239 lines
34 KiB
XML
239 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="41EA6C1A0D4C82407B4FCCFC5B545CD4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3702.6.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df82dedc-e9b0-4ef5-b784-645897fcea00" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219728" ID-ZooBank="8C6DF7E7-0EFC-4EF9-96F6-96B26224C762" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460672535015" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martínez, Juan José, Corró-Molas, Bárbara & Alfonso, Graciela L." docDate="2013" docId="081387D7FFC68F22FF46F8C925C34D18" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03702p596.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3702 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tetradiplosis rayen Martinez, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="595" masterDocId="F42AFFAFFFC38F2AFFD1FFA4216C4E20" masterDocTitle="New species of Tetradiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing galls on Prosopis caldenia (Fabaceae) in Argentina" masterLastPageNumber="596" masterPageNumber="587" pageNumber="592" updateTime="1698348633171" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6E40A343E9F6D37A90A95E059AAFFE2B">New species of Tetradiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing galls on Prosopis caldenia (Fabaceae) in Argentina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B552CC5660404ABA91BA818FF7CE808">Martínez, Juan José</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CEE84D4BA40A6C77C09DA3DA7B9EFC8D">Corró-Molas, Bárbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FE261C8B697CDE86F4BB4E38D5921CAE">Alfonso, Graciela L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B61FC9CF49732C20A21D6B8D7D56D86D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A8F2512ADAF0AC04B6C51ECCE8B3F54E">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5531ED83586CF9C8B32027D07A44C415">3702</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CE63CD25B1802BAD1593A02351231B16" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3702.6.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="081387D7FFC68F22FF46F8C925C34D18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6154433" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119577638" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6154433" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:081387D7FFC68F22FF46F8C925C34D18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/081387D7FFC68F22FF46F8C925C34D18" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">
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<subSubSection id="C8A0654AFFC68F2DFF46F8C923054ACA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="594" pageId="5" pageNumber="592" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="800536C1FFC68F2FFF46F8C923F949A7" blockId="5.[151,661,1901,1961]" box="[151,661,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="DB4D81ADFFC68F2FFF46F8C923F949A7" bold="true" box="[151,661,1901,1927]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="592" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC68F2FFF46F8C923F949A7" bold="true" box="[151,661,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">
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<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFC68F2FFF46F8C9209449A7" authority="Martinez" authorityName="Martinez" box="[151,504,1901,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Tetradiplosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayen" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC68F2FFF46F8C9201149A7" bold="true" box="[151,381,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">Tetradiplosis rayen</emphasis>
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Martínez
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9FD57A8FFC68F2FFDD4F8C923F949A7" box="[517,661,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="592" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="800536C1FFC68F2FFF46F834204B4989" blockId="5.[151,661,1901,1961]" box="[151,295,1936,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">
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(
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<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC68F2FFF4EF83420734989" box="[159,287,1936,1961]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 16 – 20" captionStart-1="FIGURES 21 – 27" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1773,1795]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1412,400,1752]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1388,188,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1435,359,1780]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[172,1399,179,1915]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 16 – 20. Tetradiplosis rayen. 16, head frontal; 17, male third antennal flagellomere; 18, female third flagellomere; 19, wing; 20, tarsal claw, empodium, and pulvillus of hind leg." captionText-1="FIGURES 21 – 27. Tetradiplosis rayen. 21, male genitalia, dorsal; 22, abdomen of female, lateral; 23, female terminalia, lateral; 24, pupal antennal horns; 25, pupal abdominal tergites, lateral; 26, larval spatula and associated papillae, ventral; 27, larval terminal segments, dorsal." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/219732/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/219733/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">Figs 16–26</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="800536C1FFC68F2DFF46F87C25B74A77" blockId="5.[151,587,2008,2033]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,942,2014]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="594" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">
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Adult: Body length 4.1–5.0 mm (n= 7)
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<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC48F2DFF16FC0A20614DE7" box="[199,269,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Head:</emphasis>
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Eyes large, widely connate (
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<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFD84FC0A23CD4DE7" box="[597,673,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 20" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[180,1412,400,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,359,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 20. Tetradiplosis rayen. 16, head frontal; 17, male third antennal flagellomere; 18, female third flagellomere; 19, wing; 20, tarsal claw, empodium, and pulvillus of hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219732/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig 16</figureCitation>
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), eye bridge about 9 facets long, facets hexagonal, closely adjacent throughout. Occiput without dorsal protuberance. Frons with 3–4 setae per side. Palpus four segmented. Labella evenly convex in frontal view, each with 6–8 lateral setae. Male third flagellomere (
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<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFB8EFC5225DE4A2F" box="[1119,1202,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 20" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[180,1412,400,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,359,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 20. Tetradiplosis rayen. 16, head frontal; 17, male third antennal flagellomere; 18, female third flagellomere; 19, wing; 20, tarsal claw, empodium, and pulvillus of hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219732/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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) binodal, with three circumfila, first and third circumfila loops distinctly long, second circumfilum loops much shorter. Female third flagellomere (
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<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFEE5FB9A20E84A77" box="[308,388,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 20" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[180,1412,400,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,359,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 20. Tetradiplosis rayen. 16, head frontal; 17, male third antennal flagellomere; 18, female third flagellomere; 19, wing; 20, tarsal claw, empodium, and pulvillus of hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219732/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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) 3.7–3.8 times longer than its median width, with two appressed circumfila.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D4C56649FFC58F2CFF46F83220CE49C9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219733/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="593" targetBox="[192,1388,188,1886]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="800536C1FFC58F2CFF46F83220CE49C9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1942,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="593">
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<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC58F2CFF46F832203F498C" bold="true" box="[151,339,1942,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="593">FIGURES 21–27.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFC58F2CFE88F8322370498C" box="[345,540,1942,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Tetradiplosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayen">
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<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC58F2CFE88F8322370498C" box="[345,540,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="593">Tetradiplosis rayen</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. 21, male genitalia, dorsal; 22, abdomen of female, lateral; 23, female terminalia, lateral; 24, pupal antennal horns; 25, pupal abdominal tergites, lateral; 26, larval spatula and associated papillae, ventral; 27, larval terminal segments, dorsal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="D4C56649FFC48F2DFF46FCE920884DA1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219734/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594" targetBox="[150,1436,193,823]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="800536C1FFC48F2DFF46FCE920884DA1" blockId="7.[151,1436,845,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">
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<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC48F2DFF46FCE9203A4D43" bold="true" box="[151,342,845,867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">FIGURES 28–30.</emphasis>
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28 external morphology of galls induced by
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<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFC48F2DFCFEFCEA22E84D43" box="[815,900,846,867]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Tetradiplosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayen">
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<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC48F2DFCFEFCEA22E84D43" box="[815,900,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">T. rayen</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 29, detail of the subapical exit hole; 30, immature larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFC48F2DFF27FCC820254DA1" box="[246,329,876,897]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Tetradiplosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayen">
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<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC48F2DFF27FCC820254DA1" box="[246,329,876,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">T. rayen</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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inside the gall.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="800536C1FFC48F2DFF16FBC623054ACA" blockId="7.[151,1436,942,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">
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<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC48F2DFF16FBC6204D4A5B" box="[199,289,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Wing length, male
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<quantity id="47429B24FFC48F2DFE2CFBC723E84A5A" box="[509,644,1123,1147]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="594" unit="mm" value="3.3" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.4 mm</quantity>
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(n= 4); female
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<quantity id="47429B24FFC48F2DFCE3FBC622D44A5A" box="[818,952,1122,1147]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="594" unit="mm" value="3.6" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.5">3.5–3.7 mm</quantity>
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(n= 3). Wing veins M3, Cu1 and Cu2 fading apically (
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<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFED0FB2D203D4A81" box="[257,337,1161,1186]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 20" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[180,1412,400,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,359,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 20. Tetradiplosis rayen. 16, head frontal; 17, male third antennal flagellomere; 18, female third flagellomere; 19, wing; 20, tarsal claw, empodium, and pulvillus of hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219732/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig 19</figureCitation>
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). Anepimeron with 18–23 setae. Acropods with claws bent before middle length and bidentate (
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<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFF4EFB0921994AE6" box="[159,245,1197,1222]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 20" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[180,1412,400,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,359,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 20. Tetradiplosis rayen. 16, head frontal; 17, male third antennal flagellomere; 18, female third flagellomere; 19, wing; 20, tarsal claw, empodium, and pulvillus of hind leg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219732/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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), sometimes basal tooth reduced. Empodium as long as bend in claw or slightly longer. Pulvilli slightly shorter than half the length of empodium.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C8A0654AFFC48F2DFF16FB5123EA49FE" pageId="7" pageNumber="594" type="description">
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<paragraph id="800536C1FFC48F2DFF16FB5125B04BE2" blockId="7.[151,1436,942,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">
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<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC48F2DFF16FB51201B4B2E" box="[199,375,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Male abdomen:</emphasis>
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Tergites 1–6 rectangular with an irregular row of setae apically, a few setae laterally and a pair of anterior trichoid sensillae. Tergites 7 and 8 much shorter, and irregular in shape (similar to tergite
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<quantity id="47429B24FFC48F2DFB24FABD244C4B12" box="[1269,1312,1305,1330]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="7" pageNumber="594" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
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figure 22). Tergite 7 with a few scattered setae and a pair of anterior trichoid sensilla. Tergite 8 mostly devoid of vestiture except for a pair of trichoid sensillae. Genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFD6CFAC5227E4B59" box="[701,786,1377,1402]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,188,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[172,1399,179,1915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 27. Tetradiplosis rayen. 21, male genitalia, dorsal; 22, abdomen of female, lateral; 23, female terminalia, lateral; 24, pupal antennal horns; 25, pupal abdominal tergites, lateral; 26, larval spatula and associated papillae, ventral; 27, larval terminal segments, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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): Cercus well developed, as long as hypoproct or slightly longer, with the outer apical edges acute. Hypoproct bilobed. Aedeagus slender and slightly longer than hypoproct and cerci. Gonocoxites wide, not constricted in the middle. Gonostylus elongate, setulose basally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="800536C1FFC48F2DFF16FA6921AF4871" blockId="7.[151,1436,942,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">
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<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC48F2DFF16FA6920FA4BC6" box="[199,406,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Female abdomen:</emphasis>
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Tergites 1–7 rectangular, with an apical row of setae, a few lateral setae, and a pair of anterior trichoid sensillae. Tergite 8 very slightly sclerotized, devoid of vestiture except for a pair of trichoid sensillae (
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<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFED6F9B12030480E" box="[263,348,1557,1582]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,188,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[172,1399,179,1915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 27. Tetradiplosis rayen. 21, male genitalia, dorsal; 22, abdomen of female, lateral; 23, female terminalia, lateral; 24, pupal antennal horns; 25, pupal abdominal tergites, lateral; 26, larval spatula and associated papillae, ventral; 27, larval terminal segments, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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). Cerci uniformly ovoid, not tapering apically, with a set of closely set setae apicoventrally (
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<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFABFF9B121DB4871" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,188,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[172,1399,179,1915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 27. Tetradiplosis rayen. 21, male genitalia, dorsal; 22, abdomen of female, lateral; 23, female terminalia, lateral; 24, pupal antennal horns; 25, pupal abdominal tergites, lateral; 26, larval spatula and associated papillae, ventral; 27, larval terminal segments, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="800536C1FFC48F2DFF16F9FA244748BA" blockId="7.[151,1436,942,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC48F2DFF16F9FA20674855" box="[199,267,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Pupa:</emphasis>
|
||
Antennal base coarsely rugose. Antennal horns bidentate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFC16F9F9254C4856" box="[967,1056,1629,1654]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,188,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[172,1399,179,1915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 27. Tetradiplosis rayen. 21, male genitalia, dorsal; 22, abdomen of female, lateral; 23, female terminalia, lateral; 24, pupal antennal horns; 25, pupal abdominal tergites, lateral; 26, larval spatula and associated papillae, ventral; 27, larval terminal segments, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum coarsely rugose and without a median conical projection. Abdominal tergites with a single transverse row of spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFB1BF925247248BA" box="[1226,1310,1665,1690]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,188,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[172,1399,179,1915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 27. Tetradiplosis rayen. 21, male genitalia, dorsal; 22, abdomen of female, lateral; 23, female terminalia, lateral; 24, pupal antennal horns; 25, pupal abdominal tergites, lateral; 26, larval spatula and associated papillae, ventral; 27, larval terminal segments, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="800536C1FFC48F2DFF16F901219549B6" blockId="7.[151,1436,942,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFC48F2DFF16F90120F4489E" box="[199,408,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Third instar larva:</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="47429B24FFC48F2DFE24F9022310489D" box="[501,636,1702,1726]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="594" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="4.2">4.2–4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n= 6). Integument entirely covered with spicules. Antennae about two times longer than basal width. Spatula robust, with an anterior transversal lobe bearing four major teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFAEBF96D24E348C2" box="[1338,1423,1737,1762]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,188,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[172,1399,179,1915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 27. Tetradiplosis rayen. 21, male genitalia, dorsal; 22, abdomen of female, lateral; 23, female terminalia, lateral; 24, pupal antennal horns; 25, pupal abdominal tergites, lateral; 26, larval spatula and associated papillae, ventral; 27, larval terminal segments, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes with much smaller teeth between them. Spatula bears two lateral basal projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFB06F94924414926" box="[1239,1325,1773,1798]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,188,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[172,1399,179,1915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 27. Tetradiplosis rayen. 21, male genitalia, dorsal; 22, abdomen of female, lateral; 23, female terminalia, lateral; 24, pupal antennal horns; 25, pupal abdominal tergites, lateral; 26, larval spatula and associated papillae, ventral; 27, larval terminal segments, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
), apically almost meeting the outer edge of the transversal lobe. Two groups of three small setiform papillae present on each side of the spatula, between the lateral projections and the transversal lobe. Dorsal, pleural and terminal papillae bearing stout, conical setae. Terminal segment in dorsal view with five papillae on each side bearing conical setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="18812A44FFC48F2DFF4FF8D9218049B6" box="[158,236,1917,1942]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,188,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[172,1399,179,1915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 27. Tetradiplosis rayen. 21, male genitalia, dorsal; 22, abdomen of female, lateral; 23, female terminalia, lateral; 24, pupal antennal horns; 25, pupal abdominal tergites, lateral; 26, larval spatula and associated papillae, ventral; 27, larval terminal segments, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Fig 27</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="800536C1FFC48F2DFF16F80523EA49FE" blockId="7.[151,1436,942,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="594">Etymology: The specific epithet derives from the Ranquel language, meaning “flower”, in reference to the location of the galls induced by this species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C8A0654AFFCB8F22FF16FF3322BC4ED8" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="800536C1FFCB8F22FF16FF3322BC4ED8" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFCB8F22FF16FF3320C94E90" box="[199,421,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5F018863FFCB8F22FE7CFF3C232D4E90" box="[429,577,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
MALE:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F8AD7651FFCB8F22FD78FF3322774E90" box="[681,795,151,176]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, La Pampa, Santa Rosa, Laguna Don Tomás,
|
||
<date id="F4041001FFCB8F22FAF2FF3324FB4E90" box="[1315,1431,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" value="2009-07-02">2.vii.2009</date>
|
||
, de agallas en inflorescencias de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FDDAFF1922164EF4" authority="J.J. Martinez" authorityName="J.J. Martinez" box="[523,890,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caldenia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFCB8F22FDDAFF1923BB4EF5" box="[523,727,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">Prosopis caldenia</emphasis>
|
||
, J.J. Martínez
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
col. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="E6ABAE04FFCB8F22FC6CFF1825794EF4" box="[957,1045,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
<typeStatus id="5F018863FFCB8F22FBF7FF1825A84EF4" box="[1062,1220,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
, three males, three females, six larvae and one pupal exuvia, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5F018863FFCB8F22FCD1FF7B220E4ED8" box="[768,866,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="E6ABAE04FFCB8F22FCA0FF4422A54ED8" box="[881,969,224,248]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C8A0654AFFCB8F22FF16FEA125C34D18" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="800536C1FFCB8F22FF16FEA123F34F60" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFCB8F22FF16FEA1202A4F3C" box="[199,326,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
Pupal description is based on a single pupal exuvia, it was not possible to observe the prothoracic spiracles due to the condition of the specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="800536C1FFCB8F22FF16FEE825C34D18" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFCB8F22FF16FEE823D04F44" box="[199,700,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">
|
||
Biological observations:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FE32FEE823D04F44" box="[483,700,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Tetradiplosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayen">Tetradiplosis rayen</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
induces stem galls on the rachis of the developing inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FF68FED520544FA8" box="[185,312,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caldenia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFCB8F22FF68FED520544FA8" box="[185,312,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">P. caldenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
causing complete flower and fruit abortion. The resulting gall is a lignified pedicelate fruit like structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="18812A44FFCB8F22FEDDFE30200E4F8C" box="[268,354,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 30. 28" captionStartId="7.[151,264,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,823]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,193,823]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 30. 28 external morphology of galls induced by T. rayen; 29, detail of the subapical exit hole; 30, immature larvae of T. rayen inside the gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219734/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a single central longitudinal chamber containing several cecidomyiid larvae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="18812A44FFCB8F22FAE6FE3024FC4F8C" box="[1335,1424,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 30. 28" captionStartId="7.[151,264,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,823]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,193,823]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 30. 28 external morphology of galls induced by T. rayen; 29, detail of the subapical exit hole; 30, immature larvae of T. rayen inside the gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219734/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adults emerge in spring from the previous year’s galls and probably oviposit on or near developing inflorescences. Immature larvae can be found inside the galls during spring and early summer. Mature larvae remain in the galls from late summer until the following spring, when adults emerge through a single subapical emergence hole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="18812A44FFCB8F22FABFFE5B21DB4C1C" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 30. 28" captionStartId="7.[151,264,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,823]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,193,823]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 30. 28 external morphology of galls induced by T. rayen; 29, detail of the subapical exit hole; 30, immature larvae of T. rayen inside the gall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219734/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
). The life history strategy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FDD3FD8123324C1C" box="[514,606,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Tetradiplosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFCB8F22FDD3FD8123324C1C" box="[514,606,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">T. rayen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cannot be clearly included in any of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5F018863FFCB8F22FBE6FD81251E4C1D" box="[1079,1138,549,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">types</typeStatus>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E42B4B30FFCB8F22FAC0FD80200D4C40" author="Yukawa" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" refString="Yukawa, J & Rohfritsch, O. (2007) Biology and ecology of gall-inducing Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). In: Raman, A., Schaefer, C. W. & Withers, T. Biology, ecology, and evolution of gall inducing arthropods. Science Publishers Inc. Einfeld- Plymouth, pp. 239 - 272." type="book chapter" year="2007">Yukawa and Rohfritsch (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The overwintering stage inside the gall is the third instar larva is similar to their definition of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5F018863FFCB8F22FF46FDC921AB4CA5" box="[151,199,621,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II A, but in Yukawa and Rohfritsch’s classification the development of the first instar larva seems to take more time compared with our observations on the development of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FC8DFD3522D74C88" box="[860,955,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Tetradiplosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFCB8F22FC8DFD3522D74C88" box="[860,955,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">T. rayen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The galls induced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FB18FD3524444C88" box="[1225,1320,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Tetradiplosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rayen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFCB8F22FB18FD3524444C88" box="[1225,1320,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">T. rayen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
support a much simpler community than that of galls induced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FCD8FD1122F24CED" box="[777,926,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Tetradiplosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panghitruz">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFCB8F22FCD8FD1122F24CED" box="[777,926,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">T. panghitruz</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FB0EFD1024344CED" box="[1247,1368,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Torymidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only common parasitoid in this gall; additionally one braconid larva was collected while dissecting the galls, probably belonging to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FDF2FD5823F34D35" box="[547,671,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Allorhogas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFCB8F22FDF2FD5823F34D35" box="[547,671,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">Allorhogas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. After the emergence of the adult cecidomyiids, some galls are occupied by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FEF7FCBB23554D18" box="[294,569,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmelachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2CEEAD3FFCB8F22FEF7FCBB23554D18" box="[294,569,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="595">Myrmelachista gallicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FD96FC84238A4D18" box="[583,742,800,824]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47BA4D42FFCB8F22FD21FCBB221E4D18" box="[752,882,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Quirán & Martínez 2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |