F0D0FF88E359FBAEFEB185D9DA1E" box="[1078,1218,298,320]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BC46F0D0FF88E359FB79FEB18401DA1E" box="[1249,1306,298,320]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FAB6FEB18498DA1E" box="[1326,1411,298,320]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="24.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionStartId-1="25.[151,250,934,958]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1435,309,984]" captionTargetBox-1="[150,1437,237,910]" captionTargetId-0="figure-81@24.[152,1435,309,984]" captionTargetId-1="figure-53@25.[150,1437,237,910]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Basiceros convexiceps, worker (MZSP, Brazil: São Paulo); A. full-face view, B. lateral view; C. dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B–C =1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Basiceros convexiceps, gyne (MZSP, Brazil: São Paulo). A. full-face view, B. lateral view; C. dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B–C =1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605981" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605985" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6605981/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6605985/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
)........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FA96FED38487DA03" ID-CoL="68CVM" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1294,1436,328,349]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FA96FED38487DA03" box="[1294,1436,328,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. convexiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF88E359FF0FFEFE8487DAB1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFEFE8487DAC9" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFEFE8487DAC9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
7. In full face view, external margins of mandibles continuously curved from base to apex. Frontoclypeal surface smooth and shiny or slightly shagreened. Labrum lunate, anterior margin rounded (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF88E359FC28FE198540DAC9" author="Probst, R. S. & Wray, B. D. & Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F." box="[944,1115,386,408]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref62641" refString="Probst, R. S., Wray, B. D., Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F. (2019) A phylogenetic analysis of the dirt ants, Basiceros (Formicidae: Myrmicinae): inferring life histories through morphological convergence. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 3 (4), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixz 013" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Probst
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FC6BFE188505DAC9" box="[1011,1054,386,408]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FBFDFE1985A0DAC6" box="[1125,1211,386,408]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1710,1734]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox-0="[384,1203,181,1686]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1432,921,1649]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@8.[384,1203,181,1686]" captionTargetId-1="figure-348@14.[156,1432,921,1649]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Morphological measurements of Basiceros species; A. lateral view of worker and B. dorsal view of alate gyne of B. conjugans (MCZ546461, Peru: 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado), EL: Eye Length, PDL: Pedicel Length, AFL: Apical Flagellomere Length, ML: Mesosoma Length (= Weber’s Length), MTL: Metatibia Length, PTH: Petiole Height, PTL: Petiole Length, PPL: Postpetiole Length, MSL: Mesoscutum Length, MSW: Mesoscutum Width, MLL: Mesoscutellum Length, MLW: Mesoscutellum Width, MFL: Metafemur Length, PTW: Petiole Width, PPW: Postpetiole Width, GW: Width of gaster. C. full-face view of Basiceros browni sp. nov., paratype worker (MZSP, Ecuador: Pichincha, Otongachi), HL: Head Length, HL2: Head Length 2, HW1: Head Width 1, MdL: Mandible length, SL1: Scape Length 1, SL2: Scape Length 2, FuL: Funiculus Length. D. full-face view of male of B. manni (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia), HW2: Head Width 2, LOD: Lateral Ocellus Length, MOD: Median Ocellus Length, OOD: Oculo-ocellar distance, A3L: Antennomere 3 Length. Figures not to scale." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Basiceros browni sp. nov., holotype worker (MCZ, Ecuador: Los Ríos); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, and C. dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605967" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605969" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6605967/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6605969/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
), lacking cleft..... 8
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFE3B8487DAB1" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFE3B8487DAB1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- In full face view, external margin of mandibles slightly sinuous. Frontoclypeal surface finely foveate-reticulate. Labrum acute and bilobed apically, lobes separated by very narrow cleft (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF88E359FC80FE2682DEDA8C" author="Probst, R. S. & Wray, B. D. & Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F." box="[792,965,445,467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref62641" refString="Probst, R. S., Wray, B. D., Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F. (2019) A phylogenetic analysis of the dirt ants, Basiceros (Formicidae: Myrmicinae): inferring life histories through morphological convergence. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 3 (4), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixz 013" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Probst
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FCC5FE26829CDA8C" box="[861,903,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FC57FE268507DA8C" box="[975,1052,445,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[384,1203,181,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[384,1203,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological measurements of Basiceros species; A. lateral view of worker and B. dorsal view of alate gyne of B. conjugans (MCZ546461, Peru: 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado), EL: Eye Length, PDL: Pedicel Length, AFL: Apical Flagellomere Length, ML: Mesosoma Length (= Weber’s Length), MTL: Metatibia Length, PTH: Petiole Height, PTL: Petiole Length, PPL: Postpetiole Length, MSL: Mesoscutum Length, MSW: Mesoscutum Width, MLL: Mesoscutellum Length, MLW: Mesoscutellum Width, MFL: Metafemur Length, PTW: Petiole Width, PPW: Postpetiole Width, GW: Width of gaster. C. full-face view of Basiceros browni sp. nov., paratype worker (MZSP, Ecuador: Pichincha, Otongachi), HL: Head Length, HL2: Head Length 2, HW1: Head Width 1, MdL: Mandible length, SL1: Scape Length 1, SL2: Scape Length 2, FuL: Funiculus Length. D. full-face view of male of B. manni (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia), HW2: Head Width 2, LOD: Lateral Ocellus Length, MOD: Median Ocellus Length, OOD: Oculo-ocellar distance, A3L: Antennomere 3 Length. Figures not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605967/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FBD2FE268573DA8D" box="[1098,1128,445,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1242,1266]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,489,1218]" captionTargetId="figure-173@15.[155,1433,489,1218]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Basiceros browni sp. nov., paratype worker (GUPC, Ecuador: Los Ríos); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, and C. dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605971/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">4G</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06957EA2FF88E359FBE4FE2685D4DA8D" box="[1148,1231,445,467]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FB7AFE268423DA8D" box="[1250,1336,445,467]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="14.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,250,1242,1266]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1432,921,1649]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1433,489,1218]" captionTargetId-0="figure-348@14.[156,1432,921,1649]" captionTargetId-1="figure-173@15.[155,1433,489,1218]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Basiceros browni sp. nov., holotype worker (MCZ, Ecuador: Los Ríos); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, and C. dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Basiceros browni sp. nov., paratype worker (GUPC, Ecuador: Los Ríos); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, and C. dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605969" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605971" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6605969/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6605971/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
)............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FB74FE408452DAB1" authority="Probst & Brandão, 2022" authorityName="Probst & Brandão" authorityYear="2022" box="[1260,1353,474,496]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FB74FE408452DAB1" box="[1260,1353,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FAC8FE418487DAB1" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,474,495]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57C55F5BFF88E359FAC8FE418487DAB1" box="[1360,1436,474,495]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF88E359FF0FFE638487D9FE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFE638487D919" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFE638487D919" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
8. Mandible dorsum with dense squamiform hairs or irregular fovea. Clypeus with decumbent and squamiform pilosity. Distal margin of labrum convex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF88E359FE71FD8E8380D974" author="Probst, R. S. & Wray, B. D. & Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F." box="[489,667,533,555]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref62641" refString="Probst, R. S., Wray, B. D., Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F. (2019) A phylogenetic analysis of the dirt ants, Basiceros (Formicidae: Myrmicinae): inferring life histories through morphological convergence. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 3 (4), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixz 013" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Probst
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FDA8FD8E8347D974" box="[560,604,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FD3FFD8E83F7D975" box="[679,748,533,555]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[384,1203,181,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[384,1203,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological measurements of Basiceros species; A. lateral view of worker and B. dorsal view of alate gyne of B. conjugans (MCZ546461, Peru: 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado), EL: Eye Length, PDL: Pedicel Length, AFL: Apical Flagellomere Length, ML: Mesosoma Length (= Weber’s Length), MTL: Metatibia Length, PTH: Petiole Height, PTL: Petiole Length, PPL: Postpetiole Length, MSL: Mesoscutum Length, MSW: Mesoscutum Width, MLL: Mesoscutellum Length, MLW: Mesoscutellum Width, MFL: Metafemur Length, PTW: Petiole Width, PPW: Postpetiole Width, GW: Width of gaster. C. full-face view of Basiceros browni sp. nov., paratype worker (MZSP, Ecuador: Pichincha, Otongachi), HL: Head Length, HL2: Head Length 2, HW1: Head Width 1, MdL: Mandible length, SL1: Scape Length 1, SL2: Scape Length 2, FuL: Funiculus Length. D. full-face view of male of B. manni (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia), HW2: Head Width 2, LOD: Lateral Ocellus Length, MOD: Median Ocellus Length, OOD: Oculo-ocellar distance, A3L: Antennomere 3 Length. Figures not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605967/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Base of sternite of first gastral segment bearing median longitudinal elevation, generally carinate (Central and N South America,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06957EA2FF88E359FCBFFDA982EBD916" box="[807,1008,562,584]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FB9BFDA9856AD916" box="[1027,1137,562,584]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 23" captionStart-1="FIGURE 24" captionStart-2="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="57.[151,250,1195,1219]" captionStartId-1="59.[151,250,1030,1054]" captionStartId-2="60.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1432,417,1171]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1006]" captionTargetBox-2="[181,1407,181,1831]" captionTargetId-0="figure-126@57.[155,1432,417,1171]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@59.[151,1436,181,1006]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@60.[181,1407,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId-0="57" captionTargetPageId-1="59" captionTargetPageId-2="60" captionText-0="FIGURE 23. Basiceros singularis, worker (CASENT0914890, Ecuador: Napo); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view. Images by Michele Esposito (CAS), edited." captionText-1="FIGURE 24. Basiceros singularis, gyne (MCZ 534402/T2-56, Trinidad & Tobago: St. Andrew) and male (MCZ, Trinidad & Tobago: St. Andrew); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 25. Basiceros singularis intercastes from Trinidad & Tobago: St. Andrew; A–D: MCZ534402/T2-56); A. lateral view of mesosoma, white arrow pointing to wing fossa and wing trace, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view highlighting mesoscutum line (white arrow) and wing trace (black arrow), D. dorsal view; E–H: (MCZ/T2-56); E. oblique view of mesosoma, white arrow pointing to vestigial hindwing, F. lateral view, G. dorsal view highlighting rudiments of a mesoscutum (left white arrow), mesoscutellum (right white arrow), and forewing trace (black arrow), H. dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606017" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606019" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606021" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6606017/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6606019/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6606021/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 23–25</figureCitation>
|
||
)............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FABAFDA88487D919" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1314,1436,562,584]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Meranoplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FABAFDA88487D919" box="[1314,1436,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. singularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFDCB8487D9FE" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFDCB8487D9FE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- Basal portion of mandibles smooth and shiny. Clypeus covered with piligerous punctures. Distal margin of labrum with medially protruding knob (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF88E359FE2AFDF68346D9DC" author="Probst, R. S. & Wray, B. D. & Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F." box="[434,605,621,643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref62641" refString="Probst, R. S., Wray, B. D., Moreau, C. S. & Brandao, C. R. F. (2019) A phylogenetic analysis of the dirt ants, Basiceros (Formicidae: Myrmicinae): inferring life histories through morphological convergence. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 3 (4), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixz 013" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Probst
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FE6EFDF6833BD9DC" box="[502,544,621,642]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FDFEFDF683B6D9DD" box="[614,685,621,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[384,1203,181,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[384,1203,181,1686]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological measurements of Basiceros species; A. lateral view of worker and B. dorsal view of alate gyne of B. conjugans (MCZ546461, Peru: 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado), EL: Eye Length, PDL: Pedicel Length, AFL: Apical Flagellomere Length, ML: Mesosoma Length (= Weber’s Length), MTL: Metatibia Length, PTH: Petiole Height, PTL: Petiole Length, PPL: Postpetiole Length, MSL: Mesoscutum Length, MSW: Mesoscutum Width, MLL: Mesoscutellum Length, MLW: Mesoscutellum Width, MFL: Metafemur Length, PTW: Petiole Width, PPW: Postpetiole Width, GW: Width of gaster. C. full-face view of Basiceros browni sp. nov., paratype worker (MZSP, Ecuador: Pichincha, Otongachi), HL: Head Length, HL2: Head Length 2, HW1: Head Width 1, MdL: Mandible length, SL1: Scape Length 1, SL2: Scape Length 2, FuL: Funiculus Length. D. full-face view of male of B. manni (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia), HW2: Head Width 2, LOD: Lateral Ocellus Length, MOD: Median Ocellus Length, OOD: Oculo-ocellar distance, A3L: Antennomere 3 Length. Figures not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605967/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Base of sternite of first gastral segment lacking longitudinal carina or median elevation (Central America:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06957EA2FF88E359FE6AFD118340D9FE" box="[498,603,650,672]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06957EA2FF88E359FDE2FD1183C2D9FE" box="[634,729,650,672]" name="Honduras" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FD74FD118242D9FE" box="[748,857,650,672]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="36.[151,250,1616,1640]" captionStartId-1="37.[151,250,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1397,921,1591]" captionTargetBox-1="[174,1414,849,1669]" captionTargetId-0="figure-328@36.[190,1397,921,1592]" captionTargetId-1="figure-301@37.[174,1414,849,1669]" captionTargetPageId-0="36" captionTargetPageId-1="37" captionText-0="FIGURE 13. Basiceros manni, worker (CASENT0914888, Costa Rica: Heredia); A. full-face view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view. Images by Michele Esposito (CAS)." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Basiceros manni, gyne (MCZ 546486, Costa Rica: Heredia) and male (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia); A and D. fullface view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605993" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605995" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6605993/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6605995/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
).......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FADEFD108487D9FE" ID-CoL="5WCVT" authorityName="Brown & Kempf" authorityYear="1960" box="[1350,1436,651,672]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manni">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FADEFD108487D9FE" box="[1350,1436,651,672]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. manni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36986DB9FF88E359FF0FFD698377D853" box="[151,620,754,781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFD698377D853" blockId="12.[151,620,754,781]" box="[151,620,754,781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FF0FFD698377D853" bold="true" box="[151,620,754,781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Identification key for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FE30FD698306D852" authorityName="Schulz" authorityYear="1906" box="[424,541,754,780]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FE30FD698306D852" bold="true" box="[424,541,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36986DB9FF88E359FF0FFCA38267DDCC" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="key">
|
||
<key id="0A136903FF88E359FF0FFCA38487DEEA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF88E359FF0FFCA38487D89C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFCA38487D813" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" box="[151,1436,823,846]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFCA38487D813" box="[151,1436,823,846]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
1. 1m-cu partially closing the discal cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FDCFFCAC838FD813" box="[599,660,823,845]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[149,1439,181,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[149,1439,181,1854]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing venation of Basiceros males. A. forewing and B. hindwing of B. conjugans (RSPPC, Peru). C. forewing of B. manni male (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia). Fused veins are indicated with a plus sign and crossveins by a dash. Cell names (in white) are indicated in italics. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605965/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FD38FCA383D2D810" box="[672,713,824,846]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,417,1412]" captionTargetId="figure-131@26.[155,1432,417,1412]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Basiceros convexiceps, larva (from type-series of Basiceros squamifer) (MZSP, Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) and male forewing diagram (adapted from Emery, 1924) (Brazil: Santa Catarina); A. Head in ventro-oblique view, B. head in oblique view, C. male forewing (black arrow highlights transversal 1m-cu vein), D. anus, E. thorax in lateroventral view, highlighting the spinose pilosity, F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, B–E = 0.1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605987/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">10C</figureCitation>
|
||
) (but see
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FCBFFCA38245D813" box="[807,862,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
below key).........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FA96FCA38487D813" ID-CoL="68CVM" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1294,1436,824,845]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FA96FCA38487D813" box="[1294,1436,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. convexiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFCCE8487D8D9" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFCCE8487D8D9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FF0FFCCE8184D834" box="[151,159,853,874]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">-</emphasis>
|
||
1m-cu complete, always closing the discal cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FD31FCCE83EDD834" box="[681,758,853,875]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[149,1439,181,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[149,1439,181,1854]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing venation of Basiceros males. A. forewing and B. hindwing of B. conjugans (RSPPC, Peru). C. forewing of B. manni male (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia). Fused veins are indicated with a plus sign and crossveins by a dash. Cell names (in white) are indicated in italics. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605965/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FC98FCCE8231D835" box="[768,810,853,875]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,849,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-301@37.[174,1414,849,1669]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 14. Basiceros manni, gyne (MCZ 546486, Costa Rica: Heredia) and male (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia); A and D. fullface view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605995/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">14E</figureCitation>
|
||
); clypeomandibular space wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FBFBFCCE85ADD835" box="[1123,1206,853,875]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,849,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-301@37.[174,1414,849,1669]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 14. Basiceros manni, gyne (MCZ 546486, Costa Rica: Heredia) and male (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia); A and D. fullface view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605995/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 14D</figureCitation>
|
||
); pronotum divided into two levels, producing anteromedial concavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FD3CFCE983E9D8D6" box="[676,754,882,904]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1030,1054]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1006]" captionTargetId="figure-17@59.[151,1436,181,1006]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 24. Basiceros singularis, gyne (MCZ 534402/T2-56, Trinidad & Tobago: St. Andrew) and male (MCZ, Trinidad & Tobago: St. Andrew); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6606019/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 24F</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................................................... 4
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFC0B8487D89C" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFC0B8487D89C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- 1m-cu absent or obsolete, discal cell absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FD10FC1483D6D8F8" box="[648,717,911,934]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[149,1439,181,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[149,1439,181,1854]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing venation of Basiceros males. A. forewing and B. hindwing of B. conjugans (RSPPC, Peru). C. forewing of B. manni male (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia). Fused veins are indicated with a plus sign and crossveins by a dash. Cell names (in white) are indicated in italics. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605965/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
); clypeomandibular space narrow or absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FBEFFC1485D2D8F8" box="[1143,1225,911,934]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,849,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-325@30.[164,1423,849,1663]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 12. Basiceros disciger, gyne and male (MZSP, Brazil: São Paulo); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605991/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
); pronotum undivided (but see
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FEABFC368071D89C" box="[307,362,941,962]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
below key).............................................................................. 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF88E359FF0FFC518487DF44" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFC518487D881" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" box="[151,1436,970,992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFC518487D881" box="[151,1436,970,992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2. Mandibles sinuous or triangular; masticatory margins continuous; head piriform or subpiriform....................... 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFC738487DF44" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFC738487DF44" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- Mandibles subtriangular, external margin strongly convex, apical tooth projected; head subhexagonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FB22FC7C843DD8A0" box="[1210,1318,999,1022]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,705,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-253@52.[151,1437,705,1557]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 22. Basiceros scambognathus, gyne (MZSP, Brazil: Minas Gerais); male (CASENT0914889, Brazil: Rondônia; images by Michele Esposito [CAS], edited); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm, B–C =1 mm, D = 0.2 mm, E–F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6606015/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 22D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
).............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FB74FB9E8487DF44" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1260,1436,1029,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scambognathus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FB74FB9E8487DF44" box="[1260,1436,1029,1050]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. scambognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF88E359FF0FFBB98487DF0B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFBB98487DF69" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" box="[151,1436,1058,1080]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFBB98487DF69" box="[151,1436,1058,1080]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
3. Mesosoma shagreened, matte; mesopleuron costulate; antennal torsion exaggerated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FB96FBB98554DF66" box="[1038,1103,1058,1080]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,525,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-173@67.[167,1421,525,1626]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 28. Basiceros tumucumaquensis sp. nov. paratype male (MZSP, CASENT0647167, Brazil: Amapá); A. head and antenna, B. lateral view, C. full-face view, D. dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, D =1 mm, C = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6606031/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 28</figureCitation>
|
||
)..
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FB1BFBB88451DF66" authority="Probst & Brandão, 2022" authorityName="Probst & Brandão" authorityYear="2022" box="[1155,1354,1059,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumucumaquensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FB1BFBB88451DF66" box="[1155,1354,1059,1080]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. tumucumaquensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FAC8FBB98487DF69" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1058,1079]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57C55F5BFF88E359FAC8FBB98487DF69" box="[1360,1436,1058,1079]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFBDB8487DF0B" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" box="[151,1436,1087,1109]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFBDB8487DF0B" box="[151,1436,1087,1109]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">- Mesosoma differently sculptured, mesopleuron partially smooth and shiny; antennal torsion modest................... 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF88E359FF0FFBC68487DF94" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFBC68487DFD1" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFBC68487DFD1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
4. Mesokatepisternum covered with irregular rugulae; contrasting with the reticulate sculpture of mesoanepisternum; anterior face of pronotum slightly convex medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FDC1FBE183DEDFCE" box="[601,709,1146,1168]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1030,1054]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1006]" captionTargetId="figure-17@59.[151,1436,181,1006]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 24. Basiceros singularis, gyne (MCZ 534402/T2-56, Trinidad & Tobago: St. Andrew) and male (MCZ, Trinidad & Tobago: St. Andrew); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6606019/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 24D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
)................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FABAFBE08487DFD1" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1314,1436,1146,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Meranoplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FABAFBE08487DFD1" box="[1314,1436,1146,1168]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. singularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFB038487DF94" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFB038487DF94" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- Mesopleuron (mesokatepisternum + mesoanepisternum) reticulate; anterior face of pronotum conspicuously keeled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FAD8FB0C81EBDF94" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,849,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-301@37.[174,1414,849,1669]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 14. Basiceros manni, gyne (MCZ 546486, Costa Rica: Heredia) and male (MCZ, Costa Rica: Heredia); A and D. fullface view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605995/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 14D– F</figureCitation>
|
||
)..........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FADEFB2E8487DF94" ID-CoL="5WCVT" authorityName="Brown & Kempf" authorityYear="1960" box="[1350,1436,1205,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manni">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FADEFB2E8487DF94" box="[1350,1436,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. manni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF88E359FF0FFB498487DE1E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFB498486DE7C" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFB498486DE7C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
5. Subpetiolar process present as anterior projection, curved anterad, followed by 1–4 teeth, a lamella, or both. Mesoanepisternum with at least half of its surface smooth and shiny, mesokatepisternum smooth and shiny on about half of its length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FAA9FB74848BDE5B" box="[1329,1424,1263,1285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1544,1568]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-199@18.[151,1435,561,1520]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6. Basiceros conjugans, paratypes gyne and male (MCZ 546463, Ecuador: Limoncocha), Ecuador: Limoncocha); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605977/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 6D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
).........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FA87FA968486DE7C" ID-CoL="5WD7M" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1974" box="[1311,1437,1293,1314]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjugans">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FA87FA968486DE7C" box="[1311,1437,1293,1314]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. conjugans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFAB08487DE1E" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" box="[151,1436,1322,1344]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFAB08487DE1E" box="[151,1436,1322,1344]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">- Subpetiolar process absent or present as minute spiniform projection; mesopleuron sculpture different................. 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C5762697FF88E359FF0FFADC8487DEEA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFADC8487DE24" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFADC8487DE24" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
6. Subpetiolar process absent; mesoanepisternum smooth and shiny on about 2/3 of its length; mesokatepisternum fully punctuate-reticulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FEF4FAFE80CCDE25" box="[364,471,1381,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,849,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-325@30.[164,1423,849,1663]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 12. Basiceros disciger, gyne and male (MZSP, Brazil: São Paulo); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6605991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6605991/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 12D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
)......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FAACFAFE8487DE24" ID-CoL="68D7M" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1332,1436,1381,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disciger">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FAACFAFE8487DE24" box="[1332,1436,1381,1402]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. disciger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFA188487DEEA" blockId="12.[151,1437,823,1462]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<keyLead id="C5739D07FF88E359FF0FFA188487DEEA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
- Subpetiolar process present as an anterior spiniform projection, with apex slightly curved anteriorly; mesoanepisternum smooth and shiny on about half of its length; mesokatepisternum bright on posteromedial portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B922B7FF88E359FBDEFA0485AADEE8" box="[1094,1201,1439,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1390,1414]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,525,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-155@44.[151,1436,525,1366]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 18. Basiceros militaris, gyne (MCZ, Trinidad & Tobago: Arima Valley) and male (MCZ, Trinidad & Tobago: St. Andrew); A and D. full-face view, B and E. dorsal view, C and F. lateral view. Scale bars: A, D = 0.5 mm, B, C, E, F =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6606007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6606007/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 18D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
).........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FAA8FA3B8487DEEA" ID-CoL="5WCW5" baseAuthorityName="Weber" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1328,1436,1439,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FAA8FA3B8487DEEA" box="[1328,1436,1439,1461]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. militaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3D3E32FF88E359FF0FFA7B8267DDCC" blockId="12.[151,1437,1504,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FF0FFA7B81C7DEA6" bold="true" box="[151,220,1504,1528]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Notes:</emphasis>
|
||
Overall, not many males were available for most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FD44FA7A828ADEA6" box="[732,913,1504,1528]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FD44FA7A8224DEA6" box="[732,831,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Basiceros</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; therefore, male key should be interpreted as tentative. It is likely that the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FD81F99B83D0DD49" authority="Probst & Brandão, 2022" authorityName="Probst & Brandão" authorityYear="2022" box="[537,715,1535,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FD81F99B83D0DD49" box="[537,715,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Basiceros browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FD4AFA64823EDD49" bold="true" box="[722,805,1535,1559]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57C55F5BFF88E359FD4AFA64823EDD49" box="[722,805,1535,1559]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
keys out on step 4, given the size of worker and mandibular morphology, similar to the other species in this dichotomy. Step 1 should be read with caution, as the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FA9FF9858487DD6B" ID-CoL="68CVM" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1287,1436,1566,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FA9FF9858487DD6B" box="[1287,1436,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. convexiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not examined, and its inclusion in the key is supported only by the diagnosis and forewing illustration provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1343C3FF88E359FF5FF9C08042DD2D" author="Emery, C." box="[199,345,1627,1651]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="207 - 397" refId="ref61673" refString="Emery, C. (1924 [" 1922 "]) Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [concl.]. Genera Insectorum, 174 C, 207 - 397." type="book chapter" year="1924">Emery (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B98245B1FF88E359FEFCF9C7832DDD2D" ID-CoL="5WD7M" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1974" box="[356,566,1628,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Basiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjugans">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF6E220FF88E359FEFCF9C7832DDD2D" box="[356,566,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Basiceros conjugans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males can sometimes present the transversal vein 1m-cu in one of the forewings, so that the discal cell can be present and absent on the same individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |