treatments-xml/data/08/47/4F/08474F3DFFEEFFC3FF63FB8FFEFAFD79.xml

<document id="3ECC6B1915C29C33D80A80C31DD3ABEC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d26544d-be4b-4440-a33e-26dee7d14b5e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271017" ID-ZooBank="8274E4B9-A01E-4395-AE22-0579D8E47BC7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459402537235" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vieira, Leandro M., Almeida, Ana C. S. &amp; Winston, Judith E." docDate="2016" docId="08474F3DFFEEFFC3FF63FB8FFEFAFD79" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4097.1.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4097 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Biflustra sphinx Vieira, Almeida &amp; Winston, 2016, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="F47E3745FFE7FFC9FFF4FF87FFF2FF89" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of intertidal cheilostome Bryozoa of Maceió, northeastern Brazil. Part 1: Suborders Inovicellina, Malacostegina and Thalamoporellina" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1698186707233" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F9B074B1DE5107E47B852CDA61A3B2C5">Taxonomy of intertidal cheilostome Bryozoa of Maceió, northeastern Brazil. Part 1: Suborders Inovicellina, Malacostegina and Thalamoporellina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F3F0DA6CE6477716DF513DC736F16689">Vieira, Leandro M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="995808731B91BEF90F8063E9D3A2EF5E">Almeida, Ana C. S.</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF63FB8FFE57FBAB" bold="true" box="[151,421,1032,1058]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FF63FB8FFEA9FBAB" box="[151,347,1032,1058]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF63FB8FFEA9FBAB" bold="true" box="[151,347,1032,1058]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Biflustra sphinx</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEEFFC0FE96FB8FFE57FBAB" box="[354,421,1032,1058]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation id="18D5E2AEFFEEFFC0FF6BFBACFED7FBCD" box="[159,293,1067,1092]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1790,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,409,1770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Species of Biflustra from Maceió: 12 – 14, Biflustra marcusi n. sp., UFPE 0 91, holotype, Pratagy, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil; 12, group of zooids; 13, close-up of autozooid with developed cryptocyst; 14, close-up of distal half of autozooid showing the median cryptocystal denticle and the two sharp denticles projecting obliquely to the midline of opesia; 15 – 17, Biflustra sphinx n. sp., UFBA 1599, paratype, Sobral, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, erect bilaminar colony; 15, group of autozooids; 16, close-up of autozooids, showing the tuberculate cryptocyst and gymnocystal tubercles; 17, close-up of vertical wall showing the distal multiporous mural septula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271021/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Figs. 15–17</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEEFFC0FF63FBEBFCB0FB28" blockId="9.[151,920,1132,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
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? 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FF5CFBEBFD5DFB0B" ID-CoL="8XD2" authority="Taylor &amp; Tan, 2015: 9" authorityName="Taylor &amp; Tan" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="2015" box="[168,687,1132,1154]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="irregulata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF5CFBEBFEC0FB0B" box="[168,306,1132,1154]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Acanthodesia</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FEADFBEBFE4DFB0B" box="[345,447,1132,1154]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">irregulata</emphasis>
: 
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<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FE38FBEBFD64FB0B" author="Taylor" box="[460,662,1132,1154]" pageId="9" pageNumber="82" refString="Taylor, P. D. &amp; Tan, S. - G. A. (2015) Cheilostome Bryozoa from Penang and Langkawi, Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 149, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2015">Taylor &amp; Tan, 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 9
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, fig. 3G–L. [
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEEFFC0FCC4FBEBFC60FB0B" box="[816,914,1132,1154]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
] Non 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FF3DFB0CFDCBFB28" authority="Liu, 1992" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1992" box="[201,569,1163,1185]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="irregulata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF3DFB0CFE3CFB28" box="[201,462,1163,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Membranipora irregulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FE20FB0CFDCBFB28" author="Liu" box="[468,569,1163,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="81" refString="Liu, X (1992) On the genus Membranipora (Anasca: Cheilostomata) from South Chinese Seas. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 40 (1), 103 - 144." type="journal article" year="1992">Liu, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 124, figs. 14–17. [
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEEFFC0FD0EFB0CFCCEFB28" box="[762,828,1163,1185]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">China</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF63FB40FE72FB69" bold="true" box="[151,384,1223,1248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5F554089FFEEFFC0FE72FB40FE1FFB69" box="[390,493,1223,1248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FE72FB40FE1FFB69" box="[390,493,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="E6FF66EEFFEEFFC0FE0FFB4FFDCDFB56" box="[507,575,1224,1247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">UFPE</collectionCode>
0 55, Sobral sewer outfall, Maceió, Alagoas, 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEEFFC0FBC1FB40FB8EFB69" box="[1077,1148,1223,1248]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="E5DA98ECFFEEFFC0FAFEFB40FA6AFB56" box="[1290,1432,1223,1248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" precision="15" value="-35.75028">35º45'01&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal, erect colony on hydroids, coll. 
<date id="F450D8EBFFEEFFC0FD91FB6CFCD3FA8A" box="[613,801,1259,1284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" value="2009-10-21">21 October 2009</date>
by L.M. Vieira &amp; M.D. Correia. 
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<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FB62FB6BFB0FFA8A" box="[1174,1277,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Paratype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="E6FF66EEFFEEFFC0FAFFFB6CFAA4FA8A" box="[1291,1366,1259,1283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">UFBA</collectionCode>
1599, same data as 
<typeStatus id="5F554089FFEEFFC0FEDFFA89FE63FAAE" box="[299,401,1294,1319]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFEEFFC0FF33FAB5FEC4FA3F" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEEFFC0FF33FAB5FEC4FA3F" blockId="9.[151,1437,1223,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF33FAB5FEB3FAC2" bold="true" box="[199,321,1330,1355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FEA0FAB5FE44FAC2" box="[340,438,1330,1355]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FEA0FAB5FE44FAC2" box="[340,438,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Biflustra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with encrusting colonies, multiserial, becoming erect and bilaminar; cryptocyst surrounding almost entire opesia length, shorter laterally than proximally, without denticles. Frontal membrane smooth. Distal transverse walls with a row of uniporous mural septula; lateral walls with two pairs of multiporous mural septula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFEEFFC0FF33FA46FC84F95D" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" type="description">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEEFFC0FF33FA46FC84F95D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1223,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF33FA46FEABFA53" bold="true" box="[199,345,1473,1498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Description.</emphasis>
Colony white, growing on hydroids, becoming erect, bilaminar. Autozooids subrectangular, 
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(0.382 ± 0.044) long and 
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(0.239 ± 0.037) wide, distal end rounded and proximal concave. Lateral walls thick, beaded narrow cryptocyst, without sharp denticles on proximal border. Short and thick gymnocystal tubercles with triangular bases often present in one or both outer proximal edges. Opesia occupying 75–90% of zooid length, 
<quantity id="471653CEFFEEFFC0FDC2F9D7FD04F9E1" box="[566,758,1616,1641]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.75" metricValueMin="2.9499999999999997" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="0.33499999999999996" valueMax="0.375" valueMin="0.295">0.295–0.375 mm</quantity>
(0.318 ± 0.027) long and 
<quantity id="471653CEFFEEFFC0FBD7F9D7FB11F9E1" box="[1059,1251,1616,1641]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.145" metricValueMax="2.66" metricValueMin="1.63" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="0.2145" valueMax="0.266" valueMin="0.163">0.163–0.266 mm</quantity>
(0.190 ± 0.030) wide. Operculum with lightly sclerotized outer rim. Frontal membrane smooth, without spinules. Distal transverse walls with a row of uniporous mural septula, often with paired muscle scars set high; lateral transverse walls with two pairs of multiporous mural septula. Early astogeny unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFEEFFC0FF33F958FDDFF892" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEEFFC0FF33F958FDDFF892" blockId="9.[151,1437,1223,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF33F958FEBCF971" bold="true" box="[199,334,1759,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Etymology.</emphasis>
Epithet from the Greek 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FDA8F958FD5DF971" box="[604,687,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FDA8F958FD59F971" box="[604,683,1759,1784]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">Sphinx</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
female monster of Thebes who propounded riddles, in reference to the confusion in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FE30F884FDD4F895" box="[452,550,1795,1820]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FE30F884FDD4F895" box="[452,550,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Biflustra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFEEFFC3FF33F8A1FBF4FE59" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEEFFC0FF33F8A1FB4DF87B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1223,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF33F8A1FEC9F8B6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1830,1855]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Remarks.</emphasis>
There are some similarities in skeletal zooids of erect colonies of 
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<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FBC6F8A0FB69F8B6" box="[1074,1179,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. sphinx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FB50F8A1FB16F8B6" bold="true" box="[1188,1252,1830,1855]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
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<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FB00F8A0FA6EF8B6" box="[1268,1436,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. arborescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
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<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF32F8CCFEA4F8EA" box="[198,342,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. irregulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FE97F8CDFD6EF8EA" author="Winston" box="[355,668,1866,1891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83" refString="Winston, J. E. &amp; Hayward, P. J. (2012) The Marine Bryozoans of the Northeast Coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 11 (I - XII), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2012">Winston &amp; Hayward (2012)</bibRefCitation>
characterized 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FCCBF8CCFC14F8EA" box="[831,998,1866,1891]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FCCBF8CCFC14F8EA" box="[831,998,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. arborescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having brown chitnous interzooidal lines, spinules on the frontal membrane, brownish opercula, and lack of open triangular tubercles in zooidal corners. These characteristics are also present in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FD48F814FCBFF823" box="[700,845,1937,1962]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="irregulata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FD48F814FCBFF823" box="[700,845,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. irregulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FC73F815FBB5F823" author="Seo" box="[903,1095,1937,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="82" refString="Seo, J. E. &amp; Min B. S. (2009) A faunistic study on cheilostomatous bryozoans from the shoreline of South Korea, with two new species. Korean Journal of Systematics Zoology, 25 (1), 19 - 40." type="journal article" year="2009">Seo &amp; Min 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FBA7F816FADFF823" author="Taylor" box="[1107,1325,1937,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="82" refString="Taylor, P. D. &amp; Tan, S. - G. A. (2015) Cheilostome Bryozoa from Penang and Langkawi, Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 149, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2015">Taylor &amp; Tan 2015</bibRefCitation>
), but they are not observed in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FE8BF830FE18F847" box="[383,490,1973,1998]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FE8BF830FE18F847" box="[383,490,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">B. sphinx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEEFFC0FE00F832FDC7F847" box="[500,565,1973,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FE00F832FDC7F847" bold="true" box="[500,565,1973,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
The skeletal zooids identified by 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEEFFC0FC36F832FB40F847" author="Taylor" box="[962,1202,1973,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="82" refString="Taylor, P. D. &amp; Tan, S. - G. A. (2015) Cheilostome Bryozoa from Penang and Langkawi, Malaysia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 149, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2015">Taylor &amp; Tan (2015)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEEFFC0FB29F832FEFAF87B" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Acanthodesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="irregulata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FB29F832FA84F847" box="[1245,1398,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Acanthodesia</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEEFFC0FF63F85EFEFAF87B" box="[151,264,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">irregulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not have soft parts, precluding the confirmation of presence of cuticular spinules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEDFFC3FF33FF10FBF4FE59" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
Skeletal zooids of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FE53FF1EFDE7FF39" box="[423,533,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FE53FF1EFDE7FF39" box="[423,533,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. sphinx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEDFFC3FDD6FF10FD94FF39" box="[546,614,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FDD6FF10FD94FF39" bold="true" box="[546,614,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
resemble those of 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FCA5FF10FA95FF39" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1929" box="[849,1383,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="grandicella">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FCA5FF10FBB2FF39" box="[849,1088,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Biflustra grandicella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEDFFC3FBA1FF1FFAACFF39" author="Canu" box="[1109,1374,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1929) Bryozoa of the Philippine region. United States National Museum Bulletin, 100, 1 - 685." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FF63FF3BFD7EFF5D" authority="Louis &amp; Menon, 2009" authorityName="Louis &amp; Menon" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,652,188,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="perambulata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FF63FF3BFE7CFF5C" box="[151,398,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Biflustra perambulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEDFFC3FE61FF3BFD7EFF5D" author="Louis" box="[405,652,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" refString="Louis, J. &amp; Menon, N. R. (2009) Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (Cheilostomata: Bryozoa), a new alien species from Cochin Harbour, Kerala, India. Zootaxa, 2066, 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="2009">
Louis &amp; Menon, 
<quantity id="471653CEFFEDFFC3FDA0FF3BFD7EFF5D" box="[596,652,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10286" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" unit="in" value="2009.0">2009</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in having oval opesia and cryptocyst more developed proximally than laterally, without a median denticulate process such as described in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FC58FF66FBD5FF71" box="[940,1063,225,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="marcusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FC58FF66FBD5FF71" box="[940,1063,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. marcusi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEDFFC3FBC5FF58FB81FF71" box="[1073,1139,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FBC5FF58FB81FF71" bold="true" box="[1073,1139,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FB89FF58FAC1FF71" box="[1149,1331,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FB89FF58FAC1FF71" box="[1149,1331,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Biflustra sphinx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEDFFC3FAC9FF58FA8DFF71" box="[1341,1407,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FAC9FF58FA8DFF71" bold="true" box="[1341,1407,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinct, however, in having shorter zooids (
<quantity id="471653CEFFEDFFC3FD72FE83FCB5FE95" box="[646,839,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.09" metricValueMax="4.859999999999999" metricValueMin="3.32" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="0.409" valueMax="0.486" valueMin="0.332">0.332–0.486 mm</quantity>
long in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FC52FE82FBFDFE94" box="[934,1039,260,285]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FC52FE82FBFDFE94" box="[934,1039,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. sphinx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEDFFC3FBE3FE83FBA4FE94" box="[1047,1110,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FBE3FE83FBA4FE94" bold="true" box="[1047,1110,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 0.540–0.600 mm long in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FA70FE82FED4FEC9" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="perambulata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FA70FE82FED4FEC9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. perambulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<quantity id="471653CEFFEDFFC3FE99FEA0FDC3FEB6" box="[365,561,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="0.79" valueMax="0.96" valueMin="0.62">0.620–0.960 mm</quantity>
long in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FD6FFEAEFCB2FEC9" box="[667,832,295,320]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="grandicella">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FD6FFEAEFCB2FEC9" box="[667,832,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. grandicella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and gymnocystal tubercles with a triangular base, absent in both 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FECAFECAFE12FEEC" box="[318,480,332,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="grandicella">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FECAFECAFE12FEEC" box="[318,480,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. grandicella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FDECFECAFD35FEEC" box="[536,711,332,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="perambulata">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FDECFECAFD35FEEC" box="[536,711,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. perambulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Gymnocystal tubercles were also illustrated in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FB18FECBFEB0FE01" authority="Audouin, 1826" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1826" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FB18FECBFA69FEED" box="[1260,1435,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Flustra savartii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEDFFC3FF63FEE8FEB0FE01" author="Audouin" box="[151,322,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" refString="Audouin, J. V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de Polypes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny. In: Panckoucke, C. L. F. (Org.), Description de l'Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de l'Armee francaise. Histoire naturelle. Tome 1 (4). Imprimerie Imperiale, Paris, pp. 225 - 244." type="journal article" year="1826">Audouin, 1826</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEDFFC3FE85FEE8FD26FE01" author="Savigny" box="[369,724,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="82" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1817) Description de l'Egypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de L'Armee francaise. Histoire naturelle. Vol. 2. Imprimerie Royale, Paris, 125 pls." type="book chapter" year="1817" yearSuffix="b">Savigny (1817, pl. 10, fig. 2b)</bibRefCitation>
, but were not observed in Recent specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEDFFC3FAD7FEF7FA94FE01" box="[1315,1382,368,392]" name="Egypt" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(see above). Specimens assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FE0FFE12FD83FE25" box="[507,625,405,428]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FE0FFE12FD83FE25" box="[507,625,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. savartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Northern Bay of Safaga, 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEDFFC3FBF6FE12FBB7FE24" box="[1026,1093,405,429]" name="Egypt" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEDFFC3FBA1FE13FABCFE25" author="Ostrovsky" box="[1109,1358,404,429]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" refString="Ostrovsky, A., Caceres-Chamizo, J. P., Vavra, N. &amp; Berning, B. (2011) Bryozoa of the Red Sea: history and current state of research. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. &amp; Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 3: aspects of the history of research on bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 67 - 97.?" type="journal article" year="2011">
Ostrovsky 
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FB26FE12FAFEFE24" box="[1234,1292,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEDFFC3FAAFFE13FA67FE24" author="Ostrovsky" box="[1371,1429,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="82" refString="Ostrovsky, A., Caceres-Chamizo, J. P. &amp; Vavra, N. (2016) Bryozoa collection from the Safaga Bay (North Red Sea), Departament of Paleontolopgy, University of Vienna, Vienna. Available from: https: // www. univie. ac. at / Palaeontologie / Sammlung / Bryozoa / Safaga _ Bay / Safaga _ Bay. html (accessed 26 February 2016)" type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
) are also distinct in having multiporous mural septula in distal transverse walls.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFEDFFC3FF33FE5AFAF1FD21" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEDFFC3FF33FE5AFAF1FD21" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FF33FE5AFD37FE7D" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler, 1919" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityYear="1919" box="[199,709,476,501]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vaughani">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FF33FE5AFE42FE7C" box="[199,432,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Conopeum vaughani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E47F83DAFFEDFFC3FE4BFE5BFD4FFE7D" author="Canu" box="[447,701,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1919) Fossil Bryozoa from the West Indies. Publications of the Carnegie Institution, 291, 75 - 102." type="journal article" year="1919">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1919</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, described from Lower Miocene of 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEDFFC3FBA8FE5BFABAFE7C" box="[1116,1352,476,501]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FA70FE5AFEF3FD91" ID-CoL="LT5K" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FA70FE5AFEF3FD91" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. paulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described from 
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEDFFC3FE30FE78FDF9FD91" box="[452,523,511,536]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, resemble 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FD73FD86FD00FD91" box="[647,754,511,536]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FD73FD86FD00FD91" box="[647,754,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. sphinx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEDFFC3FD0FFE78FCCEFD91" box="[763,828,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FD0FFE78FCCEFD91" bold="true" box="[763,828,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in autozooidal size and the presence of gymnocystal tubercles, but they are distinguished by the shape of the autozooid (oval in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FBF8FDA2FB6AFDB4" box="[1036,1176,548,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vaughani">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FBF8FDA2FB6AFDB4" box="[1036,1176,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">C. vaughani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FB21FDA2FA90FDB4" ID-CoL="LT5K" box="[1237,1378,548,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FB21FDA2FA90FDB4" box="[1237,1378,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. paulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and rectangular in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FEB5FDCEFE5FFDE9" box="[321,429,583,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FEB5FDCEFE5FFDE9" box="[321,429,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. sphinx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEDFFC3FE4DFDC0FE0EFDE9" box="[441,508,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FE4DFDC0FE0EFDE9" bold="true" box="[441,508,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
) and by the colony form (encrusting and unilaminar on gastropod shells in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FA76FDCFFF0DFD0C" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Conopeum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vaughani">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FA76FDCFFF0DFD0C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">C. vaughani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FECCFDEAFE30FD0C" ID-CoL="LT5K" box="[312,450,620,645]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FECCFDEAFE30FD0C" box="[312,450,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. paulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, rectangular and forming bilaminar sheets in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FC3CFDEAFBC3FD0C" box="[968,1073,620,645]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FC3CFDEAFBC3FD0C" box="[968,1073,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. sphinx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEDFFC3FBCDFDEBFB8BFD0C" box="[1081,1145,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FBCDFDEBFB8BFD0C" bold="true" box="[1081,1145,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
); 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FB67FDEBFA95FD0C" ID-CoL="LT5K" box="[1171,1383,620,645]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FB67FDEBFA95FD0C" box="[1171,1383,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Biflustra paulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has minute proximal cryptocystal denticles projecting into opesia; these are absent in 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FBA1FD16FB4FFD21" box="[1109,1213,655,680]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FBA1FD16FB4FFD21" box="[1109,1213,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">B. sphinx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEDFFC3FB30FD08FAF1FD21" box="[1220,1283,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FB30FD08FAF1FD21" bold="true" box="[1220,1283,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8F4ADA0FFEDFFC3FF33FD33FEFAFD79" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8051FE2BFFEDFFC3FF33FD33FEFAFD79" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FF33FD33FE92FD44" bold="true" box="[199,352,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F8F9BEBBFFEDFFC3FE93FD33FE42FD44" box="[359,432,692,717]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Alagoas (Maceió). 
<taxonomicName id="47EE85A8FFEDFFC3FD66FD33FCB6FD44" box="[658,836,692,717]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sphinx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FD66FD33FCB6FD44" box="[658,836,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">Biflustra sphinx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9A99F42FFEDFFC3FCB8FD33FC79FD44" box="[844,907,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B29A2239FFEDFFC3FCB8FD33FC79FD44" bold="true" box="[844,907,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="69">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is often found growing on hydroids, becoming bilaminar.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>