445 lines
54 KiB
XML
445 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="44CD95A0D84FD0251B6DF74C1759C6D9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.197932" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0c85c88f-ec4a-4b02-8a08-11cdc9da0479" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="197932" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460281974961" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sutcliffe, Patricia R., Hooper, John N. A. & Pitcher, Roland" docDate="2010" docId="03E487C40576D442FF33FD8EFA8AFE95" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02616p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2616" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Dercitus xanthus Sutcliffe, Hooper & Pitcher, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFDDFFBC0573D449FFA4FFA9FFFEFFF9" masterDocTitle="The most common sponges on the Great Barrier Reef seabed, Australia, include species new to science (Phylum Porifera)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698249704513" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="1D05625E92133D8CE9B05F72F3F5A42E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D4B10492208768160825E7D00A06F0D3">
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<mods:title id="B5FF79FCD503DC79D331E320C536FB2A">The most common sponges on the Great Barrier Reef seabed, Australia, include species new to science (Phylum Porifera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="3DD52F3A21386F7D24E2A7BCCFA05027" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4FD0E5202BA7506294A6FFE2A8F656B1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8BC961F6C0F6AECEE02FE5272F373A3E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="89900022495BDD36B1CCDFBEC8C979B1">Sutcliffe, Patricia R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F89C0C27648552DE85A7068B4EF74DB4" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C2E68BF9F1A772D464A7892DEF268018">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5B327A009496878288ECE17DF8443BFA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="506BB6593C1BF4C3C5254628F141D4AA">Hooper, John N. A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="18F0F127C8F23C94B530BC5C64947FA0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C9DD990BB81214C653CC32BC841F83F6">
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<mods:roleTerm id="17BB690D9E25765B8E4C640827F47038">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8F27898F5574415AD483DC29B1CE7D74">Pitcher, Roland</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6D495816FA8DCA5A70755EA10E4164EA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2BDAAC42D5F293D605C786ACB82B4D14">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D3E057FE265A58C296AD86CE449BB2F4">
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<mods:date id="5CE998631395931AE50A4B4B1472D4A6">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="07F05D47BDD3B9071A2D31A8B47F5077" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="66F867552BDD49D849E215A72EAE9E7C">2616</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="4B5C92E09FDD4D865B6573787E388E2B">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="35899D8A44AE3FBC96BC3C5A0A722562">30</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="492DBBDC85AAE0E88E51F115CB4CB1CA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9105982DD67EE7223B6674E8E4CE1ABE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.197932</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0E2167AADFC189C99C5CA827D1B2E210" type="GBIF-Dataset">0c85c88f-ec4a-4b02-8a08-11cdc9da0479</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0250DF21EE468D20497B9EDCA5C931A5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="063255F7E164C294339926E32BA7D88B" type="Zenodo-Dep">197932</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03E487C40576D442FF33FD8EFA8AFE95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6198485" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119396878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6198485" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C40576D442FF33FD8EFA8AFE95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487C40576D442FF33FD8EFA8AFE95" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C35765590576D44CFF33FD8EFE3DFD9D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF33FD8EFE35FDB8" blockId="5.[151,459,551,612]" box="[151,459,551,577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0BA81BE0576D44CFF33FD8EFE35FDB8" bold="true" box="[151,459,551,577]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF33FD8EFE35FDB8" bold="true" box="[151,459,551,577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510576D44CFF33FD8EFE99FDB8" box="[151,359,551,577]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xanthus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF33FD8EFE99FDB8" bold="true" box="[151,359,551,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dercitus xanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57BB0576D44CFECAFD8EFE35FDB8" box="[366,459,551,577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF33FDE3FE3DFD9D" blockId="5.[151,459,551,612]" box="[151,451,586,612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(Figures 4, 5,
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<tableCitation id="C6CF03690576D44CFE9EFDE3FE63FD9D" box="[314,413,586,612]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[164,1355,1720,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurement of spicules for Dercitus xanthus sp. nov., as range (and mean) of length x width in μm, N = 30." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32665A0576D44CFF33F9D4FA6FF96C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF32665A0576D44CFF33F9D4FA6FF96C">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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, 2)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35765590576D44CFF33FD26FB1EFC56" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF33FD26FA75FD36" blockId="5.[151,1437,655,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF33FD26FE73FD50" bold="true" box="[151,397,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54F688700576D44CFE31FD39FDF9FD53" box="[405,519,656,682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: QMG329976 (SBD513022), south of Rock Cod Shoal, off Gladstone, Great Barrier Reef, 23° 43΄ 30ʺ S 151° 39΄ 53ʺ E,
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<quantity id="4CB59B370576D44CFD32FD1CFD2CFD36" box="[662,722,693,719]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="34.0">34 m</quantity>
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depth, epibenthic sled,
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<date id="FFF310120576D44CFC4CFD1CFB91FD36" box="[1000,1135,693,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2004-09-20">20 ix. 2004</date>
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, coll.
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFB12FD1CFA7DFD37" box="[1206,1411,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FRV Lady Basten</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF61FD73FD19FC9D" blockId="5.[151,1437,655,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<typeStatus id="54F688700576D44CFF61FD73FEC5FD0D" box="[197,315,730,756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: QMG329977 (SBD513042), East of Lady Musgrave Island, Great Barrier Reef, 23° 53΄ 0 6ʺ S 152° 0 6΄ 17ʺ E,
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<quantity id="4CB59B370576D44CFEF0FCA9FE71FCE3" box="[340,399,768,794]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="42.0">42 m</quantity>
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depth, epibenthic sled,
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<date id="FFF310120576D44CFD03FCA9FCD0FCE3" box="[679,814,768,794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2004-09-21">21 ix. 2004</date>
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, coll.
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFCD2FCA9FBBBFCE0" box="[886,1093,768,793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FRV Lady Basten</emphasis>
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,. QMG32978 (SBD505424), South of Big Broadhurst Reef, off Townsville, Great Barrier Reef, 19° 24΄ 18ʺ S 147° 56΄ 0 6ʺ E,
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<quantity id="4CB59B370576D44CFAABFC8CFAB2FCC6" box="[1295,1356,805,831]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="42.0">42 m</quantity>
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depth, epibenthic sled,
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<date id="FFF310120576D44CFEF2FCE3FE23FC9D" box="[342,477,842,868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2003-11-27">27 xi. 2003</date>
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, coll.
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFD80FCE3FD1EFC9A" box="[548,736,842,867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RV Lady Basten</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF61FCC6FB1EFC56" blockId="5.[151,1437,655,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF61FCC6FE70FC70" bold="true" box="[197,398,879,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Other material:</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D4BFD5B0576D44CFE33FCD9FDB6FC73" box="[407,584,880,906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">163 specimens</specimenCount>
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distributed from adjacent to Bligh Reef in the far northern GBR to the Swain Reefs in the south (Figure 4). Housed at the Queensland Museum, Brisbane,
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<collectingCountry id="F35A76420576D44CFBC8FC3CFB25FC56" box="[1132,1243,917,943]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35765590576D44FFF62FC13FEC2FE25" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF62FC13FD4DFBE6" blockId="5.[151,1437,655,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF62FC13FEA1FC2D" bold="true" box="[198,351,954,980]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFEC3FC13FE48FC2A" box="[359,438,954,979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Shape.</emphasis>
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Massive, agglutinating sponge where a thin layer of tissue cements biogenic rubble such as worm tubes, small gastropods and bivalve remnants. Usually found in fist sized patches or smaller, and occasionally as massive conglomerations.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF61FB83FCEBFB23" blockId="5.[151,1437,655,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF61FB83FEE1FBBA" box="[197,287,1066,1091]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colour.</emphasis>
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Ranging from red to yellow. The bright red colour was predominant in frozen specimens. The sponge emits a very distinctive, profuse and intense yellow dye which stains easily. This eosin-like dye stains the surface of the sponge as it defrosts, masking the original red colour. Upon preservation in ethanol, the sponge loses all colour and becomes white. The ethanol, however, retains a brilliant yellow colour which darkens as the specimen remains immersed in ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF61FB4CFF01FADD" blockId="5.[151,1437,655,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF61FB4CFED5FB07" box="[197,299,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oscules.</emphasis>
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Oscules or papillae were never observed in this sponge, however, no
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFBD5FB4CFB45FB07" box="[1137,1211,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">in situ</emphasis>
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observations were possible.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF61FA99FD87FA6D" blockId="5.[151,1437,655,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF61FA99FD96FAB0" box="[197,616,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Texture and surface characteristics.</emphasis>
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The agglutinating nature of this sponge means that it is easily broken, but does not crumble finely due to the large size of the rubble agglutinated by the sponge. The surface layer is uneven due to the presence of the rubble.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF61FA09FA85FA26" blockId="5.[151,1437,655,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF61FA09FE58FA40" box="[197,422,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Skeletal structure.</emphasis>
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There is no definable structure in either the ectosomal or choanosomal skeletons. Sanidasters are scattered throughout the sponge with no particular organisation, but in high concentrations.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF61FA42FB4EF9B6" blockId="5.[151,1437,655,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF61FA42FEA4F9FD" box="[197,346,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Megascleres</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="C6CF03690576D44CFECEFA43FE3DF9FD" box="[362,451,1514,1540]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[164,1355,1720,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurement of spicules for Dercitus xanthus sp. nov., as range (and mean) of length x width in μm, N = 30." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32665A0576D44CFF33F9D4FA6FF96C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF32665A0576D44CFF33F9D4FA6FF96C">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). Two size classes of three rayed calthrops (ie triods) (small: 22–26 μm (mean 25 μm) and large: 49–94 μm (mean 72 μm)) were seen in the
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<typeStatus id="54F688700576D44CFC9FF9B9FC5EF9D3" box="[827,928,1552,1578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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QMG329977 and in approximately 20% of other specimens examined, occurring in high densities within these specimens (
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<figureCitation id="13762A570576D44CFB9EF99CFB5FF9B6" box="[1082,1185,1589,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,258,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,182,1747]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dercitus xanthus sp. nov. (QMG 329976 (SBD 513022 )). A, Choanosomal structure displaying a high density of foreign material (scale bar 300 μm). B, Surface of foreign material within the choanosome covered in Sanidasters (scale bar 300 μm). C, External morphology (scale bar 1 mm). D, Holotype (scale bar 2.5 cm). E, Sanidaster (scale bar 10 μm). F, Sanidaster (scale bar 10 μm). G, QMG 329977 (SBD 513042). Triod calthrops (scale bar 50 μm). H, QMG 329977 (SBD 513042). Triod calthrops (scale bar 50 μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197936/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF32665A0576D44CFF33F9D4FA6FF96C" ID-Table-UUID="DF32665A0576D44CFF33F9D4FA6FF96C" box="[151,1425,1660,1685]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32665A0576D44CFF33F9D4FA6FF96C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[164,1355,1720,1903]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF33F9D4FA6FF96C" blockId="5.[151,1425,1660,1685]" box="[151,1425,1660,1685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF33F9D4FEF6F96C" bold="true" box="[151,264,1661,1685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
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Measurement of spicules for
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510576D44CFDE3F9D7FD02F96C" box="[583,764,1662,1685]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xanthus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFDE3F9D7FD02F96C" box="[583,764,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dercitus xanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFCA6F9D4FCA6F96C" bold="true" box="[770,856,1661,1685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57BB0576D44CFCA6F9D4FCA6F96C" box="[770,856,1661,1685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, as range (and mean) of length x width in μm, N=30.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44CFF00F911FB67F896" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<table id="F94DC47205762BB6FF00F911FAB5F896" box="[164,1355,1720,1903]" gridcols="4" gridrows="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<tr id="357D349005762BB6FF00F911FAB5F936" box="[164,1355,1720,1743]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<th id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FF00F911FE2BF936" box="[164,469,1720,1743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Specimen number</th>
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<th id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FD80F911FCDAF936" box="[548,804,1720,1743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sanidasters</th>
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<th id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FCD1F911FBD6F936" box="[885,1064,1720,1743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Calthrops Type I</th>
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<th id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FB34F911FAB5F936" box="[1168,1355,1720,1743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Calthrops Type II</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="357D349005762BB6FF00F944FAB5F8FD" box="[164,1355,1773,1796]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<th id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FF00F944FE2BF8FD" box="[164,469,1773,1796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">QMG329976 (SBD513022)</th>
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<td id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FD80F944FCDAF8FD" box="[548,804,1773,1796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10-17 x 1-2.5 (14 x 1.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FCD1F944FBD6F8FD" box="[885,1064,1773,1796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FB34F944FAB5F8FD" box="[1168,1355,1773,1796]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357D349005762BB6FF00F88BFAB5F8C0" box="[164,1355,1826,1849]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FF00F88BFE2BF8C0" box="[164,469,1826,1849]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">QMG329977 (SBD513042)</th>
|
||
<td id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FD80F88BFCDAF8C0" box="[548,804,1826,1849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9-17 x 1-2 (14 x 1.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FCD1F88BFBD6F8C0" box="[885,1064,1826,1849]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22-26 (25)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FB34F88BFAB5F8C0" box="[1168,1355,1826,1849]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">49-94 (72)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357D349005762BB6FF00F8F1FAB5F896" box="[164,1355,1880,1903]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FF00F8F1FE2BF896" box="[164,469,1880,1903]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">QMG329978 (SBD505424)</th>
|
||
<td id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FD80F8F1FCDAF896" box="[548,804,1880,1903]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10-20 x 1-2.5 (15 x 2)</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FCD1F8F1FBD6F896" box="[885,1064,1880,1903]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5DEC05762BB6FB34F8F1FAB5F896" box="[1168,1355,1880,1903]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D20576D44FFF61F81CFE44FEDB" blockId="5.[151,1436,1973,2036]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00576D44CFF61F81CFEA2F837" box="[197,348,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CF03690576D44CFECEF81CFE3FF836" box="[362,449,1973,1999]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[164,1355,1720,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurement of spicules for Dercitus xanthus sp. nov., as range (and mean) of length x width in μm, N = 30." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF32665A0576D44CFF33F9D4FA6FF96C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF32665A0576D44CFF33F9D4FA6FF96C">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Sanidasters were universally present in all specimens. They display wide variation in length and width (10–20 μm
|
||
<date id="FFF310120576D44CFD8CF873FDB4F80D" box="[552,586,2010,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">x 1</date>
|
||
–2.5 μm), with the shorter, wider examples containing large spines protruding up to 1 μm from the main shaft. The shaft is straight, and can be completely obstructed from view by the density of the spines present. Spines also vary in structure from conical with straight sides, to bulbous. In more sparsely spined sanidasters, spination is not evenly spaced but nonetheless consistent along the length of the spicule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A570575D44FFEE0FEA1FE54FEDB" box="[324,426,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,258,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,182,1747]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dercitus xanthus sp. nov. (QMG 329976 (SBD 513022 )). A, Choanosomal structure displaying a high density of foreign material (scale bar 300 μm). B, Surface of foreign material within the choanosome covered in Sanidasters (scale bar 300 μm). C, External morphology (scale bar 1 mm). D, Holotype (scale bar 2.5 cm). E, Sanidaster (scale bar 10 μm). F, Sanidaster (scale bar 10 μm). G, QMG 329977 (SBD 513042). Triod calthrops (scale bar 50 μm). H, QMG 329977 (SBD 513042). Triod calthrops (scale bar 50 μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197936/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D20575D44FFF62FE84FEC2FE25" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFF62FE84FDFDFEBE" bold="true" box="[198,515,301,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Distributed throughout the Great Barrier Reef, from the southern extremities adjacent to Rockhampton and the Capricorn Bunker group, extending through to the northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait (Figure 4). Found on sandy bottoms in areas with a high component of calcium carbonate rubble. Depths range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B370575D44FFDE9FE34FD31FE4E" box="[589,719,413,439]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="51.0" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="16.0">16 to 86 m</quantity>
|
||
, with the highest concentration of specimens found in depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B370575D44FFF12FE6BFEC7FE25" box="[182,313,450,476]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">
|
||
30 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD5B0575D44FFF5DFE6BFEC7FE25" box="[249,313,450,476]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">40 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35765590575D44FFF62FE4EFDF3FDDE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D20575D44FFF62FE4EFDF3FDDE" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFF62FE4EFEADFDF8" bold="true" box="[198,339,487,513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for the distinctive yellow dye which exudes profusely from the sponge, derived from the greek word
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFEEAFDA4FE4EFDDF" box="[334,432,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">xanthos,</emphasis>
|
||
yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35765590575D44FFF62FD9BFEECFB15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D20575D44FFF62FD9BFB88FCAB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFF62FD9BFEBEFDB5" bold="true" box="[198,320,562,588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This new species is assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFD1DFD9BFCE3FDB2" box="[697,797,562,587]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFD1DFD9BFCE3FDB2" box="[697,797,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dercitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the presence of distinctive sanidasters, triods and the cementing growth form. This species also fits the description currently given for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFB10FDF1FA69FD8B" authority="Sollas 1888" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1204,1431,600,626]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFB10FDF1FAFDFD88" box="[1204,1283,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stoeba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B230575D44FFAAEFDF1FA69FD8B" author="Sollas" box="[1290,1431,600,626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 25 (63), 1 - 458." type="journal article" year="1888">Sollas 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the only apparent character differentiating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFD6AFDD4FCCCFD6F" box="[718,818,637,662]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFD6AFDD4FCCCFD6F" box="[718,818,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dercitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFCC9FDD4FC42FD6F" box="[877,956,637,662]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFCC9FDD4FC42FD6F" box="[877,956,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stoeba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being the presence of toxas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFA94FDD4FA6AFD6F" box="[1328,1428,637,662]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFA94FDD4FA6AFD6F" box="[1328,1428,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dercitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Toxas, however, are confined only to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFDF5FD0BFC3DFD45" authority="Bowerbank, 1858" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1858" box="[593,963,674,700]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bucklandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFDF5FD0BFD16FD42" box="[593,744,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. bucklandi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B230575D44FFD54FD0BFC3DFD45" author="Bowerbank" box="[752,963,674,700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1858) On the anatomy and physiology of the Spongiadae. Part I. On the spicula. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 148, 279 - 332." type="journal article" year="1858">Bowerbank, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and are absent in the only other species currently assigned to this genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFDBCFD61FC96FD1B" authority="Burton, 1926" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1926" box="[536,872,712,738]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFDBCFD61FD4DFD18" box="[536,691,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. natalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B230575D44FFD66FD61FC9FFD1B" author="Burton" box="[706,865,712,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Burton, M. (1926) Description of the South African sponges collected in the South African Marine Survey. Part I. Myxospongia and Astrotetraxonida. Fisheries Bulletin. Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Division, Union of South Africa Report, 4 (Special Report no. 9), 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1926">Burton, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B230575D44FFC0BFD61FBB4FD1B" author="Soest" box="[943,1098,712,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Soest, R. W. M. Van (2009 a) Dercitus natalensis (Burton, 1926). In: Van Soest, R. W. M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K, de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Vacelet, J. Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M. (Eds) (2009). World Porifera database. Available from http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails & id = 234411 (28 / 01 / 2010)." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Soest, 2009a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We assign this new species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFF12FD44FEE2FCFF" box="[182,284,749,774]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFF12FD44FEE2FCFF" box="[182,284,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dercitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFE09FD44FE02FCFF" box="[429,508,749,774]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFE09FD44FE02FCFF" box="[429,508,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stoeba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being the older of the two genera, given the current uncertainty surrounding whether both genera will remain valid in light of recently published comments and a pending revision of the pachastrellids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B230575D44FFEE3FC91FDE5FCAB" author="Maldonado" box="[327,539,824,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Maldonado, M. (2002) Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges, Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 141 - 162." type="book chapter" year="2002">Maldonado, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B230575D44FFD83FC91FCBBFCAB" author="Moraes" box="[551,837,824,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Moraes, F. & Muricy, G. (2007) A new Stoeba from Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87 (6), 1387 - 1393." type="journal article" year="2007">Moraes & Muricy, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Van Soest, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D20575D44FFF62FCF4FE48FC1E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
This species differs from the two described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFCFCFCF4FC42FC8F" box="[856,956,861,886]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFCFCFCF4FC42FC8F" box="[856,956,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dercitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its spicule composition (Table 2).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFADBFCF4FEF5FC62" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bucklandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFADBFCF4FEF5FC62" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. bucklandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains toxas, calthrops and short shafted plagiotriaenes with blunt clads;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFB29FC2BFAD7FC62" box="[1165,1321,898,923]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="natalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFB29FC2BFAD7FC62" box="[1165,1321,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. natalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has short shafted dichotriaenes. The triod calthrops observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFCB5FC01FC6EFC38" box="[785,912,936,961]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFCB5FC01FC6EFC38" box="[785,912,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. xanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are clearly different from the megascleres in both these other species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D20575D44FFF61FC5BFEECFB15" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
There are 12 currently described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFD79FC5BFCD1FBF2" box="[733,815,1010,1035]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFD79FC5BFCD1FBF2" box="[733,815,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stoeba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B230575D44FFCD2FC5BFBE7FBF5" author="Soest" box="[886,1049,1010,1036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Soest, R. W. M. Van (2009 b) Stoeba Sollas, 1888. In: Van Soest, R. W. M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K, de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Vacelet, J. Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M. (Eds) (2009). World Porifera database. Available from http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails & id = 170272 (28 / 01 / 2010)." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">Soest, 2009b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Eight of these species possess dichotriaenes (
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFEE0FBB1FB25FBC8" box="[324,1243,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFEE0FBB1FE2CFBC8" box="[324,466,1048,1073]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissimilis">S. dissimilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFE7BFBB1FDA8FBC8" box="[479,598,1048,1073]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="extensa">S. extensa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFDC6FBB1FD1EFBC8" box="[610,736,1048,1073]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="loricata">S. loricata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFD4FFBB1FC9FFBC8" box="[747,865,1048,1073]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="occulta">S. occulta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFCC9FBB1FC20FBC8" box="[877,990,1048,1073]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pauper">S. pauper</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFC4DFBB1FBA4FBC8" box="[1001,1114,1048,1073]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicata">S. plicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFBC2FBB1FB25FBC8" box="[1126,1243,1048,1073]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="reptans">S. reptans</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFAB0FBB1FA6BFBC8" box="[1300,1429,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFAB0FBB1FA72FBC8" box="[1300,1420,1048,1073]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">S. simplex</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Three species also contain monactinal spicules such as oxeas (
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFC22FB94FB42FBAF" box="[902,1212,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFC22FB94FBE7FBAF" box="[902,1049,1085,1110]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissimilis">S. dissimilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFB81FB94FB42FBAF" box="[1061,1212,1085,1110]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="exostotica">S. exostotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFB5CFB94FA6AFBAF" box="[1272,1428,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFB5CFB94FA72FBAF" box="[1272,1420,1085,1110]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lesinensis">S. lesinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which clearly differ from the spicule composition of this new species. Only two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFB67FBCAFEC7FB5B" authority="Moraes & Muricy, 2007" authorityName="Moraes & Muricy" authorityYear="2007" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFB67FBCAFAE5FB85" box="[1219,1307,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. latex</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B230575D44FFA80FBCBFEC7FB5B" author="Moraes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Moraes, F. & Muricy, G. (2007) A new Stoeba from Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87 (6), 1387 - 1393." type="journal article" year="2007">Moraes & Muricy, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFED1FB21FDEFFB58" box="[373,529,1160,1185]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="syrmatitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFED1FB21FDEFFB58" box="[373,529,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. syrmatitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B230575D44FFDECFB21FCE0FB5B" author="Laubenfels" box="[584,798,1160,1186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. De, (1930). The sponges of California. Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), contain only calthrops and sanidasters and are thus most similar in spicule composition to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFDFAFB04FD23FB3F" box="[606,733,1197,1222]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFDFAFB04FD23FB3F" box="[606,733,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D.xanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The major characteristics of all these species are compared in Table 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35765590575D442FF61FB51FA8AFE95" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D20575D44FFF61FB51FE28F8E5" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFF61FB51FEAAFAE8" box="[197,340,1272,1297]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFF61FB51FEAAFAE8" box="[197,340,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stoeba latex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from north east
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A76420575D44FFDB1FB51FDA3FAEB" box="[533,605,1272,1298]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
is a red/brown, thickly encrusting sponge (not in aggregating or filling small cavities as in most described species). It has four-rayed calthrops which can be much larger (42.5–212.5 μm) than the triods found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFE42FAEAFD9BFAA5" box="[486,613,1347,1372]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFE42FAEAFD9BFAA5" box="[486,613,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. xanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(22–94 μm), and sanidasters that are slightly smaller (10–15 μm) than in the present species (10–20 μm).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFD97FAC1FCFDFA78" box="[563,771,1384,1409]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="syrmatitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFD97FAC1FCFDFA78" box="[563,771,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stoeba syrmatitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from California has a similar agglutinating growth form as does
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFF5EFA24FE7FFA5F" box="[250,385,1421,1446]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFF5EFA24FE7FFA5F" box="[250,385,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. xanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has similar ranges of spicule sizes, with sanidasters ranging from 8–12 μm, and calthrops 25–80 μm (compared to sanidasters 10–20 μm, and triods 22–94 μm), but is drab in colour (compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFEEDFA71FE2AFA08" box="[329,468,1496,1521]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFEEDFA71FE2AFA08" box="[329,468,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. xanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is yellow to orange, with a prominent deep yellow dye). Megasclere morphology is also the most similar, including some of the four-rayed calthrops in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFBD8FA54FAE8F9EF" box="[1148,1302,1533,1558]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="syrmatitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFBD8FA54FAE8F9EF" box="[1148,1302,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. syrmatitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reduced to triods (compared to all the calthrops in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFDDDF98AFD02F9C5" box="[633,764,1571,1596]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFDDDF98AFD02F9C5" box="[633,764,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. xanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being 3-rayed), but their respective microscleres differ substantially. Sanidasters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFDA5F9E1FD5BF998" box="[513,677,1608,1633]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="syrmatitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFDA5F9E1FD5BF998" box="[513,677,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. syrmatitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were only tentatively referred to as sanidasters (“abundant, discasters (?) or sanidasters”) by de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B230575D44FFDE5F9C4FCE3F97E" author="Laubenfels" box="[577,797,1645,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. De, (1930). The sponges of California. Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">Laubenfels (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with the spination confined to two nodes on the shaft of the rhabd. De
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B230575D44FFED5F93BFDA5F955" author="Laubenfels" box="[369,603,1682,1708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. De, (1930). The sponges of California. Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">Laubenfels (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also noted that some microscleres were so irregularly spiny they resembled acanthomicrostrongyles, but most were more similar to discorhabds based on the localisation of the spines in two nodes (compared to consistently spined sanidasters, with examples of both large and small spines, in the new species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D20575D44FFF62F881FB73F8BB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" box="[198,1165,1832,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
This is the first record of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFDA0F881FD96F8B8" box="[516,616,1832,1857]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFDA0F881FD96F8B8" box="[516,616,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dercitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFD2BF881FD20F8B8" box="[655,734,1832,1857]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFD2BF881FD20F8B8" box="[655,734,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stoeba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the south western Pacific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D20575D440FF62F8E4FB79F822" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2007]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,1761,2011]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFF62F8E4FCA2F89E" bold="true" box="[198,860,1869,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Predicted distributions and biophysical preferences.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510575D44FFCC2F8E4FBD1F89F" box="[870,1071,1869,1894]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00575D44FFCC2F8E4FBD1F89F" box="[870,1071,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dercitus xanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed along the entire length of the GBR at depths ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B370575D44FFD29F8DBFCEFF875" box="[653,785,1906,1932]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="50.5" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="16.0">
|
||
16 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4BFD5B0575D44FFD76F8DBFCEFF875" box="[722,785,1906,1932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">85 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Specimens were found at 134 sled sites (biomass
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B370575D44FFACDF8DBFF48F84B" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.22" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="kg" value="12.2">12.2 kg</quantity>
|
||
) and 23 trawl sites (biomass
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B370575D44FFDB2F831FD9DF84B" box="[534,611,1944,1970]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="kg" value="3.5">3.5 kg</quantity>
|
||
) and were most highly concentrated in the Capricorn Bunker, Swain Reefs and Townsville regions (Figure 4). Biomass was calculated as the total wet weight, including all
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC0057AD440FF33F948FEE2F900" bold="true" box="[151,284,1761,1785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Model distribution map displaying predicted and actual distribution and biomass of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D51057AD440FB18F948FA8AF901" box="[1212,1396,1761,1784]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xanthus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC0057AD440FB18F948FA8AF901" box="[1212,1396,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dercitus xanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC0057AD440FAD8F948FF38F8E0" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57BB057AD440FAD8F948FF38F8E0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from the Great Barrier Reef seabed, displaying: OTU code for this species (TSQMSB.BRS203644), P-AUC: Area Under the Curve performance diagnostic for the Presence/Absence model; Dev. Ratio: Deviance Ratio (P-AUC) performance diagnostic for the Biomass model; Measuresled: a device factor accounting for the difference in sampling rates between devices; Measuretrawllog(AreaHa) and Measuresledlog(AreaHa): offsets accounting for the swept area sampled by the trawl and sled; and influential predictor variables including: SW_K_B_IRR: relative benthic irradiance, GA_MUD: mud grainsize fraction (%),CRS_S_SD: standard deviation of salinity (psu), CRS_NO3_SD: standard deviation of nitrate levels (μM), SW_CHLA_AV: mean cholorophyll-a (mg/m3) concentration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF32665A0579D443FF33F940FCCDF886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197936/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[151,1436,182,1747]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D20579D443FF33F940FCCDF886" blockId="10.[151,1437,1769,1920]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00579D443FF33F940FEE1F8F8" bold="true" box="[151,287,1769,1793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D510579D443FE83F940FE18F8F9" box="[295,486,1769,1792]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="xanthus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00579D443FE83F940FE18F8F9" box="[295,486,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dercitus xanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00579D443FE4AF940FDB7F8F8" bold="true" box="[494,585,1769,1793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57BB0579D443FE4AF940FDB7F8F8" box="[494,585,1769,1793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(QMG329976 (SBD513022)).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00579D443FC0EF940FC38F8F8" bold="true" box="[938,966,1769,1793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A,</emphasis>
|
||
Choanosomal structure displaying a high density of foreign material (scale bar 300 μm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00579D443FD12F8A0FD2EF8D8" bold="true" box="[694,720,1801,1825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Surface of foreign material within the choanosome covered in Sanidasters (scale bar 300 μm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00579D443FE48F880FDF8F8B8" bold="true" box="[492,518,1833,1857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C,</emphasis>
|
||
External morphology (scale bar 1 mm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00579D443FC13F880FC2CF8B8" bold="true" box="[951,978,1833,1857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D,</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype (scale bar 2.5 cm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00579D443FAAAF880FAD9F8B8" bold="true" box="[1294,1319,1833,1857]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E,</emphasis>
|
||
Sanidaster (scale bar 10 μm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00579D443FEFBF8E0FE8FF898" bold="true" box="[351,369,1865,1889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F,</emphasis>
|
||
Sanidaster (scale bar 10 μm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00579D443FD1CF8E0FD32F898" bold="true" box="[696,716,1865,1889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G,</emphasis>
|
||
QMG329977 (SBD513042). Triod calthrops (scale bar 50 μm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC00579D443FA24F8E0FA62F898" bold="true" box="[1408,1436,1865,1889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H,</emphasis>
|
||
QMG329977 (SBD513042). Triod calthrops (scale bar50 μm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D20579D442FF33F807FA8AFE95" blockId="10.[151,1436,1966,2030]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,364]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
biogenic rubble incorporated within the body of the sponge, as this was impossible to separate from the tissue. The most important physical covariate affecting the distribution patterns of this sponge using the presence / absence model was mud. This species was found in habitats with very low mud content present in the substrate, and where there was low variability in salinity and nitrate levels (Figure 4). This species occurs in benthic habitats with high levels of carbonate (biogenic rubble) and sand (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A570578D442FB9EFF4BFB59FF05" box="[1082,1191,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,256,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,1071,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1064,1788]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Substrate composition plot, showing the relative composition of sand, carbonate, gravel and mud for four species (Dercitus xanthus sp. nov., Xenospongia patelliformis Gray, 1858, Coscinoderma nardorus (Lendenfeld, 1886) and Spheciospongia vagabunda (Ridley, 1884 ))." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197935/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), accounting for its characteristic habit of incorporating prolific detritus into the skeleton and cementing sand and biogenic rubble. Predicted distributions show overall biomass to be low, with higher predicted presence and biomass in proximity to Townsville and the Capricorn Bunker regions, and within a small section of the Swain Reefs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |