314 lines
26 KiB
XML
314 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8cf75f55-a7cd-41e9-b1dd-81e7f682a902" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282522" checkinTime="1460542058909" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saucède, Thomas, Dudicourt, Jean-Christophe & Courville, Philippe" docDate="2012" docId="03E487FAFF89FFE2FF2EFE88FB62FF6F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03512p088.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3512" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@b4d83ac" docStyleName="zootaxa.2007.monograph" docTitle="Pygolampas edita" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="FFDDFF82FF8EFFEBFFB9FF54FF9EFF98" masterDocTitle="Description of two new fossil echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the Early Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous) of the Paris Basin (France)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1636810421056" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of two new fossil echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the Early Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous) of the Paris Basin (France)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Saucède, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dudicourt, Jean-Christophe</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Courville, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3512</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>75</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282522</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">8cf75f55-a7cd-41e9-b1dd-81e7f682a902</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">282522</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5694041" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119528315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5694041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487FAFF89FFE2FF2EFE88FB62FF6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487FAFF89FFE2FF2EFE88FB62FF6F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,552,475,535]" box="[151,552,475,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,552,475,502]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,552,475,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,363,476,502]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Pygolampas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edita">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,363,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Pygolampas edita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,552,475,535]" box="[151,441,510,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<figureCitation box="[151,283,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1391,1127,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[194,1392,1127,1918]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Pygolampas edita gen. et sp. nov., holotype, GR-PC. 1709, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Narcy; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), anterior (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 1.2; F, detail of apical system and petals in apical view, x 1.7. Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282526/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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Figures
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<number box="[242,256,510,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="4.0">4</number>
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A
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</figureCitation>
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–F and
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<number box="[367,381,510,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="5.0">5</number>
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A–B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,582,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,583,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<typeStatus box="[151,262,583,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus box="[324,422,582,606]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">holotype</typeStatus>
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and only known specimen is GR-PC.
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<number box="[847,904,582,606]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="1709.0">1709</number>
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. It is housed in collections of the department of Earth Sciences, Géosciences, Université de Rennes
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<number box="[731,745,618,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="1.0">1</number>
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(Rennes,
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<collectingCountry box="[857,938,618,642]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">France</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,582,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,365,654,679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<typeStatus box="[199,258,655,679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Collected by P. Courville near Narcy (
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<geoCoordinate box="[855,955,654,678]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" precision="925" value="48.966667">
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<number box="[855,886,654,678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="48.0">48</number>
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°
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<number box="[896,927,654,678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="58.0">58</number>
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’N
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[975,1071,654,678]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" precision="925" value="5.1666665">
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05°
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<number box="[1016,1046,654,678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="10.0">10</number>
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’E
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</geoCoordinate>
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), Haute Marne,
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<collectingCountry box="[1277,1357,655,678]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">France</collectingCountry>
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; Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian,
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<taxonomicName box="[435,699,691,715]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Berriasellidae" genus="Acanthodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="radiatus">
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<emphasis box="[435,699,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Acanthodiscus radiatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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chronozone, Calcaires à Spatangues Formation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[199,1307,726,751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,582,1074]" box="[199,1307,726,751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,727,751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Etymology.</emphasis>
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After the Latin “editus, a, um” (high, elevated) that refers to the high test morphology.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[199,681,762,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,582,1074]" box="[199,681,762,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,321,762,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[328,359,763,787]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">As</collectingCountry>
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for the genus, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,582,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,798,823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Description.</emphasis>
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Test length is 38.3 mm, test width 32.9 mm and test height
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<quantity box="[1038,1122,798,822]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
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. In apical view, test outline pentagonal, with anterior margin rounded, greatest width posterior to centre and posterior margin pointed, almost rostrate (
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<figureCitation box="[252,379,870,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1391,1127,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[194,1392,1127,1918]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Pygolampas edita gen. et sp. nov., holotype, GR-PC. 1709, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Narcy; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), anterior (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 1.2; F, detail of apical system and petals in apical view, x 1.7. Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282526/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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Fig.
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<number box="[307,322,870,894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="4.0">4</number>
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A, C
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</figureCitation>
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). In lateral view (
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<figureCitation box="[584,674,870,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1391,1127,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[194,1392,1127,1918]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Pygolampas edita gen. et sp. nov., holotype, GR-PC. 1709, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Narcy; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), anterior (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 1.2; F, detail of apical system and petals in apical view, x 1.7. Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282526/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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Fig.
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<number box="[638,654,870,894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="4.0">4</number>
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||
B
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</figureCitation>
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||
), test highly inflated adapically, flat adorally. Test dome-shaped in frontal view, with very low ambitus, situated at the lowest third of test height (
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<figureCitation box="[1028,1119,906,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1391,1127,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[194,1392,1127,1918]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Pygolampas edita gen. et sp. nov., holotype, GR-PC. 1709, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Narcy; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), anterior (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 1.2; F, detail of apical system and petals in apical view, x 1.7. Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282526/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Fig.
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||
<number box="[1080,1096,906,930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="4.0">4</number>
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||
D
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
). Oral side depressed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,582,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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Apical system anterior, distance between apical centre and front side
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<number box="[1030,1059,942,966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="38.0">38</number>
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||
% of test length. Apical system monobasal, covered with hydropores, with three genital pores, genital pore
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<number box="[1024,1038,978,1002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="3.0">3</number>
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||
is absent. Periproct inframarginal, oval, flush with test, tilted downwards (not visible in apical view). Peristome sub-central, the distance to the anterior side ca.
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<number box="[336,365,1050,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="48.0">48</number>
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% of test length, pentagonal in shape and depressed (
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<figureCitation box="[957,1046,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[194,1391,1127,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[194,1392,1127,1918]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Pygolampas edita gen. et sp. nov., holotype, GR-PC. 1709, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Narcy; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), anterior (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x 1.2; F, detail of apical system and petals in apical view, x 1.7. Scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282526/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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||
Fig.
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<number box="[1009,1025,1050,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" value="4.0">4</number>
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C
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282526/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" targetBox="[194,1391,1127,1917]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1941,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,276,1941,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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A–E,
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<taxonomicName box="[352,536,1942,1964]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Pygolampas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edita">
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<emphasis box="[352,536,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="82">Pygolampas edita</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
gen. et sp. nov., holotype, GR-PC.1709, Calcaires à Spatangues Fm, Narcy; apical (A), lateral (B), oral (C), anterior (D) and posterior (E) views of test, x1.2; F, detail of apical system and petals in apical view, x1.7. Scale bars: 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282527/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" targetBox="[227,1361,206,752]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,792,847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,793,816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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A–B, drawings of apical plate pattern (A) and phyllopores of ambulacrum IV (B) in
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<taxonomicName box="[1143,1326,793,815]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Pygolampas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edita">
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<emphasis box="[1143,1326,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName box="[1143,1268,793,815]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Pygolampas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Pygolampas</taxonomicName>
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edita
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. nov., holotype, GR-PC.1709.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,892,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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Petals flush with test, anterior petal and posterior petal pairs open adorally, ending gradually and tapering aborally; anterior petal pair bowed, closing adorally and tapering both adorally and aborally. About
|
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<number box="[1262,1290,927,951]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="20.0">20</number>
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||
pore pairs in a petal. Pore pairs located near the adoral boundary of ambulacral plates. Pores conjugate, the adradial pore of each pore-pair is very elongate, slit-like. There are no pore pairs in each ambulacral plate beyond petals (except in the phyllodes).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,892,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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Phyllodes well-developed, bowed, broad, pore pairs conjugate, distinct inner series of about
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<number box="[1255,1283,1071,1095]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="10.0">10</number>
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pore pairs in each half ambulacrum and outer series of about seven pore pairs. Inner (peradial) or lowermost (adoral) pore of a pore pair the same size as the outer (adradial) or uppermost (aborally) pore respectively. No buccal pores are present. Bourrelets slightly developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,892,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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The test is covered with small scrobicular tubercles that slightly increase in size adorally. No naked area in interambulacrum
|
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<number box="[349,363,1252,1276]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
on the oral side is present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,892,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1288,1312]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Remarks.</emphasis>
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In
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<emphasis box="[354,434,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">P. e d i t a</emphasis>
|
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gen. et sp. nov., test shape is quite atypical for neognathostomate echinoids in the Early Cretaceous. It seems to foreshadow the morphologies of ‘gitolampadid’ (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1072,1310,1324,1348]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cassiduloida" genus="Gitolampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lamberti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1072,1310,1324,1348]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Gitolampas lamberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Checchia-
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rispoli" box="[151,303,1359,1383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" refString="Checchia-Rispoli, G. (1921) Fauna del Neocretacico della Tripolitania: Echinidi. Memorie per servire alla Descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia, 8 (2), 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1921">
|
||
Rispoli,
|
||
<number box="[246,303,1359,1383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="1921.0">1921</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and ‘pygurid’ neognathostomates (e.g.
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<taxonomicName box="[757,988,1360,1384]" class="Echinoidea" family="Pygurids" genus="Pyguropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="noetlingi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[757,988,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Pyguropsis noetlingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
de
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<bibRefCitation author="Loriol" box="[1029,1173,1359,1383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" refString="Loriol, P. de (1899) Notes pour servir a l'etude des Echinodermes, tome 7. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d' Histoire naturelle de Geneve, 33, 2 (1), 3 - 34." type="journal article" year="1899">
|
||
Loriol,
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||
<number box="[1113,1173,1359,1383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="1899.0">1899</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
), which evolved at first in the Upper Cretaceous and show typical subpentagonal test outlines with rounded margins, planar oral surfaces (but sunken towards the peristome), domed to subconical upper surfaces and tapering posterior ends. However,
|
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<taxonomicName class="Echinoidea" genus="Pygolampas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edita">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">P. edita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov. differ from both ‘gitolampadid ‘ and ‘pygurid echinoids by the presence of three gonopores and absence of buccal pores. The presence of short and strongly bowed phyllodes with well-developed inner and outer series of pore-pairs, slightly developed bourrelets, no buccal pores and the absence of oral naked granular zone in interambulacrum
|
||
<number box="[437,451,1575,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
are diagnostic characters of ‘catopygids’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kier" box="[926,1043,1575,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" refString="Kier, P. M. (1962) Revision of the cassiduloid echinoids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 144 (3), pp. 262." type="journal article" year="1962">
|
||
Kier
|
||
<number box="[984,1043,1575,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="1962.0">1962</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith" box="[1055,1302,1575,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" refString="Smith A. B. & Wright, C. W. (2000) British Cretaceous echinoids. Part 6, Neognathostomata (Cassiduloids). Palaeontographical Society Monographs, London, 391 - 429." type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
Smith & Wright
|
||
<number box="[1242,1302,1575,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="2000.0">2000</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a group of cassiduloids with no representative recorded in the CSF so far. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1019,1106,1612,1636]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Pygolampas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="edita">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1019,1106,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">P. edita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov. differ from ‘catopygids’ by its high rostrate test shape and monobasal apical system with
|
||
<number box="[1066,1080,1647,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
gonopores. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kier" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" refString="Kier, P. M. (1962) Revision of the cassiduloid echinoids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 144 (3), pp. 262." type="journal article" year="1962">
|
||
Kier (
|
||
<number box="[159,219,1684,1708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="1962.0">1962</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, cassiduloids might have evolved monobasal apical systems not until the end of the Cretaceous. The discovery of
|
||
<emphasis box="[297,376,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">P. e d i t a</emphasis>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov. in the Early Hauterivian challenges this classic evolutionary scheme.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,892,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,284,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">P. e d i t a</emphasis>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov. is also very similar in test shape, apical system and ambulacral pores to some ‘pliolampadid’ echinoids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Wright, 1855" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1855" box="[507,913,1791,1816]" class="Echinodermata" family="Echinodermata" genus="Pliolampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinodermata" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vassalli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[507,732,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Pliolampas vassalli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wright" box="[750,905,1791,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" refString="Wright, T. W. (1855 - 60) M onograph of the British fossil Echinodermata of the Oolitic formations, vol. 1, Echinoidea. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London, 481 pp." type="book" year="1855">
|
||
Wright,
|
||
<number box="[848,905,1791,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="1855.0">1855</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Laube, 1869" authorityName="Laube" authorityYear="1869" box="[976,1353,1791,1816]" class="Echinoidea" family="Neolampadidae" genus="Studeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis box="[976,1166,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Studeria elegans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Laube" box="[1178,1353,1791,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" refString="Laube, G. C. (1869) Ueber einiger fossile Echiniden von den Murray Cliffs in Sud-Australien. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 59, 183 - 189." type="journal article" year="1869">
|
||
(Laube,
|
||
<number box="[1275,1334,1791,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="1869.0">1869</number>
|
||
))
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which evolved in the Cenozoic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kier" box="[437,562,1828,1852]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" refString="Kier, P. M. (1962) Revision of the cassiduloid echinoids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 144 (3), pp. 262." type="journal article" year="1962">
|
||
Kier,
|
||
<number box="[502,562,1828,1852]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="1962.0">1962</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis box="[612,692,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">P. e di ta</emphasis>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[884,998,1828,1852]" class="Echinodermata" family="Echinodermata" genus="Pliolampas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinodermata" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vassalli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[884,998,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">P. vassalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1052,1166,1828,1852]" class="Echinoidea" family="Neolampadidae" genus="Studeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cassiduloida" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1052,1166,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">S. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the test is inflated with rounded margins, pointed posterior end and flat oral surface (but sunken towards the peristome). The apical system is monobasal with three gonopores (gonopore
|
||
<number box="[682,696,1900,1924]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
absent), ambulacral pores are conjugate in petals, single beyond petals and bourrelets weakly developed.
|
||
<emphasis box="[607,686,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">P. e d i t a</emphasis>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov differ from the two other species by the absence of both buccal pores and single pored phyllodes, two derived features which appeared at first in the Upper Cretaceous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kier" box="[158,277,2007,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" refString="Kier, P. M. (1962) Revision of the cassiduloid echinoids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 144 (3), pp. 262." type="journal article" year="1962">
|
||
Kier
|
||
<number box="[217,277,2007,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" value="1962.0">1962</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,280,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">P. e d i t a</emphasis>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov is characterized by a unique composition of morphological characters, either derived (monobasal apical system with three gonopores) or ancestral (presence of double pored phyllodes and absence of buccal pores).
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[315,346,224,248]" name="American Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
it does not fit into any other generic diagnosis, a new genus name was established.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |