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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="6675" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5d9d73e2-c94a-416c-b943-c3ab14a22df0" ID-PMC="PMC6041354" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-770-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFA0FF981B4D3C194F12F960FFCFFF05" ID-PubMed="30002590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310213" ID-ZooBank="4D984FDD93664D8B8A8E9D4B3F9B8EFB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-770-43" checkinTime="1530781150282" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Neubauer, Thomas A., Velde, Sabrina van de, Yanina, Tamara &amp; Wesselingh, Frank P." docDate="2018" docId="35EB9B93E00746C2F14D1232F607AB4C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 770: 43-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 770" docPubDate="2018-07-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365" docTitle="Turricaspia pulla" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFA0FF981B4D3C194F12F960FFCFFF05" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFA0FF981B4D3C194F12F960FFCFFF05" masterDocTitle="A late Pleistocene gastropod fauna from the northern Caspian Sea with implications for Pontocaspian gastropod taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1732676794828" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="2305662B07EDBEF68A812F104467ECF4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F85B511567631BEB164AB3656738C9A2">
<mods:title id="61D5B5657A6EE8CD2A9AFDD42526CE21">A late Pleistocene gastropod fauna from the northern Caspian Sea with implications for Pontocaspian gastropod taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="456F18D1DA0D7A1106ED148A7710BB13" type="personal">
<mods:role id="87714C14850CDCED14B250E88728249D">
<mods:roleTerm id="1EF9F1810A1F3C9F0AE9C742F0811C85">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9A3653348E0B6F6D266A588E152E3938">Neubauer, Thomas A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9696F19E2DB39065C4B16FEDFD5DECF2">Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 - 32 IFZ, 35392 Giessen, Germany &amp; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="D228AB856B52D4F5772A7455698D9E37">
<mods:roleTerm id="A32EAFEC8BC935A094A81BEA7A2A382F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A5F455013A4D86F411D260C44CBC9696">Velde, Sabrina van de</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F580D1418D3A9E3C4056E688B76DBBC8">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="31D0366BCE48A79BDD4008E4BE7F5DA3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A2E0D2EE8AC8023CFA322384F6D8B20B">
<mods:roleTerm id="6E6F4A3AC306324A84F7DD6319EA158E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FBFBB2F341F6BE01867C837F1A893399">Yanina, Tamara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D7B336267D54714C7B8F2F57959D21D6">Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="02531F035DD7B1B65B0AEDAC2CEBB291" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A12306C6F63B42BBF62B5A6B35421C5C">
<mods:roleTerm id="6E9DCCC17F2D18A3614E2EC424D0F732">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="216756BAE55C9E87FC4C0ECD597F79DF">Wesselingh, Frank P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3CA7AA0FD6462228832C7C33227BD46C">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="61E0CA517F80EEA648F133DE735F7ED6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D35255C333AC484EC46C063FA466644F">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C8A09BAA66ABE5B84B63072F32CBD78C">
<mods:date id="E07C0FCA2CBB13ECC910A5A19F3A2D99">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C8A15EA841154626D97E1F3C6F601817" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="E75B294E40AFED8CA94FFB1F25C2BD12">2018-07-04</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A80366B13BDC0D2D2A4A7E54FEA78626" type="volume">
<mods:number id="37537C119AD39F1BBAFFD2C862A19963">770</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F78F6C129CD396EE1CE3D6189C425CDB">43</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="96F18214459E70172E6916199026D3B1">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="43C30150B340152A879D433ED9A2333B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4A506D5CBD927681D5A017EF621EA26B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1C88824D805113A4FF836EE4945FF36B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-770-43</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0604358853E8144EAB98F05396BF6F40" type="ZooBank">4D984FDD93664D8B8A8E9D4B3F9B8EFB</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="550484E2DE8F3DA3612D153EE211A852" type="Pensoft-UUID">FFA0FF981B4D3C194F12F960FFCFFF05</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="180355A4F62F2AF40FF51E863CE97855" type="Zenodo-Dep">1310213</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="35EB9B93E00746C2F14D1232F607AB4C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229647" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35EB9B93E00746C2F14D1232F607AB4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/35EB9B93E00746C2F14D1232F607AB4C" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Hydrobiidae" scope_subClass="Caenogastropoda" scope_subFamily="Pyrgulinae" scope_superFamily="Truncatelloidea">
<subSubSection id="B1D0A468F66DE0CD59E0AF691CCBF268" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C2F800558A1641AA0602DA247F67F20A" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="5CFB1665A1389A7E54E5E0779956A103" ID-CoL="7THSQ" authority="(B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915)" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">Turricaspia pulla (B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="6543CD1E65666C282D0D34417853BBAA" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia pulla (B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915), LV 201519 D, I, J T. pulla, RGM 1310254 E-G T. pulla, RGM 1310253 H T. pulla, RGM 1309820 K, L Turricaspia pullula (B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915), RGM 1310210." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214777" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 14A-J</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF9F2C472F555C5ED491A3C5F16BE83A" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A67CA0D035C75CF4EDB45263BA70863B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="A4A0231AA03BA5E7AD55AA2596A6EA51" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">Turricaspia pulla</taxonomicName>
*1915
<taxonomicName id="537EAD6C0E1E60AEDD875F72A74570E2" authorityName="B.Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania (Turricaspia) caspia subsp. var. var. pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="caspia" subGenus="Turricaspia" subSpecies="var." variety="pulla">Micromelania (Turricaspia) caspia Eichw. var. pulla</taxonomicName>
nov. var.; B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki: 111, pl. 1, fig. 6a.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D9E76A4F92391CAE76AE2F747854AE3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="1B7FBF7AD2D2061A5A86EDB6B5D5B68E" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">Turricaspia pulla</taxonomicName>
1917
<taxonomicName id="012A6354591AB8681C99BEFC96F8B8BD" authorityName="B.Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Micromelania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micromelania (Turricaspia) caspia subsp. var. var. pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="caspia" subGenus="Turricaspia" subSpecies="var." variety="pulla">Micromelania (Turricaspia) caspia Eichw. var. pulla</taxonomicName>
nov. var. - B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki: 10, pl. 1, fig. 7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB40C721ED3D469E3108546EFEAEB4BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="1E3FBCBA58C8ED4D1BEC3C57E1E05153" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">Turricaspia pulla</taxonomicName>
1969
<taxonomicName id="011606D8DA8B4CFFAB27F910B64B964C" authorityName="Neubauer &amp; Velde &amp; Yanina &amp; Wesselingh" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Neubauer &amp; Velde &amp; Yanina &amp; Wesselingh" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgula" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pyrgula</taxonomicName>
[(
<taxonomicName id="4C5894FDE7F597690E6EA1FE951C1072" authorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Turricaspia</taxonomicName>
)]
<taxonomicName id="ADC2B98A4B5BA64F30E1A7CF62C0EE31" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgula" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgula pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">Pyrgula pulla</taxonomicName>
(Dyb. et Gr.). - Logvinenko &amp; Starobogatov: 361-362, fig. 360 (8).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0AAEFBB3D0F35F428B3936D3A8B38770" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="DAEAA40CF34BD01CB56C6F62979B6673" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">Turricaspia pulla</taxonomicName>
2006
<taxonomicName id="5CE9FC76D314A200767F039A36E4C53F" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgula" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgula pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">Pyrgula pulla</taxonomicName>
(B. Dybowski et Grochmalicki, 1915). - Kantor &amp; Sysoev: 102, pl. 46, fig. C.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D29641FD885A449F3518E89FC49CAAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="2977CBB2720CF9ACD1E3ED2AD8B576F4" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">Turricaspia pulla</taxonomicName>
2016
<taxonomicName id="01876EBF053AC91CA79D1E43155A18BE" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgula" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgula pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">Pyrgula pulla</taxonomicName>
(B. Dybowski et Grochmalicki, 1915). - Vinarski &amp; Kantor: 242.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2351F96AE16D8BD42C670A936DB575D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F08E32371B9BCB5B1EF35F66127602BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C27B1A6D382AC4DD5C5D9058F098867" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<materialsCitation id="A3CD87F9CDBA84CF5198E18E69453B28" abbreviationString="LV 201519" accessionNumber="LV 201519" collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectionCode="RGM, LV" prefix="LV" specimenCode="RGM 1309803, RGM 1309804, RGM 1309820, RGM 1310211, RGM 1310253, LV 201519" specimenCount="186" type="Arabic" value="201501" valueMax="201750" valueMin="201501" values="201501-201530,201731-201750">
<specimenCount id="29DC72248DB48955C6ED9848B88DDABA" type="generic">186 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="850EEE4A55490CB86335D21F6FC4239C">RGM 1309803</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="010C0131B834440094C3F3EEE25AE287">RGM 1309804</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="891A45EEB45E1784371C0FF424FD1975">RGM 1309820</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="0033B9ECA027BA5D91D62EE6ACD6E8C0">RGM 1310211</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="40BBBC7EC424E217321518E7927C4AF5">RGM 1310253</specimenCode>
-1310254,
<specimenCode id="6DD942506A21468331EC4EDC98838456">LV 201519</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DA0F35F14C3714807971AAD80BE48311" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type material">
<paragraph id="4DD2C775468F5700E943B594378222D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="54A934868C0074D0F39C8863BED28E49">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BFAE7FC2C88F0FA41DBF87493D7AFC69" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<materialsCitation id="5FA5043662E26A925A01053F999873E4" collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectionCode="ZIN" specimenCode="ZIN 4422/1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="DCA6ECDE5E581FBE57F091B2CBDEEBBA">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="0BD32DF1CE22478FFD0048F8333DC783">ZIN 4422/1</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="452095471876740044A7EA765505E217" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
illustrated by B.
<bibRefCitation id="7E96573BF23BFEA77A1039573DF963C7" author="Dybowski, B" journalOrPublisher="Petersbourg" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B32" refString="Dybowski, B, Grochmalicki, J, 1915. Ueber kaspische Schnecken aus der Abteilung &quot;Turricaspiinae&quot; subfam. nova zum Vergleich mit den Turribaikalina nobis. Petrograd, 34 pp. [numbered 103-136], 3 pls." title="Ueber kaspische Schnecken aus der Abteilung &quot; Turricaspiinae &quot; subfam. nova zum Vergleich mit den Turribaikalina nobis. Petrograd, 34 pp. [numbered 103 - 136], 3 pls." year="1915">Dybowski and Grochmalicki 1915</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B346BEB05C31B3C131BCBC23C8249C2F" author="Dybowski, B" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 55" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" refId="B33" refString="Dybowski, B, Grochmalicki, J, 1917. Studien ueber die turmfoermigen Schnecken des Baikalsees und des Kaspimeeres (Turribaicaliinae - Turricaspiinae). Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 9 (3): 1 - 55, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" title="Studien ueber die turmfoermigen Schnecken des Baikalsees und des Kaspimeeres (Turribaicaliinae - Turricaspiinae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5550074" volume="9" year="1917">1917</bibRefCitation>
), designated by
<bibRefCitation id="BCDF6960CAF2A93E803173BFCC53AD44" author="Logvinenko, BM" editor="Birshtein, YaA" journalOrPublisher="Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="308 - 385" refId="B70" refString="Logvinenko, BM, Starobogatov, YaI, 1969. Mollusca. In: Birshtein, YaA, Vinogradov, LG, Kondakov, NN, Kuhn, MS, Astakhova, TV, Romanova, NN, Eds., Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva: 308 - 385" title="Mollusca." volumeTitle="Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya." year="1969">Logvinenko and Starobogatov (1969)</bibRefCitation>
, illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="0BB7F343D7B928FDCFFC83F77544BB05" author="Kantor, YuI" journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B58" refString="Kantor, YuI, Sysoev, AV, 2006. Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" title="Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog." year="2006">Kantor and Sysoev (2006</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 46, fig. C).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6357FE988E41F66F17B7CD5659AA3345" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="D8D3FB09E4E241E5A305682381B1009D" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="10B3BA1AEC19F4B2EF3A62D32247E906">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96F007E662D9DAD736355D77CE66381B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Caspian Sea (no locality specified).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DCB4A513EB7EFF4FB4579D66B1C641B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="77F69F4FBD34ED15EF7F57F71331A40B" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Dimensions.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB2BC91C9EF0307498D22D9E20DA5618" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
4.88
<normalizedToken id="801C0A49F61D2CBD5ACD5F41DF645AF5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="100DFA28D72521A4A2904715243F38E6" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" unit="mm" value="210.0">2.10 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="0D3CD69329DF571BAA43DC4EAD37F8D9" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15324" name="Catholic University of Leuven" type="Herbarium">LV</collectionCode>
201519, Fig.
<figureCitation id="FF2B1642F9DF61B7A2A977C28BD2E4F1" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia pulla (B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915), LV 201519 D, I, J T. pulla, RGM 1310254 E-G T. pulla, RGM 1310253 H T. pulla, RGM 1309820 K, L Turricaspia pullula (B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915), RGM 1310210." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214777" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">14A-C</figureCitation>
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1310254, Fig.
<figureCitation id="F14F083CF1672EB2A1EB5E563911A12D" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia pulla (B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915), LV 201519 D, I, J T. pulla, RGM 1310254 E-G T. pulla, RGM 1310253 H T. pulla, RGM 1309820 K, L Turricaspia pullula (B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915), RGM 1310210." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214777" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">14D, I, J</figureCitation>
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1310253, Fig.
<figureCitation id="8FE1AEB65E6A12F5A84D8B6B3EEE42F9" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Pyrgulinae. A-C Turricaspia pulla (B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915), LV 201519 D, I, J T. pulla, RGM 1310254 E-G T. pulla, RGM 1310253 H T. pulla, RGM 1309820 K, L Turricaspia pullula (B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915), RGM 1310210." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214777" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">14E-G</figureCitation>
); 5.84
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1309803); 5.54
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1309804).
</paragraph>
<caption id="881913FA71F631445B1288B5ABA8176D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310431" doi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214777" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="E46043AD9EC198837F423C960B49CE19" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="6ADAE71CFF28621D97022F94D15F1876" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="57A5E838DE7179B6937ACC088E2B9298" baseAuthorityName="Brusina" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pyrgulinae">Pyrgulinae</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="E754FBAD4B6A0F38EFF068E01415FDBC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A-C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59180296E394539D8220B02F41C3A61B" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">
<emphasis id="303095D9791B0FED8377490DC6CECAA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia pulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915), LV 201519
<emphasis id="B12A4334A16731C6DC205541EE14D583" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D, I, J</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B15110B400EAAC5547C9217887A5E289" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">
<emphasis id="008ED239635BE7ECAB71BD39D5BDC154" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. pulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="F1667E402F4DE99D8D315061C0D78CF4" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310254
<emphasis id="230B5876A10DBC3B2406E16325F37DB0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">E-G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0A8E318CAE69CD9FCC27C8F8CE2C5190" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">
<emphasis id="54695E4F59472B32833757E70FB7FFB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. pulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="575CC92BDB2CB1A560923D48C55C2D0B" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310253
<emphasis id="98717A838628373AB0098922428CAE8B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A7CB681B8190EFFE7DDC737AB432EF7C" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">
<emphasis id="61D3268C5FA63EE25C1E467633A4687A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. pulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="CADE5F744513E706E01A09483D87EC50" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1309820
<emphasis id="80D99473695185F3067032821FED7EE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">K, L</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FF400F2E5953C879D62DF85FF1191074" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia pullula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pullula">
<emphasis id="A0EABADF3B26ED7E6268823EA1198646" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia pullula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki, 1915),
<collectionCode id="F81A8117991ADEB8AA8981D536D32CED" collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310210.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7B83842B39246CB2787C71C82AD6FDD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="1E96EEEC0636F2B2AE27FBFCBF4E25EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84FE4BD8AE0CDBB0822D404B31437D69" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Slender conical shell with up to 8 whorls. Protoconch bulbous, weakly granulate, with striae on second half; diameter 410
<normalizedToken id="BFFB2F52EF384DCA6658588049D08ABC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, consists of 1.25 whorls; nucleus low, broad, 140
<normalizedToken id="73CC224EF01491D76CF2234945715862" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide; transition to teleoconch distinct. Teleoconch whorls weakly convex, with maximum convexity at or slightly below midline of whorl profile; portion above maximum convexity almost straight-sided, portion below weakly convex. Whorls are separated by deep suture. Height of last whorl amounts 45% of total shell. Sometimes intentions of spiral lines appear on lower half of last whorl. Aperture ovoid, oblique, with weakly thickened and slightly expanded peristome; in lateral view, peristome is distinctly sigmoidal, with broad, shallow indentation in upper half and broad, weak protrusion in lower half. Umbilicus very narrow or closed. Growth lines sigmoidal, markedly prosocline in upper half, weakly opisthocline in lower half.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35AD785012AE8C28094A82F2398899CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="07DF31AEBC377FEDE3E1F1AA66C63445" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A32B1309D166C5322BB23C1A4A704BE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The species can be easily distinguished from most other species of
<taxonomicName id="FD49A840A6C59C37F805A406DA63F33A" authorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="600BAABB287025F29B2DC3FBBCFD09C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its comparably broad conical shape, the low-convex whorls, and its small size. Juvenile specimens of
<taxonomicName id="1C28E5E89484F6F3AC2AE44188309CFE" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. meneghiniana" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="meneghiniana">
<emphasis id="103BA382A95137F415927471268F3DFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. meneghiniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remind of
<taxonomicName id="F480D0A187F1848241A1518967A8BA77" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. pulla" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pulla">
<emphasis id="19124C4B3BB16EC12F30CB0083F69C29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. pulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the former have broader shells with more convex whorls.
<taxonomicName id="99332F409B3861300186F173AE244203" baseAuthorityName="B. Dybowski &amp; Grochmalicki" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia pullula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pullula">
<emphasis id="2F38B4953C128A8237EE31FA1BD737DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Turricaspia pullula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likewise broader and exposes a characteristic tripartite whorl profile (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11AB631A134E2FA5FB7806A915E365E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B2C71AC5C773B3EDB3D0B0FE64374721" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49649081A6497BC75DF58DC62058898F" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Endemic to the Caspian Sea, reported from middle and south Caspian Sea at depths between 15 and
<quantity id="6DD72910B55A5BBCAA2DA06ADAAD8425" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0596284EC5B90279B961E3160D742E80" author="Logvinenko, BM" editor="Birshtein, YaA" journalOrPublisher="Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="308 - 385" refId="B70" refString="Logvinenko, BM, Starobogatov, YaI, 1969. Mollusca. In: Birshtein, YaA, Vinogradov, LG, Kondakov, NN, Kuhn, MS, Astakhova, TV, Romanova, NN, Eds., Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva: 308 - 385" title="Mollusca." volumeTitle="Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya." year="1969">Logvinenko and Starobogatov 1969</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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