251 lines
30 KiB
XML
251 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E4A60C13E7D1F8496D7270240D7860A2">Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="91304CB41EA89DBDD40AA3224F0B0A89">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="037DF2211F94B6533A58D644DFD33207">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="06B56C2E5A23FF1DBC17DE8CB38ACEFE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF462536F25CFDC0" blockId="66.[151,561,548,607]" box="[151,561,548,574]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<heading id="D0BA81BDFFF6D220FF462536F25CFDC0" bold="true" box="[151,561,548,574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF6D220FF462536F25CFDC0" ID-CoL="6ZT9D" authority="Meyrick, 1915" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,561,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF462536F25CFDC0" bold="true" box="[151,561,548,574]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF462536F109FDC0" bold="true" box="[151,356,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Stigmella andina</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF6D220FEA22536F244FDC0" author="Meyrick" box="[371,553,548,574]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Meyrick, E. (1915) Descriptions of South American Micro-Lepidoptera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 48 (2), 201 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1915. tb 02527. x" type="journal article" year="1915">Meyrick, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF462554F1FAFDA1" blockId="66.[151,561,548,607]" box="[151,407,582,607]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF6D220FF4E2554F098FDA1" box="[159,245,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 19. Distribution of high altitude Nepticulidae and collecting in the Peruvian Andes. 18, distribution map; 19, collector and co-author Ole Karsholt in Polylepis forest during Polylepis Expedition organized by Prof. Dr. Jon Fjeldså (the leader of the Polylepis Expeditions, ZMUC) in 1987." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164248/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figs 18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF6D220FED02555F14DFDA1" box="[257,288,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">27</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF6D220FEFA2554F1E2FDA1" box="[299,399,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURES 186 – 190" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,378,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[170,1415,375,1928]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 186 – 190. Stigmella andina (Meyrick) (after Puplesis & Robinson 2000). 186 female adult, paralectotype; 187, male adult, lectotype; 188, male genitalia, slide no. 28841, capsule; 189, same, valva; 190, same, phallus (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266420/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">186–190</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF6D220FF46259CF44FFD1C" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF46259CF223FD5A" blockId="66.[151,1058,654,738]" box="[151,590,654,676]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5D11FFFFF6D220FF46259CF223FD5A" box="[151,590,654,676]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF6D220FF46259CF27AFD5A" ID-CoL="4737P" authority="Meyrick, 1915: 255" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityPageNumber="255" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,535,654,676]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Nepticula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF46259CF12BFD5A" box="[151,326,654,676]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Nepticula andina</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10C0FFF6D220FE9D259CF27AFD5A" author="Meyrick" box="[332,535,654,676]" page="255" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF6D220FE9D259CF188FD5A" author="Meyrick" box="[332,485,654,676]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Meyrick, E. (1915) Descriptions of South American Micro-Lepidoptera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 48 (2), 201 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1915. tb 02527. x" type="journal article" year="1915">Meyrick, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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: 255
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, 256.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF4625BFF213FD3D" blockId="66.[151,1058,654,738]" box="[151,638,685,707]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5D11FFFFF6D220FF4625BFF213FD3D" box="[151,638,685,707]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF6D220FF4625BFF1DFFD3D" ID-CoL="6ZT9D" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" box="[151,434,685,707]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF4625BFF12FFD3D" box="[151,322,685,707]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Stigmella andina</emphasis>
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(Meyrick)
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</taxonomicName>
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; in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10C0FFF6D220FE0725BFF217FD3D" author="Davis" box="[470,634,685,707]" page="18" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF6D220FE0725BFF238FD3D" author="Davis" box="[470,597,685,707]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Davis, D. R. (1984) Nepticulidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: part 1. Micropterigoidea - Immoidea. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, xxvii + 112 pp." type="book" year="1984">Davis, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 18
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF4625DEF44FFD1C" blockId="66.[151,1058,654,738]" box="[151,1058,716,738]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5D11FFFFF6D220FF4625DEF44FFD1C" box="[151,1058,716,738]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF6D220FF4625DEF19CFD1C" ID-CoL="6ZT9D" authority="Meyrick, 1915" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,497,716,738]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF4625DEF12FFD1C" box="[151,322,716,738]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Stigmella andina</emphasis>
|
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF6D220FE9E25DEF184FD1C" author="Meyrick" box="[335,489,716,738]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Meyrick, E. (1915) Descriptions of South American Micro-Lepidoptera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 48 (2), 201 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1915. tb 02527. x" type="journal article" year="1915">Meyrick, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10C0FFF6D220FDC425DEF321FD1C" author="Puplesis" box="[533,844,716,738]" page="24" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF6D220FDC425DEF345FD1C" author="Puplesis" box="[533,808,716,738]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 24
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs 14, 88, 89, 209.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF6D220FF46241CF244FC91" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF46241CF244FC91" blockId="66.[151,1437,782,2031]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B253C8CFFF6D220FF46241CF361FCB5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487238" collectingDate="1914-07" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="La Oroya" country="Peru" elevation="3719" location="PERU" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF46241CF1ECFCD9" bold="true" box="[151,385,782,807]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
1 Ƌ (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F68873FFF6D220FE15241CF242FCD9" box="[452,559,782,807]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, designated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF6D220FD0B241CF460FCD9" author="Puplesis" box="[730,1037,782,807]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FFF6D220FBF0241DF401FCD8" box="[1057,1132,783,806]" name="Peru" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B85307FFF6D220FBA9241DF48AFCD9" box="[1144,1255,783,807]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">La Oroya</collectorName>
|
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,
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<quantity id="4CB59B34FFF6D220FB22241DF53FFCD9" box="[1267,1362,782,807]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71856" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="ft" value="12200.0">
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<elevation id="0060D1E2FFF6D220FB22241DF53FFCD9" box="[1267,1362,782,807]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71856" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="ft" value="12200.0">12200 ft</elevation>
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</quantity>
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[
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFF6D220FAB0241DF0DCFCB4" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.72" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="3720.0">
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<elevation id="0060D1E2FFF6D220FAB0241DF0DCFCB4" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.72" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="3720.0">3720 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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],
|
||
<date id="FFF31011FFF6D220FF152420F149FCB5" box="[196,292,818,843]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1914-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9F9FFF6D220FF152420F149FCB5" box="[196,292,818,843]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1914-07">vii.1914</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, Parish, genitalia slide no. 20612 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE14FFF6D220FD782421F36EFCB5" box="[681,771,819,843]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; 13 Ƌ, 6 ♀ (paralectotypes), same labael data as lectotype (genitalia slide no. 28841 (BMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF6D220FF162468F312FC25" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF162468F312FC25" blockId="66.[151,1437,782,2031]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF162468F12CFC6D" bold="true" box="[199,321,890,915]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The pale, ochreous cream or yellowish cream, male forewing (in females with purple-brown apical apex), wide, rather square valva with small, curved apical process together with 10 very large horn-like cornuti in the male genitalia distinguish this species from all other
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FCDE24D1F312FC25" box="[783,895,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF6D220FCDE24D1F316FC25" box="[783,891,963,987]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF6D220FF1624F4F30AF8C5" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF1624F4F417FB05" blockId="66.[151,1437,782,2031]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF1624F4F169FC01" bold="true" box="[199,260,998,1023]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF6D220FEC224F4F11BFC01" box="[275,374,998,1023]" captionStart="FIGURES 186 – 190" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,378,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[170,1415,375,1928]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 186 – 190. Stigmella andina (Meyrick) (after Puplesis & Robinson 2000). 186 female adult, paralectotype; 187, male adult, lectotype; 188, male genitalia, slide no. 28841, capsule; 189, same, valva; 190, same, phallus (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266420/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 187</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFF6D220FD8324F5F2B0FC00" box="[594,733,999,1023]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; wingspan:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFF6D220FCB524F4F383FC00" box="[868,1006,998,1023]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="5.55" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="5.2">5.2–5.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head: palpi cream; frontal tuft cream or ochreous cream to dull ochre; collar yellowish cream, indistinctive; scape cream to yellowish cream; antenna longer thank half the length of forewing; flagellum with about 34 segments, pale brown. Thorax and tegula cream with yellow-ochre tints. Forewing glossy, yellowish cream with a brassy tint (without dark scales at apex as in females but sometimes with white lustre at apex); fringe whitish cream to ochreous cream; underside of forewing pale brown, without spots. Hindwing and its fringe cream on upper side and underside, without spots or androconia. Legs pale ochreous cream to cream. Abdomen greyish brown to ochreous brown on upper side and underside, genital segments cream, distinctly contrasting in colour with rest of abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF162214F322FA99" blockId="66.[151,1437,782,2031]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF162214F173FAE1" bold="true" box="[199,286,1286,1311]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF6D220FEE12214F1F8FAE1" box="[304,405,1286,1311]" captionStart="FIGURES 186 – 190" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,378,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[170,1415,375,1928]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 186 – 190. Stigmella andina (Meyrick) (after Puplesis & Robinson 2000). 186 female adult, paralectotype; 187, male adult, lectotype; 188, male genitalia, slide no. 28841, capsule; 189, same, valva; 190, same, phallus (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266420/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 186</figureCitation>
|
||
). Flagellum with about 30 segments. Apical one-quarter to one-fifth of forewing entirely covered with purple-brown scales, some overlapping on cilia. Abdomen ochreous cream to pale ochre. Ovipositor slender, well visible at end of abdomen. Otherwise as in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF162260F36CF9C1" blockId="66.[151,1437,782,2031]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF162260F11BFA75" bold="true" box="[199,374,1394,1419]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF6D220FE582260F243FA75" box="[393,558,1394,1419]" captionStart="FIGURES 186 – 190" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,378,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[170,1415,375,1928]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 186 – 190. Stigmella andina (Meyrick) (after Puplesis & Robinson 2000). 186 female adult, paralectotype; 187, male adult, lectotype; 188, male genitalia, slide no. 28841, capsule; 189, same, valva; 190, same, phallus (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266420/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figs 188–190</figureCitation>
|
||
). Capsule 370 µm long. Uncus relatively large, well-sclerotized, with four distinct caudal papillae. Tegumen with shallow caudal concavity. Gnathos with well-developed central plate and two long posterior processes; lateral arms of gnathos narrow in lateral view. Valva 208 µm, wide, with short, bent apical process, which may not be very evident in lateral view; transtilla with wide transverse bar but without sublateral processes, rounded at corners. Vinculum with pointed triangular lateral lobes. Phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF6D220FB062110F55BF9E5" box="[1239,1334,1538,1563]" captionStart="FIGURES 186 – 190" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,378,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[170,1415,375,1928]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 186 – 190. Stigmella andina (Meyrick) (after Puplesis & Robinson 2000). 186 female adult, paralectotype; 187, male adult, lectotype; 188, male genitalia, slide no. 28841, capsule; 189, same, valva; 190, same, phallus (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266420/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 190</figureCitation>
|
||
) 240 µm long; vesica with about 10 very large horn-like cornuti.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF162158F4D8F8E8" blockId="66.[151,1437,782,2031]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF162158F1E1F99D" bold="true" box="[199,396,1610,1635]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF6D220FDE12158F30DF99D" author="Puplesis" box="[560,864,1610,1635]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 209). Total length about 1180 µm. Apophyses posteriores long (about 370 µm) and very wide, widely curved anteriorly. Apophyses anteriores slender, as long as apophyses posteriores, curved slightly inwards anteriorly. Vestibulum without sclerites. Corpus bursae with very wide and strongly folded part and larger, widely oval basal part without distinct pectinations or signa. Accessory sac wide but short; ductus spermathecae slender and slightly sinuous, without convolutions (probably with a small sclerite but spermathecae is broken in slide no. 28841 BMNH therefore sclerite is not visible).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF162030F30AF8C5" blockId="66.[151,1437,782,2031]" box="[199,871,1826,1851]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF162030F127F8C5" bold="true" box="[199,330,1826,1851]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults fly in July. Otherwise biology unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF6D220FF162054F205F87C" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D220FF162054F205F87C" blockId="66.[151,1437,782,2031]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF162054F134F8A1" bold="true" box="[199,345,1862,1887]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF6D220FEA12054F1A2F8A1" box="[368,463,1862,1887]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 19. Distribution of high altitude Nepticulidae and collecting in the Peruvian Andes. 18, distribution map; 19, collector and co-author Ole Karsholt in Polylepis forest during Polylepis Expedition organized by Prof. Dr. Jon Fjeldså (the leader of the Polylepis Expeditions, ZMUC) in 1987." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164248/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figs 18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FFF6D220FE322055F26EF8A1" box="[483,515,1863,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">27</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species occurs on the Altiplano in the Peruvian Andes (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FFF6D220FAC42055F523F8A1" box="[1301,1358,1863,1887]" name="Peru" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Yauli Departamento) at altitudes about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FFF6D220FDDD2079F20DF87C" box="[524,608,1899,1923]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.72" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="3720.0">3720 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF6D221FF16209CF2C9FF06" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF6D221FF16209CF2C9FF06" blockId="66.[151,1437,782,2031]" lastBlockId="67.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FF16209CF156F859" bold="true" box="[199,315,1934,1959]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
According to the original description of this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF6D220FC02209CF4EEF859" author="Meyrick" box="[979,1155,1934,1959]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Meyrick, E. (1915) Descriptions of South American Micro-Lepidoptera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 48 (2), 201 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1915. tb 02527. x" type="journal article" year="1915">Meyrick, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), sexual dimorphism is characteristic; similar case of outstanding sexual dimorphism were repeatedly discovered by us in some other, hitherto undescribed species of the Andean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF6D220FD4620C4F36DF810" box="[663,768,2006,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FD4620C4F36DF810" box="[663,768,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Stigmella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Stonis
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FCB520C5F3F7F810" box="[868,922,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF6D220FC6320C5F461F810" box="[946,1036,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">in prep.</emphasis>
|
||
). Earlier doubts about so strongly differring male and females (can such males and females belong to the same species or represent two different species) and the recommendation that the association of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FFF7D221FCDB27AEF31EFF2A" box="[778,883,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF7D221FCDB27AEF31EFF2A" box="[778,883,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. andina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males and females should be treated with caution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FFF7D221FF4F27CDF1BDFF06" author="Puplesis" box="[158,464,223,248]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Puplesis, R. & Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis & Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are now rejected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFFF7D221FF162616F555FEBE" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FFF7D221FF162616F555FEBE" blockId="67.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FFF7D221FF162616F123FEE3" bold="true" box="[199,334,260,285]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name given by E. Meyrick is derived from the name of the world’s longest continental mountain range (the Andes) and in reference to the distribution of the species in the high Peruvian Andes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |