460 lines
63 KiB
XML
460 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="57B371649023E4A0DB2EC4471833AD7C" ID-CLB-Dataset="4903" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.409.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1adfb85d-e74b-429e-967e-8c3fa8517951" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5027816" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1624552740322" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Moulton, John K., Adler, Peter H. & Prince, Jane" docDate="2004" docId="03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00409.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 409 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.409.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Paracnephia gladiator Moulton & Adler & Prince 2004, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFDDFF9DDF42610CB15A5A3CFF95FF90" masterDocTitle="An unusual new species of Paracnephia Rubtsov (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Western Australia" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699020396855" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F3C930EDA0A0DB98E44830A105563656">An unusual new species of Paracnephia Rubtsov (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Western Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DF48993EF4C5701AEE80934AE6A5D2F0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="49E3C7DDA6AB9359485FE1322CED83DC">Moulton, John K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4C28921AFABB33EA03C059159F534078">Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 205 Ellington Plant Sciences Building, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA 37996 - 4560 (jmoulton @ utk. edu).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="51ACF1B083A325263115861790FCE408">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D89FD21B23F7C82AC21AEA054B326032">Division of Entomology, 114 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA 29634 - 0315 (padler @ clemson. edu).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="488298A87144A2BD57A0B1D57379FCA8">Prince, Jane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="87A79F0A0D752906435A373DD3EA019E">Department of Zoology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia (jprince @ cyllene. uwa. edu. au).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B07B0C11E47AE5C288BFB8DF4E68053E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="96493D50B3B727AB1EBF8D305ED70FF4">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8433D87EE178E805CD48863C5A7B360E">2004-01-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E662E9DADDF86CD5101EFF581D5D99ED">409</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5227742" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184640168" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5227742" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C3576578DF40610EB05259DAFC00FB90" box="[264,917,998,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF40610EB05259DAFC00FB90" blockId="2.[264,917,998,1059]" box="[264,917,998,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0BA819FDF40610EB05259DAFC00FB90" bold="true" box="[264,917,998,1024]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF40610EB05259DAFC00FB90" bold="true" box="[264,917,998,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF40610EB05259DAFD6DFB90" ID-CoL="89MV2" authority="Moulton & Adler" authorityName="Moulton & Adler & Prince" authorityYear="2004" box="[264,760,998,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF40610EB05259DAFD82FB90" bold="true" box="[264,535,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paracnephia gladiator</emphasis>
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Moulton & Adler
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A579ADF40610EB25F59DAFC00FB90" box="[773,917,998,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C3576578DF40610EB0525E35FE1DFBB3" box="[264,392,1033,1059]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF40610EB0525E35FE1DFBB3" blockId="2.[264,917,998,1059]" box="[264,392,1033,1059]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13762A76DF40610EB04B5E35FEEAFBB3" box="[273,383,1033,1059]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="5.[264,368,1532,1556]" captionStartId-1="6.[264,368,1801,1825]" captionStartId-2="7.[264,368,1059,1083]" captionStartId-3="7.[264,367,1649,1673]" captionStartId-4="8.[264,367,1817,1841]" captionStartId-5="9.[264,367,895,919]" captionTargetBox-0="[272,1309,329,1502]" captionTargetBox-1="[366,1220,616,1762]" captionTargetBox-2="[305,1296,339,1017]" captionTargetBox-3="[284,1308,1256,1618]" captionTargetBox-4="[484,1118,560,1767]" captionTargetBox-5="[411,1175,317,845]" captionTargetId-0="figure-129@5.[272,1315,329,1506]" captionTargetId-1="figure-101@6.[353,1234,609,1774]" captionTargetId-2="figure-99@7.[285,1301,329,1033]" captionTargetId-3="figure-102@7.[269,1313,1241,1634]" captionTargetId-4="figure-74@8.[443,1144,529,1790]" captionTargetId-5="figure-237@9.[354,1233,308,872]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. A. Maxillary palpus (male, general structure same in female, basal two palpomeres omitted). B. Calcipala of female. C. Tarsal claws of female. D. Cephalic plate of pupa. E. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (dorsal; phase contrast). F. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (ventral; phase contrast)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. Female terminalia, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. Male terminalia. A. Ventral view, with left gonocoxa and gonostylus removed (median sclerite not shown). B. Ventral plate and median sclerite, lateral view." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. Pupa; cocoon omitted." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. Larval head capsule, dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. Larval hypostoma." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027818" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027820" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027822" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027824" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027826" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027828" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5027818/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5027820/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5027822/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5027824/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5027826/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5027828/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3576578DF40610EB0525E65FBA7FBE0" box="[264,1074,1113,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF40610EB0525E65FBA7FBE0" blockId="2.[264,1074,1113,1137]" box="[264,1074,1113,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5D11DDDF40610EB0525E65FBA7FBE0" box="[264,1074,1113,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF40610EB0415E66FEE0FBE1" ID-CoL="3RFT" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1921" box="[283,373,1114,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF40610EB0415E66FEE0FBE1" box="[283,373,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cnephia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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“B” Bedo in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10E2DF40610EB35C5E65FD47FBE0" author="Rothfels, K. H." box="[518,722,1113,1136]" page="522" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B02DF40610EB35C5E65FD47FBE0" author="Rothfels, K. H." box="[518,722,1113,1136]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref4498" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology 24:" type="journal volume" year="1979">Rothfels 1979: 522</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(brief chromosomal description)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3576578DF406108B0525E98FB46FB66" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF40610FB0525E98FB8EFC4E" blockId="2.[264,1323,1188,1894]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF40610EB0525E98FEFFFB2E" bold="true" box="[264,362,1188,1214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Female.</emphasis>
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Length: thorax 1.4–1.7 mm; wing 3.4–4.4 mm. Body color orange, with gray pollinosity. Frons gray, with sparse golden pile. Clypeus pale grayish brown, about as long as wide, with proclinate, golden setae. Occiput gray, with black pile dorsally and pale golden pile laterally. Antenna with golden pile; scape and pedicel orangebrown; flagellum orange. Proboscis pale brown, about 1/3 height of head. Mandible with 44–50 teeth along inner margin. Lacinia with 32–36 retrorse teeth. Maxillary palpus (
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<figureCitation id="13762A76DF40610EB5365F50FB52FA16" box="[1132,1223,1388,1414]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1532,1556]" captionTargetBox="[272,1309,329,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[272,1315,329,1506]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. A. Maxillary palpus (male, general structure same in female, basal two palpomeres omitted). B. Calcipala of female. C. Tarsal claws of female. D. Cephalic plate of pupa. E. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (dorsal; phase contrast). F. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (ventral; phase contrast)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027818/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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) brown, with brown setae; ratio of palpomeres (III: IV: V) 1.6: 1.0: 1.2; sensory vesicle of palpomere III positioned subcentrally, occupying about 1/5 length of segment; external opening oval, occupying 1/2–2/3 of structure, positioned at end of short neck. Median proximal space of cibarium broadly Ushaped, lacking setae and armature. Postpronotum pale brown, with golden pile. Proepisternum brown, with tuft of golden setae. Scutum orange, with gray pollinosity, golden, decumbent pile anteriorly, golden brown, recumbent setae posteriorly, and 3 silvery gray stripes. Anepisternum and katepisternum brown; membranous areas of thoracic pleuron gray. Mesepimeral tuft golden. Scutellum beige, with long, brown setae recumbent anteriorly and decumbent posteriorly. Metanotum brown, pollinose. Wing translucent; veins pale brown, with dark brown setae. Basalmedial cell present. Basalradial cell about onefifth length of wing.
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<collectingRegion id="4989F811DF40610EB51F5D18FB12F8AE" box="[1093,1159,1828,1854]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Costa</collectingRegion>
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with hairlike setae proximal to, and hairlike setae and spinelike setae distal to, midlength of subcosta. Subcosta and Rs with hairs only on ventral surface. Base of radius and R1 with hairlike setae dorsally. Rs with no trace of fork apically. False vein forked apically. M1 and M2 nearly straight, reaching wing margin. CuA1 straight, reaching wing margin. CuA2 sinuous, reaching wing margin. A1 straight, not reaching wing margin. A2 curved, not reaching wing margin. Halter beige, with brown stem. Legs mostly pale yellow, with golden brown, simple setae; femora and tibiae slightly darkened apically. Prothoracic leg with coxa yellowish brown, slightly darker than majority of leg; distal two tarsomeres brown dorsally. Mesothoracic leg differing from prothoracic leg by having brown coxa. Metathoracic leg identical in color to prothoracic leg; calcipala (
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<figureCitation id="13762A76DF41610FB5495860FBE1FDE6" box="[1043,1140,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1532,1556]" captionTargetBox="[272,1309,329,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[272,1315,329,1506]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. A. Maxillary palpus (male, general structure same in female, basal two palpomeres omitted). B. Calcipala of female. C. Tarsal claws of female. D. Cephalic plate of pupa. E. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (dorsal; phase contrast). F. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (ventral; phase contrast)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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) rounded and extended 1/4 length of second tarsomere. Claws (
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<figureCitation id="13762A76DF41610FB20C58B8FC3AFD0E" box="[854,943,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1532,1556]" captionTargetBox="[272,1309,329,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[272,1315,329,1506]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. A. Maxillary palpus (male, general structure same in female, basal two palpomeres omitted). B. Calcipala of female. C. Tarsal claws of female. D. Cephalic plate of pupa. E. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (dorsal; phase contrast). F. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (ventral; phase contrast)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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) simple, rarely with small, subbasal tooth. Abdomen lacking noticeable sclerites, except for tergite II and sternites II and VII. Membranous areas gray. Abdominal segment I beige, fringed with long, golden setae. Terminalia (
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<figureCitation id="13762A76DF41610FB0B258C0FDA7FC86" box="[488,562,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[366,1220,616,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-101@6.[353,1234,609,1774]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. Female terminalia, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027820/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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): Genital fork with stem expanded apically; arms expanded distally, lacking anteriorly projected apodemes. Hypogynial valve broadly rounded; apex curved medially; space between valves widest anteriorly. Spermatheca spherical, brown, lacking external sculpturing, but with internal creases; lacking internal hairs or spicules; junction with spermathecal duct unpigmented. Anal lobe subquadrate, with rounded lobe ventrally. Cercus rounded posteriorly, about twice as long as wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF41610FB06259D0FB3BFAD6" blockId="3.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF41610FB06259D0FEEBFB96" bold="true" box="[312,382,1004,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male.</emphasis>
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Length: Thorax, 1.1–1.2 mm. Wing, 3.1–3.2 mm. Identical to female except as follows: Clypeus reduced to narrow strip, with long, brown pile. Sensory vesicle (
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<figureCitation id="13762A76DF41610FB5A35E28FEBEFBC6" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1532,1556]" captionTargetBox="[272,1309,329,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[272,1315,329,1506]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. A. Maxillary palpus (male, general structure same in female, basal two palpomeres omitted). B. Calcipala of female. C. Tarsal claws of female. D. Cephalic plate of pupa. E. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (dorsal; phase contrast). F. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (ventral; phase contrast)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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) subglobular, 1/5 length of palpomere, with distinct neck. Scutum with variable, but consistently darker pollinosity. Abdominal tergites and sternites brown with brassy sheen; membranous areas gray. Terminalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A76DF41610FB3E55EB0FC92FB36" box="[703,775,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1059,1083]" captionTargetBox="[305,1296,339,1017]" captionTargetId="figure-99@7.[285,1301,329,1033]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. Male terminalia. A. Ventral view, with left gonocoxa and gonostylus removed (median sclerite not shown). B. Ventral plate and median sclerite, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027822/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
): Gonocoxite about 3 times longer than greatest width. Gonostylus about 2/3 as long as gonocoxite, with 2 apical spines. Ventral plate about as wide as long, with narrow median carina. Dorsal plate not developed. Median sclerite forked apically, its tines geniculate and directed dorsally. Paramere weakly sclerotized distally, its apex thin, membranous, and armed with series of small spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF416108B0625F68FC14FD56" blockId="3.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1325,284,1830]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF41610FB0625F68FEECFAFE" bold="true" box="[312,377,1364,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A76DF41610FB0D25F68FE44FAFE" box="[392,465,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[284,1308,1256,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-102@7.[269,1313,1241,1634]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. Pupa; cocoon omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027824/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length 3.9–4.6 mm. Head with numerous, barely perceptible, flattened granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A76DF41610FB0275F40FE48FA06" box="[381,477,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1532,1556]" captionTargetBox="[272,1309,329,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[272,1315,329,1506]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. A. Maxillary palpus (male, general structure same in female, basal two palpomeres omitted). B. Calcipala of female. C. Tarsal claws of female. D. Cephalic plate of pupa. E. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (dorsal; phase contrast). F. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (ventral; phase contrast)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027818/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
); trichomes arranged as 1 short, slender, seta on each side of cephalic plate, plus 1 pair of elongate, darkly pigmented spinelike seta on each side lateral to cephalic plate and near apex of antennal sheath, with posteriormost member of pair longest. Gill about 1/2 as long as thorax, consisting of 50–60 fine, gray filaments arising from short, knoblike base. Thorax shiny, smooth, generally lacking granules; trichomes in 4 transverse rows, with anteriormost row of 2 elongate, darkly pigmented, spinelike setae; second row of 4 such setae; third row of 2 or 3 slender, hairlike setae, fourth row of 1 hairlike pair and 1 elongate, darkly pigmented pair of setae. Thoracic scutellum and abdominal tergite I with 6–8 slender setae and 1 central pair of short, darkly pigmented spines. Abdominal tergite II with 0–4 fine setae and 10–12 longer, stouter setae along posterior margin; tergites III and IV with 3–4 fine setae and 12–14 stout, anteriorly directed, darkly pigmented hooks; tergite V with 8 fine setae and 8 stout, anteriorly directed, darkly pigmented hooks; tergite VI with 9 or 10 fine setae and 2 anteriorly directed hooks (sometimes set in pleural membrane); tergite VII with 6–8 fine setae; tergite VIII with 10–12 fine setae; tergite IX with 4 elongate, darkly pigmented setae and 1 pair of elongate, darkly pigmented tail hooks; tergites IV–IX with anterior row of variously developed spine combs. Pleural membrane of segments IV–VII with 2 or 3 stout, anteriorly directed, darkly pigmented, hooks per side; pleural membrane of segment VIII with 2 setae per side; pleural membrane of segment IX with cluster of 4 or 5 elongate, darkly pigmented setae per side. Abdominal sternites V and VI with 2–6 fine setae and 6 stout, anteriorly directed, darkly pigmented hooks; sternite VII with 4 stout, anteriorly directed, darkly pigmented hooks; sternite VIII with 2 slender setae. Cocoon a densely woven, amorphous sac, covering most or all of pupa, often retaining larval exuviae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF466108B06258E8FB46FB66" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF466108B06258E8FE11FD7E" bold="true" box="[312,388,724,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(final instar). Length 6.4–8.9 mm. Head capsule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A76DF466108B2AC58E8FBABFD7E" box="[1014,1086,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[484,1118,560,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-74@8.[443,1144,529,1790]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. Larval head capsule, dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027826/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) brown; head spots indistinct, varying from slightly positive to slightly negative; line over eyespots absent. Antenna brown, subequal in length to labralfan stalk. Labral fan with 75–85 primary rays; microtrichia of equal length; secondary fan straight. Hypostoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A76DF466108B5065970FB36FCF6" box="[1116,1187,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[264,367,895,919]" captionTargetBox="[411,1175,317,845]" captionTargetId="figure-237@9.[354,1233,308,872]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. Larval hypostoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027828/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) with teeth short, blunt, subequal in height; anterior margin concave; lateral serrations absent; 2 or 3 setae per side. Postgenal cleft subequal in length and width, straight or slightly rounded apically, extended about 1/3 distance to hypostomal groove. Maxillary palpus dark brown, unpigmented apically. Mandible with 3 darkly pigmented apical teeth, and 16 paler subapical teeth; inner subapical ridge with 1 large serration. Lateral plate of thoracic proleg moderately sclerotized, subquadrate. Body brown, unbanded; abdomen gradually expanded posteriorly. Integument with minute, subparallel, crenulate ridges dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A76DF466108B5A15E58FEBFFB36" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1532,1556]" captionTargetBox="[272,1309,329,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[272,1315,329,1506]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. A. Maxillary palpus (male, general structure same in female, basal two palpomeres omitted). B. Calcipala of female. C. Tarsal claws of female. D. Cephalic plate of pupa. E. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (dorsal; phase contrast). F. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (ventral; phase contrast)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027818/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
; visible with phase contrast) and rounded granules ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A76DF466108B55A5EB0FBCDFB36" box="[1024,1112,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1532,1556]" captionTargetBox="[272,1309,329,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-129@5.[272,1315,329,1506]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Paracnephia gladiator, new species. A. Maxillary palpus (male, general structure same in female, basal two palpomeres omitted). B. Calcipala of female. C. Tarsal claws of female. D. Cephalic plate of pupa. E. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (dorsal; phase contrast). F. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (ventral; phase contrast)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027818/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal sclerite Xshaped; anterodorsal arms about twice as thick and 1/2 as long as posterodorsal arms. Posterior proleg bearing 7–11 hooks in 44–48 rows. Rectal papillae of 3 simple lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3576578DF466108B0625F38FD68F8B6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF466108B0625F38FC42FAFE" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B253CAEDF466108B0625F38FC42FAFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336543302" collectingDate="1996-09-07" collectorName="J. K. Moulton & J. Prince." county="Male" latitude="-32.116665" location="Darling Reserve" longLatPrecision="1212" longitude="116.15" municipality="Jarrah Forest" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF466108B0625F38FE24FA8E" bold="true" box="[312,433,1284,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68851DF466108B0625F38FE39FA8E" box="[312,428,1284,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62934E7FDF466108B09B5F38FE68FA8E" box="[449,509,1284,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male</collectingCounty>
|
||
(pinned with pupal exuviae in glycerin vial below),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4989F811DF466108B5315F38FEBDFAD6" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B96AC89DF466108B06C5F10FE41FAD6" box="[310,468,1324,1350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Jarrah Forest</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF466108B0B85F10FD33FAD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF466108B0B85F10FD33FAD6" box="[482,678,1324,1350]" county="Male" latitude="-32.116665" longLatPrecision="1212" longitude="116.15" municipality="Jarrah Forest" name="Darling Reserve" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Western Australia">Darling Reserve</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF466108B3EF5F10FCE3FAD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF466108B3EF5F10FCE3FAD6" box="[693,886,1324,1350]" county="Male" latitude="-32.116665" longLatPrecision="1212" longitude="116.15" municipality="Jarrah Forest" name="Kangaroo Gully" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Western Australia">Kangaroo Gully</location>
|
||
, Brookton Hwy. (Rt. 40),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795034DF466108B5EE5F10FA81FAD6" box="[1204,1300,1324,1350]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-32.116665">32° 7' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
x
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795034DF466108B0525F68FEE0FAFE" box="[264,373,1364,1390]" degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="116.15">116° 9' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF31033DF466108B0D85F68FDCFFAFE" box="[386,602,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-09-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9DBDF466108B0D85F68FDCFFAFE" box="[386,602,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-09-07">7 September 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B85325DF466108B3FB5F68FCD1FAFE" box="[673,836,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. K. Moulton</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26B85325DF466108B2305F68FC42FAFE" box="[874,983,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. Prince.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF466108B0625F40FD8AF9A6" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B253CAEDF466108B0625F40FD8FF9A6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336543303" collectingDate="1973-08-21" collectingDateMax="1996-09-07" collectingDateMin="1973-08-21" collectorName="J. Prince & J. K. Moulton" county="Quinine Creek" latitude="-32.15" location="Same" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="116.191666" municipality="Same" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="139" specimenCount-female="23" specimenCount-larva="64" specimenCount-male="13" specimenCount-pupa="39" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF466108B0625F40FE29FA06" bold="true" box="[312,444,1404,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68851DF466108B0625F40FE2DFA06" box="[312,440,1404,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF466108B0965F40FD98FA06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF466108B0965F40FD98FA06" box="[460,525,1404,1430]" county="Quinine Creek" latitude="-32.15" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="116.191666" municipality="Same" name="Same" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Same</location>
|
||
data as holotype –
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B3A95F40FCC9FA06" box="[755,860,1404,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B2CD5F40FB9DFA06" box="[919,1032,1404,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">9 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(pinned with pupal exuviae in glycerin vial below),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B3385F98FD54FA2E" box="[610,705,1444,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B3955F98FCD1FA2E" box="[719,836,1444,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B2085F98FC56FA2E" box="[850,963,1444,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">60 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B28B5F98FBA8FA2E" box="[977,1085,1444,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="pupa">37 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
(in ethanol).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B96AC89DF466108B5B05F98FABEFA2E" box="[1258,1323,1444,1470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Same</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68851DF466108B0385FF0FE5EFA76" box="[354,459,1484,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except
|
||
<date id="FFF31033DF466108B3745FF0FD7BFA76" box="[558,750,1484,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1973-08-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9DBDF466108B3745FF0FD7BFA76" box="[558,750,1484,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1973-08-21">21 August 1973</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B85325DF466108B3A15FF0FCF4FA76" box="[763,865,1484,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. Prince</collectorName>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B2DB5FF0FC77FA76" box="[897,994,1484,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B2AA5FF0FBD8FA76" box="[1008,1101,1484,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
(in ethanol).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62934E7FDF466108B5AD5FF0FE1EF99E" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Quinine Creek</collectingCounty>
|
||
, Ashendon Hwy.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795034DF466108B3395FC8FD2AF99E" box="[611,703,1524,1550]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-32.15">32° 9' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
x
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795034DF466108B3865FC8FC1CF99E" box="[732,905,1524,1550]" degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" seconds="30" value="116.191666">116° 11' 30” E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF31033DF466108B2CC5FC8FBFBF99E" box="[918,1134,1524,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-09-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9DBDF466108B2CC5FC8FBFBF99E" box="[918,1134,1524,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-09-07">7 September 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B85325DF466108B5215FC8FA82F99E" box="[1147,1303,1524,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J.K. Moulton</collectorName>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B0525C20FE1DF9A6" box="[264,392,1564,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(in ethanol)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF466108B0625C78FD68F8B6" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B253CAEDF466108B0625C78FD3AF916" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336543304" collectingDate="1996-09-07" collectorName="J. K. Moulton & J. Prince." county="Male" latitude="-32.116665" location="Same" longLatPrecision="1212" longitude="116.15" municipality="Jarrah Forest" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="246" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-larva="152" specimenCount-male="22" specimenCount-pupa="66" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF466108B0625C78FD43F9CE" bold="true" box="[312,726,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Additional Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF466108B3BF5C78FCB3F9CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF466108B3BF5C78FCB3F9CE" box="[741,806,1604,1630]" name="Same" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Same</location>
|
||
data as holotype—
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B5565C78FB12F9CE" box="[1036,1159,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">152 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B5C95C78FA94F9CE" box="[1171,1281,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="pupa">66 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B4575C78FED9F916" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">22 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B0DD5C50FE6CF916" box="[391,505,1644,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(with exuviae)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B253CAEDF466108B39E5C50FBEEF93E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336543306" collectingDate="1996-09-07" collectorName="J. K. Moulton & J. Prince" latitude="-32.15" location="Quinine Creek" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="116.191666" municipality="Ashendon Hwy." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-larva="2" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF466108B39E5C50FCE6F916" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF466108B39E5C50FCE6F916" box="[708,883,1644,1670]" latitude="-32.15" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="116.191666" municipality="Ashendon Hwy." name="Quinine Creek" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Western Australia">Quinine Creek</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B96AC89DF466108B2DA5C50FBD5F916" box="[896,1088,1644,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ashendon Hwy.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795034DF466108B5175C50FB3FF916" box="[1101,1194,1644,1670]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-32.15">32° 9' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
x
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795034DF466108B5905C50FEDBF93E" degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" seconds="30" value="116.191666">116° 11' 30” E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF31033DF466108B0065CA8FDA0F93E" box="[348,565,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-09-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9DBDF466108B0065CA8FDA0F93E" box="[348,565,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-09-07">7 September 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B85325DF466108B3185CA8FD4AF93E" box="[578,735,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J.K. Moulton</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26B85325DF466108B25C5CA8FCF8F93E" box="[774,877,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. Prince</collectorName>
|
||
—
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B2D05CA8FC7FF93E" box="[906,1002,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B2AD5CA8FBEEF93E" box="[1015,1147,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">13 females</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFF31033DF466108B5DD5CA8FED0F946" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-09-14">14 September 1996</date>
|
||
, J.K. Moulton—
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B3515C80FDFFF946" box="[523,618,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B253CAEDF466108B3265C80FCAAF96E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336543301" collectingDate="1996-09-08" collectorName="J. K. Moulton" latitude="-32.2" location="Churchman's Brook" longLatPrecision="1212" longitude="116.11667" municipality="Canning Dam Road" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF466108B3265C80FCFEF946" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF466108B3265C80FCFEF946" box="[636,875,1724,1750]" latitude="-32.2" longLatPrecision="1212" longitude="116.11667" municipality="Canning Dam Road" name="Churchman's Brook" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Western Australia">Churchman’s Brook</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B96AC89DF466108B22D5C80FBF7F946" box="[887,1122,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Canning Dam Road</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795034DF466108B5345C80FB42F946" box="[1134,1239,1724,1750]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-32.2">32° 12' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
x
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795034DF466108B5AE5C80FEADF96E" degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="116.11667">116° 7' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF31033DF466108B01F5CD8FD88F96E" box="[325,541,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-09-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9DBDF466108B01F5CD8FD88F96E" box="[325,541,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-09-08">8 September 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B85325DF466108B3705CD8FD44F96E" box="[554,721,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. K. Moulton</collectorName>
|
||
—
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B3AA5CD8FCAAF96E" box="[752,831,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B253CAEDF466108B2095CD8FD6CF8B6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336543305" collectingDate="1996-09-08" collectorName="J. K. Moulton" latitude="-32.4" location="Goldmine Gully" longLatPrecision="1211" longitude="116.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF466108B2095CD8FB86F96E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF466108B2095CD8FB86F96E" box="[851,1043,1764,1790]" latitude="-32.4" longLatPrecision="1211" longitude="116.2" name="Goldmine Gully" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Western Australia">Goldmine Gully</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795034DF466108B5455CD8FB1FF96E" box="[1055,1162,1764,1790]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-32.4">32° 24' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
x
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE795034DF466108B5F35CD8FAB0F96E" box="[1193,1317,1764,1790]" degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="116.2">116° 12' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF31033DF466108B0525D30FE75F8B6" box="[264,480,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-09-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9DBDF466108B0525D30FE75F8B6" box="[264,480,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-09-08">8 September 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B85325DF466108B0B65D30FD1EF8B6" box="[492,651,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J.K. Moulton</collectorName>
|
||
—
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD7ADF466108B3F05D30FD6CF8B6" box="[682,761,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF32667BDF476109B0525FC0FBB8F9EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5027818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027818/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[264,368,1532,1556]" targetBox="[272,1309,329,1502]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF476109B0525FC0FBB8F9EC" blockId="5.[264,1323,1532,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF476109B0525FC0FE18F984" bold="true" box="[264,397,1532,1556]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF476109B0FB5FC1FD03F984" authority="Moulton & Adler & Prince, 2004" authorityName="Moulton & Adler & Prince" authorityYear="2004" box="[417,662,1533,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF476109B0FB5FC1FD03F984" box="[417,662,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paracnephia gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A579ADF476109B3FC5FC1FCB9F984" box="[678,812,1533,1556]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. A. Maxillary palpus (male, general structure same in female, basal two palpomeres omitted). B. Calcipala of female. C. Tarsal claws of female. D. Cephalic plate of pupa. E. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (dorsal; phase contrast). F. Surface sculpturing of larval integument (ventral; phase contrast).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3576578DF476109B0625CEBFB2CF88A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF476109B0625CEBFB2CF88A" blockId="5.[264,1323,1751,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF476109B0625CEBFE28F961" bold="true" box="[312,445,1751,1777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species name is derived from Latin, in reference to the stout, elongate trichomes of the pupal head and thorax, and is used as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3576578DF476105B0625D1BFC80FA7C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF47610AB0625D1BFCBEFE6E" blockId="5.[264,1323,1751,1898]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,510]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF476109B0625D1BFE22F8D1" bold="true" box="[312,439,1831,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The larvae can be distinguished from those of all other species in the family by the following suite of characters: head capsule brown, hypostoma with eight subequally sized teeth, postgenal cleft squared and extended 1/4–1/3 distance to hypostoma, and body dark brown and gradually expanded posteriorly. The pupae are unique in having elongate spinelike trichomes. The females can be distinguished from those of all other species by the orange scutum, maxillary palpomere V shorter than III, and simple tarsal claws. Males can be distinguished by their scutal color and maxillary palp (as in the female, except with a smaller sensory vesicle).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF32667BDF44610AB0525D35FBEBF8B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027820" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5027820" box="[264,1150,1801,1825]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027820/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[264,368,1801,1825]" targetBox="[366,1220,616,1762]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF44610AB0525D35FBEBF8B0" blockId="6.[264,1150,1801,1825]" box="[264,1150,1801,1825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF44610AB0525D35FE1FF8B1" bold="true" box="[264,394,1801,1825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF44610AB0CB5D35FD16F8B0" authority="Moulton & Adler & Prince, 2004" authorityName="Moulton & Adler & Prince" authorityYear="2004" box="[401,643,1801,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF44610AB0CB5D35FD16F8B0" box="[401,643,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paracnephia gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A579ADF44610AB3CB5D35FC81F8B0" box="[657,788,1801,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. Female terminalia, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF32667BDF45610BB0525E1FFE26FB10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027822" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5027822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027822/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[264,368,1059,1083]" targetBox="[305,1296,339,1017]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF45610BB0525E1FFE26FB10" blockId="7.[264,1322,1059,1152]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF45610BB0525E1FFE1BFBAB" bold="true" box="[264,398,1059,1083]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF45610BB0C05E18FD05FBAB" authority="Moulton & Adler & Prince, 2004" authorityName="Moulton & Adler & Prince" authorityYear="2004" box="[410,656,1060,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF45610BB0C05E18FD05FBAB" box="[410,656,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paracnephia gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A579ADF45610BB3F85E18FCBFFBAB" box="[674,810,1060,1083]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. Male terminalia. A. Ventral view, with left gonocoxa and gonostylus removed (median sclerite not shown). B. Ventral plate and median sclerite, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF32667BDF45610BB0525C4DFB80F918" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027824" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5027824" box="[264,1045,1649,1673]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027824/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[264,367,1649,1673]" targetBox="[284,1308,1256,1618]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF45610BB0525C4DFB80F918" blockId="7.[264,1045,1649,1673]" box="[264,1045,1649,1673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF45610BB0525C4DFE1FF919" bold="true" box="[264,394,1649,1673]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF45610BB0CB5C4DFD16F918" authority="Moulton & Adler & Prince, 2004" authorityName="Moulton & Adler & Prince" authorityYear="2004" box="[401,643,1649,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF45610BB0CB5C4DFD16F918" box="[401,643,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paracnephia gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A579ADF45610BB3CB5C4DFC81F918" box="[657,788,1649,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. Pupa; cocoon omitted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF456104B0625CDFFDD0FE3E" blockId="7.[264,1321,1763,1870]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1323,284,430]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF45610BB0625CDFFE54F96D" bold="true" box="[312,449,1763,1789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B253CAEDF456104B0895CD8FDD5FE3E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3336543307" collectingDate="1996-09-14" collectionCode="JKM, JP" county="Larvae" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" location="Darling Range" municipality="Jarrah Forest" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62934E7FDF45610BB0895CD8FDB1F96E" box="[467,548,1764,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Larvae</collectingCounty>
|
||
and pupae were found in riffles in small to mediumsized, wellshaded streams in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B96AC89DF45610BB3505D30FD34F8B6" box="[522,673,1804,1830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Jarrah Forest</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
of the
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF45610BB3A95D30FC0AF8B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF45610BB3A95D30FC0AF8B6" box="[755,927,1804,1830]" county="Larvae" municipality="Jarrah Forest" name="Darling Range" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Western Australia">Darling Range</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4989F811DF45610BB29F5D30FB0FF8B6" box="[965,1178,1804,1830]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF45610BB5F65D30FAB2F8B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF45610BB5F65D30FAB2F8B6" box="[1196,1319,1804,1830]" county="Larvae" municipality="Jarrah Forest" name="Germlings" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Western Australia">Germlings</location>
|
||
of the trichomycete fungus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF45610BB3155D08FD76F8DE" box="[591,739,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Harpella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF45610BB3155D08FD2CF8DD" box="[591,697,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Harpella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were attached to the peritrophic matrix, and unidentified trichomycetes were found in the hindgut.
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF4A6104B2365B20FC0CFEA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF4A6104B2365B20FC0CFEA6" box="[876,921,284,310]" county="Larvae" municipality="Jarrah Forest" name="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Western Australia">The</location>
|
||
species is present during the winter and early spring (approximately JuneNovember) and presumably is univoltine.
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF4A6104B0525B50FEFCFE16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF4A6104B0525B50FEFCFE16" box="[264,361,364,390]" county="Larvae" municipality="Jarrah Forest" name="Females" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Western Australia">Females</location>
|
||
were swept from the heads of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE36DF4A6104B3BD5B50FCB4FE16" box="[743,801,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">JKM</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE36DF4A6104B23A5B50FCEEFE16" box="[864,891,364,390]" country="0" name="Phyletisches Museum Jena" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">JP</collectionCode>
|
||
at
|
||
<location id="8E926028DF4A6104B2FF5B50FBC1FE16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E5DF406105B05259DAFC80FA7C:8E926028DF4A6104B2FF5B50FBC1FE16" box="[933,1108,364,390]" county="Larvae" municipality="Jarrah Forest" name="Quinine Creek" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Western Australia">Quinine Creek</location>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFF31033DF4A6104B5DC5B50FED0FE3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1996-09-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9DBDF4A6104B5DC5B50FED0FE3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1996-09-14">14 September 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, but none took blood
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF32667BDF4A6104B0525D25FEF8F8C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5027826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027826/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[264,367,1817,1841]" targetBox="[484,1118,560,1767]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF4A6104B0525D25FEF8F8C3" blockId="8.[264,1323,1817,1875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4A6104B0525D25FE1BF8A1" bold="true" box="[264,398,1817,1841]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF4A6104B0C35D26FD05F8A1" authority="Moulton & Adler & Prince, 2004" authorityName="Moulton & Adler & Prince" authorityYear="2004" box="[409,656,1818,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4A6104B0C35D26FD05F8A1" box="[409,656,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paracnephia gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A579ADF4A6104B3FB5D25FCBCF8A0" box="[673,809,1817,1840]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. Larval head capsule, dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF32667BDF4B6105B0525943FC7BFC07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027828" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5027828" box="[264,1006,895,919]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027828/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[264,367,895,919]" targetBox="[411,1175,317,845]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF4B6105B0525943FC7BFC07" blockId="9.[264,1006,895,919]" box="[264,1006,895,919]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B0525943FE1FFC07" bold="true" box="[264,394,895,919]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF4B6105B0CB59BCFD16FC07" authority="Moulton & Adler & Prince, 2004" authorityName="Moulton & Adler & Prince" authorityYear="2004" box="[401,643,896,919]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B0CB59BCFD16FC07" box="[401,643,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paracnephia gladiator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A579ADF4B6105B3CB59BCFC80FC07" box="[657,789,896,919]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. Larval hypostoma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F3DF4B6105B06259CEFC80FA7C" blockId="9.[264,1323,1010,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B06259CEFDF2FB9C" bold="true" box="[312,615,1010,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phylogenetic Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B02DF4B6105B32759CEFB96FB9C" author="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. R." box="[637,1027,1010,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref3977" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. R. (1997) A new taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Natural History Museum, London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1997">Crosskey and Howard (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed all Australian “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF4B6105B04F5E27FEEDFBA4" authority="sensu Crosskey (1988)" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1921" box="[277,376,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B04F5E27FEEDFBA4" box="[277,376,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cnephia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B02DF4B6105B0835E26FD08FBA4" author="Crosskey, R. W." box="[473,669,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="425 - 520" refId="ref3908" refString="Crosskey, R. W. (1988) An annotated checklist of the world black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). In: Kim, K. C. & Merrit, R. W. (Eds.), Black flies: Ecology, Population Management, and Annotated World List. Pennsylvania State Press, University Park, pp. 425 - 520." type="book chapter" year="1988">Crosskey (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF4B6105B39F5E27FC5CFBA4" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[709,969,1050,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B39F5E27FCC9FBA4" box="[709,860,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paracnephia</emphasis>
|
||
Rubtsov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a conservative move that we adopt here for convenience. Given our access to higher quality material than was previously available for study, we find several segregates within the Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF4B6105B52E5E57FA99FB14" box="[1140,1292,1131,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B52E5E57FA99FB14" box="[1140,1292,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paracnephia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be no less distinctive than are comparable groups in the Nearctic and Neotropical Regions. The chaotic state of knowledge regarding relationships among the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF4B6105B56F5E87FB0DFB44" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1921" box="[1077,1176,1211,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B56F5E87FB0DFB44" box="[1077,1176,1211,1236]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cnephia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grade” taxa precludes us from making more than a passing inference on the possible phylogenetic affinities of this new species. The rather prominent Mshaped median sclerite of the male terminalia, coupled with a large calcipala, possibly align it with the Neotropical genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF4B6105B0525F67FE0AFAE4" authorityName="Wygodzinsky & Coscaron" authorityYear="1973" box="[264,415,1371,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B0525F67FE0AFAE4" box="[264,415,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Araucnephia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B0805F67FD32FAE4" box="[474,679,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF4B6105B0805F67FD31FAE4" authorityName="Wygodzinsky & Coscaron" authorityYear="1973" box="[474,676,1371,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araucnephioides</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
although the former character also appears in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF4B6105B5965F67FD18FA0C" authority="(Bigot)" baseAuthorityName="Bigot" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B5965F67FDA7FA0C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paraustrosimulium anthracinum</emphasis>
|
||
(Bigot)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF4B6105B39C5FBFFECBFA54" authority="Wygodzinsky and Coscaron. Further" authorityName="Wygodzinsky and Coscaron. Further" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnesiamima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atroparva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B39C5FBFFC41FA0C" box="[710,980,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cnesiamima atroparva</emphasis>
|
||
Wygodzinsky and Coscaron. Further
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
revisionary and phylogenetic work on a worldwide basis is needed to understand the relationships among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D70DF4B6105B37D5FEFFD1FFA7C" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1921" box="[551,650,1491,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE1DF4B6105B37D5FEFFD1FFA7C" box="[551,650,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cnephia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grade taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |