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<document id="E3657EA4E2BFE8D2DFF3C83D3A083E39" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="37923" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f55813e-d9fb-47d1-ae70-4207ea726e64" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="164243" ID-ZooBank="639B9F0E-4E0C-4859-9A32-093511BEEFB8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478071931831" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Gerulaitis, Virginijus &amp; Karsholt, Ole" docDate="2016" docId="03E487C7FF84D250FF4623E8F391FD56" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4181.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4181 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stigmella imperatoria Puplesis &amp; Robinson 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFDDFFBFFFB4D262FFD12712F06DFFFE" masterDocTitle="Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698430786409" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="607EFA6019AC535C252EBFAB3C409CA0">Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="45393F87A853BB250EEA6F8C3178DA80">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A4269997ADE770EB9C0E40C3EA962A2">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F55F7E2B60DE220DE0DF8785DDB0653">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FDB2CA7C112FAA426126BFA211952DD1">Gerulaitis, Virginijus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A4D83984A26B47BD03AC9C396BCD05EE">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9C3FAD48980C5DBD44EBEA16D1CD26B3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CC33501700F22B86C2F2BD852151A784">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EA1037805EC783D4FB33B890FD1E32FE">4181</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="57F2A91ECC2D42B01CE1F029E4D6EED7">1</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E487C7FF84D250FF4623E8F391FD56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3507476" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3507476" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FF84D250FF4623E8F391FD56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487C7FF84D250FF4623E8F391FD56" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF84D252FF4623E8F1FAFAC8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF84D252FF4623E8F29FFAEB" blockId="48.[151,754,1274,1334]" box="[151,754,1274,1301]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="D0BA81BDFF84D252FF4623E8F29FFAEB" bold="true" box="[151,754,1274,1301]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF84D252FF4623E8F29FFAEB" ID-CoL="52M3J" authority="Puplesis &amp; Robinson, 2000" authorityName="Puplesis &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,754,1274,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperatoria">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF84D252FF4623E8F29FFAEB" bold="true" box="[151,754,1274,1301]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF84D252FF4623E8F1F0FAEA" bold="true" box="[151,413,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Stigmella imperatoria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FF84D252FE7523E9F29FFAEB" author="Puplesis" box="[420,754,1275,1301]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Puplesis, R. &amp; Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis &amp; Robinson, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF84D252FF46220FF1FAFAC8" blockId="48.[151,754,1274,1334]" box="[151,407,1309,1334]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF84D252FF4E220FF098FAC8" box="[159,245,1309,1334]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 19. Distribution of high altitude Nepticulidae and collecting in the Peruvian Andes. 18, distribution map; 19, collector and co-author Ole Karsholt in Polylepis forest during Polylepis Expedition organized by Prof. Dr. Jon Fjeldså (the leader of the Polylepis Expeditions, ZMUC) in 1987." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164248/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF84D252FED0220CF14DFAC8" box="[257,288,1310,1334]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF84D252FEFA220CF1E3FAC8" box="[299,398,1310,1334]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 132" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1803,1826]" captionTargetBox="[161,1394,197,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[161,1428,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 132. Stigmella imperatoria Puplesis &amp; Robinson. 128, 129, male adult, holotype; 130, male genitalia, capsule with phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. Diškus 195; 131, same, uncus and gnathos; 132, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164273/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">128–132</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF84D252FF462277F3F2FA85" box="[151,927,1381,1403]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF84D252FF462277F3F2FA85" blockId="48.[151,927,1381,1403]" box="[151,927,1381,1403]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5D11FFFF84D252FF462277F3F2FA85" box="[151,927,1381,1403]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF84D252FF462277F2D5FA85" ID-CoL="52M3J" authority="Puplesis &amp; Robinson, 2000: 30" authorityName="Puplesis &amp; Robinson" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,696,1381,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperatoria">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF84D252FF462277F118FA85" box="[151,373,1381,1403]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Stigmella imperatoria</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10C0FF84D252FEAA2277F2D5FA85" author="Puplesis" box="[379,696,1381,1403]" page="30" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FF84D252FEAA2277F2F9FA85" author="Puplesis" box="[379,660,1381,1403]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Puplesis, R. &amp; Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 69 (1), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis &amp; Robinson, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 30
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–31,
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF84D252FD3B2277F35AFA85" box="[746,823,1381,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 26" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,177,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[154,1439,177,1780]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 26. The Altiplano, Bolivia; 22 – 24, habitats; 25, 26, habitats of Stigmella ageratinae sp. nov., S. clinopodiella sp. nov., and S. calceolarifoliae sp. nov., southern shore of Lake Titicaca, Copacabana, 16 ° 09 ' 42 &quot; S, 69 ° 05 ' 19 &quot; W, elevation 3930 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164250/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF84D252FC902277F3F6FA85" box="[833,923,1381,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 113 – 117" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[161,1357,195,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[161,1428,195,1815]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 113 – 117. Stigmella auriargentata Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 113, male adult, holotype; 114, male genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 537, phallus; 115, 116, same, capsule without phallus; 117, female genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 542 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164270/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">113–116</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF84D252FF4622B5F37FF9F9" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF84D252FF4622B5F37FF9F9" blockId="48.[151,1437,1447,2036]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<materialsCitation id="3B253C8CFF84D252FF4622B5F281FA41" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487217" box="[151,748,1447,1472]" country="Peru" location="Dept" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF84D252FF4622B5F1EBFA3E" bold="true" box="[151,390,1447,1472]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Material examined.</emphasis>
1 Ƌ (
<typeStatus id="54F68873FF84D252FE0722B5F253FA3E" box="[470,574,1447,1472]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
),
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FF84D252FD8622BAF2CFFA41" box="[599,674,1448,1471]" name="Peru" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">PERU</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8E92600AFF84D252FD6322BAF281FA41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FF84D250FF4623E8F391FD56:8E92600AFF84D252FD6322BAF281FA41" box="[690,748,1448,1471]" country="Peru" name="Dept" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Dept</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B253C8CFF84D252FD2D22B5F433FA1D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487218" collectingDate="1987-02-15" collectingDateMax="1987-02-18" collectingDateMin="1987-02-15" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="O. Karsholt &amp; Diskus" country="Peru" elevation="4100" location="Quabrada Pucavado" municipality="Cerro Cahuish" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ancash" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FF84D252FD2D22B5F33EFA3E" box="[764,851,1447,1472]" country="Peru" name="Ancash" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ancash</collectingRegion>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A402FF3FF84D252FCB522B5F40EFA41" box="[868,1123,1447,1472]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF84D252FCB522B5F3DCFA3E" box="[868,945,1447,1472]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
SE of Huaraz
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B96ACABFF84D252FBA222BAF573FA3E" box="[1139,1310,1447,1472]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Cerro Cahuish</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E92600AFF84D252FAFE22B5F16AFA1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FF84D250FF4623E8F391FD56:8E92600AFF84D252FAFE22B5F16AFA1A" country="Peru" municipality="Cerro Cahuish" name="Quabrada Pucavado" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Ancash">Quabrada Pucavado</location>
,
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF84D252FEC022D9F105FA1D" box="[273,360,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="4100.0">
<elevation id="0060D1E2FF84D252FEC022D9F105FA1D" box="[273,360,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="4100.0">4100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFF31011FF84D252FEA522D9F27CFA1A" box="[372,529,1483,1508]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1987-02-15" valueMax="1987-02-18" valueMin="1987-02-15">
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9F9FF84D252FEA522D9F27CFA1A" box="[372,529,1483,1508]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1987-02-15" valueMax="1987-02-18" valueMin="1987-02-15">15–18.ii.1987</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B85307FF84D252FDCC22D9F2CEFA1A" box="[541,675,1483,1508]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">O. Karsholt</collectorName>
, genitalia slide no.
<collectorName id="26B85307FF84D252FCA822D9F3A4FA1A" box="[889,969,1483,1508]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diškus</collectorName>
195 (
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE14FF84D252FC2E22D9F43BFA1D" box="[1023,1110,1483,1507]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ZMUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 2 Ƌ (paratypes), same label data as holotype, genitalia slide no. Diškus196 (ZMUC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF84D252FF162103F382F98E" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF84D252FF162103F382F98E" blockId="48.[151,1437,1447,2036]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF84D252FF162103F12CF9D4" bold="true" box="[199,321,1553,1578]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This relatively large species differs from other
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF84D252FC8E2103F3A5F9D7" box="[863,968,1553,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF84D252FC8E2103F3A5F9D7" box="[863,968,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Stigmella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, including other Andean species, in the long and narrow uncus, gnathos and phallus, and also by the copper-gold lustre of forewing. The configuration of the cornuti in the phallus (see fig. 132) is highly diagnostic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF84D250FF162169F3F3FDE6" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF84D252FF162169F464F82F" blockId="48.[151,1437,1447,2036]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF84D252FF162169F169F96A" bold="true" box="[199,260,1659,1684]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF84D252FEC62169F1D2F96D" box="[279,447,1659,1684]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 132" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1803,1826]" captionTargetBox="[161,1394,197,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[161,1428,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 132. Stigmella imperatoria Puplesis &amp; Robinson. 128, 129, male adult, holotype; 130, male genitalia, capsule with phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. Diškus 195; 131, same, uncus and gnathos; 132, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164273/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 128, 129</figureCitation>
). Forewing length:
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF84D252FD762169F358F96D" box="[679,821,1659,1683]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.199999999999999" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="4.199999999999999" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="4.1">4.1–4.3 mm</quantity>
; wingspan: 9.0–
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF84D252FC242169F43EF96D" box="[1013,1107,1659,1684]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="9.6">9.6 mm</quantity>
. Head: palpi cream to grey, distally and on underside usually fuscous; frontal tuft very large, comprised of cream or pale ochreous and numerous dark brown piliform scales, the latter mostly central; collar of mainly cream or greyish cream lamellar scales, additionally with some overlapping piliform scales; scape small, almost covered by frontal tuft, glossy greyish cream with a few piliform scales anteriorly; antenna distinctly longer than half the length of forewing; flagellum with 54 segments, blackish brown with golden and purple lustre. Thorax, tegula and forewing uniformly brown with strong coppery golden lustre, no purple iridescence; fringe brown; underside of forewing dark greybrown, without spots. Hindwing and its fringe brown, without spots or androconia. Legs cream, fuscous brown or fuscous grey on upper side. Abdomen grey-brown on upper side, yellowish cream on underside; genital segments paler but not contrasting significantly with main colour of abdominal sternites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF84D252FF1620C9F1CFF80A" blockId="48.[151,1437,1447,2036]" box="[199,418,2011,2036]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF84D252FF1620C9F173F80A" bold="true" box="[199,286,2011,2036]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Female</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF326659FF85D253FF462019F575F8BE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164273/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[161,1394,197,1772]" targetPageId="49">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF85D253FF462019F575F8BE" blockId="49.[151,1436,1803,1856]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF85D253FF462019F100F8DE" bold="true" box="[151,365,1803,1826]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURES 128–132.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF85D253FEA52019F35AF8DF" authority="Puplesis &amp; Robinson." authorityName="Puplesis &amp; Robinson." box="[372,823,1803,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperatoria">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF85D253FEA52019F23FF8DF" box="[372,594,1803,1825]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Stigmella imperatoria</emphasis>
Puplesis &amp; Robinson.
</taxonomicName>
128, 129, male adult, holotype; 130, male genitalia, capsule with phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. Diškus195; 131, same, uncus and gnathos; 132, same, phallus (ZMUC).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF86D250FF162785F2A5FE0B" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF86D250FF162785F119FF4E" bold="true" box="[199,372,151,176]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF86D250FE572785F245FF4E" box="[390,552,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 132" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1803,1826]" captionTargetBox="[161,1394,197,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[161,1428,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 132. Stigmella imperatoria Puplesis &amp; Robinson. 128, 129, male adult, holotype; 130, male genitalia, capsule with phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. Diškus 195; 131, same, uncus and gnathos; 132, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164273/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 130–132</figureCitation>
). Capsule 535–675 µm long, 290 wide. Uncus unusually long, very strongly sclerotized laterally, slightly widened at apex and with two very short lateral lobes. Gnathos with narrow central plate and two very long caudal processes with apices turned outwards; anterior anterior margin of gnathos with shallow central emargination; lateral arms narrow and moderately long. Valva ca. 345 µm long, with large inturned apical process; bulged inner lobe of valva forming wide triangular subapical extension (process). Transtilla with short and rather slender transverse bar characterized by pointed and anteriorly-directed angles, but without sublateral processes. Vinculum with large, widely rounded lateral lobes; ventral plate large, with V-shaped anterior emargination. Juxta membranous, widening towards caudal end. Phallus (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF86D250FC062686F455FE52" box="[983,1080,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 132" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1803,1826]" captionTargetBox="[161,1394,197,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[161,1428,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 132. Stigmella imperatoria Puplesis &amp; Robinson. 128, 129, male adult, holotype; 130, male genitalia, capsule with phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. Diškus 195; 131, same, uncus and gnathos; 132, same, phallus (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164273/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 132</figureCitation>
) very long (about 570 µm) and slender (90–115 µm); vesica with a apical cluster of about 10 spine-like cornuti and with a long basal band of mainly very tiny, needle-like or spine like cornuti.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF86D250FF1626EDF3F3FDE6" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,680]" box="[199,926,511,536]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF86D250FF1626EDF127FDE6" bold="true" box="[199,330,511,536]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bionomics.</emphasis>
Adults fly in February. Otherwise biology unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF86D250FF162536F1F3FDA1" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF86D250FF162536F1F3FDA1" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF86D250FF162536F134FDC3" bold="true" box="[199,345,548,573]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF86D250FEBB2536F1AFFDC2" box="[362,450,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 19. Distribution of high altitude Nepticulidae and collecting in the Peruvian Andes. 18, distribution map; 19, collector and co-author Ole Karsholt in Polylepis forest during Polylepis Expedition organized by Prof. Dr. Jon Fjeldså (the leader of the Polylepis Expeditions, ZMUC) in 1987." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164248/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF86D250FE012536F19DFDC2" box="[464,496,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">27</figureCitation>
). This species occurs in the high Peruvian Andes (
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FF86D250FBE42536F403FDC2" box="[1077,1134,548,572]" name="Peru" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Peru</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FF86D250FBAB2536F4A3FDC3" box="[1146,1230,548,573]" country="Peru" name="Ancash" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Ancash</collectingRegion>
Departamento) at altitudes about
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF86D250FE93255AF1FBFDA1" box="[322,406,584,608]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="4100.0">4100 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF86D250FF16257EF391FD56" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF86D250FF16257EF391FD56" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF86D250FF16257EF123FD7B" bold="true" box="[199,334,620,645]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from Latin
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF86D250FCC9257FF3E5FD7A" box="[792,904,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">imperator</emphasis>
(emperor, commander) in reference to the very large frontal tuft, also the crown-like uncus and specific shape of the gnathos.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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