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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f61aa496-eaf5-4d9a-bcc3-e93e4f71bbd8" ID-PMC="PMC7481264" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-72-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" ID-PubMed="32963488" ModsDocID="1314-4049-72-43" checkinTime="1599126124911" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pykaelae, Juha, Kantelinen, Annina &amp; Myllys, Leena" docDate="2020" docId="C34A4EAF72175331BEAA764F5964C4A2" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 72: 43-92" docOrigin="MycoKeys 72" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223" docTitle="Verrucaria subtilis Muell. Arg., Flora 57: 536 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Verrucaria species characterised by large spores, perithecia leaving pits in the rock and a pale thin thallus in Finland" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668136534071" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomy of Verrucaria species characterised by large spores, perithecia leaving pits in the rock and a pale thin thallus in Finland</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pykaelae, Juha</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-9310</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">juha.pykala@ymparisto.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kantelinen, Annina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Myllys, Leena</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-9473</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>72</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>43</mods:start>
<mods:end>92</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-72-43</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167465783" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C34A4EAF72175331BEAA764F5964C4A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C34A4EAF72175331BEAA764F5964C4A2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName LSID="C34A4EAF-7217-5331-BEAA-764F5964C4A2" authority="Muell. Arg., Flora 57: 536, 1874" authorityName="Muell. Arg., Flora 57: 536" authorityYear="1874" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria subtilis" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subtilis">
Verrucaria subtilis
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
. Arg., Flora 57: 536, 1874
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
=
<taxonomicName class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria hypophaea" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hypophaea">Verrucaria hypophaea</taxonomicName>
(J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr.)
<normalizedToken originalValue="Servít">Servit</normalizedToken>
, Stud. Bot. Cechoslov. 11(3): 114, 1950
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria rupestris subsp. var. var. hypophaea" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="rupestris" subSpecies="var." variety="hypophaea">Verrucaria rupestris var. hypophaea</taxonomicName>
J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr., Ann. K. K. naturh. Hofmus. Wien 22: 107, 1908.Basionym. Type. [Croatia] Hungaria; ad saxa
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kremp., Denkschrft. K. Bayer. Bot. Gesellsch. 4 (2): 238" authorityYear="1861" baseAuthorityName="A. Massal." class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="dolomitica" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dolomitica">dolomitica</taxonomicName>
prope pagum Pulac supra Fiume, ca. 250 m a.s.m, leg. J. Schuler, Kryptogamie exsiccatae 1521 (M-0164001!, PRM-789449!, syntypes).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
=?
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zschacke" authorityYear="1933" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria infidula" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="infidula">Verrucaria infidula</taxonomicName>
Zschacke, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 9(1)1: 135, 1933. Type. [Poland,] Eitner, Sammlung H. Zschacke 4708 (B-600194849!, syntype?) (see
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.29.2.2016.721" author="Pykaelae, J" journalOrPublisher="Herzogia" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="721 - 729" refId="B40" refString="Pykaelae, J, 2016. Examination of types of twenty-two species of Verrucaria described by Hermann Zschacke. Herzogia 29 (2): 721 - 729, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.29.2.2016.721" title="Examination of types of twenty-two species of Verrucaria described by Hermann Zschacke." url="https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.29.2.2016.721" volume="29" year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
[Switzerland] Bagnes-Thal,
<normalizedToken originalValue="nördl">noerdl</normalizedToken>
. vom Hotel Monvoisin gegen den Plaine an Dolomitfelsen 16.9.1873 (G-00295028!, syntype);
<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
Monvoisin &amp; Bonat Mepa in Bagnes-Thal 1874 (G-00260361!, syntype?).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Prothallus absent. Thallus white, grey or pale brown, endolithic, or thinly epilithic, continuous to rimose, up to 0.1 mm thick. Perithecia 0.15-0.34(-0.44) mm in diam., (1/2-)3/4(-1)-immersed, leaving shallow to deep pits in the rock, few perithecia occasionally not leaving pits, sometimes covered by a thin thalline layer except for the ostiolar region; 40-160 perithecia/cm2. Ostiole inconspicuous, tiny, pale or dark, plane or depressed, in two specimens, several ostioles slightly projecting, ca. 20-40(-70) mm wide. Involucrellum apical or covering half of the exciple, rarely in few perithecia exceeding half of the exciple, 30-70(-80) mm thick, appressed to the exciple to clearly diverging from the exciple. Exciple 0.16-0.33 mm in diam., wall pale or pale brown (rather rare), usually dark brown or black, 18-30 mm thick. Periphysoids ca. 20-40(-50)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(1-)1.5-2.5(-3) mm, branching. Asci 58-84
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
22-28 mm, 8-spored. Ascospores 0-septate, (19.8-)22.9-25.2-27.4(-30.7)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(8.3-)9.6-10.5-11.4(-12.8) mm (n = 400), perispore 1 mm thick.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The species grows on various calcareous rocks and in lime quarries. It occurs both in sun-exposed and shady habitats. It is amongst the most common species of
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Psoraceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on calcareous rocks of southern Finland. It may occur in the whole country, but the northernmost sequenced specimens are from the biogeographical province of Koillismaa. In Finland,
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most common species of
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Psoraceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belonging to the
<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Mycosphaerellaceae" genus="Thelidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Thelidium" order="Capnodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Thelidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group and having perithecia leaving pits in the rock.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Finland. Varsinais-Suomi, Lohja, Paavola, N of Rautaniemi, stony SE-slope, young
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus sylvestris" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-plantation, on calcareous stone, 50 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.216667">60°13'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.9">23°54'E</geoCoordinate>
, 21 May 2005, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
26865 (H); Pohja, Kuovila, 150 m NW of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Valkjärvi">Valkjaervi</normalizedToken>
, small rather flat calcareous rock outcrop, 50 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.133335">60°08'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.383333">23°23'E</geoCoordinate>
, 9 October 2006, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
29589 (H); Karkkila, Haavisto, 200 m N of Saaressuo, on calcareous rock outcrop, 132 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.516666">60°31'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="24.366667">24°22'E</geoCoordinate>
, 24 May 2008, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
32606 (H);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Suomusjärvi">Suomusjaervi</normalizedToken>
, Sallittu,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huuttavanmäki">Huuttavanmaeki</normalizedToken>
, S-slope, on calciferous boulder, 110 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.3">60°18'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.616667">23°37'E</geoCoordinate>
, 28 June 2008, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
32749 (H); Salo (Kiikala), Saari,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kalkkimäki">Kalkkimaeki</normalizedToken>
, abandoned lime quarry, on NW-facing wall, 105 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.416668">60°25'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.666666">23°40'E</geoCoordinate>
, 4 July 2009, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
34601 (H); Salo (Kisko), Haapaniemi, Multsilta, calcareous rock outcrop, on shady N-facing wall, 65 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.216667">60°13'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.483334">23°29'E</geoCoordinate>
, 17 July 2009, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
35093 (H);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kemiönsaari">Kemioensaari</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Västanfjärd">Vaestanfjaerd</normalizedToken>
),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Billböle">Billboele</normalizedToken>
, Svinberget, calcareous rock outcrop, on W-slope, st pc, 25 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.05">60°03'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="22.716667">22°43'E</geoCoordinate>
, 4 Sept 2009, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
36819 (H);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Länsi-Turunmaa">Laensi-Turunmaa</normalizedToken>
(Parainen), Hyvilemp, Hyvilemp, abandoned lime quarry, on SW-facing wall, scarce, 15 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.283333">60°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="22.2">22°12'E</geoCoordinate>
, 14 Sept 2009, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
37102 (H); Karjalohja,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pyöli">Pyoeli</normalizedToken>
, E of Innoonlampi, rocky forest, on calcareous boulder, 46 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.216667">60°13'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.816668">23°49'E</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Sept 2009, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
37329 (H), 37331 (H); Salo (Kisko), Haapaniemi, Sorronniemi, abandoned lime quarry, on SE-facing wall, scarce, 65 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.216667">60°13'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.5">23°30'E</geoCoordinate>
, 4 June 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
37794 (H);
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Salo (Kisko), Jyly, 200 m NE of Purslammi, calcareous rock outcrop, on NW-facing wall, 68 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.233334">60°14'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.6">23°36'E</geoCoordinate>
, 17 June 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
38140 (H); Salo (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkisalo">Saerkisalo</normalizedToken>
), Kaukosalo,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pyölinmäki">Pyoelinmaeki</normalizedToken>
, abandoned lime quarry, quarry spoil heap, NW-slope, on calcareous pebbles, 15 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.116665">60°07'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="22.966667">22°58'E</geoCoordinate>
, 17 June 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
42225 (H); Koillismaa, Salla, Oulanka National Park,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pikkuköngäs">Pikkukoengaes</normalizedToken>
, shore of river Oulankajoki, high cliff, dolomite rock outcrop, on SW-slope, 180 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.416664">66°25'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.133333">29°08'E</geoCoordinate>
, 13 Aug 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
39870 (H); Kuusamo, Liikasenvaara, Iso Sirkkalampi 200 m E, SW-slope, young
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Larix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-plantation, on dolomite boulder, rather scarce, 295 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.35">66°21'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.583334">29°35'E</geoCoordinate>
, 18 Aug 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
40280 (H); Salla, Oulanka National Park, Savilampi 850 m N, shore of Savinajoki river, river shore, on dolomite boulder, on S-facing wall, 182 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.433334">66°26'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.166666">29°10'E</geoCoordinate>
, 23 Aug 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
44843 (H), 44844 (H); Keski-Pohjanmaa, Vimpeli, Vimpeli, Ryytimaa, lime quarry, quarry spoil heap, young deciduous forest, on calcareous boulders, rather scarce, 135 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="63.15">63°09'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="24.016666">24°01'E</geoCoordinate>
, 31 Aug 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
40596 (H);
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Vimpeli, Vimpeli, Ryytimaa, lime quarry, S-slope, on pebbles, 125 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="63.15">63°09'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="24.016666">24°01'E</geoCoordinate>
, 2 Sept 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
40833 (H); Vimpeli,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Möksy">Moeksy</normalizedToken>
, Kotakangas, abandoned lime quarry, small quarry spoil heap, on pebbles, 122 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="63.116665">63°07'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.966667">23°58'E</geoCoordinate>
, 2 Sept 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
40859 (H); Vimpeli,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Möksy">Moeksy</normalizedToken>
, Kotakangas, by abandoned lime quarry, quarry spoil heap, W-slope, on boulders, 120 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="63.116665">63°07'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.966667">23°58'E</geoCoordinate>
, 2 Sept 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
40874 (H); Uusimaa, Vantaa, Sotunki, Bisa, 300 m E-NE, herb-rich forest, abandoned lime quarry, on SW-facing wall, 35 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.283333">60°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="25.15">25°09'E</geoCoordinate>
, 7 June 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
41857 (H); Pohjois-Karjala, Juuka, Nunnanlahti, Mustanvaara, dolomite rock outcrop, on SE-slope, 140 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="63.15">63°09'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.15">29°09'E</geoCoordinate>
, 14 July 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
42540 (H);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Etelä-Savo">Etelae-Savo</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kerimäki">Kerimaeki</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ruokojärvi">Ruokojaervi</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pitkäniemi">Pitkaeniemi</normalizedToken>
, abandoned lime quarry, gravelly field, on calcareous pebbles, 85 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="61.933334">61°56'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.0">29°00'E</geoCoordinate>
, 15 Sept 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
45794 (H), 45817 (H), 45847 (H).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Muell. Arg., Flora 57: 536" authorityYear="1874" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Psoraceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria subtilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be confused with several other species treated in this paper (see descriptions of these species).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pykaelae &amp; Myllys" authorityYear="2020" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Psoraceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria cavernarum" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cavernarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria cavernarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. difficilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="difficilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. difficilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may differ by often longer involucrellum and slightly larger spores. The species may also be mixed up with
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Psoraceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria epilithea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="epilithea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria epilithea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vain. and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Acharius" authorityYear="1803" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria muralis" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="muralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria muralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ach. These species have shorter spores (17-26 mm long) and the perithecia are not leaving pits in the rock or the pits are shallow. The first specimens of
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Finland were identified as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Servit, Stud. Bot. Cech. 11: 116" authorityYear="1950" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Psoraceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria mimicrans" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mimicrans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria mimicrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Servít">Servit</normalizedToken>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. transfugiens" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="transfugiens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. transfugiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zschacke (
<bibRefCitation author="Pykaelae, J" journalOrPublisher="Oesterreichische Zeitschrift fuer Pilzkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="35 - 40" refId="B41" refString="Pykaelae, J, Breuss, O, 2008. Eleven Verrucaria species new to Finland. Oesterreichische Zeitschrift fuer Pilzkunde 17: 35 - 40" title="Eleven Verrucaria species new to Finland." volume="17" year="2008">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
and Breuss 2008
</bibRefCitation>
). The type material of
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. mimicrans" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="mimicrans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. mimicrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been located and the identity of this species remains to be studied.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zschacke, Rabenh. Krypt. - Fl. 9, 1 (1): 85" authorityYear="1933" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Psoraceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria transfugiens" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="transfugiens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria transfugiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.29.2.2016.721" author="Pykaelae, J" journalOrPublisher="Herzogia" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="721 - 729" refId="B40" refString="Pykaelae, J, 2016. Examination of types of twenty-two species of Verrucaria described by Hermann Zschacke. Herzogia 29 (2): 721 - 729, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.29.2.2016.721" title="Examination of types of twenty-two species of Verrucaria described by Hermann Zschacke." url="https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.29.2.2016.721" volume="29" year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
) differs in smaller spores and the presence of dark lines between contiguous conspecific thalli.
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Psoraceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria hypophaea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hypophaea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Verrucaria hypophaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has usually been considered to belong to
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. muralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="muralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. muralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or to
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. schindleri" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="schindleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. schindleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Servít">Servit</normalizedToken>
, which is said to differ from
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. muralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="muralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. muralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a dark exciple (
<bibRefCitation author="Breuss, O" editor="Nash, TH III" journalOrPublisher="Volume III. Lichens Unlimited, Tempe" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="335 - 377" refId="B5" refString="Breuss, O, 2007. Verrucaria. In: Nash, TH III, Gries, C, Bungartz, F, Eds., Lichen flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Volume III. Lichens Unlimited, Tempe: 335 - 377" title="Verrucaria." volumeTitle="Lichen flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region." year="2007">Breuss 2007</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. hypophaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="hypophaea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. hypophaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly differs from
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. muralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="muralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. muralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by larger spores and the perithecia commonly leaving deep pits in the rock. The characters of
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. hypophaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="hypophaea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. hypophaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fit well with
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>