347 lines
37 KiB
XML
347 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8455AC77BD39BDEA4D6B14A25684AB05">Phylogenetic systematics of day geckos, genus Phelsuma, based on molecular and morphological data (Squamata: Gekkonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="84143F7F2175A01E99FB611AF477FBEA">Rocha, Sara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B70940BA141FE59FBED552A8489448A">Rösler, Herbert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5930D0E3DBB00C6B03A83FC4D8E2714E">Gehring, Philip-Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11B53707D06C5A754CD0E8EC698B4DC4">Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="185628FFA9A4098A73477C2A92F32160">Posada, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4DB8432DC2F0F9500D2193FCE17DD544">Harris, James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A32C051E6D3D6EA329A3E64AEA0922FA">Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B3068BDEEFBAB335D53A11D32F804C3C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FC2DAA70D5AA00158834BCE7A9CCC869">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8DF7DD4945BE2E3422760CA69557DBB3">2429</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0A107CC3577F14FDCBBA3F5FD92CCAF0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.194693</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3BED4C5A6F1839AE85BA17A9D78B96F3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7AD13E897D08DA58E3A7FA85BD1D8821" type="Zenodo-Dep">194693</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E487B6FFA9FFCAD5CB92C5FECBF83A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5615791" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119384232" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5615791" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487B6FFA9FFCAD5CB92C5FECBF83A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487B6FFA9FFCAD5CB92C5FECBF83A" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C357652BFFA9FFCAD5CB92C5FA93FDB2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236A0FFA9FFCAD5CB92C5FE50FD97" blockId="12.[151,1306,487,548]" box="[151,473,487,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D0BA81CCFFA9FFCAD5CB92C5FE50FD97" bold="true" box="[151,473,487,513]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD5CB92C5FE50FD97" bold="true" box="[151,473,487,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD5CB92C5FE0EFD97" box="[151,391,487,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD5CB92C5FE0EFD97" bold="true" box="[151,391,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phelsuma mutabilis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
group
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236A0FFA9FFCAD5CB9128FA93FDB2" blockId="12.[151,1306,487,548]" box="[151,1306,522,548]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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(contains
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD4569128FEEBFDB5" box="[266,354,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. b o r a i</emphasis>
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[named
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD4909128FE69FDB5" box="[460,480,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P.</emphasis>
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||
sp.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD74E9128FD24FDB5" box="[530,685,522,548]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
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aff.
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD71C9128FD24FDB5" box="[576,685,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mutabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B51FFA9FFCAD78F9128FC2EFDB2" author="Rocha" box="[723,935,522,548]" pageId="12" pageNumber="28" refString="Rocha S., Vences M., Glaw F., Posada D., Harris D. J., 2009. Multigene phylogeny of Malagasy day geckos of the genus Phelsuma. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 530 - 537." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Rocha
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD6799128FCE9FDB5" box="[805,864,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
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2009
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
],
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD6E69128FBC4FDB5" box="[954,1101,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD6E69128FBC0FDB5" box="[954,1097,522,547]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviceps">P. breviceps</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD1DA9128FA85FDB5" box="[1158,1292,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. m u t a b i l i s</emphasis>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C357652BFFA9FFCAD5CB9177FECBF83A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF236A0FFA9FFCAD5CB9177FD23FCD8" blockId="12.[151,1436,597,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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The three species in this group inhabit southwestern (
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD6489177FBB4FDF8" box="[788,1085,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD6489177FC2CFDF8" box="[788,933,597,622]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviceps">P. breviceps</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD6EE9177FBB4FDF8" box="[946,1085,597,622]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">P. mutabilis</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
) and western
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<collectingCountry id="F35A7630FFA9FFCAD1BA9177FAFCFDF9" box="[1254,1397,597,623]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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(
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD0DA9177FEF9FD05" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD0DA9177FE8EFD05" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">P. mutabilis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD44F9158FEF9FD05" box="[275,368,634,659]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borai">P. borai</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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). Close relationships between
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD7869158FCEAFD05" box="[730,867,634,659]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. b re v i c e p s</emphasis>
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||
and
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD6FC9158FBAEFD05" box="[928,1063,634,659]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. m u t a b i l i s</emphasis>
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||
had already been hypothesized based on morphometric and scale features (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B51FFA9FFCAD7C99182FCDEFD2C" author="Loveridge" box="[661,855,672,698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" refString="Loveridge, A. (1942) Revision of the Afro-Oriental geckos of the genus Phelsuma. Bulletin of the Museum Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 89, 439 - 482." type="journal article" year="1942">Loveridge 1942</bibRefCitation>
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); in fact, the two species have been synonymized and resurrected several times (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B51FFA9FFCAD4A591E7FD30FD49" author="Loveridge" box="[505,697,709,735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" refString="Loveridge, A. (1942) Revision of the Afro-Oriental geckos of the genus Phelsuma. Bulletin of the Museum Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 89, 439 - 482." type="journal article" year="1942">Loveridge 1942</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B51FFA9FFCAD79891E7FCC7FD49" author="Blanc" box="[708,846,709,735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Blanc, C. P. (1972) Les Reptiles de Madagascar et des Iles Voisines. In: Battisttini, R. & Richard-Vindard, G. (Eds.), Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar. W Junk, The Hague, pp. 501 - 614." type="book chapter" year="1972">Blanc 1972</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B51FFA9FFCAD60591E7FC6FFD49" author="Kluge" box="[857,998,709,735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" refString="Kluge, A. R. (1991) Checklist of gekkonid lizards. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 85, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1991">Kluge 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B51FFA9FFCAD6AE91E7FAD3FD49" author="Raxworthy" box="[1010,1370,709,735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="28" refString="Raxworthy, C. J. & Nussbaum, R. A. (1994) A partial systematic revision of the day geckos, Phelsuma Gray, of Madagascar (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 112, 321 - 335." type="journal article" year="1994">Raxworthy & Nussbaum 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). The mitochondrial and combined molecular data recover this group as monophyletic, although the nuclear data alone fail to support this grouping (
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<figureCitation id="13762A25FFA9FFCAD71C9032FD03FCBC" box="[576,650,784,810]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,255,654,678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,197,629]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,197,630]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Molecular phylogeny of the Phelsuma mutabilis group as calculated from the multi-gene dataset of Rocha et al. (2009). Shown are the respective clades from the Bayesian 50 % majority-rule consensus trees based on (a) the combined dataset of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, (b) the mitochondrial genes only, and (c) the nuclear genes only. See caption to Fig. 2 for further explanations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194696/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Furthermore, the combined analysis recovers a monophyletic
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD0DA9032FE8DFCD8" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD0DA9032FE8DFCD8" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. mutabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sister to the very divergent
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD7169017FD23FCD8" box="[586,682,821,846]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. b o r a i.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236A0FFA9FFCAD59A9078FEACFC72" blockId="12.[151,1436,597,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Genetic distances within this clade are high: average uncorrected p-distance between
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD1E29078FAC2FCE5" box="[1214,1355,858,883]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD1E29078FAC2FCE5" box="[1214,1355,858,883]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. breviceps</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD0DA9078FE82FC0F" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD0DA9078FE82FC0F" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. mutabilis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
for cytochrome
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD48090A2FE62FC0F" box="[476,491,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">b</emphasis>
|
||
is of 18.9%, with the distance of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD6CA90A2FC71FC0F" box="[918,1016,896,921]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borai">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD6CA90A2FC71FC0F" box="[918,1016,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. borai</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD17F90A2FB30FC0F" box="[1059,1209,896,921]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviceps">
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD17F90A2FB30FC0F" box="[1059,1209,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. breviceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(22.1%) and to
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD0DA90A2FE8DFC28" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD0DA90A2FE8DFC28" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. mutabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(23.5%) being even higher. Cytochrome
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD7B29087FD74FC28" box="[750,765,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">b</emphasis>
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p-distances within
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD6B89087FBE2FC28" box="[996,1131,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. m u t a b i l i s</emphasis>
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reach 8% (see also Glaw
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<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD5CB90E8FF58FC75" box="[151,209,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
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2009).
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236A0FFA9FFCAD59A90D2FD6CFBC2" blockId="12.[151,1436,597,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD42F90D2FE77FB9F" box="[371,510,1008,1033]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD42F90D2FE77FB9F" box="[371,510,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group share, among other character states, the absence of bright green colour, non-gluing egg laying behaviour, a relatively low number of sublabials (5–6), smooth ventrals and subcaudals, and absence of nostril-rostral contact (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CF031BFFA9FFCAD70B9718FD5CFBC2" box="[599,725,1082,1108]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="4.[151,242,151,175]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,239,725,749]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1437,426,1746]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Body size, colour characters and egg-laying behaviour of recognized Phelsuma species and subspecies. Abbreviations: TL, maximum total length; SVL, maximum snout-vent length (both in mm). Colour is coded as follows: green, predominant colour green or blue; grey, predominant colour grey or brown (not green); interm., intermediate or mixed colour. Pattern: strong, contrast of main pattern compared with ground colour strong respectively weak, or intermediate. Stripes: tendency of dorsal or dorsolateral stripes present, absent, or intermediate; elongated patches on head, neck and lower back not considered as stripes. Lateral stripes: dark lateral / sublateral stripes present, absent or weak. Phelsuma can either glue their eggs to the substrate (+) or not (-). Missing data are represented by question marks (?)." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Selected scale characters in species and subspecies of day geckos. Abbreviations: SL, number of supralabials" httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF326628FFA1FFC2D5CB93B5FF32FE19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid-0="DF326628FFA1FFC2D5CB93B5FF32FE19">Tables 1-2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236A0FFA9FFCAD5989742FE49FB52" blockId="12.[151,1436,597,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The combined mitochondrial data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A25FFA9FFCAD7379742FD3BFBEC" box="[619,690,1120,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,255,654,678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,197,629]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,197,630]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Molecular phylogeny of the Phelsuma mutabilis group as calculated from the multi-gene dataset of Rocha et al. (2009). Shown are the respective clades from the Bayesian 50 % majority-rule consensus trees based on (a) the combined dataset of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, (b) the mitochondrial genes only, and (c) the nuclear genes only. See caption to Fig. 2 for further explanations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194696/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
b) indicate possible affinities of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD1399742FB7AFBEF" box="[1125,1267,1120,1145]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD1399742FB7AFBEF" box="[1125,1267,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group with
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD0DA9742FEC8FB08" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD0DA9742FEB4FB08" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanense">P. andamanense</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, this grouping received less than 50% bootstrap and very low Bayesian support and warrants further analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236A0FFA9FFCAD5CB9638FE66FAEA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<table id="F94DC400FFA90039D5CB9638FA12FAEA" box="[151,1435,1306,1404]" gridcols="11" gridrows="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<tr id="357D34E2FFA90039D5CB9638FA12FAA2" box="[151,1435,1306,1332]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D5CB9638FDC5FAA2" box="[151,588,1306,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD5CB9638FE6BFAA2" bold="true" box="[151,482,1306,1332]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD5CB9638FE18FAA2" box="[151,401,1306,1332]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cepediana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD5CB9638FE18FAA2" bold="true" box="[151,401,1306,1332]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phelsuma cepediana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357D34E2FFA90039D5CB961FFA12FAC1" box="[151,1435,1341,1367]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D5CB961FFDC5FAC1" box="[151,588,1341,1367]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
(contains
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD456961FFDC5FAC0" box="[266,588,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD456961FFE2DFAC0" box="[266,420,1341,1366]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonica">P. borbonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD4EC961FFDC1FAC0" box="[432,584,1341,1366]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cepediana">P. cepediana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D709961FFDE2FAC1" box="[597,619,1341,1367]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD709961FFDE2FAC0" box="[597,619,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D72F961FFCBFFAC1" box="[627,822,1341,1367]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD72F961FFCBFFAC0" box="[627,822,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD72F961FFCBBFAC0" box="[627,818,1341,1366]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardnewtonii">edwardnewtonii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D662961FFCDDFAC1" box="[830,852,1341,1367]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD662961FFCDDFAC0" box="[830,852,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D607961FFC2BFAC1" box="[859,930,1341,1367]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD607961FFC2BFAC0" box="[859,930,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD607961FFC14FAC0" box="[859,925,1341,1366]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">gigas</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D6F6961FFC49FAC1" box="[938,960,1341,1367]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD6F6961FFC49FAC0" box="[938,960,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D694961FFBB6FAC1" box="[968,1087,1341,1367]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD694961FFBB6FAC0" box="[968,1087,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD694961FFBB2FAC0" box="[968,1083,1341,1366]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">guentheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D11B961FFBD7FAC1" box="[1095,1118,1341,1367]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD11B961FFBD7FAC0" box="[1095,1118,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D139961FFB61FAC1" box="[1125,1256,1341,1367]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD139961FFB61FAC0" box="[1125,1256,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD139961FFB6DFAC0" box="[1125,1252,1341,1366]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guimbeaui">guimbeaui</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D1AC961FFA8FFAC1" box="[1264,1286,1341,1367]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD1AC961FFA8FFAC0" box="[1264,1286,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D052961FFA12FAC1" box="[1294,1435,1341,1367]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD052961FFA12FAC0" box="[1294,1435,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD052961FFA11FAC0" box="[1294,1432,1341,1366]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inexpectata">inexpectata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357D34E2FFA90039D5CB9640FA12FAEA" box="[151,1435,1378,1404]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="76AC5D9EFFA90039D5CB9640FDC5FAEA" box="[151,588,1378,1404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD5CB9641FE8FFAEA" box="[151,262,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. o r n a t a,</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD41E9641FE6CFAEA" box="[322,485,1379,1404]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosagularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD41E9641FE6CFAEA" box="[322,485,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. rosagularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236A0FFA9FFCAD5CB968FFEACF931" blockId="12.[151,1436,1453,1964]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The lineage containing all species from the Mascarene Islands was previously studied in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B51FFA9FFCAD051968FFF6CFA7A" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Austin, J. J., Arnold, E. N. & Jones, C. G. (2004) Reconstructing an island radiation using ancient and recent DNA: the extinct and living day geckos (Phelsuma) of the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31, 102 - 109." type="journal article">
|
||
Austin
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD03E968FFA15FA50" box="[1378,1436,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with a considerably better sampling including the two extinct species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD17896F1FB77FA7A" box="[1060,1278,1491,1516]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardnewtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD17896F1FB77FA7A" box="[1060,1278,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. edwardnewtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD06496F1FA1DFA7A" box="[1336,1428,1491,1516]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD06496F1FA1DFA7A" box="[1336,1428,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Corroborating previous results, we also consistently recovered it as a strongly supported monophyletic clade (clade B in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A25FFA9FFCAD47E953FFEE5F9A1" box="[290,364,1565,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,825,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,825,1549]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Molecular phylogeny of the Phelsuma cepediana group as calculated from the multi-gene dataset of Rocha et al. (2009). Shown are the respective clades from the Bayesian 50 % majority-rule consensus trees based on (a) the combined dataset of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, (b) the mitochondrial genes only, and (c) the nuclear genes only. See caption to Fig. 2 for further explanations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194697/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clearly recovered by both the mitochondrial and combined data,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD1D0953FFA95F9A0" box="[1164,1308,1565,1590]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD1D0953FFA95F9A0" box="[1164,1308,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. guentheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is basal to the remaining species, and appears to have differentiated from these at an early stage of the Mascarene radiation although the two extinct species, not included in our study, might have been even more basal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B51FFA9FFCAD010954AFE90F931" author="Austin" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Austin, J. J., Arnold, E. N. & Jones, C. G. (2004) Reconstructing an island radiation using ancient and recent DNA: the extinct and living day geckos (Phelsuma) of the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31, 102 - 109." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Austin
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD5CB95AFFF58F930" box="[151,209,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236A0FFA9FFCAD59A9590FECBF83A" blockId="12.[151,1436,1453,1964]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The extant species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD75C9591FD10F95A" box="[512,665,1715,1740]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cepediana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD75C9591FD10F95A" box="[512,665,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. cepediana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group are quite variable in many morphological and chromatic characters but share egg-gluing behaviour, smooth ventralia and subcaudalia, a contact between rostral and nostril (apparently all except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD4B295DFFD18F880" box="[494,657,1789,1814]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosagularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD4B295DFFD18F880" box="[494,657,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. rosagularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a high number of midbody scales (87 or more) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CF031BFFA9FFCAD05095DFFA04F881" box="[1292,1421,1789,1815]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="4.[151,242,151,175]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,239,725,749]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1437,426,1746]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Body size, colour characters and egg-laying behaviour of recognized Phelsuma species and subspecies. Abbreviations: TL, maximum total length; SVL, maximum snout-vent length (both in mm). Colour is coded as follows: green, predominant colour green or blue; grey, predominant colour grey or brown (not green); interm., intermediate or mixed colour. Pattern: strong, contrast of main pattern compared with ground colour strong respectively weak, or intermediate. Stripes: tendency of dorsal or dorsolateral stripes present, absent, or intermediate; elongated patches on head, neck and lower back not considered as stripes. Lateral stripes: dark lateral / sublateral stripes present, absent or weak. Phelsuma can either glue their eggs to the substrate (+) or not (-). Missing data are represented by question marks (?)." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Selected scale characters in species and subspecies of day geckos. Abbreviations: SL, number of supralabials" httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF326628FFA1FFC2D5CB93B5FF32FE19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid-0="DF326628FFA1FFC2D5CB93B5FF32FE19">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD5CB9401FE0DF8AA" box="[151,388,1827,1852]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD5CB9401FE0DF8AA" box="[151,388,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phelsuma guentheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all extant species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD61E9401FC50F8AA" box="[834,985,1827,1852]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cepediana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD61E9401FC50F8AA" box="[834,985,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. cepediana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD1EC9401FA03F8AA" box="[1200,1418,1827,1852]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardnewtonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD1EC9401FA03F8AA" box="[1200,1418,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. edwardnewtonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD464946AFE26F8F7" box="[312,431,1864,1889]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD464946AFE26F8F7" box="[312,431,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phelsuma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, by the ability to change the pupil to a vertical slit. This and its associated "crepuscular" activity, as in the closely related (and extinct)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D23FFA9FFCAD63B944FFC4CF810" box="[871,965,1901,1926]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Phelsuma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAB2FFA9FFCAD63B944FFC4CF810" box="[871,965,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are most probably of secondary origin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B51FFA9FFCAD5C394B0FEBFF83A" author="Austin" box="[159,310,1938,1964]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Austin, J. J., Arnold, E. N. & Jones, C. G. (2004) Reconstructing an island radiation using ancient and recent DNA: the extinct and living day geckos (Phelsuma) of the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31, 102 - 109." type="journal article" year="2004">Austin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |